Joshua 5:9

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Joshua.5.9", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ הַיּ֗וֹם גַּלּ֛וֹתִי אֶת־חֶרְפַּ֥ת מִצְרַ֖יִם מֵעֲלֵיכֶ֑ם וַיִּקְרָ֞א שֵׁ֣ם הַמָּק֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ גִּלְגָּ֔ל עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *YHWH* to *yəhôšuaʿ*, *hayyôm* *gallôṯî* *ʾeṯ* *ḥerpaṯ* *miṣrayim* from upon you. And *wayyiqrāʾ* *šēm* *hammāqôm* *hahûʾ* *gilgāl* until *hayyôm* *hazzeh*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular qal imperfect - and he said", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*hayyôm*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the day", "*gallôṯî*": "1st common singular qal perfect - I have rolled away", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ḥerpaṯ*": "noun feminine singular construct - reproach of", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*mēʿălêḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - from upon you", "*wayyiqrāʾ*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular qal imperfect - and he called", "*šēm*": "noun masculine singular construct - name of", "*hammāqôm*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the place", "*hahûʾ*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun masculine singular - that", "*gilgāl*": "proper noun - Gilgal", "*hayyôm*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the day", "*hazzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun masculine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "and he said/spoke/declared", "*hayyôm*": "today/this day", "*gallôṯî*": "I have rolled away/removed/taken away", "*ḥerpaṯ*": "reproach/disgrace/shame", "*mēʿălêḵem*": "from upon you/from you", "*wayyiqrāʾ*": "and he called/named/pronounced", "*šēm*": "name/reputation/character", "*hammāqôm*": "the place/location/site", "*gilgāl*": "Gilgal/Rolling" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ הַיּ֗וֹם גַּלּ֛וֹתִי אֶת־חֶרְפַּ֥ת מִצְרַ֖יִם מֵעֲלֵיכֶ֑ם וַיִּקְרָ֞א שֵׁ֣ם הַמָּק֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ גִּלְגָּ֔ל עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃

Transliteration

And wayyōʾmer YHWH to yəhôšuaʿ, hayyôm gallôṯî ʾeṯ ḥerpaṯ miṣrayim from upon you. And wayyiqrāʾ šēm hammāqôm hahûʾ gilgāl until hayyôm hazzeh.

Grammar Details

• *wayyōʾmer*: waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular qal imperfect - and he said
• *YHWH*: divine name - LORD/Yahweh
• *yəhôšuaʿ*: proper noun - Joshua
• *hayyôm*: definite article + noun masculine singular - the day
• *gallôṯî*: 1st common singular qal perfect - I have rolled away
• *ʾeṯ*: direct object marker
• *ḥerpaṯ*: noun feminine singular construct - reproach of
• *miṣrayim*: proper noun - Egypt
• *mēʿălêḵem*: preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - from upon you
• *wayyiqrāʾ*: waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular qal imperfect - and he called
• *šēm*: noun masculine singular construct - name of
• *hammāqôm*: definite article + noun masculine singular - the place
• *hahûʾ*: definite article + demonstrative pronoun masculine singular - that
• *gilgāl*: proper noun - Gilgal
• *hazzeh*: definite article + demonstrative pronoun masculine singular - this

Word Meanings

• *wayyōʾmer*: and he said/spoke/declared
• *hayyôm*: today/this day
• *gallôṯî*: I have rolled away/removed/taken away
• *ḥerpaṯ*: reproach/disgrace/shame
• *mēʿălêḵem*: from upon you/from you
• *wayyiqrāʾ*: and he called/named/pronounced
• *šēm*: name/reputation/character
• *hammāqôm*: the place/location/site
• *gilgāl*: Gilgal/Rolling

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Then the LORD said to Joshua, "Today I have rolled away the reproach of Egypt from you." So the place has been called Gilgal to this day.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And the LORD said unto hua, This day have I rolled away the reproach of Egypt from off you. Wherefore the name of the place is called Gilgal unto this day.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And the LORD said to Joshua, This day have I rolled away the reproach of Egypt from off you. Therefore the name of the place is called Gilgal to this day.