1{
"verseID": "Joshua.5.1",
"source": "וַיְהִ֣י כִשְׁמֹ֣עַ כָּל־מַלְכֵ֣י הָאֱמֹרִ֡י אֲשֶׁר֩ בְּעֵ֨בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֜ן יָ֗מָּה וְכָל־מַלְכֵ֤י הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַיָּ֔ם אֵ֠ת אֲשֶׁר־הוֹבִ֨ישׁ יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־מֵ֧י הַיַּרְדֵּ֛ן מִפְּנֵ֥י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַד־עָבְרָ֑ם וַיִּמַּ֣ס לְבָבָ֗ם וְלֹא־הָ֨יָה בָ֥ם עוֹד֙ ר֔וּחַ מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃",
"text": "And *wayəhî* when *kišəmōʿa* all *malkê* *hāʾĕmōrî* who were in *ʿēber* the *yarrədēn* *yāmmâ* and all *malkê* *hakkənaʿănî* who were on the *yām*, *ʾēt* that *hôbîš* *YHWH* *ʾet* waters of the *yarrədēn* from before *bənê-yiśrāʾēl* until *ʿāḇrām*, and *wayyimmas* their *ləḇāḇām* and not *hāyâ* in them further *rûaḥ* from before *bənê-yiśrāʾēl*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayəhî*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masc. singular qal imperfect 'to be' - and it came to pass",
"*kišəmōʿa*": "preposition + infinitive construct of 'to hear' - when hearing",
"*malkê*": "construct masculine plural of 'king' - kings of",
"*hāʾĕmōrî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Amorite",
"*ʿēber*": "noun, masculine singular construct - region across/beyond",
"*yarrədēn*": "proper noun - Jordan (river)",
"*yāmmâ*": "noun + directional suffix - westward/seaward",
"*hakkənaʿănî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Canaanite",
"*yām*": "noun, masculine singular - sea",
"*ʾēt*": "direct object marker",
"*hôbîš*": "3rd masculine singular hiphil perfect - dried up/made dry",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh",
"*bənê-yiśrāʾēl*": "construct chain - sons of Israel",
"*ʿāḇrām*": "infinitive construct with 3rd plural suffix - their crossing",
"*wayyimmas*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular niphal imperfect - and it melted",
"*ləḇāḇām*": "noun masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their heart",
"*hāyâ*": "3rd masculine singular qal perfect - was/existed",
"*rûaḥ*": "noun feminine singular - spirit/breath/courage"
},
"variants": {
"*wayəhî*": "and it happened/and it came to pass",
"*kišəmōʿa*": "when hearing/as they heard",
"*ʿēber*": "region across/beyond/side",
"*yāmmâ*": "westward/toward the sea",
"*hôbîš*": "dried up/made dry/caused to be dry",
"*wayyimmas*": "melted/dissolved/became discouraged",
"*ləḇāḇām*": "their heart/inner being/mind",
"*rûaḥ*": "spirit/breath/courage/resolve"
}
}
2{
"verseID": "Joshua.5.2",
"source": "בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֗יא אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ עֲשֵׂ֥ה לְךָ֖ חַֽרְב֣וֹת צֻרִ֑ים וְשׁ֛וּב מֹ֥ל אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל שֵׁנִֽית׃",
"text": "In *ʿēṯ* that *hahîʾ* *ʾāmar* *YHWH* to *yəhôšuaʿ*, *ʿăśê* for yourself *ḥarḇôṯ* *ṣurîm* and *šûḇ* *mōl* *ʾeṯ* *bənê-yiśrāʾēl* a second time.",
"grammar": {
"*ʿēṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - time of",
"*hahîʾ*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun feminine singular - that",
"*ʾāmar*": "3rd masculine singular qal perfect - said/spoke",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh",
"*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*ʿăśê*": "2nd masculine singular qal imperative - make/do",
"*ḥarḇôṯ*": "noun feminine plural construct - knives of",
"*ṣurîm*": "noun masculine plural - flints/rocks",
"*šûḇ*": "2nd masculine singular qal imperative - return/again",
"*mōl*": "2nd masculine singular qal imperative - circumcise",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*bənê-yiśrāʾēl*": "construct chain - sons of Israel",
"*šēnîṯ*": "adverb - second time/again"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿēṯ*": "time/occasion",
"*ʾāmar*": "said/spoke/commanded",
"*ʿăśê*": "make/fashion/prepare",
"*ḥarḇôṯ*": "knives/sharp implements",
"*ṣurîm*": "flints/rocks/sharp stones",
"*šûḇ*": "return/again/once more",
"*mōl*": "circumcise/cut"
}
}
3{
"verseID": "Joshua.5.3",
"source": "וַיַּעַשׂ־ל֥וֹ יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ חַֽרְב֣וֹת צֻרִ֑ים וַיָּ֙מָל֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶל־גִּבְעַ֖ת הָעֲרָלֽוֹת׃",
"text": "And *wayyaʿaś* for himself *yəhôšuaʿ* *ḥarḇôṯ* *ṣurîm* and *wayyāmāl* *ʾeṯ* *bənê* *yiśrāʾēl* at *giḇʿaṯ* *hāʿărālôṯ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyaʿaś*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular qal imperfect - and he made",
