Numbers 12:10

Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

When the cloud lifted from above the tent, Miriam's skin was leprous—it became as white as snow. Aaron turned toward her and saw that she had a skin disease.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וְהֶעָנָ֗ן סָ֚ר מֵעַ֣ל הָאֹ֔הֶל וְהִנֵּ֥ה מִרְיָ֖ם מְצֹרַ֣עַת כַּשָּׁ֑לֶג וַיִּ֧פֶן אַהֲרֹ֛ן אֶל־מִרְיָ֖ם וְהִנֵּ֥ה מְצֹרָֽעַת׃

Transliteration

Wə-heʿānān sār mēʿal hāʾōhel wə-hinnēh Miryām məṣōraʿat kaššāleg wayyifen ʾAhărōn ʾel-Miryām wə-hinnēh məṣōrāʿat

Grammar Details

• *Wə-heʿānān*: conjunction + definite article + masculine singular noun - 'and the cloud'
• *sār*: Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - 'departed'
• *mēʿal*: preposition + preposition - 'from upon'
• *hāʾōhel*: definite article + masculine singular noun - 'the tent'
• *wə-hinnēh*: conjunction + demonstrative particle - 'and behold'
• *Miryām*: proper noun - 'Miriam'
• *məṣōraʿat*: Pual participle, feminine singular - 'leprous'
• *kaššāleg*: preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - 'like the snow'
• *wayyifen*: waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - 'and he turned'
• *ʾAhărōn*: proper noun - 'Aaron'
• *ʾel-Miryām*: preposition + proper noun - 'to Miriam'
• *məṣōrāʿat*: Pual participle, feminine singular - 'leprous'

Word Meanings

• *sār*: departed/removed/turned aside
• *məṣōraʿat*: leprous/stricken with skin disease
• *kaššāleg*: like snow/white as snow

Other Translations

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And the cloud departed from off the tabernacle; and, behold, Miriam became leprous, white as snow: and Aaron looked upon Miriam, and, behold, she was leprous.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And the cloud departed from above the tabernacle, and behold, Miriam became leprous, white as snow. And Aaron looked at Miriam, and behold, she was leprous.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And the cloud departed from off the tabernacle; and, behold, Miriam became leprous, white as snow: and Aaron looked upon Miriam, and, behold, she was leprous.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And the cloud removed from over the Tent; and, behold, Miriam was leprous, as [white as] snow: and Aaron looked upon Miriam, and, behold, she was leprous.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And the cloud departed from off the tabernacle; and, behold, Miriam became leprous, white as snow: and Aaron looked upon Miriam, and, behold, she was leprous.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  and the cloude departed from of the tabernacle. And beholde MyrIam was become leprous as it were snowe And when Aaron looked apon Mir Iam and sawe that she was leprous

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  and ye cloude also departed from the Tabernacle. And beholde, then was Miriam become leporus, as it were snowe. And Aaron turned him vnto Miriam, and sawe that she was leporous,

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Also the cloude departed from the Tabernacle: and beholde, Miriam was leprous like snowe: and Aaron looked vpon Miriam, and beholde, she was leprous.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And the cloude departed from the tabernacle, and beholde Miriam was become leprous, as it were snowe: And Aaron looked vpon Miriam, and beholde, she was leprous.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  ¶ And the cloud departed from off the tabernacle; and, behold, Miriam [became] leprous, [white] as snow: and Aaron looked upon Miriam, and, behold, [she was] leprous.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  The cloud removed from over the Tent; and, behold, Miriam was leprous, as [white as] snow: and Aaron looked at Miriam, and, behold, she was leprous.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  and the cloud hath turned aside from off the tent, and lo, Miriam `is' leprous as snow; and Aaron turneth unto Miriam, and lo, leprous!

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And the cloud removed from over the Tent; and, behold, Miriam was leprous, as `white as' snow: and Aaron looked upon Miriam, and, behold, she was leprous.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And the cloud removed from over the Tent; and, behold, Miriam was leprous, as [white as] snow: and Aaron looked upon Miriam, and, behold, she was leprous.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And the cloud was moved from over the Tent; and straight away Miriam became a leper, as white as snow: and Aaron, looking at Miriam, saw that she was a leper.

