1 Kings 16:19

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "1 Kings.16.19", "source": "עַל־*חטאתו **חַטֹּאתָיו֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֔א לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה לָלֶ֙כֶת֙ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ יָרָבְעָ֔ם וּבְחַטָּאתוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֔ה לְהַחֲטִ֖יא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל", "text": "On account of-his *ḥaṭṭōʾṯāyw* which *ḥāṭāʾ*, to *laʿăśôṯ* the-*raʿ* in-*ʿênê YHWH*; to *lāleḵeṯ* in-*dereḵ yāroḇʿām* and in-his *ḥaṭṭāʾṯô* which *ʿāśâ*, to *ləhaḥăṭîʾ* *ʾeṯ*-*yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*ḥaṭṭōʾṯāyw*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his sins", "*ḥāṭāʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he sinned", "*laʿăśôṯ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to do/make", "*raʿ*": "masculine singular adjective with definite article - evil/bad", "*ʿênê*": "dual construct noun - eyes of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*lāleḵeṯ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to walk/go", "*dereḵ*": "masculine singular construct noun - way/path of", "*yāroḇʿām*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jeroboam", "*ḥaṭṭāʾṯô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his sin", "*ʿāśâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he did/made", "*ləhaḥăṭîʾ*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to cause to sin", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*ḥaṭṭōʾṯāyw*": "his sins/his transgressions/his iniquities", "*ḥāṭāʾ*": "sinned/transgressed/committed iniquity", "*raʿ*": "evil/wickedness/wrong", "*dereḵ*": "way/path/manner", "*ʿāśâ*": "did/made/performed", "*ləhaḥăṭîʾ*": "to cause to sin/to lead into sin/to make to err" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

עַל־*חטאתו **חַטֹּאתָיו֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֔א לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה לָלֶ֙כֶת֙ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ יָרָבְעָ֔ם וּבְחַטָּאתוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֔ה לְהַחֲטִ֖יא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל

Transliteration

On account of-his ḥaṭṭōʾṯāyw which ḥāṭāʾ, to laʿăśôṯ the-raʿ in-ʿênê YHWH; to lāleḵeṯ in-dereḵ yāroḇʿām and in-his ḥaṭṭāʾṯô which ʿāśâ, to ləhaḥăṭîʾ ʾeṯ-yiśrāʾēl.

Grammar Details

• *ḥaṭṭōʾṯāyw*: feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his sins
• *ḥāṭāʾ*: qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he sinned
• *laʿăśôṯ*: preposition + qal infinitive construct - to do/make
• *raʿ*: masculine singular adjective with definite article - evil/bad
• *ʿênê*: dual construct noun - eyes of
• *YHWH*: proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh
• *lāleḵeṯ*: preposition + qal infinitive construct - to walk/go
• *dereḵ*: masculine singular construct noun - way/path of
• *yāroḇʿām*: proper noun, masculine singular - Jeroboam
• *ḥaṭṭāʾṯô*: feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his sin
• *ʿāśâ*: qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he did/made
• *ləhaḥăṭîʾ*: preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to cause to sin
• *ʾeṯ*: direct object marker
• *yiśrāʾēl*: proper noun - Israel

Word Meanings

• *ḥaṭṭōʾṯāyw*: his sins/his transgressions/his iniquities
• *ḥāṭāʾ*: sinned/transgressed/committed iniquity
• *raʿ*: evil/wickedness/wrong
• *dereḵ*: way/path/manner
• *ʿāśâ*: did/made/performed
• *ləhaḥăṭîʾ*: to cause to sin/to lead into sin/to make to err

