Exodus 7:13

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Exodus.7.13", "source": "וַיֶּחֱזַק֙ לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְלֹ֥א שָׁמַ֖ע אֲלֵהֶ֑ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָֽה", "text": "And-*wayyeḥĕzaq* heart-of *Parʿōh* and-not *šāmaʿ* to-them just-as *dibbēr* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*wayyeḥĕzaq*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and became strong", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*šāmaʿ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he listened", "*dibbēr*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he had spoken", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name" }, "variants": { "*wayyeḥĕzaq*": "became strong/hardened/was strengthened", "*šāmaʿ*": "heard/listened/obeyed" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיֶּחֱזַק֙ לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְלֹ֥א שָׁמַ֖ע אֲלֵהֶ֑ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָֽה

Transliteration

And-wayyeḥĕzaq heart-of Parʿōh and-not šāmaʿ to-them just-as dibbēr YHWH

Grammar Details

• *wayyeḥĕzaq*: qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and became strong
• *Parʿōh*: proper noun - Pharaoh
• *šāmaʿ*: qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he listened
• *dibbēr*: piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he had spoken
• *YHWH*: proper noun - the divine name

Word Meanings

• *wayyeḥĕzaq*: became strong/hardened/was strengthened
• *šāmaʿ*: heard/listened/obeyed

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Yet Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, and he would not listen to them, just as the Lord had said.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And he hardened Pharaoh's heart, that he hearkened not unto them; as the LORD had said.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And he hardened Pharaoh's heart, that he did not listen to them, as the LORD had said.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And he hardened Pharaoh's heart, that he hearkened not unto them; as the LORD had said.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And Pharaoh's{H6547} heart{H3820} was hardened,{H2388} and he hearkened{H8085} not unto them; as Jehovah{H3068} had spoken.{H1696}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And he hardened{H2388}{(H8799)} Pharaoh's{H6547} heart{H3820}, that he hearkened{H8085}{(H8804)} not unto them; as the LORD{H3068} had said{H1696}{(H8765)}.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  ad yet for all that Pharaos herte was hardened, so that he herkened not vnto the, euen as the Lorde had sayde.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  So Pharaos hert was hardened, and he herkened not vnto them, euen as the LORDE had sayde.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  So Pharaohs heart was hardened, and hee hearkened not to them, as the Lorde had saide.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And he helde Pharaos heart that he hearkened not vnto them, euen as the Lorde had sayde.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And he hardened Pharaoh's heart, that he hearkened not unto them; as the LORD had said.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Pharaoh's heart was hardened, and he didn't listen to them; as Yahweh had spoken.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  and the heart of Pharaoh is strong, and he hath not hearkened unto them, as Jehovah hath spoken.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And Pharaoh's heart was hardened, and he hearkened not unto them; as Jehovah had spoken.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And Pharaoh's heart was hardened, and he hearkened not unto them; as Jehovah had spoken.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  But Pharaoh's heart was made hard, and he did not give ear to them, as the Lord had said.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Pharaoh's heart was hardened, and he didn't listen to them; as Yahweh had spoken.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Yet Pharaoh’s heart became hard, and he did not listen to them, just as the LORD had predicted.

