Genesis 9:21

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Genesis.9.21", "source": "וַיֵּ֥שְׁתְּ מִן־הַיַּ֖יִן וַיִּשְׁכָּ֑ר וַיִּתְגַּ֖ל בְּת֥וֹךְ אָהֳלֹֽה׃", "text": "And-*wayyēšt* from-*hayyayin* and-*wayyiškār* and-*wayyitgal* in-*tôk* *ʾohŏlōh*.", "grammar": { "*wayyēšt*": "waw-consecutive + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine - and he drank", "*hayyayin*": "noun, masculine, singular + definite article - the wine", "*wayyiškār*": "waw-consecutive + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine - and he became drunk", "*wayyitgal*": "waw-consecutive + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, hithpael (reflexive) - and he uncovered himself", "*tôk*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct state - midst of", "*ʾohŏlōh*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3rd person masculine singular possessive suffix - his tent" }, "variants": { "*wayyēšt*": "and he drank/and he imbibed", "*hayyayin*": "the wine/the fermented drink", "*wayyiškār*": "and he became drunk/and he was intoxicated", "*wayyitgal*": "and he uncovered himself/and he exposed himself/and he became naked", "*tôk*": "midst/middle/inside" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיֵּ֥שְׁתְּ מִן־הַיַּ֖יִן וַיִּשְׁכָּ֑ר וַיִּתְגַּ֖ל בְּת֥וֹךְ אָהֳלֹֽה׃

Transliteration

And-wayyēšt from-hayyayin and-wayyiškār and-wayyitgal in-tôk ʾohŏlōh.

Grammar Details

• *wayyēšt*: waw-consecutive + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine - and he drank
• *hayyayin*: noun, masculine, singular + definite article - the wine
• *wayyiškār*: waw-consecutive + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine - and he became drunk
• *wayyitgal*: waw-consecutive + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, hithpael (reflexive) - and he uncovered himself
• *tôk*: noun, masculine, singular, construct state - midst of
• *ʾohŏlōh*: noun, masculine, singular + 3rd person masculine singular possessive suffix - his tent

Word Meanings

• *wayyēšt*: and he drank/and he imbibed
• *hayyayin*: the wine/the fermented drink
• *wayyiškār*: and he became drunk/and he was intoxicated
• *wayyitgal*: and he uncovered himself/and he exposed himself/and he became naked
• *tôk*: midst/middle/inside

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  He drank some of the wine, became drunk, and uncovered himself inside his tent.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And he drank of the wine, and was drunken; and he was uncovered within his tent.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  Then he drank of the wine and was drunk, and he uncovered himself inside his tent.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And he drank of the wine, and was drunken; and he was uncovered within his tent.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  and he drank{H8354} of the wine,{H3196} and was drunken;{H7937} and he was uncovered{H1540} within{H8432} his tent.{H168}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And he drank{H8354}{(H8799)} of the wine{H3196}, and was drunken{H7937}{(H8799)}; and he was uncovered{H1540}{(H8691)} within{H8432} his tent{H168}.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  and drancke of the wyne and was droncke and laye vncouered in the myddest of his tet.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  And dranke of the wyne, and was dronken, and laye vncouered in his tente.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And he drunke of ye wine and was drunken, & was vncouered in the middes of his tent.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And he drynkyng of the wyne, was dronken, and vncouered within his tent.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And he drank of the wine, and was drunken; and he was uncovered within his tent.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  He drank of the wine, and got drunk. He was uncovered within his tent.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  and drinketh of the wine, and is drunken, and uncovereth himself in the midst of the tent.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  and he drank of the wine, and was drunken. And he was uncovered within his tent.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  and he drank of the wine, and was drunken; and he was uncovered within his tent.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And he took of the wine of it and was overcome by drink; and he was uncovered in his tent.

• World English Bible (2000)

  He drank of the wine and got drunk. He was uncovered within his tent.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  When he drank some of the wine, he got drunk and uncovered himself inside his tent.