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And the LORD said unto Joshua, This day have I rolled away the reproach of Egypt from off you. Wherefore the name of the place is called Gilgal unto this day.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And Jehovah{H3068} said{H559} unto Joshua,{H3091} This day{H3117} have I rolled away{H1556} the reproach{H2781} of Egypt{H4714} from off you. Wherefore the name{H8034} of that place{H4725} was called{H7121} Gilgal,{H1537} unto this day.{H3117}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And the LORD{H3068} said{H559}{(H8799)} unto Joshua{H3091}, This day{H3117} have I rolled away{H1556}{(H8804)} the reproach{H2781} of Egypt{H4714} from off you. Wherefore the name{H8034} of the place{H4725} is called{H7121}{(H8799)} Gilgal{H1537} unto this day{H3117}.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  And ye LORDE saide vnto Iosua: To daie haue I turned ye shame of Egipte awaye from you, & the same place was called Gilgall vnto this daye.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  After, the Lord said vnto Ioshua, This day I haue taken away the shame of Egypt from you: wherefore he called the name of that place Gilgal, vnto this day.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And the Lorde sayde vnto Iosuah: This day haue I taken away the shame of Egypt from you: wherefore the name of the same place is called Gilgal, vnto this day.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And the LORD said unto Joshua, This day have I rolled away the reproach of Egypt from off you. Wherefore the name of the place is called Gilgal unto this day.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Yahweh said to Joshua, This day have I rolled away the reproach of Egypt from off you. Therefore the name of that place was called Gilgal, to this day.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  and Jehovah saith unto Joshua, `To-day I have rolled the reproach of Egypt from off you;' and `one' calleth the name of that place Gilgal unto this day.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And Jehovah said unto Joshua, This day have I rolled away the reproach of Egypt from off you. Wherefore the name of that place was called Gilgal, unto this day.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And Jehovah said unto Joshua, This day have I rolled away the reproach of Egypt from off you. Wherefore the name of that place was called Gilgal, unto this day.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And the Lord said to Joshua, Today the shame of Egypt has been rolled away from you. So that place was named Gilgal, to this day.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Yahweh said to Joshua, "Today I have rolled away the reproach of Egypt from off you." Therefore the name of that place was called Gilgal, to this day.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  The LORD said to Joshua,“Today I have taken away the disgrace of Egypt from you.” So that place is called Gilgal even to this day.

Referenced Verses

• Josh 4:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Joshua.4.19", "source": "וְהָעָ֗ם עָלוּ֙ מִן־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן בֶּעָשׂ֖וֹר לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֑וֹן וַֽיַּחֲנוּ֙ בַּגִּלְגָּ֔ל בִּקְצֵ֖ה מִזְרַ֥ח יְרִיחֽוֹ׃", "text": "And the *wə-hā-ʿām* came up *ʿālû* from *min* the *ha-yardên* on tenth *be-ʿāśôr* of the *la-ḥōdeš* the *hā-riʾšôn* and encamped *wa-yyaḥănû* in the *ba-ggilgāl* in border of *bi-qṣēh* east *mizraḥ* *yᵊrîḥô*", "grammar": { "*wə-hā-ʿām*": "conjunction + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the people", "*ʿālû*": "perfect 3rd common plural - came up", "*min*": "preposition - from", "*ha-yardên*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jordan", "*be-ʿāśôr*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - on tenth", "*la-ḥōdeš*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - of the month", "*hā-riʾšôn*": "definite article + ordinal number masculine singular - the first", "*wa-yyaḥănû*": "conjunction + imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they encamped", "*ba-ggilgāl*": "preposition + definite article + proper noun - in the Gilgal", "*bi-qṣēh*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - in border/edge of", "*mizraḥ*": "masculine singular construct - east of", "*yᵊrîḥô*": "proper noun - Jericho" }, "variants": { "*ʿālāh*": "come up/ascend/go up", "*ʿāśôr*": "tenth/tenth day", "*ḥōdeš*": "month/new moon", "*riʾšôn*": "first/primary/beginning", "*ḥānāh*": "encamp/camp/pitch", "*qāṣeh*": "border/edge/end", "*mizraḥ*": "east/sunrise direction" } }
