19 {
"verseID": "1 Kings.20.19",
"source": "וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ יָצְא֣וּ מִן־הָעִ֔יר נַעֲרֵ֖י שָׂרֵ֣י הַמְּדִינ֑וֹת וְהַחַ֖יִל אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃",
"text": "And *wᵊʾēlleh* [these] *yāṣᵊʾû* [went out] from *hāʿîr* [the city], *naʿărê* [young men] of *śārê* [officials of] *hammᵊḏînôṯ* [the provinces], and *hahayil* [the army] which *ʾaḥărêhem* [after them].",
"grammar": {
"*wᵊʾēlleh*": "conjunction + demonstrative pronoun - and these",
"*yāṣᵊʾû*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine plural - they went out",
"*hāʿîr*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the city",
"*naʿărê*": "construct plural of *naʿar* - young men/servants/attendants",
"*śārê*": "construct plural of *śar* - officials/princes/leaders",
"*hammᵊḏînôṯ*": "definite article + feminine plural noun - the provinces/districts",
"*hahayil*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the army/force",
"*ʾaḥărêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - after them"
},
"variants": {
"*hahayil*": "army/force/troops/military power",
"*naʿărê*": "young men/servants/attendants/officials"
}
}
20 {
"verseID": "1 Kings.20.20",
"source": "וַיַּכּוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ֔וֹ וַיָּנֻ֣סוּ אֲרָ֔ם וַֽיִּרְדְּפֵ֖ם יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּמָּלֵ֗ט בֶּן־הֲדַד֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אֲרָ֔ם עַל־ס֖וּס וּפָרָשִֽׁים׃",
"text": "And *wayyakkû* [they struck] *ʾîš* [each man] *ʾîšô* [his man], and *wayyānusû* [they fled], *ʾărām* [Aram/Syria], and *wayyirdᵊp̄ēm* [pursued them] *yiśrāʾēl* [Israel]; and *wayyimmālēṭ* [escaped] *ben-hăḏaḏ* [Ben-Hadad] *meleḵ* [king of] *ʾărām* [Aram/Syria] on *sûs* [horse] and *p̄ārāšîm* [horsemen].",
"grammar": {
"*wayyakkû*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they struck/smote",
"*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - each man/each one",
"*ʾîšô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his man/his opponent",
"*wayyānusû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they fled",
"*ʾărām*": "proper name - Aram/Syria",
"*wayyirdᵊp̄ēm*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - he pursued them",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel",
"*wayyimmālēṭ*": "waw consecutive + niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he escaped",
"*ben-hăḏaḏ*": "proper name - Ben-Hadad (son of Hadad)",
"*meleḵ*": "masculine singular construct - king of",
"*ʾărām*": "proper name - Aram/Syria",
"*sûs*": "masculine singular noun - horse",
"*p̄ārāšîm*": "masculine plural noun - horsemen/cavalry"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyakkû*": "struck/smote/hit/attacked",
"*ʾîš ʾîšô*": "each man his opponent/every man his opposite/man to man",
"*wayyimmālēṭ*": "escaped/fled/slipped away",
"*p̄ārāšîm*": "horsemen/cavalry/mounted riders"
}
}
21 {
"verseID": "1 Kings.20.21",
"source": "וַיֵּצֵא֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיַּ֥ךְ אֶת־הַסּ֖וּס וְאֶת־הָרָ֑כֶב וְהִכָּ֥ה בַאֲרָ֖ם מַכָּ֥ה גְדוֹלָֽה׃",
"text": "And *wayyēṣēʾ* [went out] *meleḵ* [king of] *yiśrāʾēl* [Israel], and *wayyaḵ* [he struck] the *hassûs* [horses] and the *hārāḵeḇ* [chariots]; and *wᵊhikkâ* [he struck] *baʾărām* [in Aram/Syria] *makkâ* [a striking] *gᵊḏôlâ* [great].",
"grammar": {
"*wayyēṣēʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he went out",
"*meleḵ*": "masculine singular construct - king of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel",
"*wayyaḵ*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he struck",
"*hassûs*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the horse(s)",
"*hārāḵeḇ*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the chariot(s)",
"*wᵊhikkâ*": "conjunction + hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - and he struck",
"*baʾărām*": "preposition + proper name - in Aram/Syria",
"*makkâ*": "feminine singular noun - striking/blow/slaughter",
"*gᵊḏôlâ*": "feminine singular adjective - great/large"
},
"variants": {
"*hassûs*": "the horse/horses (collective singular)",
"*hārāḵeḇ*": "the chariot(s)/chariotry (collective singular)",
"*makkâ gᵊḏôlâ*": "great blow/slaughter/defeat/destruction"
}
}
22 {