Referenced Verses

• Exod 4:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Exodus.4.21", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָה֮ אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֒ בְּלֶכְתְּךָ֙ לָשׁ֣וּב מִצְרַ֔יְמָה רְאֵ֗ה כָּל־הַמֹּֽפְתִים֙ אֲשֶׁר־שַׂ֣מְתִּי בְיָדֶ֔ךָ וַעֲשִׂיתָ֖ם לִפְנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֑ה וַאֲנִי֙ אֲחַזֵּ֣ק אֶת־לִבּ֔וֹ וְלֹ֥א יְשַׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־הָעָֽם׃", "text": "And *yōʾmer* *YHWH* to-*Mōšeh* in-*lektĕkā* to-*šûb* *Miṣrayĕmâh* *rĕʾēh* all-the-*môpĕtîm* which-*śamtî* in-*yādekā* and-*ʿăśîtām* to-*pĕnê* *Parʿōh* and-*ʾănî* *ʾăḥazzēq* *ʾet*-*libbô* and-not *yĕšallaḥ* *ʾet*-the-*ʿām*.", "grammar": { "*yōʾmer*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw conversive - said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moses", "*lektĕkā*": "qal infinitive construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your going", "*šûb*": "qal infinitive construct - to return", "*Miṣrayĕmâh*": "proper noun with directional hey - to Egypt", "*rĕʾēh*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - see", "*môpĕtîm*": "noun, masculine plural - wonders/signs", "*śamtî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have placed", "*yādekā*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your hand", "*ʿăśîtām*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix with waw conversive - you shall do them", "*pĕnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - face of", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Pharaoh", "*ʾănî*": "pronoun, 1st person singular - I", "*ʾăḥazzēq*": "piel imperfect, 1st person singular - I will strengthen", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*libbô*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his heart", "*yĕšallaḥ*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will send away", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people" }, "variants": { "*môpĕtîm*": "wonders/signs/miracles", "*ʾăḥazzēq ʾet-libbô*": "strengthen his heart/harden his heart/make him stubborn", "*yĕšallaḥ*": "send away/let go/release" } }
• Exod 8:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Exodus.8.15", "source": "וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ הַֽחַרְטֻמִּים֙ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֔ה אֶצְבַּ֥ע אֱלֹהִ֖ים הִ֑וא וַיֶּחֱזַ֤ק לֵב־פַּרְעֹה֙ וְלֹֽא־שָׁמַ֣ע אֲלֵהֶ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ ס", "text": "And *wə-yōʾmərû* the *ḥarṭummîm* unto *Parʿōh*, *ʾeṣbaʿ* *ʾĕlōhîm* *hîwʾ*. And *wə-yeḥĕzaq* heart of *Parʿōh* and not-*šāmaʿ* unto them, just as *dibber* *YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmərû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd common plural - and they said", "*ḥarṭummîm*": "noun, masculine plural + definite article - the magicians/sacred scribes", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*ʾeṣbaʿ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - finger of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God/gods", "*hîwʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd feminine singular - she/it", "*wə-yeḥĕzaq*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it became strong", "*šāmaʿ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he heard/listened", "*dibber*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he spoke/said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD" }, "variants": { "*ʾeṣbaʿ* *ʾĕlōhîm*": "finger of God/divine intervention", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine being", "*wə-yeḥĕzaq*": "became strong/hardened/was strengthened" } }
