Ezek 31:3-9 : 3 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.31.3",
"source": "הִנֵּ֨ה אַשּׁ֜וּר אֶ֣רֶז בַּלְּבָנ֗וֹן יְפֵ֥ה עָנָ֛ף וְחֹ֥רֶשׁ מֵצַ֖ל וּגְבַ֣הּ קוֹמָ֑ה וּבֵ֣ין עֲבֹתִ֔ים הָיְתָ֖ה צַמַּרְתּֽוֹ",
"text": "*hinnēh* *ʾaššûr* *ʾerez* in the *ləḇānôn* *yəp̄ēh* *ʿānāp̄* and *ḥōreš* *mēṣal* and *ḡəḇah* *qômāh* and between *ʿăḇōtîm* *hāyətāh* *ṣamartô*",
"grammar": {
"*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look",
"*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria/Ashur",
"*ʾerez*": "noun, masculine singular - cedar",
"*ləḇānôn*": "proper noun with definite article - the Lebanon",
"*yəp̄ēh*": "adjective, masculine singular - beautiful/fair",
"*ʿānāp̄*": "noun, masculine singular - branch/bough",
"*ḥōreš*": "noun, masculine singular - thicket/wood/forest",
"*mēṣal*": "Hiphil participle - giving shade/shadowing",
"*ḡəḇah*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - high/tall",
"*qômāh*": "noun, feminine singular - height/stature",
"*ʿăḇōtîm*": "noun, masculine plural - leafy branches/thickets/cloud",
"*hāyətāh*": "qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - was/became/happened",
"*ṣamartô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its top/crown"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾaššûr*": "Assyria/Asshur/an Assyrian",
"*ḥōreš*": "thicket/wood/forest",
"*mēṣal*": "giving shade/providing shelter/shadowing",
"*ʿăḇōtîm*": "thick branches/leafy boughs/clouds/thickets",
"*ṣamartô*": "its top/its crown/its highest branch"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.31.4",
"source": "מַ֣יִם גִּדְּל֔וּהוּ תְּה֖וֹם רֹֽמְמָ֑תְהוּ אֶת־נַהֲרֹתֶ֗יהָ הֹלֵךְ֙ סְבִיב֣וֹת מַטָּעָ֔הּ וְאֶת־תְּעָלֹתֶ֣יהָ שִׁלְחָ֔ה אֶ֖ל כָּל־עֲצֵ֥י הַשָּׂדֶֽה",
"text": "*mayim* *giddəlûhû* *təhôm* *rômməmātəhû* *ʾet-nahărōtêhā* *hōlēk* *səḇîḇôt* *maṭṭāʿāh* and *ʾet-təʿālōtêhā* *šilḥāh* to all *ʿăṣê* the *śādeh*",
"grammar": {
"*mayim*": "noun, masculine plural - waters",
"*giddəlûhû*": "piel perfect 3rd common plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - they made it grow",
"*təhôm*": "noun, feminine singular - deep/abyss/primeval ocean",
"*rômməmātəhû*": "polel perfect 3rd feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - she exalted him/raised him up",
"*ʾet-nahărōtêhā*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her rivers",
"*hōlēk*": "qal participle, masculine singular - going/flowing",
"*səḇîḇôt*": "preposition, construct - around/surrounding",
"*maṭṭāʿāh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her planting place",
"*ʾet-təʿālōtêhā*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her channels/conduits",
"*šilḥāh*": "piel perfect 3rd feminine singular - she sent out",
"*ʿăṣê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - trees of",
"*śādeh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the field"
},
"variants": {
"*təhôm*": "deep/abyss/primeval ocean/deep waters",
"*maṭṭāʿāh*": "her planting place/her plantation/the place where it was planted",
"*təʿālōtêhā*": "her channels/her conduits/her irrigation streams",
"*śādeh*": "field/open country/land"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.31.5",
"source": "עַל־כֵּן֙ גָּבְהָ֣א קֹמָת֔וֹ מִכֹּ֖ל עֲצֵ֣י הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה וַתִּרְבֶּ֨ינָה סַֽרְעַפֹּתָ֜יו וַתֶּאֱרַ֧כְנָה *פארתו **פֹארֹתָ֛יו מִמַּ֥יִם רַבִּ֖ים בְּשַׁלְּחֽוֹ",
"text": "Upon *kēn* *gāḇəhāʾ* *qōmātô* more than all *ʿăṣê* the *śādeh* and *wattirbênāh* *sarʿappōtāyw* and *watteʾĕraknāh* *pōʾrōtāyw* from *mayim* *rabbîm* in *bəšalləḥô*",
"grammar": {
"*kēn*": "adverb - thus/so/therefore",
"*gāḇəhāʾ*": "qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - was high/was exalted",
"*qōmātô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his height/stature",
"*ʿăṣê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - trees of",
"*śādeh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the field",
"*wattirbênāh*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd feminine plural - and they multiplied/increased",
"*sarʿappōtāyw*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his branches/boughs",
