Mark 6:17

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Mark.6.17", "source": "Αὐτὸς γὰρ ὁ Ἡρώδης ἀποστείλας ἐκράτησεν τὸν Ἰωάννην, καὶ ἔδησεν αὐτὸν ἐν φυλακῇ διὰ Ἡρωδιάδα, τὴν γυναῖκα Φιλίππου τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ: ὅτι αὐτὴν ἐγάμησεν.", "text": "Himself for the *Hērōdēs* *aposteilas* *ekratēsen* the *Iōannēn*, and *edēsen* him in *phylakē* because of *Hērōdiada*, the *gynaika* of *Philippou* the *adelphou* of him: because her he *egamēsen*.", "grammar": { "*aposteilas*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having sent", "*ekratēsen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - seized/arrested [completed action]", "*edēsen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - bound [completed action]", "*phylakē*": "dative, feminine, singular - prison", "*gynaika*": "accusative, feminine, singular - wife/woman", "*adelphou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - brother", "*egamēsen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - married [completed action]" }, "variants": { "*aposteilas*": "sending/having sent", "*ekratēsen*": "seized/arrested/took into custody", "*edēsen*": "bound/tied up/imprisoned", "*phylakē*": "prison/jail/place of confinement", "*gynaika*": "wife/woman", "*adelphou*": "brother/male sibling", "*egamēsen*": "married/took as wife" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

Αὐτὸς γὰρ ὁ Ἡρώδης ἀποστείλας ἐκράτησεν τὸν Ἰωάννην, καὶ ἔδησεν αὐτὸν ἐν φυλακῇ διὰ Ἡρωδιάδα, τὴν γυναῖκα Φιλίππου τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ: ὅτι αὐτὴν ἐγάμησεν.

Transliteration

Himself for the Hērōdēs aposteilas ekratēsen the Iōannēn, and edēsen him in phylakē because of Hērōdiada, the gynaika of Philippou the adelphou of him: because her he egamēsen.

Grammar Details

• *aposteilas*: aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having sent
• *ekratēsen*: aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - seized/arrested [completed action]
• *edēsen*: aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - bound [completed action]
• *phylakē*: dative, feminine, singular - prison
• *gynaika*: accusative, feminine, singular - wife/woman
• *adelphou*: genitive, masculine, singular - brother
• *egamēsen*: aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - married [completed action]

Word Meanings

• *aposteilas*: sending/having sent
• *ekratēsen*: seized/arrested/took into custody
• *edēsen*: bound/tied up/imprisoned
• *phylakē*: prison/jail/place of confinement
• *gynaika*: wife/woman
• *adelphou*: brother/male sibling
• *egamēsen*: married/took as wife

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  For Herod himself had sent men to arrest John, and he had him bound and put in prison on account of Herodias, his brother Philip's wife, whom he had married.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  For Herod himself had sent forth and laid hold upon John, and bound him in prison for Herodias' sake, his brother Philip's wife: for he had married her.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  For Herod himself had sent forth and laid hold upon John, and bound him in prison for the sake of Herodias, his brother Philip's wife, for he had married her.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  For Herod himself had sent forth and laid hold upon John, and bound him in prison for Herodias' sake, his brother Philip's wife: for he had married her.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  For{G1063} Herod{G2264} himself{G846} had sent forth{G649} and laid hold{G2902} upon John,{G2491} and{G2532} bound{G1210} him{G846} in{G1722} prison{G5438} for{G1223} the sake{G2266} of Herodias, his{G846} brother{G80} Philip's{G5376} wife;{G1135} for{G3754} he had married{G1060} her.{G846}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  For{G1063} Herod{G2264} himself{G846} had sent forth{G649}{(G5660)} and laid hold{G2902}{(G5656)} upon John{G2491}, and{G2532} bound{G1210}{(G5656)} him{G846} in{G1722} prison{G5438} for{G1223} Herodias{G2266}' sake{G1223}, his{G846} brother{G80} Philip's{G5376} wife{G1135}: for{G3754} he had married{G1060}{(G5656)} her{G846}.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  For Herode him sylfe had sent forth and had taken Iohn and bounde him and cast him into preson for Herodias sake which was his brother Philippes wyfe. For he had maried her.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  This Herode had sent forth, and taken Ihon, and put him in preson, because of Herodias his brother Philippes wife, for he had maried her.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  For Herod him selfe had sent forth, & had taken Iohn, and bound him in prison for Herodias sake, which was his brother Philippes wife, because he had maried her.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  For Herode himselfe had sent foorth, and layde handes vpon Iohn, & bounde hym in pryson, for Herodias sake, his brother Philippes wyfe, because he had maryed her.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  For Herod himself had sent forth and laid hold upon John, and bound him in prison for Herodias' sake, his brother Philip's wife: for he had married her.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  For Herod himself had sent out and arrested John, and bound him in prison for the sake of Herodias, his brother Philip's wife, for he had married her.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  For Herod himself, having sent forth, did lay hold on John, and bound him in the prison, because of Herodias the wife of Philip his brother, because he married her,