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  This happened because of the sins he committed, doing evil in the eyes of the Lord and walking in the way of Jeroboam and in his sin, which he caused Israel to commit.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  For his sins which he sinned in doing evil in the sight of the LORD, in walking in the way of Jeroboam, and in his sin which he did, to make Israel to sin.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  because of the sins that he committed in doing evil in the sight of the LORD, in walking in the way of Jeroboam, and for his sin which he committed, making Israel to sin.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  For his sins which he sinned in doing evil in the sight of the LORD, in walking in the way of Jeroboam, and in his sin which he did, to make Israel to sin.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  for his sins which he sinned in doing that which was evil in the sight of Jehovah, in walking in the way of Jeroboam, and in his sin which he did, to make Israel to sin.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  For his sins which he sinned in doing evil in the sight of the LORD, in walking in the way of Jeroboam, and in his sin which he did, to make Israel to sin.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  because of his synnes which he had committed, in that he dyd euell in the sighte of the LORDE, and walked in the waye of Ieroboam, and in his synnes which he dyd, wherwith he made Israel to synne.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  For his sinnes which hee sinned, in doing that which is euil in the sight of the Lord, in walking in the way of Ieroboam, and in his sinnes which he did, causing Israel to sinne.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  For his sinnes which he sinned, in doing that which is euill in the sight of the Lorde, and in walking in the waye of Ieroboam, and in his sinnes which he did, and in that he made Israel to sinne.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  For his sins which he sinned in doing evil in the sight of the LORD, in walking in the way of Jeroboam, and in his sin which he did, to make Israel to sin.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  for his sins which he sinned in doing that which was evil in the sight of Yahweh, in walking in the way of Jeroboam, and in his sin which he did, to make Israel to sin.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  for his sins that he sinned, to do the evil thing in the eyes of Jehovah, to walk in the way of Jeroboam, and in his sin that he did, to cause Israel to sin;

• American Standard Version (1901)

  for his sins which he sinned in doing that which was evil in the sight of Jehovah, in walking in the way of Jeroboam, and in his sin which he did, to make Israel to sin.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  for his sins which he sinned in doing that which was evil in the sight of Jehovah, in walking in the way of Jeroboam, and in his sin which he did, to make Israel to sin.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Because of his sin in doing evil in the eyes of the Lord, in going in the way of Jeroboam and in his sin which he made Israel do.

• World English Bible (2000)

  for his sins which he sinned in doing that which was evil in the sight of Yahweh, in walking in the way of Jeroboam, and in his sin which he did, to make Israel to sin.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  This happened because of the sins he committed. He did evil in the sight of the LORD and followed in Jeroboam’s footsteps and encouraged Israel to continue sinning.