• Gen 34:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Genesis.34.14", "source": "וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם לֹ֤א נוּכַל֙ לַעֲשׂוֹת֙ הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה לָתֵת֙ אֶת־אֲחֹתֵ֔נוּ לְאִ֖ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־ל֣וֹ עָרְלָ֑ה כִּֽי־חֶרְפָּ֥ה הִ֖וא לָֽנוּ׃", "text": "*wayyōʾmǝrû* *ʾălêhem* *lōʾ* *nûkal* *laʿăśôt* *haddābār* *hazzeh* *lātēt* *ʾet*-*ʾăḥōtēnû* *lǝʾîš* *ʾăšer*-*lô* *ʿārlāh* *kî*-*ḥerpāh* *hîʾ* *lānû*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmǝrû*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they said", "*ʾălêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*nûkal*": "qal imperfect, 1st person plural - we are able", "*laʿăśôt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to do", "*haddābār*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the thing", "*hazzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*lātēt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to give", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾăḥōtēnû*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 1st person plural suffix - our sister", "*lǝʾîš*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - to a man", "*ʾăšer*-*lô*": "relative pronoun + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - who has", "*ʿārlāh*": "noun, feminine singular - foreskin", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ḥerpāh*": "noun, feminine singular - reproach/disgrace", "*hîʾ*": "personal pronoun, 3rd feminine singular - it", "*lānû*": "preposition + 1st person plural suffix - to us" }, "variants": { "*nûkal*": "we are able/can/could", "*ʿārlāh*": "foreskin/uncircumcision", "*ḥerpāh*": "reproach/disgrace/shame/insult" } }
• Lev 24:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Leviticus.24.14", "source": "הוֹצֵ֣א אֶת־הַֽמְקַלֵּ֗ל אֶל־מִחוּץ֙ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וְסָמְכ֧וּ כָֽל־הַשֹּׁמְעִ֛ים אֶת־יְדֵיהֶ֖ם עַל־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ וְרָגְמ֥וּ אֹת֖וֹ כָּל־הָעֵדָֽה׃", "text": "*hôṣēʾ ʾet-haməqallēl ʾel-miḥûṣ lammaḥăneh wəsāməkû kol-haššōməʿîm ʾet-yədêhem ʿal-rōʾšô wərāgəmû ʾōtô kol-hāʿēdāh*", "grammar": { "*hôṣēʾ*": "Hiphil imperative, 2nd masculine singular - bring out/lead forth", "*ʾet-haməqallēl*": "direct object marker + definite article + Piel participle, masculine singular - the one cursing", "*ʾel-miḥûṣ*": "preposition + preposition - to outside of", "*lammaḥăneh*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - to the camp", "*wəsāməkû*": "waw conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - and shall lay/press", "*kol-haššōməʿîm*": "noun, masculine singular construct + definite article + Qal participle, masculine plural - all the hearers/those who heard", "*ʾet-yədêhem*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their hands", "*ʿal-rōʾšô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - upon his head", "*wərāgəmû*": "waw conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - and shall stone", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine singular suffix - him", "*kol-hāʿēdāh*": "noun, masculine singular construct + definite article + noun, feminine singular - all the congregation" }, "variants": { "*hôṣēʾ*": "bring out/lead forth/take out", "*haməqallēl*": "the one who cursed/blasphemed/reviled", "*miḥûṣ lammaḥăneh*": "outside the camp/beyond the encampment", "*wəsāməkû*": "lay/press/support", "*haššōməʿîm*": "those who heard/the hearers/the witnesses", "*wərāgəmû*": "stone/throw stones at", "*hāʿēdāh*": "congregation/assembly/community" } }