• Exod 10:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Exodus.10.1", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה בֹּ֖א אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֑ה כִּֽי־אֲנִ֞י הִכְבַּ֤דְתִּי אֶת־לִבּוֹ֙ וְאֶת־לֵ֣ב עֲבָדָ֔יו לְמַ֗עַן שִׁתִ֛י אֹתֹתַ֥י אֵ֖לֶּה בְּקִרְבּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* *YHWH* *ʾel-mōšeh* *bōʾ* *ʾel-parʿōh* *kî-ʾănî* *hikbadtî* *ʾet-libbô* *wə-ʾet-lēb* *ʿăbādāyw* *ləmaʿan* *šitî* *ʾōtōtay* *ʾēlleh* *bə-qirbô*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masc singular - and said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾel-mōšeh*": "preposition + proper noun - to Moses", "*bōʾ*": "Qal imperative masculine singular - go/come", "*ʾel-parʿōh*": "preposition + proper noun - to Pharaoh", "*kî-ʾănî*": "conjunction + 1st person pronoun - because I", "*hikbadtî*": "Hiphil perfect 1st person singular - I have hardened/made heavy", "*ʾet-libbô*": "direct object marker + noun masculine singular with 3rd masc singular suffix - his heart", "*wə-ʾet-lēb*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun masculine singular construct - and the heart of", "*ʿăbādāyw*": "noun masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servants", "*ləmaʿan*": "conjunction - in order that/so that", "*šitî*": "Qal infinitive construct with 1st person singular suffix - my placing", "*ʾōtōtay*": "noun common plural with 1st person singular suffix - my signs", "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative adjective - these", "*bə-qirbô*": "preposition + noun masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his midst" }, "variants": { "*hikbadtî*": "made heavy/hardened/made stubborn/made insensitive", "*qirbô*": "midst/inner part/among them" } }
• Exod 10:20 : 20 { "verseID": "Exodus.10.20", "source": "וַיְחַזֵּ֥ק יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֑ה וְלֹ֥א שִׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ", "text": "*wa-yəḥazzēq* *YHWH* *ʾet-lēb* *parʿōh* *wə-lōʾ* *šillaḥ* *ʾet-bənê* *yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wa-yəḥazzēq*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he strengthened/hardened", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾet-lēb*": "direct object marker + noun masculine singular construct - the heart of", "*parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*šillaḥ*": "Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he sent away", "*ʾet-bənê*": "direct object marker + noun masculine plural construct - the sons/children of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*yəḥazzēq*": "strengthened/hardened/made strong/made firm" } }
• Exod 10:27 : 27 { "verseID": "Exodus.10.27", "source": "וַיְחַזֵּ֥ק יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֑ה וְלֹ֥א אָבָ֖ה לְשַׁלְּחָֽם׃", "text": "*wa-yəḥazzēq* *YHWH* *ʾet-lēb* *parʿōh* *wə-lōʾ* *ʾābāh* *lə-šalləḥām*", "grammar": { "*wa-yəḥazzēq*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he hardened", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾet-lēb*": "direct object marker + noun masculine singular construct - the heart of", "*parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and he did not", "*ʾābāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - was willing", "*lə-šalləḥām*": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to send them away" }, "variants": { "*yəḥazzēq*": "hardened/strengthened/made strong", "*ʾābāh*": "was willing/consented/agreed" } }
• Exod 14:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Exodus.14.17", "source": "וַאֲנִ֗י הִנְנִ֤י מְחַזֵּק֙ אֶת־לֵ֣ב מִצְרַ֔יִם וְיָבֹ֖אוּ אַחֲרֵיהֶ֑ם וְאִכָּבְדָ֤ה בְּפַרְעֹה֙ וּבְכָל־חֵיל֔וֹ בְּרִכְבּ֖וֹ וּבְפָרָשָֽׁיו", "text": "*wa-ʾănî* *hinənî* *məḥazzēq* *ʾeṯ*-*lēḇ* *Miṣrayim* *wə-yāḇōʾû* *ʾaḥărêhem* *wə-ʾikkāḇdāh* *bə-Pharʿōh* *û-ḇəḵol*-*ḥêlô* *bə-riḵbô* *û-ḇəphārāšâw*", "grammar": { "*wa-ʾănî*": "conjunction + pronoun, 1st common singular - and I", "*hinənî*": "interjection + 1st common singular suffix - behold, I", "*məḥazzēq*": "Piel participle, masculine singular - strengthening/hardening", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*lēḇ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians", "*wə-yāḇōʾû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they shall come/go", "*ʾaḥărêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - after them", "*wə-ʾikkāḇdāh*": "conjunction + Niphal imperfect cohortative, 1st common singular - and I will be honored", "*bə-Pharʿōh*": "preposition + proper noun - through Pharaoh", "*û-ḇəḵol*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - and through all", "*ḥêlô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his army", "*bə-riḵbô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - through his chariots", "*û-ḇəphārāšâw*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and through his horsemen" }, "variants": { "*hinənî*": "behold, I/here I am", "*məḥazzēq*": "strengthening/hardening/making strong", "*wə-yāḇōʾû*": "and they shall come/and they shall go/and they shall enter", "*wə-ʾikkāḇdāh*": "and I will be honored/and I will gain glory", "*ḥêlô*": "his army/his forces/his host" } }
• Deut 2:30 : 30 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.2.30", "source": "וְלֹ֣א אָבָ֗ה סִיחֹן֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ חֶשְׁבּ֔וֹן הַעֲבִרֵ֖נוּ בּ֑וֹ כִּֽי־הִקְשָׁה֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ אֶת־רוּח֗וֹ וְאִמֵּץ֙ אֶת־לְבָב֔וֹ לְמַ֛עַן תִּתּ֥וֹ בְיָדְךָ֖ כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "*wə-lōʾ* *ʾāḇāh* *sîḥōn* *meleḵ* *ḥešbôn* *haʿăḇîrênû* in-him *kî*-*hiqšâ* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōheḵā* *ʾet*-*rûḥô* *wə-ʾimmêṣ* *ʾet*-*ləḇāḇô* *ləmaʿan* *tittô* in-*yādəḵā* *kayyôm* *hazzeh*", "grammar": { "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ʾāḇāh*": "verb, Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he was willing", "*sîḥōn*": "proper noun - Sihon", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*ḥešbôn*": "proper noun - Heshbon", "*haʿăḇîrênû*": "verb, Hiphil infinitive construct + 1st person plural suffix - to let us pass through", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*hiqšâ*": "verb, Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he hardened", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*ʾĕlōheḵā*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your God", "*rûḥô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his spirit", "*wə-ʾimmêṣ*": "conjunction + verb, Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he strengthened/made obstinate", "*ləḇāḇô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his heart", "*ləmaʿan*": "conjunction - in order that/so that", "*tittô*": "verb, Qal infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - giving him", "*yādəḵā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your hand", "*kayyôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - as the day", "*hazzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*ʾāḇāh*": "was willing/consented/agreed", "*haʿăḇîrênû*": "to let us pass through/to allow us to cross/to permit our passage", "*hiqšâ*": "hardened/made stubborn/made unyielding", "*wə-ʾimmêṣ*": "and he strengthened/made obstinate/made firm", "*ləḇāḇô*": "his heart/his mind/his will", "*ləmaʿan*": "in order that/so that/for the purpose of", "*tittô*": "giving him/delivering him/placing him", "*kayyôm* *hazzeh*": "as at this day/as it is today/as at present" } }
• Zech 7:11-12 : 11 { "verseID": "Zechariah.7.11", "source": "וַיְמָאֲנ֣וּ לְהַקְשִׁ֔יב וַיִּתְּנ֥וּ כָתֵ֖ף סֹרָ֑רֶת וְאָזְנֵיהֶ֖ם הִכְבִּ֥ידוּ מִשְּׁמֽוֹעַ׃", "text": "And *wa-yəmāʾănû* to *ləhaqšîḇ* and *wa-yittənû* *kāṯēp̄* *sōrāreṯ*, and *ʾāzənêhem hiḵbîḏû* from *miššəmôaʿ*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yəmāʾănû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd common plural - and they refused", "*ləhaqšîḇ*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to pay attention/listen", "*wa-yittənû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd common plural - and they gave/turned", "*kāṯēp̄*": "noun, feminine singular - shoulder", "*sōrāreṯ*": "qal participle, feminine singular - rebellious/stubborn", "*ʾāzənêhem*": "noun, feminine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their ears", "*hiḵbîḏû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd common plural - they made heavy/hardened", "*miššəmôaʿ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - from hearing" }, "variants": { "*wa-yəmāʾănû*": "and they refused/and they were