"*watteʾĕraknāh*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd feminine plural - and they grew long/extended",
"*pōʾrōtāyw*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his branches/shoots/boughs",
"*mayim*": "noun, masculine plural - waters",
"*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - many/abundant/great",
"*bəšalləḥô*": "preposition + piel infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his sending out/extending"
},
"variants": {
"*sarʿappōtāyw*": "his branches/his boughs/his shoots",
"*pōʾrōtāyw*": "his branches/his foliage/his boughs",
"*bəšalləḥô*": "in his sending out/in his spreading/in his extending"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.31.6",
"source": "בִּסְעַפֹּתָ֤יו קִֽנְנוּ֙ כָּל־ע֣וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְתַ֤חַת פֹּֽארֹתָיו֙ יָֽלְד֔וּ כֹּ֖ל חַיַּ֣ת הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה וּבְצִלּוֹ֙ יֵֽשְׁב֔וּ כֹּ֖ל גּוֹיִ֥ם רַבִּֽים",
"text": "In *bisʿappōtāyw* *qinnənû* all *ʿôp̄* the *šāmayim* and under *pōʾrōtāyw* *yāldû* all *ḥayyat* the *śādeh* and in *ḇəṣillô* *yēšḇû* all *gôyim* *rabbîm*",
"grammar": {
"*bisʿappōtāyw*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his branches",
"*qinnənû*": "piel perfect 3rd common plural - they nested/made nests",
"*ʿôp̄*": "noun, masculine singular construct - birds of",
"*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the heavens/sky",
"*pōʾrōtāyw*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his branches/boughs",
"*yāldû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they gave birth/brought forth young",
"*ḥayyat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - living things/beasts of",
"*śādeh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the field",
"*ḇəṣillô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his shadow/shade",
"*yēšḇû*": "qal imperfect 3rd common plural - they dwelt/sat/remained",
"*gôyim*": "noun, masculine plural - nations/peoples",
"*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - many/great/numerous"
},
"variants": {
"*bisʿappōtāyw*": "in his branches/in his boughs/among his limbs",
"*qinnənû*": "they nested/they made nests",
"*yāldû*": "they gave birth/they bore young/they were born"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.31.7",
"source": "וַיְּיִ֣ף בְּגָדְל֔וֹ בְּאֹ֖רֶךְ דָּֽלִיּוֹתָ֑יו כִּֽי־הָיָ֥ה שָׁרְשׁ֖וֹ אֶל־מַ֥יִם רַבִּֽים",
"text": "And *wayyîp̄* in *ḡādlô* in *ʾōrek* *dāliyyôtāyw* for *hāyāh* *šāršô* to *mayim* *rabbîm*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyîp̄*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he was beautiful/fair",
"*ḡādlô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his greatness/size",
"*ʾōrek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - length of",
"*dāliyyôtāyw*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his branches/boughs",
"*hāyāh*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - was/became",
"*šāršô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his root",
"*mayim*": "noun, masculine plural - waters",
"*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - many/abundant/great"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyîp̄*": "and he was beautiful/and he was fair/and he was splendid",
"*ḡādlô*": "his greatness/his magnitude/his large size",
"*dāliyyôtāyw*": "his branches/his shoots/his boughs"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.31.8",
"source": "אֲרָזִ֣ים לֹֽא־עֲמָמֻהוּ֮ בְּגַן־אֱלֹהִים֒ בְּרוֹשִׁ֗ים לֹ֤א דָמוּ֙ אֶל־סְעַפֹּתָ֔יו וְעַרְמֹנִ֥ים לֹֽא־הָי֖וּ כְּפֹֽארֹתָ֑יו כָּל־עֵץ֙ בְּגַן־אֱלֹהִ֔ים לֹא־דָמָ֥ה אֵלָ֖יו בְּיָפְיֽוֹ",
"text": "*ʾărāzîm* not *ʿămāmuhû* in *gan-ʾĕlōhîm* *bərôšîm* not *dāmû* to *səʿappōtāyw* and *ʿarmōnîm* not *hāyû* like *pōʾrōtāyw* all *ʿēṣ* in *gan-ʾĕlōhîm* not *dāmāh* to him in *yāp̄yô*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾărāzîm*": "noun, masculine plural - cedars",
"*ʿămāmuhû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - they dimmed/hid/surpassed",
"*gan-ʾĕlōhîm*": "construct chain - garden of God",
"*bərôšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - cypresses/firs",