Referenced Verses

• 1 Kgs 15:26 : 26 { "verseID": "1 Kings.15.26", "source": "וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיֵּ֙לֶךְ֙ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ אָבִ֔יו וּבְ֨חַטָּאת֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶחֱטִ֖יא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*wayyaʿaś* the-*raʿ* in-*ʿênê* *YHWH* *wayyēlek* in-*derek* *ʾābîw* and-in-*ḥaṭṭāʾtô* which *heḥĕṭîʾ* *ʾet*-*Yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿaś*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he did", "*raʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - evil", "*ʿênê*": "noun, feminine dual construct - eyes of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*wayyēlek*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he walked", "*derek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - way of", "*ʾābîw*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father", "*ḥaṭṭāʾtô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his sin", "*heḥĕṭîʾ*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - he caused to sin", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*wayyaʿaś* *raʿ*": "did evil/acted wickedly", "*ʿênê* *YHWH*": "in the eyes of YHWH/in the sight of YHWH", "*wayyēlek* in-*derek*": "walked in the way/followed the pattern", "*heḥĕṭîʾ*": "caused to sin/led into sin/made to sin" } }
• 1 Kgs 12:28 : 28 { "verseID": "1 Kings.12.28", "source": "וַיִּוָּעַ֣ץ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיַּ֕עַשׂ שְׁנֵ֖י עֶגְלֵ֣י זָהָ֑ב וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֗ם רַב־לָכֶם֙ מֵעֲל֣וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם הִנֵּ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶעֱל֖וּךָ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "*wə-yiwwāʿaṣ* the *melekh* *wə-yaʿaś* two *ʿeglê* of *zāhāb wə-yōʾmer* to them, *rab-lākhem* from *ʿălôt yərûšālaim hinnēh ʾĕlōhêkā yiśrāʾēl ʾăšer heʿĕlûkā mēʾereṣ miṣrāyim*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiwwāʿaṣ*": "conjunction + Niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he took counsel", "*melekh*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the king", "*wə-yaʿaś*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he made", "*ʿeglê*": "construct noun, masculine plural - calves of", "*zāhāb*": "noun, masculine singular - gold", "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*rab-lākhem*": "adjective + preposition with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - too much for you", "*ʿălôt*": "infinitive construct - going up to", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your gods/God", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who/which", "*heʿĕlûkā*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - brought you up", "*mēʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - from land of", "*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt" }, "variants": { "*wə-yiwwāʿaṣ*": "took counsel/consulted/considered", "*ʿeglê*": "calves/young bulls", "*rab-lākhem*": "too much for you/enough for you/you have gone far enough", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "your gods [plural form]/your God [plural of majesty]", "*heʿĕlûkā*": "brought you up/caused you to ascend" } }
• 1 Kgs 14:16 : 16 { "verseID": "1 Kings.14.16", "source": "וְיִתֵּ֖ן אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל בִּגְלַ֞ל חַטֹּ֤אות יָֽרָבְעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֔א וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶחֱטִ֖יא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And *yittēn* *ʾet*-*Yiśrāʾēl* because-of *ḥaṭṭōʾwt* *Yārāb'ām* which *ḥāṭāʾ* and-which *heḥĕṭîʾ* *ʾet*-*Yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*yittēn*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will give/deliver", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun", "*ḥaṭṭōʾwt*": "feminine plural construct - sins of", "*Yārāb'ām*": "proper noun", "*ḥāṭāʾ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he sinned", "*heḥĕṭîʾ*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he caused to sin" }, "variants": { "*yittēn*": "give/deliver/surrender", "*ḥaṭṭōʾwt*": "sins/offenses/transgressions", "*ḥāṭāʾ*": "sinned/offended/transgressed", "*heḥĕṭîʾ*": "caused to sin/made to transgress/led astray" } }