unwilling", "*ləhaqšîḇ*": "to pay attention/to listen/to hearken", "*kāṯēp̄ sōrāreṯ*": "stubborn shoulder/rebellious shoulder (idiom for turning away)", "*hiḵbîḏû*": "they made heavy/they hardened/they made dull", "*miššəmôaʿ*": "from hearing/from listening/from obeying" } } 12 { "verseID": "Zechariah.7.12", "source": "וְלִבָּ֞ם שָׂ֣מוּ שָׁמִ֗יר מִ֠שְּׁמוֹעַ אֶת־הַתּוֹרָ֤ה וְאֶת־הַדְּבָרִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר שָׁלַ֜ח יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ בְּרוּח֔וֹ בְּיַ֖ד הַנְּבִיאִ֣ים הָרִֽאשֹׁנִ֑ים וַֽיְהִי֙ קֶ֣צֶף גָּד֔וֹל מֵאֵ֖ת יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃", "text": "And *wə-libbām śāmû šāmîr* from *miššəmôaʿ* *ʾeṯ-hattôrāh* and *ʾeṯ-haddəḇārîm* which *šālaḥ YHWH ṣəḇāʾôṯ* in *bərûḥô* by hand the *nəḇîʾîm hārîʾšōnîm*. And *wa-yəhî qeṣep̄ gāḏôl* from *mēʾēṯ YHWH ṣəḇāʾôṯ*.", "grammar": { "*wə-libbām*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their heart", "*śāmû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they made/set", "*šāmîr*": "noun, masculine singular - adamant stone/diamond/flint", "*miššəmôaʿ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - from hearing", "*ʾeṯ-hattôrāh*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun, feminine singular - the law", "*ʾeṯ-haddəḇārîm*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun, masculine plural - the words", "*šālaḥ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - sent", "*bərûḥô*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - by his spirit", "*nəḇîʾîm hārîʾšōnîm*": "noun, masculine plural + definite article + adjective, masculine plural - the former prophets", "*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and there was/came", "*qeṣep̄*": "noun, masculine singular - wrath/anger", "*gāḏôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great", "*mēʾēṯ*": "preposition + preposition - from with" }, "variants": { "*libbām*": "their heart/their mind", "*šāmîr*": "adamant stone/diamond/flint (metaphor for hardness)", "*tôrāh*": "law/instruction/teaching", "*dəḇārîm*": "words/matters/things", "*bərûḥô*": "by his spirit/through his spirit", "*qeṣep̄*": "wrath/anger/indignation" } }
• Rom 1:28 : 28 { "verseID": "Romans.1.28", "source": "Καὶ καθὼς οὐκ ἐδοκίμασαν τὸν Θεὸν ἔχειν ἐν ἐπιγνώσει, παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς εἰς ἀδόκιμον νοῦν, ποιεῖν τὰ μὴ καθήκοντα·", "text": "*Kai* *kathōs* *ouk* *edokimasan* the *Theon* *echein* *en* *epignōsei*, *paredōken* *autous* the *Theos* *eis* *adokimon* *noun*, *poiein* the *mē* *kathēkonta*·", "grammar": { "*Kai*": "conjunction - and", "*kathōs*": "adverb - just as", "*ouk*": "negative particle - not", "*edokimasan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - they approved", "*Theon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - God", "*echein*": "present active infinitive - to have/retain", "*en*": "preposition + dative - in", "*epignōsei*": "dative, feminine, singular - knowledge", "*paredōken*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - he gave over", "*autous*": "accusative, masculine, plural, personal pronoun - them", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*eis*": "preposition + accusative - to", "*adokimon*": "accusative, masculine, singular, adjective - debased/reprobate", "*noun*": "accusative, masculine, singular - mind", "*poiein*": "present active infinitive - to do", "*mē*": "negative particle - not", "*kathēkonta*": "present active participle, accusative, neuter, plural - fitting/proper things" }, "variants": { "*edokimasan*": "they approved/thought fit/tested", "*echein*": "to have/retain/acknowledge", "*epignōsei*": "knowledge/recognition/full knowledge", "*paredōken*": "he gave over/delivered/handed over", "*adokimon*": "debased/reprobate/unapproved", "*noun*": "mind/understanding/intellect", "*kathēkonta*": "fitting/proper/appropriate things" } }