Referenced Verses

• Prov 20:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Proverbs.20.1", "source": "לֵ֣ץ הַ֭יַּ‪[t]‬ין הֹמֶ֣ה שֵׁכָ֑ר וְכָל־שֹׁ֥גֶה בּ֝֗וֹ לֹ֣א יֶחְכָּֽם׃", "text": "*lēṣ* the *yayin* *hōmeh* *šēkār* and-all-*šōgeh* in-him not *yeḥkām*", "grammar": { "*lēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - scoffer/mocker", "*yayin*": "noun, masculine singular - wine", "*hōmeh*": "verb, Qal participle masculine singular - raging/roaring/turbulent", "*šēkār*": "noun, masculine singular - strong drink/intoxicating drink", "*šōgeh*": "verb, Qal participle masculine singular - erring/going astray/reeling", "*yeḥkām*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will be wise" }, "variants": { "*lēṣ*": "scoffer/mocker/scorner", "*yayin*": "wine/fermented grape drink", "*hōmeh*": "raging/roaring/noisy/tumultuous", "*šēkār*": "strong drink/intoxicating beverage/liquor", "*šōgeh*": "erring/reeling/staggering/intoxicated", "*yeḥkām*": "will be wise/become wise/show wisdom" } }
• Prov 23:31-32 : 31 { "verseID": "Proverbs.23.31", "source": "אַל־תֵּ֥רֶא יַּיִן֮ כִּ֢י יִתְאַ֫דָּ֥ם כִּֽי־יִתֵּ֣ן *בכיס **בַּכּ֣וֹס עֵינ֑וֹ יִ֝תְהַלֵּ֗ךְ בְּמֵישָׁרִֽים׃", "text": "Do not *tēreʾ yayin* when *yiṯʾaddām*, when it *yittēn bakkôs* its *ʿênô*, *yiṯhallēḵ bǝmêšārîm*.", "grammar": { "*tēreʾ*": "qal imperfect jussive, 2nd person masculine singular - look at/gaze upon", "*yayin*": "noun, masculine singular - wine", "*yiṯʾaddām*": "hithpael imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - shows itself red", "*yittēn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - gives", "*bakkôs*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the cup", "*ʿênô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its eye/color", "*yiṯhallēḵ*": "hithpael imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - goes about/moves", "*bǝmêšārîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - in straightness/smoothly" }, "variants": { "*tēreʾ yayin*": "look at wine/gaze upon wine", "*yiṯʾaddām*": "shows itself red/is red/sparkles", "*yittēn bakkôs ʿênô*": "gives its color in the cup/shows its gleam in the goblet", "*yiṯhallēḵ bǝmêšārîm*": "goes down smoothly/moves straight/flows evenly" } } 32 { "verseID": "Proverbs.23.32", "source": "אַ֭חֲרִיתוֹ כְּנָחָ֣שׁ יִשָּׁ֑ךְ וּֽכְצִפְעֹנִ֥י יַפְרִֽשׁ׃", "text": "Its *ʾaḥărîṯô* like *nāḥāš yiššāḵ*, and like *ṣip̄ʿōnî yap̄riš*.", "grammar": { "*ʾaḥărîṯô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its end/outcome", "*nāḥāš*": "noun, masculine singular - serpent/snake", "*yiššāḵ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - bites", "*ṣip̄ʿōnî*": "noun, masculine singular - viper/adder", "*yap̄riš*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - injects/spreads" }, "variants": { "*ʾaḥărîṯô*": "its end/its outcome/its aftermath", "*nāḥāš yiššāḵ*": "serpent bites/snake strikes", "*ṣip̄ʿōnî yap̄riš*": "viper injects/adder spreads venom/poisonous snake stings" } }
• Hab 2:15-16 : 15 { "verseID": "Habakkuk.2.15", "source": "ה֚וֹי מַשְׁקֵ֣ה רֵעֵ֔הוּ מְסַפֵּ֥חַ חֲמָתְךָ֖ וְאַ֣ף שַׁכֵּ֑ר לְמַ֥עַן הַבִּ֖יט עַל־מְעוֹרֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*Hôy mašqēh rēʿēhû mĕsappēaḥ ḥămātĕkā* and even *šakkēr* in order to *habîṭ* upon *mĕʿôrêhem*.", "grammar": { "*hôy*": "interjection - woe/alas", "*mašqēh*": "verb, hiphil participle, masculine singular - giving drink", "*rēʿēhû*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his neighbor", "*mĕsappēaḥ*": "verb, piel participle, masculine singular - pouring out/joining", "*ḥămātĕkā*": "noun, feminine, singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your