"*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*ḥarḇôṯ*": "noun feminine plural construct - knives of",
"*ṣurîm*": "noun masculine plural - flints/rocks",
"*wayyāmāl*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular qal imperfect - and he circumcised",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*giḇʿaṯ*": "noun feminine singular construct - hill of",
"*hāʿărālôṯ*": "definite article + noun feminine plural - the foreskins"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyaʿaś*": "and he made/prepared/fashioned",
"*ḥarḇôṯ*": "knives/sharp implements",
"*ṣurîm*": "flints/rocks/sharp stones",
"*wayyāmāl*": "and he circumcised/cut",
"*giḇʿaṯ*": "hill of/height of",
"*hāʿărālôṯ*": "the foreskins/prepuces"
}
}
4{
"verseID": "Joshua.5.4",
"source": "וְזֶ֥ה הַדָּבָ֖ר אֲשֶׁר־מָ֣ל יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ כָּל־הָעָ֣ם הַיֹּצֵא֩ מִמִּצְרַ֨יִם הַזְּכָרִ֜ים כֹּ֣ל ׀ אַנְשֵׁ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה מֵ֤תוּ בַמִּדְבָּר֙ בַּדֶּ֔רֶךְ בְּצֵאתָ֖ם מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃",
"text": "And this is *haddāḇār* which *māl* *yəhôšuaʿ*: All *hāʿām* *hayyōṣēʾ* from *miṣrayim*, *hazzəḵārîm*, all *ʾanšê* *hammilḥāmâ*, *mēṯû* in *hammiḏbār* in *hadderek* when they came out from *miṣrāyim*.",
"grammar": {
"*haddāḇār*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the thing/matter/reason",
"*māl*": "3rd masculine singular qal perfect - circumcised",
"*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*hāʿām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the people",
"*hayyōṣēʾ*": "definite article + participle masculine singular qal - the one coming out",
"*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*hazzəḵārîm*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - the males",
"*ʾanšê*": "noun masculine plural construct - men of",
"*hammilḥāmâ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the war/battle",
"*mēṯû*": "3rd common plural qal perfect - they died",
"*hammiḏbār*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the wilderness",
"*hadderek*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the way/road",
"*bəṣēʾṯām*": "preposition + infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their coming out"
},
"variants": {
"*haddāḇār*": "the thing/matter/reason/cause",
"*māl*": "circumcised/cut",
"*hāʿām*": "the people/nation/folk",
"*hayyōṣēʾ*": "the one coming out/exiting/departing",
"*hazzəḵārîm*": "the males/men",
"*ʾanšê*": "men of/warriors of",
"*hammilḥāmâ*": "the war/battle/fighting",
"*mēṯû*": "they died/perished",
"*hammiḏbār*": "the wilderness/desert",
"*hadderek*": "the way/road/journey"
}
}
5{
"verseID": "Joshua.5.5",
"source": "כִּֽי־מֻלִ֣ים הָי֔וּ כָּל־הָעָ֖ם הַיֹּֽצְאִ֑ים וְכָל־הָ֠עָם הַיִּלֹּדִ֨ים בַּמִּדְבָּ֥ר בַּדֶּ֛רֶךְ בְּצֵאתָ֥ם מִמִּצְרַ֖יִם לֹא־מָֽלוּ׃",
"text": "For *mulîm* *hāyû* all *hāʿām* *hayyōṣəʾîm*, and all *hāʿām* *hayyillōḏîm* in *hammiḏbār* in *hadderek* when they came out from *miṣrayim* not *mālû*.",
"grammar": {
"*mulîm*": "passive participle masculine plural qal - circumcised",
"*hāyû*": "3rd common plural qal perfect - they were",
"*hāʿām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the people",
"*hayyōṣəʾîm*": "definite article + participle masculine plural qal - the ones coming out",
"*hayyillōḏîm*": "definite article + participle masculine plural niphal - the ones being born",
"*hammiḏbār*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the wilderness",
"*hadderek*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the way/road",
"*bəṣēʾṯām*": "preposition + infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their coming out",
"*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*mālû*": "3rd common plural qal perfect - they circumcised"
},
"variants": {
"*mulîm*": "circumcised ones/cut ones",
"*hāyû*": "they were/they had been",
"*hāʿām*": "the people/nation/folk",
"*hayyōṣəʾîm*": "the ones coming out/exiting/departing",
"*hayyillōḏîm*": "the ones being born/the ones birthed",
"*hammiḏbār*": "the wilderness/desert",
"*hadderek*": "the way/road/journey",
"*mālû*": "they circumcised/they cut"
}
}
6{
"verseID": "Joshua.5.6",