"*dāmû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they resembled/were like",
"*səʿappōtāyw*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his branches/boughs",
"*ʿarmōnîm*": "noun, masculine plural - plane trees/chestnut trees",
"*hāyû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they were",
"*pōʾrōtāyw*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his branches/boughs",
"*ʿēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - tree",
"*dāmāh*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - it resembled/was like",
"*yāp̄yô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his beauty"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿămāmuhû*": "they dimmed him/they equaled him/they surpassed him/they rivaled him",
"*bərôšîm*": "cypresses/firs/junipers",
"*ʿarmōnîm*": "plane trees/chestnut trees/box trees",
"*dāmāh*": "resembled/compared to/was like"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.31.9",
"source": "יָפֶ֣ה עֲשִׂיתִ֔יו בְּרֹ֖ב דָּֽלִיּוֹתָ֑יו וַיְקַנְאֻ֙הוּ֙ כָּל־עֲצֵי־עֵ֔דֶן אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּגַ֥ן הָאֱלֹהִֽים",
"text": "*yāp̄eh* *ʿăśîtîw* with *rōḇ* *dāliyyôtāyw* and *wayəqanʾuhû* all *ʿăṣê-ʿēden* which in *gan* the *ʾĕlōhîm*",
"grammar": {
"*yāp̄eh*": "adjective, masculine singular - beautiful/fair",
"*ʿăśîtîw*": "qal perfect 1st common singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - I made him",
"*rōḇ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - multitude/abundance of",
"*dāliyyôtāyw*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his branches/boughs",
"*wayəqanʾuhû*": "conjunction + piel imperfect 3rd common plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and they envied him",
"*ʿăṣê-ʿēden*": "construct chain - trees of Eden",
"*gan*": "noun, masculine singular construct - garden of",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the God/gods"
},
"variants": {
"*yāp̄eh*": "beautiful/fair/handsome",
"*ʿăśîtîw*": "I made him/I created him/I fashioned him",
"*wayəqanʾuhû*": "and they envied him/and they were jealous of him",
"*ʿăṣê-ʿēden*": "trees of Eden/trees of pleasure/trees of the garden of delight"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.31.10",
"source": "לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה יַ֕עַן אֲשֶׁ֥ר גָּבַ֖הְתָּ בְּקוֹמָ֑ה וַיִּתֵּ֤ן צַמַּרְתּוֹ֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ין עֲבוֹתִ֔ים וְרָ֥ם לְבָב֖וֹ בְּגָבְהֽוֹ",
"text": "Therefore *kōh* *ʾāmar* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* because which *gāḇahtā* in *qômāh* and *wayyittēn* *ṣammartô* to between *ʿăḇôtîm* and *rām* *ləḇāḇô* in *ḡāḇəhô*",
"grammar": {
"*kōh*": "adverb - thus/so",
"*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he said",
"*ʾădōnāy*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st common singular suffix - my Lord",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*gāḇahtā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you were high/exalted",
"*qômāh*": "noun, feminine singular - height/stature",
"*wayyittēn*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he gave/placed",
"*ṣammartô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his top/crown",
"*ʿăḇôtîm*": "noun, masculine plural - leafy branches/thick clouds",
"*rām*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - was high/exalted",
"*ləḇāḇô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his heart",
"*ḡāḇəhô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his height/exaltation"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾādōnāy*": "my Lord/Lord/sovereign",
"*gāḇahtā*": "you were high/you were exalted/you were lofty",
"*ṣammartô*": "his top/his crown/his highest point",
"*ʿăḇôtîm*": "thick branches/leafy boughs/clouds/thickets",
"*rām*": "was high/was lifted up/was exalted"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.31.11",
"source": "וְאֶ֨תְּנֵ֔הוּ בְּיַ֖ד אֵ֣יל גּוֹיִ֑ם עָשׂ֤וֹ יַֽעֲשֶׂה֙ ל֔וֹ כְּרִשְׁע֖וֹ גֵּרַשְׁתִּֽהוּ",
"text": "And *wəʾettənēhû* in *yad* *ʾêl* *gôyim* *ʿāśô* *yaʿăśeh* to him according to *rišʿô* *gērašətîhû*",