wrath/bottle", "*šakkēr*": "verb, piel infinitive absolute - making drunk", "*habîṭ*": "verb, hiphil infinitive construct - to look", "*mĕʿôrêhem*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their nakedness" }, "variants": { "*mašqēh*": "giving drink to/causing to drink", "*mĕsappēaḥ*": "pouring out/adding/joining to", "*ḥămātĕkā*": "your wrath/poison/bottle/rage", "*šakkēr*": "making drunk/intoxicating", "*mĕʿôrêhem*": "their nakedness/private parts/shame" } } 16 { "verseID": "Habakkuk.2.16", "source": "שָׂבַ֤עְתָּ קָלוֹן֙ מִכָּב֔וֹד שְׁתֵ֥ה גַם־אַ֖תָּה וְהֵֽעָרֵ֑ל תִּסּ֣וֹב עָלֶ֗יךָ כּ֚וֹס יְמִ֣ין יְהוָ֔ה וְקִיקָל֖וֹן עַל־כְּבוֹדֶֽךָ׃", "text": "You are *śābaʿtā qālôn mikkābôd*. *Šĕtēh* also you and *hēʿārēl*. *Tissôb* upon you *kôs yĕmîn YHWH* and *qîqālôn* upon *kĕbôdekā*.", "grammar": { "*śābaʿtā*": "verb, qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you are filled/satisfied", "*qālôn*": "noun, masculine, singular - shame/disgrace", "*mikkābôd*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular - from glory", "*šĕtēh*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine singular - drink", "*hēʿārēl*": "verb, niphal imperative, masculine singular - be uncircumcised/be exposed", "*tissôb*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it will surround/come around", "*kôs*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - cup of", "*yĕmîn*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - right hand of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*qîqālôn*": "noun, masculine, singular - shame/disgrace", "*kĕbôdekā*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your glory" }, "variants": { "*śābaʿtā*": "you are filled/satisfied/glutted", "*qālôn*": "shame/disgrace/dishonor", "*hēʿārēl*": "be uncircumcised/be exposed/stagger", "*tissôb*": "will turn/will surround/will come around", "*qîqālôn*": "shame/disgrace/vomit of shame" } }
• Luke 22:3-4 : 3 { "verseID": "Luke.22.3", "source": "¶Εἰσῆλθεν δὲ Σατανᾶς εἰς Ἰούδαν τὸν ἐπικαλούμενον Ἰσκαριώτην, ὄντα ἐκ τοῦ ἀριθμοῦ τῶν δώδεκα.", "text": "¶ *Eisēlthen* *de* *Satanas* into *Ioudan* the [one] *epikaloumenon* *Iskariōtēn*, *onta* from the *arithmou* of the *dōdeka*.", "grammar": { "*Eisēlthen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - entered", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and/now", "*Satanas*": "nominative masculine singular - Satan", "*Ioudan*": "accusative masculine singular - Judas", "*epikaloumenon*": "present middle/passive participle, accusative masculine singular - being called/surnamed", "*Iskariōtēn*": "accusative masculine singular - Iscariot", "*onta*": "present active participle, accusative masculine singular - being", "*arithmou*": "genitive masculine singular - number", "*dōdeka*": "genitive masculine plural - twelve" }, "variants": { "*Eisēlthen*": "entered/went into", "*epikaloumenon*": "being called/surnamed/named" } } 4 { "verseID": "Luke.22.4", "source": "Καὶ ἀπελθὼν, συνελάλησεν τοῖς ἀρχιερεῦσιν καὶ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς, τὸ πῶς αὐτὸν παραδῷ αὐτοῖς.", "text": "And *apelthōn*, *synelalēsen* to the *archiereusin* and to the *stratēgois*, the [way] *pōs* he might *paradō* him to them.", "grammar": { "*apelthōn*": "aorist active participle, nominative masculine singular - having gone away", "*synelalēsen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - he talked with/conferred", "*archiereusin*": "dative masculine plural - chief priests", "*stratēgois*": "dative masculine plural - captains/officers", "*pōs*": "interrogative adverb - how", "*paradō*": "aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular - might betray/hand over", "*autois*": "dative masculine plural - to them" }, "variants": { "*apelthōn*": "having gone away/departed", "*synelalēsen*": "talked with/conferred/discussed", "*stratēgois*": "captains/officers of the temple guard", "*paradō*": "might betray/hand over/deliver" } }