• Josh 24:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Joshua.24.14", "source": "וְעַתָּ֞ה יְר֧אוּ אֶת־יְהוָ֛ה וְעִבְד֥וּ אֹת֖וֹ בְּתָמִ֣ים וּבֶֽאֱמֶ֑ת וְהָסִ֣ירוּ אֶת־אֱלֹהִ֗ים אֲשֶׁר֩ עָבְד֨וּ אֲבוֹתֵיכֶ֜ם בְּעֵ֤בֶר הַנָּהָר֙ וּבְמִצְרַ֔יִם וְעִבְד֖וּ אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*wə-ʿattāh* *yərʾû* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *wə-ʿibdû* *ʾōtô* *bə-tāmîm* *û-be-ʾĕmet* *wə-hāsîrû* *ʾet*-*ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăšer* *ʿābdû* *ʾăbôtêkem* *bə-ʿēber* *ha-nāhār* *û-bə-miṣrayim* *wə-ʿibdû* *ʾet*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʿattāh*": "conjunction + adverb - and now", "*yərʾû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - fear/revere", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*YHWH*": "divine name, tetragrammaton", "*wə-ʿibdû*": "conjunction + qal imperative, masculine plural - and serve", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - him", "*bə-tāmîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - in completeness/integrity", "*û-be-ʾĕmet*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine singular - and in truth", "*wə-hāsîrû*": "conjunction + hiphil imperative, masculine plural - and remove/put away", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - gods", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/that", "*ʿābdû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they served", "*ʾăbôtêkem*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your fathers", "*bə-ʿēber*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in beyond/across", "*ha-nāhār*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the river", "*û-bə-miṣrayim*": "conjunction + preposition + proper noun - and in Egypt", "*wə-ʿibdû*": "conjunction + qal imperative, masculine plural - and serve" }, "variants": { "*yərʾû*": "fear/revere/be in awe of", "*bə-tāmîm*": "in completeness/integrity/perfection/wholeness", "*ʾĕmet*": "truth/faithfulness/reliability", "*hāsîrû*": "remove/put away/turn aside", "*ʿēber ha-nāhār*": "beyond the river/Mesopotamia/Euphrates region" } }
• 1 Sam 14:6 : 6 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.14.6", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹנָתָ֜ן אֶל־הַנַּ֣עַר ׀ נֹשֵׂ֣א כֵלָ֗יו לְכָה֙ וְנַעְבְּרָ֗ה אֶל־מַצַּב֙ הָעֲרֵלִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה אוּלַ֛י יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה לָ֑נוּ כִּ֣י אֵ֤ין לַֽיהוָה֙ מַעְצ֔וֹר לְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַ בְּרַ֖ב א֥וֹ בִמְעָֽט׃", "text": "And-*wayyōʾmer* *Yəhônātān* to-the-*naʿar* *nōśēʾ* *kēlāyw*: *ləkāh* and-*wənaʿbərāh* to-*maṣṣab* the-*ʿărēlîm* the-these; *ʾûlay* *yaʿăśeh* *YHWH* for-us, because nothing for-*YHWH* *maʿṣôr* to-*ləhôšîaʿ* with-*rab* or with-*məʿāṭ*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*Yəhônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan", "*naʿar*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the young man/servant", "*nōśēʾ*": "participle, masculine singular construct - bearer/carrier of", "*kēlāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his weapons/equipment", "*ləkāh*": "imperative, masculine singular - come/go", "*wənaʿbərāh*": "waw-consecutive cohortative, 1st common plural - and let us cross over", "*maṣṣab*": "noun, masculine singular construct - garrison/outpost of", "*ʿărēlîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the uncircumcised", "*ʾûlay*": "adverb - perhaps", "*yaʿăśeh*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal - he will act/work", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*maʿṣôr*": "noun, masculine singular - restraint/hindrance", "*ləhôšîaʿ*": "infinitive construct, Hiphil - to save/deliver", "*rab*": "adjective, masculine singular - many/much", "*məʿāṭ*": "adjective, masculine singular - few/little" }, "variants": { "*naʿar*": "young man/servant/attendant", "*nōśēʾ kēlāyw*": "armor-bearer/weapon-carrier", "*ləkāh*": "come!/go!", "*wənaʿbərāh*": "let us cross over/let us go over", "*maṣṣab*": "garrison/outpost/station", "*ʿărēlîm*": "uncircumcised ones/Philistines (derogatory)", "*ʾûlay*": "perhaps/maybe/possibly", "*yaʿăśeh*": "will act/will work/will do", "*maʿṣôr*": "restraint/hindrance/limitation" } }