"grammar": {
"*wəʾettənēhû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 1st common singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and I will give him",
"*yad*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hand of",
"*ʾêl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mighty one of/ruler of",
"*gôyim*": "noun, masculine plural - nations/peoples",
"*ʿāśô*": "qal infinitive absolute - doing/surely",
"*yaʿăśeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will do",
"*rišʿô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wickedness",
"*gērašətîhû*": "piel perfect 1st common singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - I drove him out/expelled him"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾêl*": "mighty one/ruler/ram/powerful one",
"*ʿāśô yaʿăśeh*": "he will surely do/he will certainly do/doing he will do",
"*rišʿô*": "his wickedness/his evil/his wrongdoing"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.31.12",
"source": "וַיִּכְרְתֻ֧הוּ זָרִ֛ים עָרִיצֵ֥י גוֹיִ֖ם וַֽיִּטְּשֻׁ֑הוּ אֶל־הֶ֠הָרִים וּבְכָל־גֵּ֨אָי֜וֹת נָפְל֣וּ דָלִיּוֹתָ֗יו וַתִּשָּׁבַ֤רְנָה פֹֽארֹתָיו֙ בְּכֹל֙ אֲפִיקֵ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ וַיֵּרְד֧וּ מִצִּלּ֛וֹ כָּל־עַמֵּ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ וַֽיִּטְּשֻֽׁהוּ",
"text": "And *wayyikrətuhû* *zārîm* *ʿārîṣê* *gôyim* and *wayyiṭṭəšuhû* to the *hehārîm* and in all *gēʾāyôt* *nāp̄əlû* *dāliyyôtāyw* and *wattissāḇarnāh* *p̄ōʾrōtāyw* in all *ʾăp̄îqê* the *ʾāreṣ* and *wayyērədû* from *ṣillô* all *ʿammê* the *ʾāreṣ* and *wayyiṭṭəšuhû*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyikrətuhû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and they cut him down",
"*zārîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - strangers/foreigners",
"*ʿārîṣê*": "adjective, masculine plural construct - terrible/ruthless ones of",
"*gôyim*": "noun, masculine plural - nations/peoples",
"*wayyiṭṭəšuhû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and they abandoned him",
"*hehārîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the mountains",
"*gēʾāyôt*": "noun, feminine plural - valleys",
"*nāp̄əlû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they fell",
"*dāliyyôtāyw*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his branches",
"*wattissāḇarnāh*": "conjunction + niphal imperfect 3rd feminine plural - and they were broken",
"*p̄ōʾrōtāyw*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his boughs",
"*ʾăp̄îqê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - channels/ravines of",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land",
"*wayyērədû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they went down",
"*ṣillô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his shadow",
"*ʿammê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - peoples of",
"*wayyiṭṭəšuhû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and they abandoned him"
},
"variants": {
"*zārîm*": "strangers/foreigners/aliens",
"*ʿārîṣê*": "terrible ones of/ruthless ones of/tyrants of",
"*wayyiṭṭəšuhû*": "and they abandoned him/and they cast him down/and they left him",
"*ʾăp̄îqê*": "channels of/ravines of/streambeds of"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.31.13",
"source": "עַל־מַפַּלְתּ֥וֹ יִשְׁכְּנ֖וּ כָּל־ע֣וֹף הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְאֶל־פֹּארֹתָ֣יו הָי֔וּ כֹּ֖ל חַיַּ֥ת הַשָּׂדֶֽה",
"text": "Upon *mappalətô* *yiškənû* all *ʿôp̄* the *šāmayim* and upon *pōʾrōtāyw* *hāyû* all *ḥayyat* the *śādeh*",
"grammar": {
"*mappalətô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his fallen trunk/ruin",
"*yiškənû*": "qal imperfect 3rd common plural - they will dwell/settle",
"*ʿôp̄*": "noun, masculine singular construct - birds of",
"*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the heavens",
"*pōʾrōtāyw*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his boughs",
"*hāyû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they were",
"*ḥayyat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - living things/beasts of",