• 1 Kgs 15:34 : 34 { "verseID": "1 Kings.15.34", "source": "וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיֵּ֙לֶךְ֙ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ יָרָבְעָ֔ם וּבְ֨חַטָּאת֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶחֱטִ֖יא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס", "text": "*wa-yaʿaś hāraʿ bəʿênê YHWH wa-yêlek bəḏerek yārāḇəʿām û-ḇəchaṭṭāʾtô ʾăšer hecheṭîʾ ʾet-yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*wa-*": "consecutive conjunction - and", "*yaʿaś*": "qal imperfect apocopated, 3rd masculine singular - he did/made", "*hāraʿ*": "definite article + masculine singular adjective - the evil", "*bə*": "preposition - in", "*ʿênê*": "dual construct - eyes of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*wa-yêlek*": "consecutive conjunction + qal imperfect apocopated, 3rd masculine singular - and he walked", "*bəḏerek*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - in way of", "*yārāḇəʿām*": "proper name - Jeroboam", "*û-ḇə*": "conjunction + preposition - and in", "*chaṭṭāʾtô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his sin", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*hecheṭîʾ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he caused to sin", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel" }, "variants": { "*hāraʿ*": "the evil/wickedness/what is bad", "*bəʿênê YHWH*": "in eyes of YHWH/in YHWH's sight/according to YHWH's judgment", "*bəḏerek*": "in way of/in the path of/following the pattern of", "*hecheṭîʾ*": "caused to sin/led into sin/made to sin" } }
• 1 Kgs 16:7 : 7 { "verseID": "1 Kings.16.7", "source": "וְגַ֡ם בְּיַד־יֵה֨וּא בֶן־חֲנָ֜נִי הַנָּבִ֗יא דְּבַר־יְהוָ֡ה הָיָה֩ אֶל־בַּעְשָׁ֨א וְאֶל־בֵּית֜וֹ וְעַ֥ל כָּל־הָרָעָ֣ה ׀ אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֣ה ׀ בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה לְהַכְעִיסוֹ֙ בְּמַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יָדָ֔יו לִהְי֖וֹת כְּבֵ֣ית יָרָבְעָ֑ם וְעַ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־הִכָּ֖ה אֹתֽוֹ׃ פ", "text": "And also *wəgam* by the hand of *bəyad-Yēhûʾ* *ben-Ḥănānî* the *hannābîʾ* *dəbar-YHWH* *hāyāh* to *ʾel-Baʿšāʾ* and to *wəʾel-bêtô* and concerning *wəʿal* all *kol-hārāʿāh* that *ʾăšer-ʿāśāh* in the eyes of *bəʿênê* *YHWH* to *ləhakʿîsô* with the work of *bəmaʿăśēh* his hands *yādāyw* to be *lihyôt* like the house of *kəbêt* *Yārābʿām* and because *wəʿal* that *ʾăšer-hikkāh* him *ʾōtô*", "grammar": { "*wəgam*": "conjunction + adverb - and also/moreover", "*bəyad-Yēhûʾ*": "preposition + noun feminine singular construct + proper name - by the hand of Jehu", "*ben-Ḥănānî*": "noun masculine singular construct + proper name - son of Hanani", "*hannābîʾ*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the prophet", "*dəbar-YHWH*": "noun masculine singular construct + divine name - word/message of YHWH", "*hāyāh*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - was/came", "*ʾel-Baʿšāʾ*": "preposition + proper name - to/against Baasha", "*wəʾel-bêtô*": "conjunction + preposition + noun masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and to/against his house", "*wəʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and concerning/against", "*kol-hārāʿāh*": "noun masculine singular construct + definite article + noun feminine singular - all the evil", "*ʾăšer-ʿāśāh*": "relative particle + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - which he did", "*bəʿênê*": "preposition + noun feminine dual construct - in the eyes of", "*ləhakʿîsô*": "preposition + hifil infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to provoke him", "*bəmaʿăśēh*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - with/by the work of", "*yādāyw*": "noun feminine dual with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hands", "*lihyôt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to be/become", "*kəbêt*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - like the house of", "*Yārābʿām*": "proper name - Jeroboam", "*wəʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and because/concerning", "*ʾăšer-hikkāh*": "relative particle + hifil perfect 3rd masculine singular - whom he struck/killed", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine singular suffix - him" }, "variants": { "*dəbar-YHWH*": "word of YHWH/message from YHWH/command of YHWH", "*hārāʿāh*": "the evil/the wickedness/the wrong", "*bəʿênê*": "in the eyes of/in the sight of/in the opinion of", "*ləhakʿîsô*": "to provoke him to anger/to vex him/to irritate him", "*lihyôt*": "to be/to become/to exist as", "*hikkāh*": "he struck/he killed/he destroyed" } }