• Rom 13:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Romans.13.13", "source": "Ὡς ἐν ἡμέρᾳ· Εὐσχημόνως περιπατήσωμεν, μὴ κώμοις καὶ μέθαις, μὴ κοίταις καὶ ἀσελγείαις, μὴ ἔριδι καὶ ζήλῳ.", "text": "As in *hēmera*; *Euschēmonōs peripatēsōmen*, not in *kōmois* and *methais*, not in *koitais* and *aselgeiais*, not in *eridi* and *zēlō*.", "grammar": { "*hēmera*": "dative, feminine, singular - day", "*Euschēmonōs*": "adverb - properly/decently", "*peripatēsōmen*": "aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural - let us walk", "*kōmois*": "dative, masculine, plural - revelries/carousing", "*methais*": "dative, feminine, plural - drunkenness", "*koitais*": "dative, feminine, plural - beds/sexual immorality", "*aselgeiais*": "dative, feminine, plural - sensuality/debauchery", "*eridi*": "dative, feminine, singular - strife/quarreling", "*zēlō*": "dative, masculine, singular - jealousy/envy" }, "variants": { "*hēmera*": "day/daylight", "*Euschēmonōs*": "properly/decently/becomingly", "*peripatēsōmen*": "let us walk/conduct ourselves", "*kōmois*": "revelries/carousing/orgies", "*methais*": "drunkenness/intoxication", "*koitais*": "sexual immorality/illicit sexual activities/beds", "*aselgeiais*": "sensuality/debauchery/licentiousness", "*eridi*": "strife/quarreling/contention", "*zēlō*": "jealousy/envy/rivalry" } }
• 1 Cor 10:12 : 12 { "verseID": "1 Corinthians.10.12", "source": "Ὥστε ὁ δοκῶν ἑστάναι βλεπέτω μὴ πέσῃ.", "text": "*Hōste* the one *dokōn* *hestanai* *blepetō* not *pesē*", "grammar": { "*Hōste*": "consecutive conjunction - so that/therefore", "*dokōn*": "present participle, nominative, masculine, singular - thinking/seeming", "*hestanai*": "perfect infinitive - to stand/be standing", "*blepetō*": "present imperative, 3rd person singular - let him see/take heed", "*pesē*": "aorist subjunctive, 3rd person singular - he might fall" }, "variants": { "*dokōn*": "thinking/seeming/appearing", "*hestanai*": "to stand/be standing firmly/be established", "*blepetō*": "let him see/take heed/be careful", "*pesē*": "might fall/collapse/fail" } }
• Gal 5:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Galatians.5.21", "source": "Φθόνοι, φόνοι, μέθαι, κῶμοι, καὶ τὰ ὅμοια τούτοις: ἃ προλέγω ὑμῖν, καθὼς καὶ προεῖπον, ὅτι οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα πράσσοντες βασιλείαν Θεοῦ οὐ κληρονομήσουσιν.", "text": "*Phthonoi, phonoi, methai, kōmoi*, and the things *homoia toutois*: which I *prolegō* to you, as also I *proeipon*, that those *ta toiauta prassontes basileian Theou ou klēronomēsousin*.", "grammar": { "*Phthonoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - envy/spite", "*phonoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - murders", "*methai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - drunkenness", "*kōmoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - carousing/revelry", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*ta*": "nominative, neuter, plural article - the things", "*homoia*": "nominative, neuter, plural - similar/like", "*toutois*": "dative, neuter, plural demonstrative pronoun - to these", "*prolegō*": "present, active, indicative, 1st person singular - forewarn/tell beforehand", "*kathōs*": "adverb - as/just as", "*kai*": "adverb - also/even", "*proeipon*": "aorist, active, indicative, 1st person singular - told