Genesis 21:4

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Genesis.21.4", "source": "וַיָּ֤מָל אַבְרָהָם֙ אֶת־יִצְחָ֣ק בְּנ֔וֹ בֶּן־שְׁמֹנַ֖ת יָמִ֑ים כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה אֹת֖וֹ אֱלֹהִֽים׃", "text": "And *yāmāl* *ʾAbrāhām* *ʾet*-*Yiṣḥāq* *bənô* *ben*-*šəmōnat* *yāmîm* *kaʾăšer* *ṣiwwâ* *ʾōtô* *ʾĕlōhîm*.", "grammar": { "*wə-*": "conjunction with consecutive imperfect - and (sequential action)", "*yāmāl*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - he circumcised", "*ʾAbrāhām*": "proper noun, subject - Abraham", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Yiṣḥāq*": "proper noun, direct object - Isaac", "*bənô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his son", "*ben*": "masculine singular construct - son of/at age of", "*šəmōnat*": "feminine singular construct - eight", "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural noun - days", "*kaʾăšer*": "compound preposition - according to what/just as", "*ṣiwwâ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he commanded", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine singular suffix - him", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun (used as singular) - God" }, "variants": { "*yāmāl*": "circumcised", "*ben*-*šəmōnat* *yāmîm*": "son of eight days/eight days old", "*ṣiwwâ*": "commanded/instructed/ordered", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings (here used as singular)" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיָּ֤מָל אַבְרָהָם֙ אֶת־יִצְחָ֣ק בְּנ֔וֹ בֶּן־שְׁמֹנַ֖ת יָמִ֑ים כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה אֹת֖וֹ אֱלֹהִֽים׃

Transliteration

And yāmāl ʾAbrāhām ʾet-Yiṣḥāq bənô ben-šəmōnat yāmîm kaʾăšer ṣiwwâ ʾōtô ʾĕlōhîm.

Grammar Details

• *wə-*: conjunction with consecutive imperfect - and (sequential action)
• *yāmāl*: qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - he circumcised
• *ʾAbrāhām*: proper noun, subject - Abraham
• *ʾet*: direct object marker
• *Yiṣḥāq*: proper noun, direct object - Isaac
• *bənô*: masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his son
• *ben*: masculine singular construct - son of/at age of
• *šəmōnat*: feminine singular construct - eight
• *yāmîm*: masculine plural noun - days
• *kaʾăšer*: compound preposition - according to what/just as
• *ṣiwwâ*: piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he commanded
• *ʾōtô*: direct object marker with 3rd masculine singular suffix - him
• *ʾĕlōhîm*: masculine plural noun (used as singular) - God

Word Meanings

• *yāmāl*: circumcised
• *ben*-*šəmōnat* *yāmîm*: son of eight days/eight days old
• *ṣiwwâ*: commanded/instructed/ordered
• *ʾĕlōhîm*: God/gods/divine beings (here used as singular)

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Abraham circumcised his son Isaac when he was eight days old, just as God had commanded him.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And Abraham circumcised his son Isaac being eight days old, as God had commanded him.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And Abraham circumcised his son Isaac when he was eight days old, as God had commanded him.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And Abraham circumcised his son Isaac being eight days old, as God had commanded him.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And Abraham circumcised his son Isaac when he was eight days old, as God had commanded him.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And Abraham circumcised his son Isaac being eight days old, as God had commanded him.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  and Abra circucysed Isaac his sone whe he was.viij. dayes olde as God commaunded him

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  and circumcided him the eight daye, like as God commaunded him.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Then Abraha circumcised Izhak his sonne, when he was eight dayes olde, as God had commanded him.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And Abraham circumcised his sonne Isahac, when he was eyght dayes olde, as God commaunded him.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And Abraham circumcised his son Isaac being eight days old, as God had commanded him.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Abraham circumcised his son, Isaac, when he was eight days old, as God had commanded him.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  and Abraham circumciseth Isaac his son, `being' a son of eight days, as God hath commanded him.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And Abraham circumcised his son Isaac when he was eight days old, as God had commanded him.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And Abraham circumcised his son Isaac when he was eight days old, as God had commanded him.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And when his son Isaac was eight days old, Abraham made him undergo circumcision, as God had said to him.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Abraham circumcised his son, Isaac, when he was eight days old, as God had commanded him.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  When his son Isaac was eight days old, Abraham circumcised him just as God had commanded him to do.