• 1 Kgs 16:13 : 13 { "verseID": "1 Kings.16.13", "source": "אֶ֚ל כָּל־חַטֹּ֣אות בַּעְשָׁ֔א וְחַטֹּ֖אות אֵלָ֣ה בְנ֑וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטְא֗וּ וַאֲשֶׁ֤ר הֶחֱטִ֙יאוּ֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לְהַכְעִ֗יס אֶת־יְהוָ֛ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּהַבְלֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "Concerning *ʾel* all *kol-ḥaṭṭōʾwt* *Baʿšāʾ* and the sins of *wəḥaṭṭōʾwt* *ʾĒlāh* his son *bənô* which *ʾăšer* they sinned *ḥāṭəʾû* and which *waʾăšer* they caused to sin *heḥĕṭîʾû* *ʾet-Yiśrāʾēl* to provoke to anger *ləhakʿîs* *ʾet-YHWH* God of *ʾĕlōhê* *Yiśrāʾēl* with their vanities *bəhablêhem*", "grammar": { "*ʾel*": "preposition - concerning/on account of", "*kol-ḥaṭṭōʾwt*": "noun masculine singular construct + noun feminine plural construct - all the sins of", "*Baʿšāʾ*": "proper name - Baasha", "*wəḥaṭṭōʾwt*": "conjunction + noun feminine plural construct - and the sins of", "*ʾĒlāh*": "proper name - Elah", "*bənô*": "noun masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his son", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/that", "*ḥāṭəʾû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they sinned", "*waʾăšer*": "conjunction + relative particle - and which/that", "*heḥĕṭîʾû*": "hifil perfect 3rd common plural - they caused to sin", "*ʾet-Yiśrāʾēl*": "direct object marker + proper name - Israel", "*ləhakʿîs*": "preposition + hifil infinitive construct - to provoke to anger", "*ʾet-YHWH*": "direct object marker + divine name - YHWH", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun masculine plural construct - God of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*bəhablêhem*": "preposition + noun masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - with their vanities/idols" }, "variants": { "*ḥaṭṭōʾwt*": "sins/transgressions/iniquities", "*ḥāṭəʾû*": "they sinned/they transgressed", "*heḥĕṭîʾû*": "they caused to sin/they led into sin/they made sin", "*ləhakʿîs*": "to provoke to anger/to vex/to irritate", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "God of/deity of", "*bəhablêhem*": "with their vanities/with their idols/with their worthless things" } }
• Ps 9:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Psalms.9.16", "source": "טָבְע֣וּ ג֭וֹיִם בְּשַׁ֣חַת עָשׂ֑וּ בְּרֶֽשֶׁת־ז֥וּ טָ֝מָ֗נוּ נִלְכְּדָ֥ה רַגְלָֽם׃", "text": "*Ṭāba'* *gôyim* in *šaḥat* they *'āśâ*; in *rešet* this which they *ṭāman*, *lākad* their *regel*", "grammar": { "*ṭāba'*": "qal perfect 3rd person common plural - 'they have sunk'", "*gôyim*": "masculine plural noun - 'nations'", "*šaḥat*": "feminine singular noun - 'pit'", "*'āśâ*": "qal perfect 3rd person common plural - 'they made'", "*rešet*": "feminine singular noun - 'net'", "*ṭāman*": "qal perfect 3rd person common plural - 'they hid'", "*lākad*": "niphal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - 'it is caught'", "*regel*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'their foot'" }, "variants": { "*ṭāba'*": "sink down/sink in/be stuck", "*gôyim*": "nations/gentiles/peoples", "*šaḥat*": "pit/trap/grave/destruction", "*'āśâ*": "make/do/prepare/accomplish", "*rešet*": "net/snare/trap", "*ṭāman*": "hide/conceal/bury", "*lākad*": "caught/captured/trapped", "*regel*": "foot/leg/step" } }