"*śādeh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the field"
},
"variants": {
"*mappalətô*": "his fallen trunk/his ruin/his fallen body",
"*yiškənû*": "they will dwell/they will settle/they will rest",
"*pōʾrōtāyw*": "his boughs/his branches/his fallen branches"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.31.14",
"source": "לְמַ֡עַן אֲשֶׁר֩ לֹא־יִגְבְּה֨וּ בְקוֹמָתָ֜ם כָּל־עֲצֵי־מַ֗יִם וְלֹֽא־יִתְּנ֤וּ אֶת־צַמַּרְתָּם֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ין עֲבֹתִ֔ים וְלֹֽא־יַעַמְד֧וּ אֵלֵיהֶ֛ם בְּגָבְהָ֖ם כָּל־שֹׁ֣תֵי מָ֑יִם כִּֽי־כֻלָּם֩ נִתְּנ֨וּ לַמָּ֜וֶת אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ תַּחְתִּ֗ית בְּת֛וֹךְ בְּנֵ֥י אָדָ֖ם אֶל־י֥וֹרְדֵי בֽוֹר",
"text": "In order that *ʾăšer* not *yigbəhû* in *qômātām* all *ʿăṣê-mayim* and not *yittənû* *ʾet-ṣammartām* to between *ʿăḇōtîm* and not *yaʿamdû* to them in *ḡāḇhām* all *šōtê* *māyim* for *kullām* *nittənû* to the *māwet* to *ʾereṣ* *taḥtît* in midst *bənê* *ʾādām* to *yôrədê* *ḇôr*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/that",
"*yigbəhû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will be high/exalted",
"*qômātām*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their height/stature",
"*ʿăṣê-mayim*": "construct chain - trees of water",
"*yittənû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will set/place",
"*ʾet-ṣammartām*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their top/crown",
"*ʿăḇōtîm*": "noun, masculine plural - leafy branches/thick clouds",
"*yaʿamdû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will stand",
"*ḡāḇhām*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their height",
"*šōtê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - drinkers of",
"*māyim*": "noun, masculine plural - water",
"*kullām*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - all of them",
"*nittənû*": "niphal perfect 3rd common plural - they are given/consigned",
"*māwet*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the death",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of",
"*taḥtît*": "adjective, feminine singular - lower/nether",
"*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of",
"*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/humanity",
"*yôrədê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - those going down to",
"*ḇôr*": "noun, masculine singular - pit/grave"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿăṣê-mayim*": "trees of water/well-watered trees",
"*ʾet-ṣammartām*": "their top/their crown/their highest point",
"*ʿăḇōtîm*": "thick branches/leafy boughs/clouds/thickets",
"*šōtê māyim*": "drinkers of water/well-watered ones",
"*ʾereṣ taḥtît*": "lower land/netherworld/underworld"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.31.15",
"source": "כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה בְּי֨וֹם רִדְתּ֤וֹ שְׁא֙וֹלָה֙ הֶאֱבַ֜לְתִּי כִּסֵּ֤תִי עָלָיו֙ אֶת־תְּה֔וֹם וָֽאֶמְנַע֙ נַהֲרוֹתֶ֔יהָ וַיִּכָּלְא֖וּ מַ֣יִם רַבִּ֑ים וָאַקְדִּ֤ר עָלָיו֙ לְבָנ֔וֹן וְכָל־עֲצֵ֥י הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה עָלָ֥יו עֻלְפֶּֽה",
"text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* in day *ridtô* *šəʾôlāh* *heʾĕḇaltî* I covered over him *ʾet-təhôm* and *wāʾemnaʿ* *nahărôtêhā* and *wayyikkāləʾû* *mayim* *rabbîm* and *wāʾaqdir* over him *ləḇānôn* and all *ʿăṣê* the *śādeh* over him *ʿulpeh*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he said",
"*ʾădōnāy*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st common singular suffix - my Lord",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*ridtô*": "qal infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his going down",
"*šəʾôlāh*": "noun, feminine singular with directional he - to Sheol",
"*heʾĕḇaltî*": "hiphil perfect 1st common singular - I caused mourning",
"*ʾet-təhôm*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular - the deep",
"*wāʾemnaʿ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 1st common singular - and I restrained",
"*nahărôtêhā*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her rivers",
"*wayyikkāləʾû*": "conjunction + niphal imperfect 3rd common plural - and they were restrained",