Referenced Verses

• Acts 7:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Acts.7.8", "source": "Καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ διαθήκην περιτομῆς: καὶ οὕτως ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰσαάκ, καὶ περιέτεμεν αὐτὸν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ ὀγδόῃ· καὶ ὁ Ἰσαὰκ τὸν Ἰακώβ· καὶ ὁ Ἰακὼβ τοὺς δώδεκα πατριάρχας.", "text": "And *edōken autō diathēkēn peritomēs*: and *houtōs egennēsen ton Isaak, kai perietemen auton tē hēmera tē ogdoē*; and *ho Isaak ton Iakōb*; and *ho Iakōb tous dōdeka patriarchas*.", "grammar": { "*edōken*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - he gave", "*autō*": "dative masculine singular pronoun - to him", "*diathēkēn*": "accusative feminine singular - covenant", "*peritomēs*": "genitive feminine singular - of circumcision", "*houtōs*": "adverb - thus/in this manner", "*egennēsen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - he begat/became father of", "*ton Isaak*": "accusative masculine singular - Isaac", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*perietemen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - he circumcised", "*auton*": "accusative masculine singular pronoun - him", "*tē hēmera tē ogdoē*": "dative feminine singular + dative feminine singular ordinal - on the eighth day", "*ho Isaak*": "nominative masculine singular - Isaac [begat]", "*ton Iakōb*": "accusative masculine singular - Jacob", "*ho Iakōb*": "nominative masculine singular - Jacob [begat]", "*tous dōdeka patriarchas*": "accusative masculine plural numeral + accusative masculine plural - the twelve patriarchs" }, "variants": { "*diathēkēn*": "covenant/testament/contract", "*peritomēs*": "of circumcision/circumcision covenant", "*egennēsen*": "begat/became father of/fathered", "*perietemen*": "circumcised/performed circumcision on", "*hēmera tē ogdoē*": "eighth day/eighth day after birth", "*patriarchas*": "patriarchs/forefathers/tribal leaders" } }
• Gen 17:10-12 : 10 { "verseID": "Genesis.17.10", "source": "זֹ֣את בְּרִיתִ֞י אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּשְׁמְר֗וּ בֵּינִי֙ וּבֵ֣ינֵיכֶ֔ם וּבֵ֥ין זַרְעֲךָ֖ אַחֲרֶ֑יךָ הִמּ֥וֹל לָכֶ֖ם כָּל־זָכָֽר׃", "text": "*zōʾt* *bərîtî* *ʾăšer* *tišmərû* *bênî* *û-ḇênêḵem* *û-ḇên* *zarʿăḵā* *ʾaḥăreḵā* *himmôl* *lāḵem* *kol*-*zāḵār*", "grammar": { "*zōʾt*": "demonstrative pronoun feminine singular - this", "*bərîtî*": "noun feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my covenant", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/that", "*tišmərû*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you shall keep", "*bênî*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - between me", "*û-ḇênêḵem*": "conjunction + preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - and between you (plural)", "*û-ḇên*": "conjunction + preposition - and between", "*zarʿăḵā*": "noun masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your seed/offspring", "*ʾaḥăreḵā*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - after you", "*himmôl*": "niphal infinitive absolute - to be circumcised", "*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - for yourselves", "*kol*": "noun masculine singular construct - every", "*zāḵār*": "noun masculine singular - male" }, "variants": { "*tišmərû*": "keep/observe/guard/preserve (plural)", "*himmôl*": "to be circumcised/circumcising", "*zāḵār*": "male/man-child" } } 11 { "verseID": "Genesis.17.11", "source": "וּנְמַלְתֶּ֕ם אֵ֖ת בְּשַׂ֣ר עָרְלַתְכֶ֑ם וְהָיָה֙ לְא֣וֹת בְּרִ֔ית בֵּינִ֖י וּבֵינֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "*û-nəmaltem* *ʾēt* *bəśar* *ʿorlat'ḵem* *wə-hāyāh* *lə-ʾôt* *bərît* *bênî* *û-ḇênêḵem*", "grammar": { "*û-nəmaltem*": "conjunction + niphal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - and you shall circumcise", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*bəśar*": "noun masculine singular construct - flesh of", "*ʿorlat'ḵem*": "noun feminine singular construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your foreskin", "*wə-hāyāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and