• American Standard Version (1901)

  For Herod himself had sent forth and laid hold upon John, and bound him in prison for the sake of Herodias, his brother Philip's wife; for he had married her.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  For Herod himself had sent forth and laid hold upon John, and bound him in prison for the sake of Herodias, his brother Philip's wife; for he had married her.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  For Herod himself had sent men out to take John and put him in prison, because of Herodias, his brother Philip's wife, whom he had taken for himself.

• World English Bible (2000)

  For Herod himself had sent out and arrested John, and bound him in prison for the sake of Herodias, his brother Philip's wife, for he had married her.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  For Herod himself had sent men, arrested John, and bound him in prison on account of Herodias, his brother Philip’s wife, because Herod had married her.

Referenced Verses

• Matt 11:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Matthew.11.2", "source": "Ὁ δὲ Ἰωάννης ἀκούσας ἐν τῷ δεσμωτηρίῳ τὰ ἔργα τοῦ Χριστοῦ, πέμψας δύο τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ,", "text": "The *de* *Iōannēs* *akousas* in the *desmōtēriō* the *erga* of the *Christou*, *pempsas* two of the *mathētōn* of him,", "grammar": { "*de*": "postpositive particle - and/but/now", "*Iōannēs*": "nominative, masculine, singular - John", "*akousas*": "aorist participle, active, nominative, masculine, singular - having heard", "*desmōtēriō*": "dative, neuter, singular - prison", "*erga*": "accusative, neuter, plural - works/deeds", "*Christou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of Christ/Messiah", "*pempsas*": "aorist participle, active, nominative, masculine, singular - having sent", "*mathētōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of disciples" }, "variants": { "*de*": "and/but/now/then", "*akousas*": "having heard/listened to/learned of", "*desmōtēriō*": "prison/jail", "*erga*": "works/deeds/actions", "*pempsas*": "having sent/dispatched" } }
• Luke 3:19-20 : 19 { "verseID": "Luke.3.19", "source": "Ὁ δὲ Ἡρώδης ὁ τετράρχης, ἐλεγχόμενος ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ περὶ Ἡρωδιάδος τῆς γυναικὸς Φιλίππου τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ, καὶ περὶ πάντων ὧν ἐποίησεν πονηρῶν ὁ Ἡρώδης,", "text": "The *de* *Herodes* the *tetrarches*, *elegchomenos* by him concerning *Herodiados* the *gynaikos* of-*Philippou* the *adelphou* of-him, and concerning all which *epoiesen* *poneron* the *Herodes*,", "grammar": { "*de*": "postpositive particle - but/and/now", "*Herodes*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Herod", "*tetrarches*": "nominative, masculine, singular - tetrarch", "*elegchomenos*": "present passive participle, nominative, masculine, singular - being reproved", "*Herodiados*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of Herodias", "*gynaikos*": "genitive, feminine, singular - wife/woman", "*Philippou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of Philip", "*adelphou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - brother", "*epoiesen*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd person, singular - did/made", "*poneron*": "genitive, neuter, plural - of evil things" }, "variants": { "*tetrarches*": "tetrarch/ruler of a fourth part", "*elegchomenos*": "being reproved/being rebuked/being convicted", "*gynaikos*": "wife/woman", "*adelphou*": "brother/kinsman", "*epoiesen*": "did/made/performed", "*poneron*": "evil things/wicked things/bad things" } } 20 { "verseID": "Luke.3.20", "source": "Προσέθηκεν καὶ τοῦτο ἐπὶ πάσιν, καὶ κατέκλεισεν τὸν Ἰωάννην ἐν τῇ φυλακῇ.", "text": "*Prosetheken* also this upon all, and *katekleisen* the *Ioannen* in the *phylake*.", "grammar": { "*Prosetheken*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd person, singular - added", "*katekleisen*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd person, singular - shut up/imprisoned", "*Ioannen*": "accusative, masculine, singular - John", "*phylake*": "dative, feminine, singular - prison" }, "variants": { "*Prosetheken*": "added/put on/increased", "*katekleisen*": "shut up/imprisoned/confined", "*phylake*": "prison/jail/place of confinement" } }