• Rom 2:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Romans.2.5", "source": "Κατὰ δὲ τὴν σκληρότητά σου καὶ ἀμετανόητον καρδίαν θησαυρίζεις σεαυτῷ ὀργὴν ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ὀργῆς καὶ ἀποκαλύψεως δικαιοκρισίας τοῦ Θεοῦ·", "text": "But according to the *sklērotēta* of you and *ametanoēton* *kardian* you *thēsaurizeis* for *seautō* *orgēn* in day of *orgēs* and *apokalypsēōs* *dikaiokriasias* of *Theos*;", "grammar": { "*sklērotēta*": "noun, accusative, feminine, singular - hardness/stubbornness", "*ametanoēton*": "adjective, accusative, feminine, singular - unrepentant/impenitent", "*kardian*": "noun, accusative, feminine, singular - heart", "*thēsaurizeis*": "verb, present indicative, 2nd person singular - you store up/treasure up", "*seautō*": "reflexive pronoun, dative, masculine, singular - for yourself", "*orgēn*": "noun, accusative, feminine, singular - wrath/anger", "*orgēs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - of wrath/anger", "*apokalypsēōs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - revelation/disclosure", "*dikaiokriasias*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - righteous judgment", "*Theos*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - God" }, "variants": { "*sklērotēta*": "hardness/stubbornness/obstinacy", "*ametanoēton*": "unrepentant/impenitent/refusing to change mind", "*kardian*": "heart/mind/inner self", "*thēsaurizeis*": "store up/treasure up/accumulate", "*orgēn*": "wrath/anger/indignation", "*apokalypsēōs*": "revelation/disclosure/uncovering", "*dikaiokriasias*": "righteous judgment/just verdict" } }
• Heb 3:7-8 : 7 { "verseID": "Hebrews.3.7", "source": "Διό (καθὼς λέγει τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον, Σήμερον ἐὰν τῆς φωνῆς αὐτοῦ ἀκούσητε,", "text": "*Dio* (*kathōs* *legei* the *Pneuma* the *Hagion*, *Sēmeron* *ean* the *phōnēs* of him *akousēte*,", "grammar": { "*Dio*": "conjunction - therefore/for this reason", "*kathōs*": "adverb - just as/according as", "*legei*": "present indicative, 3rd person singular - says/speaks", "*Pneuma*": "nominative, neuter, singular - Spirit", "*Hagion*": "nominative, neuter, singular - Holy", "*Sēmeron*": "adverb - today/this day", "*ean*": "conditional conjunction - if", "*phōnēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of voice/sound", "*akousēte*": "aorist subjunctive, 2nd person plural - you might hear/listen to" }, "variants": { "*Dio*": "therefore/for this reason/wherefore", "*kathōs*": "just as/according as/even as", "*legei*": "says/speaks/declares", "*Pneuma*": "Spirit/breath/wind", "*Hagion*": "Holy/Set apart", "*phōnēs*": "voice/sound/utterance", "*akousēte*": "hear/listen to/heed" } } 8 { "verseID": "Hebrews.3.8", "source": "Μὴ σκληρύνητε τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν, ὡς ἐν τῷ παραπικρασμῷ, κατὰ τὴν ἡμέραν τοῦ πειρασμοῦ ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ:", "text": "*Mē* *sklērynēte* the *kardias* of you, *hōs* in the *parapikrasmō*, *kata* the *hēmeran* of the *peirasmou* in the *erēmō*:", "grammar": { "*Mē*": "negative particle with subjunctive - not/do not", "*sklērynēte*": "aorist subjunctive, 2nd person plural - you might harden", "*kardias*": "accusative, feminine, plural - hearts", "*hōs*": "adverb - as/like", "*parapikrasmō*": "dative, masculine, singular - provocation/rebellion/embitterment", "*kata*": "preposition + accusative - during/according to", "*hēmeran*": "accusative, feminine, singular - day", "*peirasmou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of testing/temptation", "*erēmō*": "dative, feminine, singular - wilderness/desert" }, "variants": { "*Mē*": "not/do not", "*sklērynēte*": "harden/make stubborn/make insensitive", "*kardias*": "hearts/inner selves/minds", "*parapikrasmō*": "provocation/rebellion/bitter contention", "*kata*": "during/at/according to", "*peirasmou*": "testing/temptation/trial", "*erēmō*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited region" } }