it shall be", "*lə-ʾôt*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - for a sign of", "*bərît*": "noun feminine singular - covenant", "*bênî*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - between me", "*û-ḇênêḵem*": "conjunction + preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - and between you (plural)" }, "variants": { "*bəśar*": "flesh/body/skin/meat", "*ʿorlah*": "foreskin/uncircumcision", "*ʾôt*": "sign/mark/token/symbol" } } 12 { "verseID": "Genesis.17.12", "source": "וּבֶן־שְׁמֹנַ֣ת יָמִ֗ים יִמּ֥וֹל לָכֶ֛ם כָּל־זָכָ֖ר לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶ֑ם יְלִ֣יד בָּ֔יִת וּמִקְנַת־כֶּ֙סֶף֙ מִכֹּ֣ל בֶּן־נֵכָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹ֥א מִֽזַּרְעֲךָ֖ הֽוּא׃", "text": "*û-ḇen*-*šəmōnat* *yāmîm* *yimmôl* *lāḵem* *kol*-*zāḵār* *lə-ḏōrōtêḵem* *yəlîḏ* *bāyit* *û-miqnat*-*kesep̄* *mikkōl* *ben*-*nēḵār* *ʾăšer* *lōʾ* *mi-zarʿăḵā* *hûʾ*", "grammar": { "*û-ḇen*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular construct - and son of", "*šəmōnat*": "cardinal number feminine singular construct - eight of", "*yāmîm*": "noun masculine plural - days", "*yimmôl*": "niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - shall be circumcised", "*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - for you (plural)", "*kol*": "noun masculine singular construct - every", "*zāḵār*": "noun masculine singular - male", "*lə-ḏōrōtêḵem*": "preposition + noun masculine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - throughout your generations", "*yəlîḏ*": "noun masculine singular construct - one born in", "*bāyit*": "noun masculine singular - house", "*û-miqnat*": "conjunction + noun feminine singular construct - and acquisition of", "*kesep̄*": "noun masculine singular - money/silver", "*mikkōl*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - from every", "*ben*": "noun masculine singular construct - son of", "*nēḵār*": "noun masculine singular - foreigner/stranger", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who/which", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*mi-zarʿăḵā*": "preposition + noun masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - from your offspring", "*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he" }, "variants": { "*yəlîḏ bāyit*": "house-born/born in household/home-born slave", "*miqnat-kesep̄*": "purchased with money/bought with silver", "*ben-nēḵār*": "foreigner/stranger/alien" } }
• Exod 12:48 : 48 { "verseID": "Exodus.12.48", "source": "וְכִֽי־יָג֨וּר אִתְּךָ֜ גֵּ֗ר וְעָ֣שָׂה פֶסַח֮ לַיהוָה֒ הִמּ֧וֹל ל֣וֹ כָל־זָכָ֗ר וְאָז֙ יִקְרַ֣ב לַעֲשֹׂת֔וֹ וְהָיָ֖ה כְּאֶזְרַ֣ח הָאָ֑רֶץ וְכָל־עָרֵ֖ל לֹֽא־יֹ֥אכַל בּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wə-kî-yāgûr* with-you *gēr* *wə-ʿāśâ* *pesaḥ* to-*YHWH*, *himmôl* to-him all-*zākār* *wə-ʾāz* *yiqrab* to-do-it *wə-hāyâ* like-*ʾezraḥ* the-*ʾāreṣ*, and-all-*ʿārēl* not-*yōʾkal* in-it.", "grammar": { "*wə-kî-yāgûr*": "conjunction + particle + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and when/if sojourns", "*gēr*": "noun, masculine singular - foreigner/sojourner/resident alien", "*wə-ʿāśâ*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and makes/does/performs", "*pesaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - passover/passover sacrifice", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*himmôl*": "verb, niphal infinitive absolute - being circumcised", "*zākār*": "noun, masculine singular - male", "*wə-ʾāz*": "conjunction + adverb - and then", "*yiqrab*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he may come near/approach", "*wə-hāyâ*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and he will be", "*ʾezraḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - native/native-born/citizen", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - land/earth/country", "*ʿārēl*": "adjective, masculine singular - uncircumcised", "*yōʾkal*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he shall eat" }, "variants": { "*gēr*": "sojourner/foreigner/resident alien/convert", "*pesaḥ*": "passover/passover sacrifice/passover observance", "*himmôl*": "to be circumcised/let him be circumcised/must be circumcised", "*yiqrab*": "may approach/may draw near/may participate", "*ʾezraḥ*": "native/native-born/citizen/one born in the land" } }