• Matt 4:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Matthew.4.12", "source": "Ἀκούσας δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς ὅτι Ἰωάννης παρεδόθη, ἀνεχώρησεν εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν·", "text": "*Akousas de ho Iēsous hoti Iōannēs paredothē*, *anechōrēsen* into the *Galilaian*;", "grammar": { "*Akousas*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having heard", "*de*": "particle - but/and/now", "*ho Iēsous*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Jesus", "*hoti*": "conjunction - that", "*Iōannēs*": "nominative, masculine, singular - John", "*paredothē*": "aorist passive, 3rd singular - was delivered up/handed over", "*anechōrēsen*": "aorist active, 3rd singular - withdrew/departed", "*Galilaian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - Galilee" }, "variants": { "*Akousas*": "having heard/when he heard", "*de*": "but/and/now [transitional particle]", "*hoti*": "that/because", "*paredothē*": "was delivered up/was handed over/was arrested", "*anechōrēsen*": "withdrew/departed/retired", "*Galilaian*": "Galilee [region]" } }
• Matt 14:3-9 : 3 { "verseID": "Matthew.14.3", "source": "¶Ὁ γὰρ Ἡρώδης κρατήσας τὸν Ἰωάννην, ἔδησεν αὐτὸν, καὶ ἔθετο ἐν φυλακῇ, διὰ Ἡρωδιάδα τὴν γυναῖκα Φιλίππου τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ.", "text": "For the *Hērōdēs* *kratēsas* the *Iōannēn*, *edēsen* him, and *etheto* in *phylakē*, because of *Hērōdiada* the *gynaika* of *Philippou* the *adelphou* of him.", "grammar": { "*Hērōdēs*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Herod", "*kratēsas*": "aorist, active, participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having seized", "*Iōannēn*": "accusative, masculine, singular - John", "*edēsen*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd person singular - bound", "*etheto*": "aorist, middle, indicative, 3rd person singular - put/placed", "*phylakē*": "dative, feminine, singular - prison/guard", "*Hērōdiada*": "accusative, feminine, singular - Herodias", "*gynaika*": "accusative, feminine, singular - wife/woman", "*Philippou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of Philip", "*adelphou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - brother" }, "variants": { "*kratēsas*": "having seized/arrested/taken hold of", "*edēsen*": "bound/tied up/imprisoned", "*etheto*": "put/placed/committed" } } 4 { "verseID": "Matthew.14.4", "source": "Ἔλεγεν γὰρ αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰωάννης, Οὐκ ἔξεστίν σοι ἔχειν αὐτήν.", "text": "For *elegen* to him the *Iōannēs*, Not *exestin* to you *echein* her.", "grammar": { "*elegen*": "imperfect, active, indicative, 3rd person singular - was saying", "*Iōannēs*": "nominative, masculine, singular - John", "*exestin*": "present, active, indicative, 3rd person singular - it is lawful", "*echein*": "present, active, infinitive - to have" }, "variants": { "*elegen*": "was saying/used to say/kept saying", "*exestin*": "it is lawful/permitted/allowed" } } 5 { "verseID": "Matthew.14.5", "source": "Καὶ θέλων αὐτὸν ἀποκτεῖναι, ἐφοβήθη τὸν ὄχλον, ὅτι ὡς προφήτην αὐτὸν εἶχον.", "text": "And *thelōn* him *apokteinai*, *ephobēthē* the *ochlon*, because as *prophētēn* him *eichon*.", "grammar": { "*thelōn*": "present, active, participle, nominative, masculine, singular - wanting/wishing", "*apokteinai*": "aorist, active, infinitive - to kill", "*ephobēthē*": "aorist, passive, indicative, 3rd person singular - feared/was afraid", "*ochlon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - crowd/multitude", "*prophētēn*": "accusative, masculine, singular - prophet", "*eichon*": "imperfect, active, indicative, 3rd person plural - they had/held/regarded" }, "variants": { "*thelōn*": "wanting/wishing/desiring", "*ephobēthē*": "feared/was afraid of", "*ochlon*": "crowd/multitude/common people", "*eichon*": "held/regarded/considered" } } 6 { "verseID": "Matthew.14.6", "source": "Γενεσίων δὲ ἀγομένων τοῦ Ἡρώδου, ὠρχήσατο ἡ θυγάτηρ τῆς Ἡρωδιάδος ἐν τῷ μέσῳ, καὶ ἤρεσεν τῷ Ἡρώδῃ.", "text": "But *genesiōn* *agomenōn* of the *Hērōdou*, *ōrchēsato* the *thygatēr* of the *Hērōdiados* in the *mesō*, and *ēresen* the *Hērōdē*.", "grammar": { "*genesiōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - birthday