"source": "כִּ֣י ׀ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֗ה הָלְכ֣וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֮ בַּמִּדְבָּר֒ עַד־תֹּ֨ם כָּל־הַגּ֜וֹי אַנְשֵׁ֤י הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ הַיֹּצְאִ֣ים מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־שָׁמְע֖וּ בְּק֣וֹל יְהוָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִשְׁבַּ֤ע יְהוָה֙ לָהֶ֔ם לְבִלְתִּ֞י הַרְאוֹתָ֣ם אֶת־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֩ נִשְׁבַּ֨ע יְהוָ֤ה לֽ͏ַאֲבוֹתָם֙ לָ֣תֶת לָ֔נוּ אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָֽשׁ׃",
"text": "For *ʾarbāʿîm* *šānâ* *hāləḵû* *bənê-yiśrāʾēl* in *hammiḏbār* until *tōm* all *haggôy* *ʾanšê* *hammilḥāmâ* *hayyōṣəʾîm* from *miṣrayim* who not *šāməʿû* to *qôl* *YHWH*, who *nišbaʿ* *YHWH* to them to not *harʾôṯām* *ʾeṯ* *hāʾāreṣ* which *nišbaʿ* *YHWH* to *ʾăḇôṯām* to give to us, *ʾereṣ* *zāḇaṯ* *ḥālāḇ* *ûḏəḇāš*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾarbāʿîm*": "cardinal number - forty",
"*šānâ*": "noun feminine singular - year",
"*hāləḵû*": "3rd common plural qal perfect - they walked",
"*bənê-yiśrāʾēl*": "construct chain - sons of Israel",
"*hammiḏbār*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the wilderness",
"*tōm*": "infinitive construct - completion of",
"*haggôy*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the nation",
"*ʾanšê*": "noun masculine plural construct - men of",
"*hammilḥāmâ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the war/battle",
"*hayyōṣəʾîm*": "definite article + participle masculine plural qal - the ones coming out",
"*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*šāməʿû*": "3rd common plural qal perfect - they listened/obeyed",
"*qôl*": "noun masculine singular construct - voice of",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh",
"*nišbaʿ*": "3rd masculine singular niphal perfect - he swore",
"*harʾôṯām*": "hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to show them",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the land",
"*ʾăḇôṯām*": "noun masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their fathers",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun feminine singular construct - land of",
"*zāḇaṯ*": "qal participle feminine singular construct - flowing with",
"*ḥālāḇ*": "noun masculine singular - milk",
"*ûḏəḇāš*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular - and honey"
},
"variants": {
"*hāləḵû*": "they walked/traveled/journeyed",
"*tōm*": "completion/end/finishing",
"*haggôy*": "the nation/people/community",
"*ʾanšê*": "men of/warriors of",
"*hammilḥāmâ*": "the war/battle/fighting",
"*hayyōṣəʾîm*": "the ones coming out/exiting/departing",
"*šāməʿû*": "they listened/heard/obeyed",
"*qôl*": "voice/sound/command",
"*nišbaʿ*": "he swore/promised/took an oath",
"*harʾôṯām*": "to show them/to cause them to see",
"*hāʾāreṣ*": "the land/earth/ground",
"*ʾăḇôṯām*": "their fathers/ancestors/forefathers",
"*zāḇaṯ*": "flowing with/oozing with",
"*ḥālāḇ*": "milk/dairy",
"*ûḏəḇāš*": "and honey/sweetness"
}
}
7{
"verseID": "Joshua.5.7",
"source": "וְאֶת־בְּנֵיהֶם֙ הֵקִ֣ים תַּחְתָּ֔ם אֹתָ֖ם מָ֣ל יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ כִּי־עֲרֵלִ֣ים הָי֔וּ כִּ֛י לֹא־מָ֥לוּ אוֹתָ֖ם בַּדָּֽרֶךְ׃",
"text": "And *ʾeṯ* their sons, *hēqîm* in their place, them *māl* *yəhôšuaʿ* for *ʿărēlîm* *hāyû* because not *mālû* them in *haddārek*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*bənêhem*": "noun masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their sons",
"*hēqîm*": "3rd masculine singular hiphil perfect - he raised up",
"*taḥtām*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their place",
"*ʾōṯām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them",
"*māl*": "3rd masculine singular qal perfect - circumcised",
"*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*ʿărēlîm*": "adjective masculine plural - uncircumcised",
"*hāyû*": "3rd common plural qal perfect - they were",
"*mālû*": "3rd common plural qal perfect - they circumcised",
"*ʾôṯām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them",
"*baddārek*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - in the way"
},
"variants": {
"*hēqîm*": "he raised up/established/appointed",
"*taḥtām*": "in their place/instead of them/in their stead",
"*māl*": "circumcised/cut",
"*ʿărēlîm*": "uncircumcised ones/those with foreskins",
"*hāyû*": "they were/they had been",
"*mālû*": "they circumcised/they cut",
"*baddārek*": "in the way/on the journey/during travel"
}
}