• Lev 12:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Leviticus.12.3", "source": "וּבַיּ֖וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִ֑י יִמּ֖וֹל בְּשַׂ֥ר עָרְלָתֽוֹ׃", "text": "*û-ḇayyôm haššəmînî yimmôl bəśar ʿorlātô*", "grammar": { "*û-ḇayyôm*": "conjunction + preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - and on the day", "*haššəmînî*": "definite article + adjective, masculine singular - the eighth", "*yimmôl*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Niphal - shall be circumcised", "*bəśar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - flesh of", "*ʿorlātô*": "noun, feminine singular + suffix, 3rd masculine singular - his foreskin" }, "variants": { "*yimmôl*": "shall be circumcised/cut around", "*bəśar*": "flesh/skin/body", "*ʿorlātô*": "his foreskin/prepuce" } }
• Luke 1:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Luke.1.6", "source": "Ἦσαν δὲ δίκαιοι ἀμφότεροι ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ, πορευόμενοι ἐν πάσαις ταῖς ἐντολαῖς καὶ δικαιώμασιν τοῦ Κυρίου ἄμεμπτοι.", "text": "*Ēsan de dikaioi amphoteroi enōpion tou Theou, poreuomenoi en pasais tais entolais kai dikaiōmasin tou Kyriou amemptoi*.", "grammar": { "*Ēsan*": "imperfect, indicative, active, 3rd person plural - they were", "*de*": "particle - and, but, now", "*dikaioi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - righteous", "*amphoteroi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - both", "*enōpion*": "preposition + genitive - before, in the presence of", "*tou Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God", "*poreuomenoi*": "present, middle, participle, nominative, masculine, plural - walking, proceeding", "*en pasais*": "preposition + dative, feminine, plural - in all", "*tais entolais*": "dative, feminine, plural - the commandments", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*dikaiōmasin*": "dative, neuter, plural - ordinances, righteous requirements", "*tou Kyriou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of the Lord", "*amemptoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - blameless" }, "variants": { "*dikaioi*": "righteous/just/upright", "*poreuomenoi*": "walking/proceeding/living", "*entolais*": "commandments/precepts/instructions", "*dikaiōmasin*": "ordinances/righteous requirements/regulations", "*amemptoi*": "blameless/faultless/without reproach" } }
• Luke 1:59 : 59 { "verseID": "Luke.1.59", "source": "Καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῇ ὀγδόῃ ἡμέρᾳ, ἦλθον περιτεμεῖν τὸ παιδίον· καὶ ἐκάλουν αὐτὸ ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ, Ζαχαρίαν.", "text": "And *egeneto* in the *ogdoē hēmera*, they *ēlthon peritemein* the *paidion*; and *ekaloun* it upon the *onomati* of the *patros* of him, *Zacharian*.", "grammar": { "*egeneto*": "aorist middle indicative, 3rd person singular - it happened/became", "*ogdoē*": "dative feminine singular - eighth", "*hēmera*": "dative feminine singular - day", "*ēlthon*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - they came", "*peritemein*": "aorist active infinitive - to circumcise", "*paidion*": "accusative neuter singular - little child", "*ekaloun*": "imperfect active indicative, 3rd person plural - they were calling/naming", "*onomati*": "dative neuter singular - name", "*patros*": "genitive masculine singular - of father" }, "variants": { "*egeneto*": "it happened/it came to pass/it occurred", "*ogdoē hēmera*": "eighth day", "*ēlthon peritemein*": "they came to circumcise/they came for circumcising", "*paidion*": "little child/infant/baby", "*ekaloun*": "were calling/were naming/were about to name", "*onomati*": "name/by name" } }