• Heb 3:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Hebrews.3.13", "source": "Ἀλλὰ παρακαλεῖτε ἑαυτοὺς καθʼ ἑκάστην ἡμέραν, ἄχρις οὗ τὸ Σήμερον καλεῖται· ἵνα μὴ σκληρυνθῇ τις ἐξ ὑμῶν ἀπάτῃ τῆς ἁμαρτίας.", "text": "*Alla* *parakaleite* *heautous* *kath' hekastēn* *hēmeran*, *achris hou* the *Sēmeron* *kaleitai*; *hina* *mē* *sklērynthē* *tis* from you *apatē* of the *hamartias*.", "grammar": { "*Alla*": "adversative conjunction - but/rather", "*parakaleite*": "present imperative, 2nd person plural - exhort/encourage", "*heautous*": "reflexive pronoun, accusative, masculine, plural - yourselves/one another", "*kath' hekastēn*": "preposition + adjective, accusative, feminine, singular - according to each", "*hēmeran*": "accusative, feminine, singular - day", "*achris hou*": "conjunction phrase - until which/as long as", "*Sēmeron*": "adverb used as noun - Today", "*kaleitai*": "present passive indicative, 3rd person singular - is called/named", "*hina*": "conjunction - so that/in order that", "*mē*": "negative particle - not", "*sklērynthē*": "aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd person singular - might be hardened", "*tis*": "indefinite pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular - anyone/someone", "*apatē*": "dative, feminine, singular - by deceit/deception", "*hamartias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of sin" }, "variants": { "*Alla*": "but/rather/on the contrary", "*parakaleite*": "encourage/exhort/comfort", "*heautous*": "yourselves/one another/each other", "*kath' hekastēn*": "each/daily/every", "*hēmeran*": "day/daytime", "*achris hou*": "until/as long as/while", "*kaleitai*": "is called/named/designated", "*hina*": "so that/in order that/that", "*sklērynthē*": "be hardened/become stubborn/grow insensitive", "*apatē*": "deceit/deception/delusion", "*hamartias*": "sin/wrongdoing/missing the mark" } }
• Exod 7:3-4 : 3 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.3", "source": "וַאֲנִ֥י אַקְשֶׁ֖ה אֶת־לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֑ה וְהִרְבֵּיתִ֧י אֶת־אֹתֹתַ֛י וְאֶת־מוֹפְתַ֖י בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם", "text": "And-*ʾănî* *ʾaqšeh* *ʾet*-heart-of *Parʿōh* and-*hirbêtî* *ʾet*-*ʾōtōtay* and-*ʾet*-*môp̄ətay* in-land-of *Miṣrāyim*", "grammar": { "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular personal pronoun - I", "*ʾaqšeh*": "hiphil imperfect 1st singular - I will harden", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*hirbêtî*": "hiphil perfect 1st singular - I will multiply", "*ʾōtōtay*": "feminine plural noun with 1st singular suffix - my signs", "*môp̄ətay*": "masculine plural noun with 1st singular suffix - my wonders", "*Miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt" }, "variants": { "*ʾaqšeh*": "harden/make stubborn/make difficult", "*ʾōtōtay*": "my signs/tokens/evidences", "*môp̄ətay*": "my wonders/miracles/portents" } } 4 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.4", "source": "וְלֹֽא־יִשְׁמַ֤ע אֲלֵכֶם֙ פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְנָתַתִּ֥י אֶת־יָדִ֖י בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם וְהוֹצֵאתִ֨י אֶת־צִבְאֹתַ֜י אֶת־עַמִּ֤י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם בִּשְׁפָטִ֖ים גְּדֹלִֽים", "text": "And-not-*yišmaʿ* to-you *Parʿōh* and-*nātattî* *ʾet*-*yādî* in-*Miṣrāyim* and-*hôṣēʾtî* *ʾet*-*ṣiḇʾōtay* *ʾet*-*ʿammî* sons-of-*Yiśrāʾēl* from-land-of *Miṣrayim* with-*šəp̄āṭîm* *gəḏōlîm*", "grammar": { "*yišmaʿ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will listen", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*nātattî*": "qal perfect 1st singular - I will put", "*yādî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my hand", "*Miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*hôṣēʾtî*": "hiphil perfect 1st singular - I will bring out", "*ṣiḇʾōtay*": "feminine plural noun with 1st singular suffix - my hosts/armies", "*ʿammî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my people", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*šəp̄āṭîm*": "masculine plural noun - judgments", "*gəḏōlîm*": "masculine plural adjective - great" }, "variants": { "*yišmaʿ*": "listen/hear/obey", "*nātattî*": "put/place/set", "*yādî*": "my hand/power/strength", "*ṣiḇʾōtay*": "my hosts/armies/divisions", "*šəp̄āṭîm*": "judgments/punishments/acts of judgment" } }