"*mayim*": "noun, masculine plural - waters",
"*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - many/abundant",
"*wāʾaqdir*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 1st common singular - and I caused darkness",
"*ləḇānôn*": "proper noun - Lebanon",
"*ʿăṣê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - trees of",
"*śādeh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the field",
"*ʿulpeh*": "pual perfect 3rd masculine singular - was fainted/mourned"
},
"variants": {
"*ridtô šəʾôlāh*": "his going down to Sheol/his descent to the grave/his going to the underworld",
"*heʾĕḇaltî*": "I caused mourning/I made to mourn/I had mourned",
"*wāʾemnaʿ*": "and I restrained/and I withheld/and I held back",
"*wāʾaqdir*": "and I darkened/and I clothed in darkness/and I caused mourning for",
"*ʿulpeh*": "were faint/languished/wilted/mourned"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.31.16",
"source": "מִקּ֤וֹל מַפַּלְתּוֹ֙ הִרְעַ֣שְׁתִּי גוֹיִ֔ם בְּהוֹרִדִ֥י אֹת֛וֹ שְׁא֖וֹלָה אֶת־י֣וֹרְדֵי ב֑וֹר וַיִּנָּ֨חֲמ֜וּ בְּאֶ֤רֶץ תַּחְתִּית֙ כָּל־עֲצֵי־עֵ֔דֶן מִבְחַ֥ר וְטוֹב־לְבָנ֖וֹן כָּל־שֹׁ֥תֵי מָֽיִם",
"text": "From *qôl* *mappalətô* *hirʿaštî* *gôyim* in *hôrîdî* *ʾōtô* *šəʾôlāh* *ʾet-yôrədê* *ḇôr* and *wayyinnāḥămû* in *ʾereṣ* *taḥtît* all *ʿăṣê-ʿēden* *miḇḥar* and *ṭôḇ-ləḇānôn* all *šōtê* *māyim*",
"grammar": {
"*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - sound of",
"*mappalətô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his fall",
"*hirʿaštî*": "hiphil perfect 1st common singular - I caused to shake/tremble",
"*gôyim*": "noun, masculine plural - nations",
"*hôrîdî*": "hiphil infinitive construct with 1st common singular suffix - my bringing down",
"*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine singular suffix - him",
"*šəʾôlāh*": "noun, feminine singular with directional he - to Sheol",
"*ʾet-yôrədê*": "direct object marker + qal participle, masculine plural construct - those who go down to",
"*ḇôr*": "noun, masculine singular - pit/grave",
"*wayyinnāḥămû*": "conjunction + niphal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they were comforted",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of",
"*taḥtît*": "adjective, feminine singular - lower/nether",
"*ʿăṣê-ʿēden*": "construct chain - trees of Eden",
"*miḇḥar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - choice of",
"*ṭôḇ-ləḇānôn*": "construct chain - good of Lebanon",
"*šōtê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - drinkers of",
"*māyim*": "noun, masculine plural - water"
},
"variants": {
"*mappalətô*": "his fall/his ruin/his downfall",
"*hirʿaštî*": "I caused to shake/I made to tremble/I made quake",
"*wayyinnāḥămû*": "and they were comforted/and they consoled themselves/and they were relieved",
"*ʾereṣ taḥtît*": "lower land/netherworld/underworld",
"*miḇḥar wəṭôḇ-ləḇānôn*": "choice and good of Lebanon/the select and best of Lebanon"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.31.17",
"source": "גַּם־הֵ֗ם אִתּ֛וֹ יָרְד֥וּ שְׁא֖וֹלָה אֶל־חַלְלֵי־חָ֑רֶב וּזְרֹע֛וֹ יָשְׁב֥וּ בְצִלּ֖וֹ בְּת֥וֹךְ גּוֹיִֽם",
"text": "Also *hēm* with him *yārədû* *šəʾôlāh* to *ḥalǝlê-ḥāreḇ* and *zərōʿô* *yāšḇû* in *ḇəṣillô* in midst *gôyim*",
"grammar": {
"*hēm*": "3rd masculine plural pronoun - they",
"*yārədû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they went down",
"*šəʾôlāh*": "noun, feminine singular with directional he - to Sheol",
"*ḥalǝlê-ḥāreḇ*": "construct chain - slain of sword",
"*zərōʿô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his arm/strength",
"*yāšḇû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they dwelt/sat",
"*ḇəṣillô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his shadow",
"*gôyim*": "noun, masculine plural - nations"
},
"variants": {
"*yārədû šəʾôlāh*": "they went down to Sheol/they descended to the grave/they went to the underworld",
"*ḥalǝlê-ḥāreḇ*": "slain of sword/those pierced by sword/victims of sword",
"*zərōʿô*": "his arm/his strength/his helpers/those who were his strength",
"*ḇəṣillô*": "in his shadow/under his protection/in his shade"
}
}