• Luke 2:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Luke.2.21", "source": "Καὶ ὅτε ἐπλήσθησαν ἡμέραι ὀκτὼ τοῦ περιτεμεῖν τὸ παιδίον, καὶ ἐκλήθη τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Ἰησοῦς, τὸ κληθὲν ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀγγέλου πρὸ τοῦ συλληφθῆναι αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ κοιλίᾳ.", "text": "And when *eplēsthēsan* *hēmerai* eight of the *peritemein* the *paidion*, and *eklēthē* the *onoma* of him *Iēsous*, the *klēthen* by the *angelou* before the *syllēphthēnai* him in the *koilia*.", "grammar": { "*eplēsthēsan*": "aorist indicative, 3rd plural, passive - were fulfilled", "*hēmerai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - days", "*peritemein*": "aorist infinitive - to circumcise", "*paidion*": "accusative, neuter, singular - child", "*eklēthē*": "aorist indicative, 3rd singular, passive - was called", "*onoma*": "nominative, neuter, singular - name", "*Iēsous*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Jesus", "*klēthen*": "aorist participle, passive, nominative, neuter, singular - having been called", "*angelou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - angel", "*syllēphthēnai*": "aorist infinitive, passive - to be conceived", "*koilia*": "dative, feminine, singular - womb" }, "variants": { "*eplēsthēsan*": "were fulfilled/were completed", "*peritemein*": "to circumcise/for circumcising", "*eklēthē*": "was called/was named", "*klēthen*": "called/named/given", "*syllēphthēnai*": "to be conceived/to be with child", "*koilia*": "womb/belly/abdomen" } }
• John 7:22-23 : 22 { "verseID": "John.7.22", "source": "Διὰ τοῦτο Μωσῆς δέδωκεν ὑμῖν τὴν περιτομήν· (οὐχ ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ Μωσέως ἐστίν, ἀλλʼ ἐκ τῶν πατέρων·) καὶ ἐν σαββάτῳ περιτέμνετε ἄνθρωπον.", "text": "Because of this *Mōsēs dedōken* to you the *peritomēn*; (not that from the *Mōseōs estin*, but from the *paterōn*;) and in *sabbatō peritemnetai anthrōpon*.", "grammar": { "*Mōsēs*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Moses", "*dedōken*": "perfect, 3rd singular - has given", "*peritomēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - circumcision", "*Mōseōs*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of Moses", "*estin*": "present indicative, 3rd singular - is", "*paterōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of fathers/ancestors", "*sabbatō*": "dative, neuter, singular - sabbath", "*peritemnetai*": "present indicative, 2nd plural - you circumcise", "*anthrōpon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - man/person" }, "variants": { "*dedōken*": "has given/provided/established", "*peritomēn*": "circumcision/cutting around", "*paterōn*": "fathers/ancestors/patriarchs", "*sabbatō*": "sabbath/seventh day", "*peritemnetai*": "you circumcise/cut around", "*anthrōpon*": "man/person/human being" } } 23 { "verseID": "John.7.23", "source": "Εἰ περιτομὴν λαμβάνει ἄνθρωπος ἐν σαββάτῳ, ἵνα μὴ λυθῇ ὁ νόμος Μωσέως· ἐμοὶ χολᾶτε, ὅτι ὅλον ἄνθρωπον ὑγιῆ ἐποίησα ἐν σαββάτῳ;", "text": "If *peritomēn lambanei anthrōpos* in *sabbatō*, so that not *lythē* the *nomos Mōseōs*; with me *cholate*, because whole *anthrōpon hygiē epoiēsa* in *sabbatō*?", "grammar": { "*peritomēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - circumcision", "*lambanei*": "present indicative, 3rd singular - receives", "*anthrōpos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - man/person", "*sabbatō*": "dative, neuter, singular - sabbath", "*lythē*": "aorist subjunctive passive, 3rd singular - may be broken", "*nomos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - law", "*Mōseōs*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of Moses", "*cholate*": "present indicative, 2nd plural - you are angry", "*anthrōpon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - man/person", "*hygiē*": "accusative, masculine, singular - well/healthy", "*epoiēsa*": "aorist, 1st singular - I made/did" }, "variants": { "*peritomēn*": "circumcision/cutting around", "*lambanei*": "receives/accepts/undergoes", "*lythē*": "may be broken/violated/annulled", "*nomos*": "law/Torah/commandment", "*cholate*": "you are angry/bitter/enraged", "*hygiē*": "well/healthy/sound/whole", "*epoiēsa*": "I made/did/accomplished" } }