beforehand/predicted", "*hoti*": "conjunction - that", "*hoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural article - those", "*ta*": "accusative, neuter, plural article - the things", "*toiauta*": "accusative, neuter, plural - such/of such kind", "*prassontes*": "present, active, participle, nominative, masculine, plural - practicing/doing", "*basileian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - kingdom", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God", "*ou*": "negative particle - not", "*klēronomēsousin*": "future, active, indicative, 3rd person plural - will inherit" }, "variants": { "*Phthonoi*": "envy/spite/jealousy", "*phonoi*": "murders/killings", "*methai*": "drunkenness/intoxication", "*kōmoi*": "carousing/revelry/orgies", "*homoia*": "similar/like/resembling", "*prolegō*": "forewarn/tell beforehand/warn in advance", "*proeipon*": "told beforehand/predicted/previously said", "*toiauta*": "such/of such kind/such things", "*prassontes*": "practicing/doing/performing", "*basileian*": "kingdom/reign/rule", "*Theou*": "God/deity", "*klēronomēsousin*": "will inherit/receive as inheritance" } }
• Titus 2:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Titus.2.2", "source": "Πρεσβύτας νηφαλίους εἶναι, σεμνούς, σώφρονας, ὑγιαίνοντας τῇ πίστει, τῇ ἀγάπῃ, τῇ ὑπομονῇ.", "text": "*Presbutas nēphalious einai*, *semnous*, *sōphronas*, *hugiainontas* in the *pistei*, in the *agapē*, in the *hupomonē*.", "grammar": { "*Presbutas*": "accusative, masculine, plural - older men/elders", "*nēphalious*": "accusative, masculine, plural, adjective - sober/temperate", "*einai*": "present active infinitive - to be", "*semnous*": "accusative, masculine, plural, adjective - dignified/honorable", "*sōphronas*": "accusative, masculine, plural, adjective - self-controlled/sensible", "*hugiainontas*": "present active participle, accusative masculine plural - being sound/healthy", "*pistei*": "dative, feminine, singular - faith/belief", "*agapē*": "dative, feminine, singular - love", "*hupomonē*": "dative, feminine, singular - endurance/patience/steadfastness" }, "variants": { "*Presbutas*": "older men/aged men/elders", "*nēphalious*": "sober/temperate/vigilant", "*semnous*": "dignified/honorable/serious", "*sōphronas*": "self-controlled/sensible/prudent/temperate", "*hugiainontas*": "being sound/healthy/wholesome", "*pistei*": "faith/belief/trust", "*agapē*": "love/charity", "*hupomonē*": "endurance/patience/steadfastness/perseverance" } }
• Rev 3:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Revelation.3.18", "source": "Συμβουλεύω σοι ἀγοράσαι παρʼ ἐμοῦ χρυσίον πεπυρωμένον ἐκ πυρὸς, ἵνα πλουτήσῃς· καὶ ἱμάτια λευκὰ, ἵνα περιβάλῃ, καὶ μὴ φανερωθῇ ἡ αἰσχύνη τῆς γυμνότητός σου· καὶ κολλούριον ἐγχρῖσον τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς σου, ἵνα βλέπῃς.", "text": "*Symbouleuō* to-you *agorasai* from me *chrysion pepyrōmenon* from *pyros*, that *ploutēsēs*; and *himatia leuka*, that *peribalē*, and not *phanerōthē* the *aischynē* of-the *gymnotētos* of-you; and *kollourion enchrison* the *ophthalmous* of-you, that *blepēs*.", "grammar": { "*Symbouleuō*": "present active, 1st singular - I counsel/advise", "*agorasai*": "aorist active infinitive - to buy", "*chrysion*": "accusative, neuter, singular - gold", "*pepyrōmenon*": "perfect passive participle, accusative, neuter, singular - having been refined", "*pyros*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of fire", "*ploutēsēs*": "aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular - you might become rich", "*himatia*": "accusative, neuter, plural - garments", "*leuka*": "accusative, neuter, plural - white", "*peribalē*": "aorist middle subjunctive, 2nd singular - you might clothe yourself", "*phanerōthē*": "aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd singular - might be revealed", "*aischynē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - shame", "*gymnotētos*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of nakedness", "*kollourion*": "accusative, neuter, singular - eye-salve", "*enchrison*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd singular - anoint", "*ophthalmous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - eyes", "*blepēs*": "present active subjunctive, 2nd singular - you might see" }, "variants": { "*Symbouleuō*": "counsel/advise/recommend", "*agorasai*": "to buy/purchase", "*chrysion*": "gold/gold coin", "*pepyrōmenon*": "refined/purified/tested by fire", "*ploutēsēs*": "might become rich/wealthy", "*himatia*": "garments/clothes/robes", "*leuka*": "white/bright/pure", "*peribalē*": "might clothe yourself/put on", "*phanerōthē*": "might be revealed/exposed/made visible", "*aischynē*": "shame/disgrace/embarrassment", "*gymnotētos*": "nakedness/bareness", "*kollourion*": "eye-salve/eye medicine", "*enchrison*": "anoint/rub in/apply", "*ophthalmous*": "eyes/sight", "*blepēs*": "might see/perceive/understand" } }
• Eccl 7:20 : 20 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.7.20", "source": "כִּי אָדָם אֵין צַדִּיק בָּאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר יַעֲשֶׂה־טּוֹב וְלֹא יֶחֱטָא", "text": "*Kî* *ʾāḏām* there-is-no *ṣaddîq* in-the-*ʾāreṣ* who *yaʿăśeh*-*ṭṭôḇ* and-not *yeḥĕṭāʾ*", "grammar": { "*Kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾāḏām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person", "*ṣaddîq*": "adjective, masculine singular - righteous", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land", "*yaʿăśeh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - does", "*ṭṭôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - good", "*yeḥĕṭāʾ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - sins" }, "variants": { "*ʾāḏām*": "man/person/human being", "*ṣaddîq*": "righteous person/just individual", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground", "*yaʿăśeh*-*ṭṭôḇ*": "does good/practices good", "*yeḥĕṭāʾ*": "sins/errs/misses the mark" } }
• Gen 6:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Genesis.6.9", "source": "אֵ֚לֶּה תּוֹלְדֹ֣ת נֹ֔חַ נֹ֗חַ אִ֥ישׁ צַדִּ֛יק תָּמִ֥ים הָיָ֖ה בְּדֹֽרֹתָ֑יו אֶת־הֽ͏ָאֱלֹהִ֖ים הִֽתְהַלֶּךְ־נֹֽחַ׃", "text": "These *tôlĕdōt* *Nōaḥ* *Nōaḥ* *ʾîš* *ṣaddîq* *tāmîm* *hāyâ* in *dōrōtāyw* *ʾet*-*hā-ʾĕlōhîm* *hithallek*-*Nōaḥ*", "grammar": { "*tôlĕdōt*": "noun feminine plural construct - generations of/account of", "*Nōaḥ*": "proper noun - Noah", "*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - man", "*ṣaddîq*": "adjective masculine singular - righteous/just", "*tāmîm*": "adjective masculine singular - perfect/complete/blameless", "*hāyâ*": "qal perfect 3ms - was", "*dōrōtāyw*": "noun masculine plural + 3ms suffix with prefix preposition - in his generations", "*ʾet*": "preposition with", "*hā-ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - God", "*hithallek*": "hithpael perfect 3ms - walked", "*Nōaḥ*": "proper noun - Noah" }, "variants": { "*tôlĕdōt*": "generations/account/history", "*ṣaddîq*": "righteous/just/lawful", "*tāmîm*": "perfect/complete/blameless/whole", "*hithallek*": "walked/walked habitually/walked about" } }