"verseID": "1 Kings.20.22",
"source": "וַיִּגַּ֤שׁ הַנָּבִיא֙ אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ לֵ֣ךְ הִתְחַזַּ֔ק וְדַ֥ע וּרְאֵ֖ה אֵ֣ת אֲשֶֽׁר־תַּעֲשֶׂ֑ה כִּ֚י לִתְשׁוּבַ֣ת הַשָּׁנָ֔ה מֶ֥לֶךְ אֲרָ֖ם עֹלֶ֥ה עָלֶֽיךָ׃ ס",
"text": "And *wayyiggaš* [approached] *hannāḇîʾ* [the prophet] to *meleḵ* [king of] *yiśrāʾēl* [Israel], and *wayyōʾmer* [he said] to *lô* [him], *lēḵ* [go], *hiṯḥazzaq* [strengthen yourself], and *wᵊḏaʿ* [know] and *ûrᵊʾēh* [see] *ʾēṯ ʾăšer-taʿăśeh* [what you will do]; for *liṯšûḇaṯ* [at the return of] *haššānâ* [the year], *meleḵ* [king of] *ʾărām* [Aram/Syria] *ʿōleh* [is coming up] against *ʿāleḵā* [you].",
"grammar": {
"*wayyiggaš*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he approached/came near",
"*hannāḇîʾ*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the prophet",
"*meleḵ*": "masculine singular construct - king of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel",
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he said",
"*lô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him",
"*lēḵ*": "qal imperative masculine singular - go",
"*hiṯḥazzaq*": "hitpael imperative masculine singular - strengthen yourself",
"*wᵊḏaʿ*": "conjunction + qal imperative masculine singular - and know",
"*ûrᵊʾēh*": "conjunction + qal imperative masculine singular - and see",
"*ʾēṯ ʾăšer-taʿăśeh*": "direct object marker + relative pronoun + qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - what you will do",
"*liṯšûḇaṯ*": "preposition + feminine singular construct - at the return of",
"*haššānâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the year",
"*meleḵ*": "masculine singular construct - king of",
"*ʾărām*": "proper name - Aram/Syria",
"*ʿōleh*": "qal participle masculine singular - is coming up/ascending",
"*ʿāleḵā*": "preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - against you"
},
"variants": {
"*hiṯḥazzaq*": "strengthen yourself/take courage/be strong",
"*liṯšûḇaṯ haššānâ*": "at the return of the year/at the turn of the year/in the spring"
}
}
23 {
"verseID": "1 Kings.20.23",
"source": "וְעַבְדֵ֨י מֶֽלֶךְ־אֲרָ֜ם אָמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֗יו אֱלֹהֵ֤י הָרִים֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵיהֶ֔ם עַל־כֵּ֖ן חָזְק֣וּ מִמֶּ֑נּוּ וְאוּלָ֗ם נִלָּחֵ֤ם אִתָּם֙ בַּמִּישׁ֔וֹר אִם־לֹ֥א נֶחֱזַ֖ק מֵהֶֽם׃",
"text": "And *wᵊʿaḇḏê* [servants of] *meleḵ-ʾărām* [king of Aram/Syria] *ʾāmᵊrû* [said] to *ʾēlāyw* [him], *ʾĕlōhê* [gods of] *hārîm* [the mountains] *ʾĕlōhêhem* [are their gods], therefore *ḥāzᵊqû* [they were stronger] than *mimmennû* [us]; and *wᵊʾûlām* [but] let us fight *nillāḥēm* with them *ʾittām* in *bamîšôr* [the plain], if *ʾim-lōʾ* [not] *neḥĕzaq* [we will be stronger] than *mēhem* [them].",
"grammar": {
"*wᵊʿaḇḏê*": "conjunction + masculine plural construct - and servants of",
"*meleḵ-ʾărām*": "masculine singular construct + proper name - king of Aram/Syria",
"*ʾāmᵊrû*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine plural - they said",
"*ʾēlāyw*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him",
"*ʾĕlōhê*": "masculine plural construct - gods of",
"*hārîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the mountains",
"*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their gods",
"*ḥāzᵊqû*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine plural - they were strong/stronger",
"*mimmennû*": "preposition + 1st common plural suffix - than us",
"*wᵊʾûlām*": "conjunction + adverb - but/however",
"*nillāḥēm*": "niphal imperfect 1st common plural cohortative - let us fight",
"*ʾittām*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - with them",
"*bamîšôr*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - in the plain/level ground",
"*ʾim-lōʾ*": "conditional particle + negative particle - if not",
"*neḥĕzaq*": "qal imperfect 1st common plural - we will be strong/stronger",
"*mēhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - than them"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾĕlōhê hārîm*": "gods of mountains/mountain deities",
"*ḥāzᵊqû*": "they were stronger/they prevailed/they were more powerful",
"*bamîšôr*": "in the plain/on level ground/on the flatland",
"*neḥĕzaq*": "we will be stronger/we will prevail/we will overpower"
}
}