• Ps 58:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "Psalms.58.9", "source": "‫כְּמ֣וֹ שַׁ֭בְּלוּל תֶּ֣מֶס יַהֲלֹ֑ךְ נֵ֥פֶל אֵ֝֗שֶׁת בַּל־חָ֥זוּ שָֽׁמֶשׁ׃‬", "text": "*kəmô* *šabbəlûl* *temes* *yahălōk* *nēpel* *ʾēšet* *bal*-*ḥāzû* *šāmeš*", "grammar": { "*kəmô*": "preposition - like/as", "*šabbəlûl*": "masculine singular noun - snail", "*temes*": "masculine singular noun - melting/dissolving", "*yahălōk*": "qal 3ms imperfect - it goes/moves", "*nēpel*": "masculine singular noun - miscarriage/abortion/untimely birth", "*ʾēšet*": "feminine singular construct noun - woman of/wife of", "*bal*": "negative particle - not", "*ḥāzû*": "qal 3cp perfect - they have seen", "*šāmeš*": "feminine singular noun - sun" }, "variants": { "*šabbəlûl*": "snail/slug", "*temes*": "melting/dissolving/slime", "*nēpel*": "miscarriage/abortion/stillborn child", "*ʾēšet*": "woman of/wife of", "*bal*": "not/never (poetic negative)", "*šāmeš*": "sun/sunlight" } } 10 { "verseID": "Psalms.58.10", "source": "‫בְּטֶ֤רֶם יָבִ֣ינוּ סִּֽירֹתֵיכֶ֣ם אָטָ֑ד כְּמוֹ־חַ֥י כְּמוֹ־חָ֝ר֗וֹן יִשְׂעָרֶֽנּוּ׃‬", "text": "*bəṭerem* *yābînû* *sîrōtêkem* *ʾāṭād* *kəmô*-*ḥay* *kəmô*-*ḥārôn* *yiśʿārénnû*", "grammar": { "*bəṭerem*": "preposition bet + conjunction - before", "*yābînû*": "qal 3mp imperfect - they perceive/understand", "*sîrōtêkem*": "feminine plural noun + 2mp suffix - your pots", "*ʾāṭād*": "masculine singular noun - thorns/bramble", "*kəmô*-*ḥay*": "preposition + adjective - like living/raw", "*kəmô*-*ḥārôn*": "preposition + masculine singular adjective/noun - like burning/heat", "*yiśʿārénnû*": "qal 3ms imperfect + 3ms suffix - he will sweep away/blow away" }, "variants": { "*bəṭerem*": "before/not yet", "*yābînû*": "perceive/understand/discern", "*sîrōtêkem*": "your pots/cooking vessels/thorns", "*ʾāṭād*": "thorns/bramble/buckthorn", "*ḥay*": "living/raw/alive", "*ḥārôn*": "burning/heat/anger", "*yiśʿārénnû*": "sweep away/blow away/storm against it (difficult text with multiple interpretations)" } } 11 { "verseID": "Psalms.58.11", "source": "‫יִשְׂמַ֣ח צַ֭דִּיק כִּי־חָזָ֣ה נָקָ֑ם פְּעָמָ֥יו יִ֝רְחַ֗ץ בְּדַ֣ם הָרָשָֽׁע׃‬", "text": "*yiśmaḥ* *ṣaddîq* *kî*-*ḥāzâ* *nāqām* *pəʿāmāyw* *yirḥaṣ* *bədam* *hārāšāʿ*", "grammar": { "*yiśmaḥ*": "qal 3ms imperfect - he rejoices", "*ṣaddîq*": "masculine singular adjective/noun - righteous/just one", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/when/that", "*ḥāzâ*": "qal 3ms perfect - he has seen/beheld", "*nāqām*": "masculine singular noun - vengeance/revenge", "*pəʿāmāyw*": "feminine plural noun + 3ms suffix - his feet/steps", "*yirḥaṣ*": "qal 3ms imperfect - he washes", "*bədam*": "preposition bet + masculine singular construct - in blood of", "*hārāšāʿ*": "definite article + masculine singular adjective/noun - the wicked one" }, "variants": { "*yiśmaḥ*": "rejoices/is glad", "*ṣaddîq*": "righteous one/just person", "*ḥāzâ*": "sees/beholds/perceives", "*nāqām*": "vengeance/revenge/retribution", "*pəʿāmāyw*": "his feet/steps/footsteps", "*yirḥaṣ*": "washes/bathes", "*hārāšāʿ*": "the wicked one/the evil person" } }
• 1 Kgs 15:30 : 30 { "verseID": "1 Kings.15.30", "source": "עַל־חַטֹּ֤אות יָרָבְעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֔א וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶחֱטִ֖יא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל בְּכַעְס֕וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִכְעִ֔יס אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "On account of *chaṭṭôʾt* of *yārāḇəʿām* which he *chāṭāʾ* and which he *hecheṭîʾ* *ʾet*-*yiśrāʾēl*; in his *kaʿəsô* which he *hikəʿîs* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê* *yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*chaṭṭôʾt*": "feminine plural construct - sins of", "*yārāḇəʿām*": "proper name - Jeroboam", "*chāṭāʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he sinned", "*hecheṭîʾ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he caused to sin", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*kaʿəsô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix - his provocation/anger", "*hikəʿîs*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he provoked/angered", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "masculine plural construct - God of", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and" }, "variants": { "*chaṭṭôʾt*": "sins/offenses/transgressions", "*hecheṭîʾ*": "caused to sin/led into sin/made to sin", "*kaʿəsô*": "his provocation/his anger/his vexation", "*hikəʿîs*": "provoked to anger/vexed/irritated" } }