• 1 Sam 17:26 : 26 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.26", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֗ד אֶֽל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֞ים הָעֹמְדִ֣ים עִמּוֹ֮ לֵאמֹר֒ מַה־יֵּעָשֶׂ֗ה לָאִישׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יַכֶּה֙ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֣י הַלָּ֔ז וְהֵסִ֥יר חֶרְפָּ֖ה מֵעַ֣ל יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּ֣י מִ֗י הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֤י הֶֽעָרֵל֙ הַזֶּ֔ה כִּ֣י חֵרֵ֔ף מַעַרְכ֖וֹת אֱלֹהִ֥ים חַיִּֽים׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *dāwid* *ʾel* *hā-ʾănāšîm* *hā-ʿōmədîm* *ʿimmô* *lēʾmōr* *mah* *yēʿāśeh* *lā-ʾîš* *ʾăšer* *yakkeh* *ʾet* *ha-pəlištî* *ha-llāz* *wə-hēsîr* *ḥerpâ* *mēʿal* *yiśrāʾēl* *kî* *mî* *ha-pəlištî* *he-ʿārēl* *ha-zeh* *kî* *ḥērēp* *maʿarkôt* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ḥayyîm*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*hā-ʾănāšîm*": "definite article + noun mp - the men", "*hā-ʿōmədîm*": "definite article + qal participle mp - the ones standing", "*ʿimmô*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - with him", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*mah*": "interrogative - what", "*yēʿāśeh*": "niphal imperfect 3ms - will be done", "*lā-ʾîš*": "preposition + definite article + noun ms - to the man", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who", "*yakkeh*": "hiphil imperfect 3ms - will strike", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ha-pəlištî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective ms - the Philistine", "*ha-llāz*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun ms - this", "*wə-hēsîr*": "waw conjunction + hiphil perfect 3ms - and removes", "*ḥerpâ*": "noun fs - reproach", "*mēʿal*": "preposition + preposition - from upon", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who", "*ha-pəlištî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective ms - the Philistine", "*he-ʿārēl*": "definite article + adjective ms - the uncircumcised", "*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun ms - this", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/that", "*ḥērēp*": "piel perfect 3ms - he has reproached", "*maʿarkôt*": "noun fp construct - ranks of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun mp - God", "*ḥayyîm*": "adjective mp - living" }, "variants": { "*ha-llāz*": "this/that one/yonder one", "*hēsîr ḥerpâ*": "remove reproach/take away disgrace", "*he-ʿārēl*": "the uncircumcised/the unclean", "*ḥērēp*": "reproached/taunted/defied", "*maʿarkôt ʾĕlōhîm ḥayyîm*": "ranks of the living God/battle lines of the living God/armies of the living God" } }
• 1 Sam 17:36 : 36 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.36", "source": "גַּ֧ם אֶֽת־הָאֲרִ֛י גַּם־הַדּ֖וֹב הִכָּ֣ה עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ וְֽ֠הָיָה הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֨י הֶעָרֵ֤ל הַזֶּה֙ כְּאַחַ֣ד מֵהֶ֔ם כִּ֣י חֵרֵ֔ף מַעַרְכֹ֖ת אֱלֹהִ֥ים חַיִּֽים׃ ס", "text": "Both *ʾet*-the-*ʾărî* also-the-*dôb* *hikkâ* *ʿabdekā*; and-*hāyâ* the-*pəlištî* the-*ʿārēl* the-*zeh* like-one of-them, for *ḥērēp* *maʿarkôt* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ḥayyîm*. *s*", "grammar": { "*ʾărî*": "noun, masculine singular - lion", "*dôb*": "noun, masculine singular - bear", "*hikkâ*": "3rd masculine singular Hiphil perfect of *nkh* - he struck", "*ʿabdekā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servant", "*hāyâ*": "3rd masculine singular Qal perfect with waw consecutive - and he will be", "*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine", "*ʿārēl*": "adjective, masculine singular - uncircumcised", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*ḥērēp*": "3rd masculine singular Piel perfect of *ḥrp* - he reproached/defied", "*maʿarkôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - ranks/battle lines", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God", "*ḥayyîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - living", "*s*": "section marker in Hebrew text" }, "variants": { "*ʾărî*": "lion/predator", "*dôb*": "bear/predator", "*hikkâ*": "struck/killed/attacked", "*ʿārēl*": "uncircumcised/defiled/outsider", "*ḥērēp*": "defied/reproached/taunted", "*maʿarkôt*": "ranks/battle lines/armies", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine being", "*ḥayyîm*": "living/alive" } }