• World English Bible (2000)

  The cloud departed from over the Tent; and behold, Miriam was leprous, as white as snow. Aaron looked at Miriam, and behold, she was leprous.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  After the cloud had departed from above the tent, there was Miriam, leprous like snow. Then Aaron turned toward Miriam, and realized that she was leprous!

Referenced Verses

• Deut 24:9 : 9 Remember what the LORD your God did to Miriam on your journey out of Egypt.
• 2 Kgs 5:27 : 27 Naaman’s leprosy will cling to you and to your descendants forever.' Then Gehazi went out from Elisha's presence, leprous, as white as snow.
• 2 Kgs 15:5 : 5 The LORD afflicted the king with leprosy until the day of his death, and he lived in a separate house. Meanwhile, Jotham, the king's son, was in charge of the palace and governed the people of the land.
• 2 Chr 26:19-21 : 19 Uzziah, who was holding a censer to burn incense, became angry. While he was raging at the priests, leprosy broke out on his forehead in the presence of the priests in the house of the Lord, near the altar of incense. 20 Azariah the chief priest and all the other priests looked at him, and they saw that he had leprosy on his forehead. So they hurried him out, and he himself was eager to leave because the Lord had afflicted him. 21 King Uzziah had leprosy until the day he died. He lived in a separate house, excluded from the temple of the Lord. His son Jotham was in charge of the palace and governed the people of the land.
• Ezek 10:4-5 : 4 Then the glory of the Lord rose up from above the cherub and moved to the threshold of the temple. The temple was filled with the cloud, and the court was filled with the brightness of the Lord's glory. 5 The sound of the wings of the cherubim could be heard as far as the outer court, like the voice of God Almighty when He speaks.
• Ezek 10:18-19 : 18 Then the glory of the LORD departed from over the threshold of the temple and stopped above the cherubim. 19 As I watched, the cherubim lifted their wings and rose from the ground, with the wheels beside them. They stopped at the entrance to the eastern gate of the LORD's house, and the glory of the God of Israel was above them.
• Hos 9:12 : 12 Even if they raise their children, I will bereave them of every one. Woe to them when I turn away from them!
• Matt 25:41 : 41 Then he will say to those on his left, ‘Depart from me, you who are cursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels.
• Exod 4:6 : 6 Furthermore, the LORD said to him, 'Put your hand into your cloak.' So Moses put his hand into his cloak, and when he took it out, his hand was diseased, like snow.
• Exod 33:7-9 : 7 Now Moses used to take a tent and pitch it outside the camp, far away from it. He called it the 'tent of meeting.' Anyone who sought the LORD would go out to the tent of meeting outside the camp. 8 And whenever Moses went out to the tent, all the people would rise and stand at the entrance to their tents, watching Moses until he entered the tent. 9 As Moses entered the tent, the pillar of cloud would descend and stand at the entrance of the tent, and the LORD would speak with Moses. 10 When all the people saw the pillar of cloud standing at the entrance of the tent, they would rise and worship, each at the entrance of their own tent.
• Lev 13:2-9 : 2 If someone has a swelling, scab, or bright spot on the skin of their body, and it appears to be a skin disease, they must be brought to Aaron the priest or to one of his sons, the priests. 3 The priest will examine the infected area on the skin of the body. If the hair in the infection has turned white and the infection appears deeper than the skin, it is a skin disease. After examining the person, the priest will declare them unclean. 4 But if the bright spot on the skin is white and does not appear to be deeper than the skin, and the hair has not turned white, the priest will isolate the person for seven days. 5 The priest will re-examine them on the seventh day. If the infection remains unchanged and has not spread on the skin, the priest will isolate them for another seven days. 6 On the seventh day, the priest will examine them again. If the infection has faded and has not spread on the skin, the priest will declare the person clean; it is only a rash. The person must wash their clothes and they will be clean. 7 But if the rash spreads on the skin after they have been examined by the priest and declared clean, they must appear before the priest again. 8 The priest will examine them, and if the rash has spread on the skin, the priest must pronounce them unclean; it is a skin disease. 9 If someone is suspected of having an infectious skin disease, they must be brought to the priest for examination. 10 The priest will examine the person, and if there is a white swelling on the skin that has turned the hair white and there is raw flesh in the swelling, it is a serious skin disease. 