feast", "*agomenōn*": "present, passive, participle, genitive, neuter, plural - being celebrated", "*Hērōdou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of Herod", "*ōrchēsato*": "aorist, middle, indicative, 3rd person singular - danced", "*thygatēr*": "nominative, feminine, singular - daughter", "*Hērōdiados*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of Herodias", "*mesō*": "dative, neuter, singular - middle/midst", "*ēresen*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd person singular - pleased", "*Hērōdē*": "dative, masculine, singular - to Herod" }, "variants": { "*genesiōn*": "birthday feast/celebration", "*agomenōn*": "being celebrated/observed/held", "*ōrchēsato*": "danced", "*mesō*": "middle/midst/center", "*ēresen*": "pleased/was pleasing to" } } 7 { "verseID": "Matthew.14.7", "source": "Ὅθεν μεθʼ ὅρκου ὡμολόγησεν αὐτῇ δοῦναι ὃ ἐὰν αἰτήσηται.", "text": "*Hothen* with *horkou* *hōmologēsen* to her *dounai* what *ean* *aitēsētai*.", "grammar": { "*Hothen*": "adverb - from where/therefore/wherefore", "*horkou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - oath", "*hōmologēsen*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd person singular - promised/agreed", "*dounai*": "aorist, active, infinitive - to give", "*ean*": "conditional particle - if/whatever", "*aitēsētai*": "aorist, middle, subjunctive, 3rd person singular - she might ask" }, "variants": { "*Hothen*": "therefore/wherefore/for which reason", "*hōmologēsen*": "promised/agreed/declared", "*aitēsētai*": "she might ask for/request" } } 8 { "verseID": "Matthew.14.8", "source": "Ἡ δέ, προβιβασθεῖσα ὑπὸ τῆς μητρὸς αὐτῆς, Δός μοι, φησίν, ὧδε ἐπὶ πίνακι τὴν κεφαλὴν Ἰωάννου τοῦ Βαπτιστοῦ.", "text": "But she, *probibastheisa* by the *mētros* of her, Give to me, *phēsin*, here upon *pinaki* the *kephalēn* of *Iōannou* the *Baptistou*.", "grammar": { "*probibastheisa*": "aorist, passive, participle, nominative, feminine, singular - having been prompted", "*mētros*": "genitive, feminine, singular - mother", "*phēsin*": "present, active, indicative, 3rd person singular - she says", "*pinaki*": "dative, masculine, singular - plate/platter", "*kephalēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - head", "*Iōannou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of John", "*Baptistou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of the Baptist" }, "variants": { "*probibastheisa*": "having been prompted/instructed/urged forward", "*phēsin*": "says/states/declares", "*pinaki*": "plate/platter/dish" } } 9 { "verseID": "Matthew.14.9", "source": "Καὶ ἐλυπήθη ὁ βασιλεύς: διὰ δὲ τοὺς ὅρκους, καὶ τοὺς συνανακειμένους, ἐκέλευσεν δοθῆναι.", "text": "And *elypēthē* the *basileus*: but because of the *horkous*, and the *synanakeimenous*, *ekeleusen* *dothēnai*.", "grammar": { "*elypēthē*": "aorist, passive, indicative, 3rd person singular - was grieved", "*basileus*": "nominative, masculine, singular - king", "*horkous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - oaths", "*synanakeimenous*": "present, middle/passive, participle, accusative, masculine, plural - those reclining with", "*ekeleusen*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd person singular - commanded", "*dothēnai*": "aorist, passive, infinitive - to be given" }, "variants": { "*elypēthē*": "was grieved/distressed/sorrowful", "*basileus*": "king/ruler", "*synanakeimenous*": "those reclining with/guests at table", "*ekeleusen*": "commanded/ordered" } } 10 { "verseID": "Matthew.14.10", "source": "Καὶ πέμψας, ἀπεκεφάλισεν τὸν Ἰωάννην ἐν τῇ φυλακῇ.", "text": "And *pempsas*, *apekephalisen* the *Iōannēn* in the *phylakē*.", "grammar": { "*pempsas*": "aorist, active, participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having sent", "*apekephalisen*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd person singular - beheaded", "*Iōannēn*": "accusative, masculine, singular - John", "*phylakē*": "dative, feminine, singular - prison" }, "variants": { "*pempsas*": "having sent/dispatched", "*apekephalisen*": "beheaded/decapitated" } } 11 { "verseID": "Matthew.14.11", "source": "Καὶ ἠνέχθη ἡ κεφαλὴ αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ πίνακι, καὶ ἐδόθη τῷ κορασίῳ: καὶ ἤνεγκεν τῇ μητρὶ αὐτῆς.", "text": "And *ēnechthē* the *kephalē* of him upon *pinaki*, and *edothē* to the *korasiō*: and *ēnegken* to the *mētri* of her.", "grammar": { "*ēnechthē*": "aorist, passive, indicative, 3rd person singular - was brought", "*kephalē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - head", "*pinaki*": "dative, masculine, singular - plate/platter", "*edothē*": "aorist, passive, indicative, 3rd person singular - was given", "*korasiō*": "dative, neuter, singular - girl/maiden", "*ēnegken*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd person singular - brought/carried", "*mētri*": "dative, feminine, singular - mother" }, "variants": { "*ēnechthē*": "was brought/carried", "*korasiō*": "girl/young woman/damsel", "*ēnegken*": "brought/carried/took" } } 12 { "verseID": "Matthew.14.12", "source": "Καὶ προσελθόντες οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ, ἦραν τὸ σῶμα, καὶ ἔθαψαν αὐτό, καὶ ἐλθόντες ἀπήγγειλαν τῷ Ἰησοῦ.", "text": "And *proselthontes* the *mathētai* of him, *ēran* the *sōma*, and *ethapsan* it, and *elthontes* *apēngeilan* to the *Iēsou*.", "grammar": { "*proselthontes*": "aorist, active, participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having come to", "*mathētai*": "nominative, masculine, plural - disciples", "*ēran*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd person plural - took up", "*sōma*": "accusative, neuter, singular - body", "*ethapsan*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd person plural - buried", "*elthontes*": "aorist, active, participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having come", "*apēngeilan*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd person plural - reported", "*Iēsou*": "dative, masculine, singular - to Jesus" }, "variants": { "*proselthontes*": "having come to/approached", "*mathētai*": "disciples/learners/followers", "*ēran*": "took up/removed/carried away", "*apēngeilan*": "reported/announced/told" } }
• Luke 3:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Luke.3.1", "source": "¶Ἐν ἔτει δὲ πεντεκαιδεκάτῳ τῆς ἡγεμονίας Τιβερίου Καίσαρος, ἡγεμονεύοντος Ποντίου Πιλάτου τῆς Ἰουδαίας, καὶ τετραρχοῦντος τῆς Γαλιλαίας Ἡρώδου, Φιλίππου δὲ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ τετραρχοῦντος τῆς Ἰτουραίας καὶ Τραχωνίτιδος χώρας, καὶ Λυσανίου τῆς Ἀβιληνῆς τετραρχοῦντος,", "text": "In *etei* *de* *pentekaidekato* of-the *hegemonias* of-*Tiberiou Kaisaros*, *hegemoneuontos* *Pontiou Pilatou* of-the *Ioudaias*, and *tetrarchountos* of-the *Galilaias* *Herodou*, *Philippou* *de* the *adelphou* of-him *tetrarchountos* of-the *Itouraias* and *Trachōnitidos chōras*, and *Lysaniou* of-the *Abilenes tetrarchountos*,", "grammar": { "*etei*": "dative, neuter, singular - in year", "*de*": "postpositive particle - and/but/now", "*pentekaidekato*": "dative, neuter, singular, ordinal number - fifteenth", "*hegemonias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - rule/governorship", "*Tiberiou Kaisaros*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of Tiberius Caesar", "*hegemoneuontos*": "genitive, masculine, singular, present active participle - governing/being governor", "*Pontiou Pilatou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of Pontius Pilate", "*Ioudaias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of Judea", "*tetrarchountos*": "genitive, masculine, singular, present active participle - being tetrarch", "*Galilaias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of Galilee", "*Herodou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of Herod", "*Philippou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of Philip", "*adelphou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - brother", "*Itouraias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of Iturea", "*Trachōnitidos*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of Trachonitis", "*chōras*": "genitive, feminine, singular - region/territory", "*Lysaniou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of Lysanias", "*Abilenes*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of Abilene" }, "variants": { "*etei*": "year/time period", "*hegemonias*": "rule/governorship/leadership", "*hegemoneuontos*": "governing/being governor/ruling", "*tetrarchountos*": "being tetrarch/ruling as tetrarch", "*chōras*": "region/territory/country" } }