• Ps 119:39 : 39 { "verseID": "Psalms.119.39", "source": "הַעֲבֵ֣ר חֶ֭רְפָּתִי אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָגֹ֑רְתִּי כִּ֖י מִשְׁפָּטֶ֣יךָ טוֹבִֽים׃", "text": "*haʿăḇēr* *ḥerpāṯî* which *yāḡōrtî* for *mišpāṭeyḵā* *ṭôḇîm*", "grammar": { "*haʿăḇēr*": "hiphil imperative masculine singular - take away/remove", "*ḥerpāṯî*": "feminine singular noun + 1st person singular suffix - my reproach", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*yāḡōrtî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I fear/dread", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*mišpāṭeyḵā*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your judgments", "*ṭôḇîm*": "masculine plural adjective - good" }, "variants": { "*haʿăḇēr*": "take away/remove/avert", "*ḥerpāṯî*": "my reproach/my disgrace/my shame", "*yāḡōrtî*": "I fear/I dread/I am afraid of" } }
• Jer 9:25 : 25 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.9.25", "source": "עַל־מִצְרַ֣יִם וְעַל־יְהוּדָ֗ה וְעַל־אֱד֞וֹם וְעַל־בְּנֵ֤י עַמּוֹן֙ וְעַל־מוֹאָ֔ב וְעַל֙ כָּל־קְצוּצֵ֣י פֵאָ֔ה הַיֹּשְׁבִ֖ים בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר כִּ֤י כָל־הַגּוֹיִם֙ עֲרֵלִ֔ים וְכָל־בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַרְלֵי־לֵֽב׃", "text": "Upon-*miṣrayim* and-upon-*yĕhûdāh* and-upon-*'ĕdôm* and-upon-*bĕnê* *'ammôn* and-upon-*mô'āb* and-upon-all-*qĕṣûṣê* *pē'āh* the-*yōšĕbîm* in-the-*midbār* *kî* all-the-*gôyîm* *'ărēlîm* and-all-*bêt* *yiśrā'ēl* *'arlê*-*lēb*", "grammar": { "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun with prefixed preposition - upon Egypt", "*yĕhûdāh*": "proper noun with prefixed preposition - and upon Judah", "*'ĕdôm*": "proper noun with prefixed preposition - and upon Edom", "*bĕnê*": "masculine plural noun, construct state with prefixed preposition - and upon sons of", "*'ammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon", "*mô'āb*": "proper noun with prefixed preposition - and upon Moab", "*qĕṣûṣê*": "passive participle, masculine plural, construct state with prefixed preposition - and upon all those cutting", "*pē'āh*": "feminine noun - corner/side", "*yōšĕbîm*": "participle, masculine plural with definite article - the ones dwelling", "*midbār*": "masculine noun with prefixed preposition - in the wilderness", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*gôyîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the nations", "*'ărēlîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - uncircumcised", "*bêt*": "masculine noun, construct state - house of", "*yiśrā'ēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*'arlê*": "adjective, masculine plural, construct state - uncircumcised of", "*lēb*": "masculine noun - heart" }, "variants": { "*qĕṣûṣê pē'āh*": "those who cut the corners [of their hair]/those with trimmed edges/those with hair clipped at the temples", "*yōšĕbîm*": "those dwelling/living/inhabiting", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land", "*'ărēlîm*": "uncircumcised/unclean/impure", "*'arlê-lēb*": "uncircumcised of heart/stubborn/unreceptive" } }
• Ezek 20:7-8 : 7 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.7", "source": "וָאֹמַ֣ר אֲלֵהֶ֗ם אִ֣ישׁ שִׁקּוּצֵ֤י עֵינָיו֙ הַשְׁלִ֔יכוּ וּבְגִלּוּלֵ֥י מִצְרַ֖יִם אַל־תִּטַּמָּ֑אוּ אֲנִ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "And-*wāʾōmar* to-them, *ʾîš* *šiqqûṣê* *ʿênāyw* *hašlîkû* and-with-*gillûlê* *miṣrayim* *ʾal*-*tiṭṭammāʾû*; I *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkem*.", "grammar": { "*wāʾōmar*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect, 1st singular - and I said", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - each/each man", "*šiqqûṣê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - detestable things of", "*ʿênāyw*": "noun, feminine dual with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his eyes", "*hašlîkû*": "verb, hiphil imperative, masculine plural - cast away", "*gillûlê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - idols of", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*ʾal*": "negative particle - do not", "*tiṭṭammāʾû*": "verb, hitpael imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - defile yourselves", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your God" }, "variants": { "*ʾîš*": "each man/each one", "*šiqqûṣê*": "detestable things/abominations/idols", "*hašlîkû*": "cast away/throw away/abandon", "*gillûlê*": "idols/dung idols/dung pellets (derogatory term)", "*tiṭṭammāʾû*": "defile yourselves/make yourselves unclean" } } 8 