• Gen 19:32-36 : 32 { "verseID": "Genesis.19.32", "source": "לְכָ֨ה נַשְׁקֶ֧ה אֶת־אָבִ֛ינוּ יַ֖יִן וְנִשְׁכְּבָ֣ה עִמּ֑וֹ וּנְחַיֶּ֥ה מֵאָבִ֖ינוּ זָֽרַע׃", "text": "*ləkâ* *našqeh* *ʾet*-*ʾābînû* *yayin* wə-*niškəbâ* with-him and-*nəḥayyeh* from-*ʾābînû* *zāraʿ*", "grammar": { "*ləkâ*": "Qal imperative feminine singular - come/go", "*našqeh*": "Hiphil imperfect 1st plural cohortative - let us make drink", "*ʾābînû*": "masculine singular noun with 1st plural suffix - our father", "*yayin*": "masculine singular noun - wine", "*niškəbâ*": "Qal imperfect 1st plural cohortative - let us lie", "*nəḥayyeh*": "Piel imperfect 1st plural cohortative - let us preserve/keep alive", "*zāraʿ*": "masculine singular noun - seed/offspring" }, "variants": { "*ləkâ*": "come/go", "*našqeh*": "let us make drink/let us give drink", "*niškəbâ* with-him": "let us lie with him/let us have relations with him", "*nəḥayyeh*": "let us preserve/let us keep alive/let us maintain", "*zāraʿ*": "seed/offspring/descendants" } } 33 { "verseID": "Genesis.19.33", "source": "וַתַּשְׁקֶ֧יןָ אֶת־אֲבִיהֶ֛ן יַ֖יִן בַּלַּ֣יְלָה ה֑וּא וַתָּבֹ֤א הַבְּכִירָה֙ וַתִּשְׁכַּ֣ב אֶת־אָבִ֔יהָ וְלֹֽא־יָדַ֥ע בְּשִׁכְבָ֖הּ וּבְקוּׄמָֽהּ׃", "text": "*wə-tašqênā* *ʾet*-*ʾăbîhen* *yayin* *ballaylāh* *hûʾ* *wə-tābōʾ* *habbəkîrāh* *wə-tiškab* *ʾet*-*ʾābîhā* *wə-lōʾ*-*yādaʿ* *bəšikbāh* *ûbəqûmāh*", "grammar": { "*wə-tašqênā*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd person feminine plural - and they made drink", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾăbîhen*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person feminine plural suffix - their father", "*yayin*": "noun, masculine singular - wine", "*ballaylāh*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the night", "*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - that", "*wə-tābōʾ*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - and she came", "*habbəkîrāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the firstborn/elder", "*wə-tiškab*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - and she lay", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾābîhā*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her father", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*yādaʿ*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he knew", "*bəšikbāh*": "preposition + infinitive construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in her lying down", "*ûbəqûmāh*": "conjunction + preposition + infinitive construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - and in her rising up" }, "variants": { "*wə-tašqênā*": "and they gave to drink/caused to drink", "*yādaʿ*": "knew/perceived/was aware of", "*bəšikbāh*": "when she lay down/her lying down", "*ûbəqûmāh*": "when she got up/her rising" } } 34 { "verseID": "Genesis.19.34", "source": "וֽ͏ַיְהִי֙ מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔ת וַתֹּ֤אמֶר הַבְּכִירָה֙ אֶל־הַצְּעִירָ֔ה הֵן־שָׁכַ֥בְתִּי אֶ֖מֶשׁ אֶת־אָבִ֑י נַשְׁקֶ֨נּוּ יַ֜יִן גַּם־הַלַּ֗יְלָה וּבֹ֙אִי֙ שִׁכְבִ֣י עִמּ֔וֹ וּנְחַיֶּ֥ה מֵאָבִ֖ינוּ זָֽרַע׃", "text": "*wə-yəhî* *mimmŏḥŏrāt* *wə-tōʾmer* *habbəkîrāh* *ʾel*-*haṣṣəʿîrāh* *hēn*-*šākabətî* *ʾemeš* *ʾet*-*ʾābî* *našqennû* *yayin* *gam*-*hallaylāh* *ûbōʾî* *šikbî* *ʿimmô* *ûnəḥayyeh* *mēʾābînû* *zāraʿ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yəhî*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and it happened", "*mimmŏḥŏrāt*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - on the next day", "*wə-tōʾmer*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - and she said", "*habbəkîrāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the firstborn/elder", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*haṣṣəʿîrāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the younger", "*hēn*": "demonstrative particle - behold/indeed", "*šākabətî*": "perfect, 