11 It is a chronic skin condition on the skin of their body, and the priest must declare them unclean. The priest does not need to isolate them, for they are already unclean. 12 If the skin disease spreads and covers all the skin from head to toe, as far as the priest can see, then the priest shall examine the person. 13 The priest will look, and if the disease has covered the entire body, turning all the skin white, the priest shall pronounce them clean. If it has turned white, they are clean. 14 But when raw flesh appears on them, they will be unclean. 15 The priest will examine the raw flesh and declare them unclean. The raw flesh is unclean; it is a skin disease. 16 But if the raw flesh changes and turns white, they must go to the priest again. 17 The priest will examine them, and if the area has turned white, the priest shall pronounce the person clean. They are clean. 18 When a person has a boil on the skin that heals, 19 and it leaves a white swelling or a reddish-white spot, they must show it to the priest. 20 The priest will examine it, and if it appears deeper than the skin and the hair in it has turned white, the priest must declare them unclean. It is a skin disease that has broken out in the boil. 21 But if the priest examines it and there is no white hair in it, and it is not deeper than the skin but appears faded, the priest shall isolate the person for seven days. 22 If the infection continues to spread on the skin, the priest must declare them unclean. It is a disease. 23 But if the bright spot remains unchanged and has not spread, it is only a scar from the boil. The priest shall pronounce them clean. 24 If there is a burn on someone's skin and the raw flesh of the burn becomes a reddish-white or pure white bright spot, 25 the priest shall examine it. If the hair in the bright spot has turned white and it appears deeper than the skin, it is a skin disease that has broken out in the burn. The priest must declare them unclean, for it is a disease. 26 But if the priest examines the bright spot and there is no white hair in it, and it is not deeper than the skin but appears faded, the priest shall isolate the person for seven days. 27 The priest will examine them on the seventh day. If the infection is spreading on the skin, the priest must declare them unclean; it is a disease. 28 But if the bright spot remains unchanged, has not spread on the skin, and appears faded, it is only swelling from the burn. The priest shall pronounce them clean, for it is just a scar from the burn. 29 If a man or woman has an infection on the head or the beard, 30 the priest shall examine the infection. If it appears deeper than the skin and there is thin yellow hair in it, the priest must declare them unclean; it is a scaly infection of the head or beard. 31 If the priest examines the scaly infection and it does not appear deeper than the skin and there is no black hair in it, the priest will isolate the person for seven days. 32 On the seventh day, the priest will examine the infection. If it has not spread, there is no yellow hair in it, and it does not appear deeper than the skin, the priest shall continue to isolate the person for another seven days. 33 The person must shave, but they must not shave the infected area. The priest will isolate them for another seven days. 34 On the seventh day, the priest will examine the scaly infection. If it has not spread on the skin and its appearance is not deeper than the skin, the priest shall pronounce the person clean. They must wash their clothes, and they will be clean. 35 However, if the scaly infection spreads on the skin after the person has been declared clean, 36 the priest will examine them, and if the infection has spread on the skin, the priest does not need to check for yellow hair; the person is unclean. 37 But if it seems to the priest that the scaly infection has remained unchanged, and black hair has grown in it, the infection is healed; the person is clean, and the priest shall declare them clean. 38 If a man or woman has bright white spots on the skin of their body, 39 the priest will examine them. If the spots on the skin are dull white, it is a harmless rash; the person is clean. 40 If a man loses hair from his head, he is bald, but he is clean. 41 If he loses hair from the front of his head, he has partial baldness, but he is clean. 42 But if there is a reddish-white sore on the bald area of the crown or the forehead, it is a spreading skin disease. 43 The priest will examine him, and if the swelling of the sore is reddish-white on the bald area of the crown or forehead, resembling the appearance of a skin disease on the body, 44 the man is diseased and unclean. The priest must pronounce him unclean; the infection is on his head. 45 Anyone with such a defiling disease must wear torn clothes, let their hair be unkempt, cover the lower part of their face, and cry out, 'Unclean! Unclean!'. 46 As long as they have the infection, they are unclean. They must live alone; their dwelling must be outside the camp.