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.8", "source": "וַיַּמְרוּ־בִ֗י וְלֹ֤א אָבוּ֙ לִשְׁמֹ֣עַ אֵלַ֔י אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־שִׁקּוּצֵ֤י עֵֽינֵיהֶם֙ לֹ֣א הִשְׁלִ֔יכוּ וְאֶת־גִּלּוּלֵ֥י מִצְרַ֖יִם לֹ֣א עָזָ֑בוּ וָאֹמַ֞ר לִשְׁפֹּ֧ךְ חֲמָתִ֣י עֲלֵיהֶ֗ם לְכַלּ֤וֹת אַפִּי֙ בָּהֶ֔ם בְּת֖וֹךְ אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "And-*wayyamrû*-against-me and-not *ʾābû* *lišmōaʿ* to-me; *ʾîš* *ʾet*-*šiqqûṣê* *ʿênêhem* not *hišlîkû* and-*ʾet*-*gillûlê* *miṣrayim* not *ʿāzābû*; and-*wāʾōmar* *lišpōk* *ḥămātî* upon-them *lĕkallôt* *ʾappî* against-them in-*tôk* *ʾereṣ* *miṣrāyim*.", "grammar": { "*wayyamrû*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect, 3rd plural - and they rebelled", "*ʾābû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd plural - they were willing", "*lišmōaʿ*": "preposition with qal infinitive construct - to listen/hear", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - each/each man", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*šiqqûṣê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - detestable things of", "*ʿênêhem*": "noun, feminine dual with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their eyes", "*hišlîkû*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 3rd plural - they cast away", "*gillûlê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - idols of", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*ʿāzābû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd plural - they forsook", "*wāʾōmar*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect, 1st singular - and I said", "*lišpōk*": "preposition with qal infinitive construct - to pour out", "*ḥămātî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my wrath", "*lĕkallôt*": "preposition with piel infinitive construct - to complete/finish", "*ʾappî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my anger", "*tôk*": "noun, masculine singular construct - midst of", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt" }, "variants": { "*wayyamrû*": "and they rebelled/and they were disobedient/and they were defiant", "*ʾābû*": "they were willing/they consented/they agreed", "*lišmōaʿ*": "to listen/to hear/to obey", "*šiqqûṣê*": "detestable things/abominations/idols", "*hišlîkû*": "they cast away/they threw away/they abandoned", "*ʿāzābû*": "they forsook/they abandoned/they left", "*lišpōk* *ḥămātî*": "to pour out my wrath (idiom for punishment)", "*lĕkallôt* *ʾappî*": "to spend my anger/to exhaust my fury" } }
• Ezek 23:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.3", "source": "וַתִּזְנֶ֣ינָה בְמִצְרַ֔יִם בִּנְעוּרֵיהֶ֖ן זָנ֑וּ שָׁ֚מָּה מֹעֲכ֣וּ שְׁדֵיהֶ֔ן וְשָׁ֣ם עִשּׂ֔וּ דַּדֵּ֖י בְּתוּלֵיהֶֽן׃", "text": "And *wattiznênā* in *miṣrayim* in *binəʿûrêhen* *zānû* there *mōʿăkû* *šədêhen* and there *ʿiśśû* *daddê* *bətûlêhen*", "grammar": { "*wattiznênā*": "3rd plural feminine waw-consecutive imperfect of *zānâ* - and they played the whore/committed fornication", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*binəʿûrêhen*": "preposition + plural noun + 3rd plural feminine suffix - in their youth", "*zānû*": "3rd plural Qal perfect of *zānâ* - they played the whore", "*mōʿăkû*": "3rd plural masculine Qal perfect - they pressed/squeezed/handled", "*šədêhen*": "plural construct noun + 3rd plural feminine suffix - their breasts", "*ʿiśśû*": "3rd plural Piel perfect - they handled/squeezed/pressed", "*daddê*": "plural construct - breasts of", "*bətûlêhen*": "plural noun + 3rd plural feminine suffix - their virginity/maidenhood" }, "variants": { "*zānâ*": "to commit fornication/play the harlot/be unfaithful", "*mōʿăkû*": "to press/handle/squeeze", "*daddê*": "breasts/love/affection", "*bətûlêhen*": "their virginity/maidenhood/youth" } }