1st person singular - I lay", "*ʾemeš*": "adverb - last night/yesterday", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾābî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my father", "*našqennû*": "imperfect cohortative, 1st person plural - let us make him drink", "*yayin*": "noun, masculine singular - wine", "*gam*": "adverb - also", "*hallaylāh*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the night", "*ûbōʾî*": "conjunction + imperative, feminine singular - and come", "*šikbî*": "imperative, feminine singular - lie", "*ʿimmô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - with him", "*ûnəḥayyeh*": "conjunction + imperfect cohortative, 1st person plural - and let us preserve", "*mēʾābînû*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 1st person plural suffix - from our father", "*zāraʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - seed/offspring" }, "variants": { "*mimmŏḥŏrāt*": "on the next day/on the morrow", "*hēn*": "behold/look/indeed", "*šākabətî*": "I lay down with/had intercourse with", "*našqennû*": "let us make him drink/let us give him to drink", "*ûnəḥayyeh*": "let us preserve/let us keep alive", "*zāraʿ*": "seed/offspring/descendants/posterity" } } 35 { "verseID": "Genesis.19.35", "source": "וַתַּשְׁקֶ֜יןָ גַּ֣ם בַּלַּ֧יְלָה הַה֛וּא אֶת־אֲבִיהֶ֖ן יָ֑יִן וַתָּ֤קָם הַצְּעִירָה֙ וַתִּשְׁכַּ֣ב עִמּ֔וֹ וְלֹֽא־יָדַ֥ע בְּשִׁכְבָ֖הּ וּבְקֻמָֽהּ׃", "text": "*wə-tašqênā* *gam* *ballaylāh* *hahûʾ* *ʾet*-*ʾăbîhen* *yāyin* *wə-tāqām* *haṣṣəʿîrāh* *wə-tiškab* *ʿimmô* *wə-lōʾ*-*yādaʿ* *bəšikbāh* *ûbəqumāh*", "grammar": { "*wə-tašqênā*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd person feminine plural - and they made drink", "*gam*": "adverb - also", "*ballaylāh*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the night", "*hahûʾ*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - that", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾăbîhen*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person feminine plural suffix - their father", "*yāyin*": "noun, masculine singular - wine", "*wə-tāqām*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - and she arose", "*haṣṣəʿîrāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the younger", "*wə-tiškab*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - and she lay", "*ʿimmô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - with him", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*yādaʿ*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he knew", "*bəšikbāh*": "preposition + infinitive construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in her lying down", "*ûbəqumāh*": "conjunction + preposition + infinitive construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - and in her rising up" }, "variants": { "*wə-tašqênā*": "and they gave to drink/caused to drink", "*wə-tāqām*": "and she arose/got up", "*yādaʿ*": "knew/perceived/was aware of", "*bəšikbāh*": "when she lay down/her lying down", "*ûbəqumāh*": "when she got up/her rising" } } 36 { "verseID": "Genesis.19.36", "source": "וֽ͏ַתַּהֲרֶ֛יןָ שְׁתֵּ֥י בְנֽוֹת־ל֖וֹט מֵאֲבִיהֶֽן׃", "text": "*wə-tahărênā* *štê* *bənôt*-*lôṭ* *mēʾăbîhen*", "grammar": { "*wə-tahărênā*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd person feminine plural - and they conceived", "*štê*": "numeral, feminine construct - two of", "*bənôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - daughters of", "*lôṭ*": "proper noun - Lot", "*mēʾăbîhen*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd person feminine plural suffix - from their father" }, "variants": { "*wə-tahărênā*": "and they became pregnant/they conceived" } }