7 {
"verseID": "Lamentations.1.7",
"source": "זָֽכְרָ֣ה יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם יְמֵ֤י עָנְיָהּ֙ וּמְרוּדֶ֔יהָ כֹּ֚ל מַחֲמֻדֶ֔יהָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָי֖וּ מִ֣ימֵי קֶ֑דֶם בִּנְפֹ֧ל עַמָּ֣הּ בְּיַד־צָ֗ר וְאֵ֤ין עוֹזֵר֙ לָ֔הּ רָא֣וּהָ צָרִ֔ים שָׂחֲק֖וּ עַ֥ל מִשְׁבַּתֶּֽהָ׃ ס",
"text": "*zāḵərāh* *yərûšālaim* *yəmê* her *ʿānəyāh* *û*-her *mərûḏeyhā*, all her *maḥămuddeyhā* which *hāyû* from *yəmê* *qeḏem*; when *binp̄ōl* her *ʿammāh* in *yaḏ*-*ṣār* *wə*-*ʾên* *ʿôzēr* to her; *rāʾûhā* *ṣārîm*, *śāḥăqû* upon her *mišbatteyhā*.",
"grammar": {
"*zāḵərāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she remembered",
"*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem",
"*yəmê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - days of",
"*ʿānəyāh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her affliction",
"*û*": "conjunction - and",
"*mərûḏeyhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her homelessness",
"*kōl*": "noun, construct - all of",
"*maḥămuddeyhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her precious things",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*hāyû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they were",
"*mîmê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - from days of",
"*qeḏem*": "noun, masculine singular - ancient times/old",
"*binp̄ōl*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - when falling",
"*ʿammāh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her people",
"*bəyaḏ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - in hand of",
"*ṣār*": "noun, masculine singular - adversary",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is no",
"*ʿôzēr*": "qal participle, masculine singular - helper",
"*lāh*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - to her",
"*rāʾûhā*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - they saw her",
"*ṣārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - adversaries",
"*śāḥăqû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they laughed",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon",
"*mišbatteyhā*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her cessations/downfall"
},
"variants": {
"*zāḵərāh*": "she remembered/she recalled",
"*yəmê*": "days of/times of",
"*ʿānəyāh*": "her affliction/her misery/her suffering",
"*mərûḏeyhā*": "her homelessness/her wanderings/her distress",
"*maḥămuddeyhā*": "her precious things/her desirable things/her treasures",
"*qeḏem*": "ancient times/old/formerly",
"*binp̄ōl*": "when falling/when collapsing/at the downfall of",
"*ʿammāh*": "her people/her nation",
"*ṣār*": "adversary/enemy/foe",
"*ʿôzēr*": "helper/one who aids",
"*rāʾûhā*": "they saw her/they beheld her",
"*ṣārîm*": "adversaries/enemies/foes",
"*śāḥăqû*": "they laughed/they mocked/they derided",
"*mišbatteyhā*": "her cessations/her downfall/her destruction/her ruin"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Lamentations.1.8",
"source": "חֵ֤טְא חָֽטְאָה֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם עַל־כֵּ֖ן לְנִידָ֣ה הָיָ֑תָה כָּֽל־מְכַבְּדֶ֤יהָ הִזִּיל֙וּהָ֙ כִּי־רָא֣וּ עֶרְוָתָ֔הּ גַּם־הִ֥יא נֶאֶנְחָ֖ה וַתָּ֥שָׁב אָחֽוֹר׃ ס",
"text": "*ḥēṭə* *ḥāṭəʾāh* *yərûšālaim*, upon-*kēn* to *nîḏāh* *hāyāṯāh*; all-her *məḵabbəḏeyhā* *hizzîlûhā* *kî*-*rāʾû* her *ʿerwāṯāh*; *gam*-*hîʾ* *neʾenḥāh* *wa*-*tāšāḇ* *ʾāḥôr*.",
"grammar": {
"*ḥēṭə*": "noun, masculine singular - sin",
"*ḥāṭəʾāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she sinned",
"*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/because of",
"*kēn*": "adverb - thus/so",
"*lənîḏāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - to impurity/abhorrence",
"*hāyāṯāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she became",
"*kāl*": "noun, construct - all of",
"*məḵabbəḏeyhā*": "piel participle, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her honorers",
"*hizzîlûhā*": "hifil perfect, 3rd plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - they despised her",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*rāʾû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they saw",
"*ʿerwāṯāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her nakedness",
"*gam*": "particle - also/even",
"*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular pronoun - she",
"*neʾenḥāh*": "nifal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she groaned",
"*wa*": "conjunction - and",
"*tāšāḇ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she turns back",
"*ʾāḥôr*": "adverb - backward"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥēṭə ḥāṭəʾāh*": "greatly sinned/committed grave sin",
"*nîḏāh*": "impurity/filth/abhorrence/menstrual impurity",
"*məḵabbəḏeyhā*": "her honorers/those who honored her/those who respected her",
"*hizzîlûhā*": "they despised her/they held her in contempt/they degraded her",
"*ʿerwāṯāh*": "her nakedness/her shame/her private parts",
"*neʾenḥāh*": "she groaned/she sighed/she moaned",
"*tāšāḇ ʾāḥôr*": "turns backward/retreats/withdraws"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Lamentations.1.9",
"source": "טֻמְאָתָ֣הּ בְּשׁוּלֶ֗יהָ לֹ֤א זָֽכְרָה֙ אַחֲרִיתָ֔הּ וַתֵּ֣רֶד פְּלָאִ֔ים אֵ֥ין מְנַחֵ֖ם לָ֑הּ רְאֵ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֶת־עָנְיִ֔י כִּ֥י הִגְדִּ֖יל אוֹיֵֽב׃ ס",
"text": "Her *ṭumʾāṯāh* in her *šûleyhā*, *lōʾ* *zāḵərāh* her *ʾaḥărîṯāh*, *wa*-*tēreḏ* *pəlāʾîm*; *ʾên* *mənaḥēm* to her; *rəʾēh* *YHWH* *ʾeṯ*-my *ʿānəyî*, *kî* *hiḡdîl* *ʾôyēḇ*.",
"grammar": {
"*ṭumʾāṯāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her uncleanness",
"*bəšûleyhā*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her skirts",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*zāḵərāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she remembered",
"*ʾaḥărîṯāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her end/future",
"*wa*": "conjunction - and",
"*tēreḏ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she came down",
"*pəlāʾîm*": "noun, masculine plural - wonders/astonishingly",
"*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is no",
"*mənaḥēm*": "piel participle, masculine singular - comforter",
"*lāh*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - to her",
"*rəʾēh*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - see",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*ʿānəyî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - my affliction",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*hiḡdîl*": "hifil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he magnified himself",
"*ʾôyēḇ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - enemy"
},
"variants": {
"*ṭumʾāṯāh*": "her uncleanness/her impurity/her filthiness",
"*šûleyhā*": "her skirts/her hems/her garment edges",
"*zāḵərāh*": "she remembered/she considered",
"*ʾaḥărîṯāh*": "her end/her future/her outcome",
"*tēreḏ pəlāʾîm*": "came down wonderfully/fell astonishingly/descended incredibly",
"*mənaḥēm*": "comforter/consoler",
"*rəʾēh*": "see/look/behold",
"*ʿānəyî*": "my affliction/my suffering/my misery",
"*hiḡdîl*": "magnified himself/acted proudly/boasted",
"*ʾôyēḇ*": "enemy/foe/adversary"
}
}