1{
"verseID": "Isaiah.31.1",
"source": "הוֹי הַיֹּרְדִים מִצְרַיִם לְעֶזְרָה עַל־סוּסִים יִשָּׁעֵנוּ וַיִּבְטְחוּ עַל־רֶכֶב כִּי רָב וְעַל פָּרָשִׁים כִּי־עָצְמוּ מְאֹד וְלֹא שָׁעוּ עַל־קְדוֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאֶת־יְהוָה לֹא דָרָשׁוּ",
"text": "*Hôy* the *yōrᵉdîm* *Miṣrayim* for *ʿezrâ*, upon *sûsîm* *yiššāʿēnû*, and *wayyiḇṭᵉḥû* upon *reḵeḇ* because *rāḇ*, and upon *pārāšîm* because they *ʿāṣᵉmû* *mᵉʾōd*, and not *šāʿû* upon *qᵉdôš* *Yiśrāʾēl* and *ʾet*-*Yhwh* not *dārāšû*",
"grammar": {
"*Hôy*": "interjection - woe/alas",
"*yōrᵉdîm*": "participle, masculine plural - going down",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*ʿezrâ*": "noun, feminine singular - help/assistance",
"*sûsîm*": "noun, masculine plural - horses",
"*yiššāʿēnû*": "imperfect, 3rd plural, niphal - they lean/rely",
"*wayyiḇṭᵉḥû*": "imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd plural, qal - and they trust",
"*reḵeḇ*": "noun, masculine singular - chariot(s)",
"*rāḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - many/great",
"*pārāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - horsemen",
"*ʿāṣᵉmû*": "perfect, 3rd plural, qal - they are strong/mighty",
"*mᵉʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly",
"*šāʿû*": "perfect, 3rd plural, qal - they look/gaze",
"*qᵉdôš*": "adjective, masculine singular - holy one",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*Yhwh*": "proper noun - LORD",
"*dārāšû*": "perfect, 3rd plural, qal - they seek/inquire"
},
"variants": {
"*Hôy*": "woe/alas/ah",
"*yōrᵉdîm*": "those going down/those who descend",
"*Miṣrayim*": "Egypt/Egyptians",
"*ʿezrâ*": "help/assistance/aid",
"*yiššāʿēnû*": "they lean/rely/depend",
"*reḵeḇ*": "chariot(s)/vehicle(s)",
"*šāʿû*": "they gaze/look/regard",
"*dārāšû*": "they seek/inquire/consult"
}
}
2{
"verseID": "Isaiah.31.2",
"source": "וְגַם־הוּא חָכָם וַיָּבֵא רָע וְאֶת־דְּבָרָיו לֹא הֵסִיר וְקָם עַל־בֵּית מְרֵעִים וְעַל־עֶזְרַת פֹּעֲלֵי אָוֶן",
"text": "And *gam*-*hûʾ* *ḥāḵām* and *wayyāḇēʾ* *rāʿ* and *ʾet*-*dᵉḇārāyw* not *hēsîr* and *qām* against *bêt* *mᵉrēʿîm* and against *ʿezrat* *pōʿᵃlê* *ʾāwen*",
"grammar": {
"*gam*": "adverb - also/even",
"*hûʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine singular - he",
"*ḥāḵām*": "adjective, masculine singular - wise",
"*wayyāḇēʾ*": "imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular, hiphil - and he brings",
"*rāʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - evil/calamity",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*dᵉḇārāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his words",
"*hēsîr*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular, hiphil - he removes/takes away",
"*qām*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular, qal - he rises/stands",
"*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of",
"*mᵉrēʿîm*": "participle, masculine plural, hiphil - evildoers",
"*ʿezrat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - help of",
"*pōʿᵃlê*": "participle, masculine plural construct, qal - workers of",
"*ʾāwen*": "noun, masculine singular - iniquity/wickedness"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥāḵām*": "wise/skillful/clever",
"*wayyāḇēʾ*": "brings/causes to come",
"*rāʿ*": "evil/calamity/disaster",
"*hēsîr*": "removes/takes away/turns aside",
"*qām*": "rises/stands/arises",
"*mᵉrēʿîm*": "evildoers/those who do evil",
"*ʾāwen*": "iniquity/wickedness/trouble"
}
}
3{
"verseID": "Isaiah.31.3",
"source": "וּמִצְרַיִם אָדָם וְלֹא־אֵל וְסוּסֵיהֶם בָּשָׂר וְלֹא־רוּחַ וַיהוָה יַטֶּה יָדוֹ וְכָשַׁל עוֹזֵר וְנָפַל עָזֻר וְיַחְדָּו כֻּלָּם יִכְלָיוּן",
"text": "And *Miṣrayim* *ʾādām* and not-*ʾēl* and *sûsêhem* *bāśār* and not-*rûaḥ* and *wa-Yhwh* *yaṭṭeh* *yādô* and *ḵāšal* *ʿôzēr* and *nāp̄al* *ʿāzur* and *yaḥdāw* *kullām* *yiḵlāyûn*",
"grammar": {
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/human",
"*ʾēl*": "noun, masculine singular - God/deity",
"*sûsêhem*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their horses",
"*bāśār*": "noun, masculine singular - flesh",
"*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular - spirit/breath",
"*wa-Yhwh*": "proper noun with conjunction - and LORD",
"*yaṭṭeh*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, hiphil - he stretches out",
"*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand",
"*ḵāšal*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular, qal - he stumbles",
"*ʿôzēr*": "participle, masculine singular, qal - helper",
"*nāp̄al*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular, qal - he falls",
"*ʿāzur*": "passive participle, masculine singular, qal - one being helped",
"*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together",
"*kullām*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - all of them",
"*yiḵlāyûn*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine plural, qal - they perish"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾādām*": "man/human/mankind",
"*ʾēl*": "God/deity/divine being",
"*bāśār*": "flesh/meat/body",
"*rûaḥ*": "spirit/breath/wind",
"*yaṭṭeh*": "stretches out/extends/bends",
"*ḵāšal*": "stumbles/trips/fails",
"*nāp̄al*": "falls/drops/collapses",
"*yiḵlāyûn*": "perish/come to an end/are consumed"
}
}