• Ezek 23:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.8", "source": "וְאֶת־תַּזְנוּתֶ֤יהָ מִמִּצְרַ֙יִם֙ לֹ֣א עָזָ֔בָה כִּ֤י אוֹתָהּ֙ שָׁכְב֣וּ בִנְעוּרֶ֔יהָ וְהֵ֥מָּה עִשּׂ֖וּ דַּדֵּ֣י בְתוּלֶ֑יהָ וַיִּשְׁפְּכ֥וּ תַזְנוּתָ֖ם עָלֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "And *ʾet*-*taznûtêhā* from *miṣrayim* not *ʿāzāḇâ* for *ʾôtāh* *šāḵəḇû* in *ḇinəʿûrêhā* and they *ʿiśśû* *daddê* *ḇətûlêhā* and *wayyišpəḵû* *taznûtām* upon her", "grammar": { "*ʾet*-*taznûtêhā*": "direct object marker + plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her harlotries", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*ʿāzāḇâ*": "3rd feminine singular Qal perfect - she abandoned/left", "*ʾôtāh*": "direct object + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her/with her", "*šāḵəḇû*": "3rd plural Qal perfect - they lay/slept with", "*ḇinəʿûrêhā*": "preposition + plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her youth", "*ʿiśśû*": "3rd plural Piel perfect - they handled/pressed", "*daddê*": "plural construct - breasts of", "*ḇətûlêhā*": "plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her virginity/maidenhood", "*wayyišpəḵû*": "3rd plural masculine waw-consecutive imperfect of *šāpaḵ* - and they poured out", "*taznûtām*": "plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their fornication" }, "variants": { "*ʿāzāḇâ*": "she left/abandoned/forsook", "*šāḵəḇû*": "they lay with/slept with/had sexual relations with", "*daddê*": "breasts/love/affection", "*šāpaḵ*": "to pour out/spill", "*taznûtām*": "their fornication/harlotry/prostitution" } }
• Eph 2:11-12 : 11 { "verseID": "Ephesians.2.11", "source": "Διὸ μνημονεύετε, ὅτι ὑμεῖς ποτὲ τὰ Ἔθνη ἐν σαρκί, οἱ λεγόμενοι Ἀκροβυστία ὑπὸ τῆς λεγομένης Περιτομῆς ἐν σαρκὶ χειροποιήτου·", "text": "Therefore *mnēmoneuete*, that you *pote* the *Ethnē* in *sarki*, the ones *legomenoi* *Akrobystia* by the ones *legomenēs* *Peritomēs* in *sarki* *cheiropoiētou*", "grammar": { "*mnēmoneuete*": "present active imperative, 2nd person plural - remember/keep in mind", "*pote*": "adverb - once/formerly", "*Ethnē*": "nominative/accusative plural neuter - Gentiles/nations", "*sarki*": "dative singular feminine - flesh/body", "*legomenoi*": "present passive participle, nominative plural masculine - being called", "*Akrobystia*": "nominative singular feminine - uncircumcision/foreskin", "*legomenēs*": "present passive participle, genitive singular feminine - being called", "*Peritomēs*": "genitive singular feminine - circumcision", "*cheiropoiētou*": "genitive singular feminine - made by hands/human-made" }, "variants": { "*mnēmoneuete*": "remember/keep in mind/recall", "*Ethnē*": "Gentiles/nations/non-Jews", "*sarki*": "flesh/body/physical existence", "*legomenoi*": "being called/named/designated", "*Akrobystia*": "uncircumcision/foreskin/uncircumcised ones", "*Peritomēs*": "circumcision/circumcised ones", "*cheiropoiētou*": "made by hands/human-made/manufactured" } } 12 { "verseID": "Ephesians.2.12", "source": "Ὅτι ἦτε ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ χωρὶς Χριστοῦ, ἀπηλλοτριωμένοι τῆς πολιτείας τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ, καὶ ξένοι τῶν διαθηκῶν τῆς ἐπαγγελίας, ἐλπίδα μὴ ἔχοντες, καὶ ἄθεοι ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ:", "text": "That you were in the *kairō* *ekeinō* without *Christou*, *apēllotriōmenoi* of the *politeias* of the *Israēl*, and *xenoi* of the *diathēkōn* of the *epangelias*, *elpida* not *echontes*, and *atheoi* in the *kosmō*", "grammar": { "*kairō*": "dative singular masculine - time/season/opportunity", "*ekeinō*": "dative singular masculine - that/remote", "*Christou*": "genitive singular masculine - Christ/Anointed One", "*apēllotriōmenoi*": "perfect passive participle, nominative plural masculine - having been alienated/estranged", "*politeias*": "genitive singular feminine - citizenship/commonwealth", "*Israēl*": "genitive singular - Israel", "*xenoi*": "nominative plural masculine - strangers/foreigners", "*diathēkōn*": "genitive plural feminine - covenants/testaments", "*epangelias*": "genitive singular feminine - promise", "*elpida*": "accusative singular feminine - hope/expectation", "*echontes*": "present active participle, nominative plural masculine - having", "*atheoi*": "nominative plural masculine - without God/godless", "*kosmō*": "dative singular masculine - world/universe" }, "variants": { "*kairō*": "time/season/appointed time", "*apēllotriōmenoi*": "alienated/estranged/excluded", "*politeias*": "citizenship/commonwealth/state", "*xenoi*": "strangers/foreigners/aliens", "*diathēkōn*": "covenants/testaments/contracts", "*epangelias*": "promise/announcement/declaration", "*elpida*": "hope/expectation/confidence", "*atheoi*": "without God/godless/atheists", "*kosmō*": "world/ordered system/universe" } }