Romans 7:3

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Romans.7.3", "source": "Ἄρα οὖν ζῶντος τοῦ ἀνδρὸς, μοιχαλὶς χρηματίσει: ἐὰν, γένηται ἀνδρὶ ἑτέρῳ, ἐὰν δὲ ἀποθάνῃ ὁ ἀνήρ, ἐλευθέρα ἐστὶν ἀπὸ τοῦ νόμου· τοῦ μὴ εἶναι αὐτὴν μοιχαλίδα, γενομένην ἀνδρὶ ἑτέρῳ.", "text": "*Ara oun zōntos tou andros*, *moichalis chrēmatisei* if she *genētai andri heterō*, but if *apothanē ho anēr*, *eleuthera estin apo tou nomou*; of the not *einai autēn moichalida*, having *genomenēn andri heterō*.", "grammar": { "*Ara oun*": "inferential particles - therefore/consequently", "*zōntos tou andros*": "genitive absolute, masculine, singular - while the husband lives", "*moichalis*": "nominative, feminine, singular - adulteress", "*chrēmatisei*": "future indicative active, 3rd person singular - she will be called/designated", "*ean*": "conditional conjunction - if", "*genētai*": "aorist subjunctive middle, 3rd person singular - she becomes/joins herself", "*andri heterō*": "dative, masculine, singular - to another man/husband", "*de*": "conjunction - but/and", "*apothanē*": "aorist subjunctive active, 3rd person singular - might die/should die", "*ho anēr*": "nominative, masculine, singular - the husband/man", "*eleuthera*": "adjective, nominative, feminine, singular - free", "*estin*": "present indicative, 3rd person singular - she is", "*apo tou nomou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - from the law", "*tou mē einai autēn*": "genitive articular infinitive with accusative subject - so that she is not", "*moichalida*": "accusative, feminine, singular - adulteress", "*genomenēn*": "aorist participle middle, accusative, feminine, singular - having become/joined herself", "*andri heterō*": "dative, masculine, singular - to another man/husband" }, "variants": { "*moichalis*": "adulteress/unfaithful woman", "*chrēmatisei*": "will be called/designated/named/regarded as", "*genētai*": "joins herself to/becomes united with/marries", "*heterō*": "another/different", "*eleuthera*": "free/liberated/released", "*genomenēn*": "becoming/joining herself to/marrying" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

Ἄρα οὖν ζῶντος τοῦ ἀνδρὸς, μοιχαλὶς χρηματίσει: ἐὰν, γένηται ἀνδρὶ ἑτέρῳ, ἐὰν δὲ ἀποθάνῃ ὁ ἀνήρ, ἐλευθέρα ἐστὶν ἀπὸ τοῦ νόμου· τοῦ μὴ εἶναι αὐτὴν μοιχαλίδα, γενομένην ἀνδρὶ ἑτέρῳ.

Transliteration

Ara oun zōntos tou andros, moichalis chrēmatisei if she genētai andri heterō, but if apothanē ho anēr, eleuthera estin apo tou nomou; of the not einai autēn moichalida, having genomenēn andri heterō.

Grammar Details

• *Ara oun*: inferential particles - therefore/consequently
• *zōntos tou andros*: genitive absolute, masculine, singular - while the husband lives
• *moichalis*: nominative, feminine, singular - adulteress
• *chrēmatisei*: future indicative active, 3rd person singular - she will be called/designated
• *ean*: conditional conjunction - if
• *genētai*: aorist subjunctive middle, 3rd person singular - she becomes/joins herself
• *andri heterō*: dative, masculine, singular - to another man/husband
• *de*: conjunction - but/and
• *apothanē*: aorist subjunctive active, 3rd person singular - might die/should die
• *ho anēr*: nominative, masculine, singular - the husband/man
• *eleuthera*: adjective, nominative, feminine, singular - free
• *estin*: present indicative, 3rd person singular - she is
• *apo tou nomou*: genitive, masculine, singular - from the law
• *tou mē einai autēn*: genitive articular infinitive with accusative subject - so that she is not
• *moichalida*: accusative, feminine, singular - adulteress
• *genomenēn*: aorist participle middle, accusative, feminine, singular - having become/joined herself

Word Meanings

• *moichalis*: adulteress/unfaithful woman
• *chrēmatisei*: will be called/designated/named/regarded as
• *genētai*: joins herself to/becomes united with/marries
• *heterō*: another/different
• *eleuthera*: free/liberated/released
• *genomenēn*: becoming/joining herself to/marrying

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Consequently, while her husband is still alive, she would be called an adulteress if she joins herself to another man; but if her husband dies, she is free from that law, so she would not be an adulteress by becoming another man’s wife.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  So then if, while her husband liveth, she be married to another man, she shall be called an adulteress: but if her husband be dead, she is free fm that law; so that she is no adulteress, though she be married to another man.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  So then if, while her husband lives, she is married to another man, she will be called an adulteress: but if her husband is dead, she is free from that law; so that she is not an adulteress, though she is married to another man.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  So then if, while her husband liveth, she be married to another man, she shall be called an adulteress: but if her husband be dead, she is free from that law; so that she is no adulteress, though she be married to another man.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  So then if, while the husband liveth, she be joined to another man, she shall be called an adulteress: but if the husband die, she is free from the law, so that she is no adulteress, though she be joined to another man.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  So then if, while her husband liveth, she be married to another man, she shall be called an adulteress: but if her husband be dead, she is free from that law; so that she is no adulteress, though she be married to another man.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  So then yf whill the man liveth she couple her selfe with another man she shalbe counted a wedlocke breaker. But yf the man be deed she is fre fro the lawe: so that she is no wedlocke breaker though she couple her selfe with another man.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Yf she be now with another man, whyle the man lyueth, she shal be called a wedlocke breaker. But yf the man be deed, then is she fre from the lawe, so that she is no wedlocke breaker, yf she be with another man.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  So then, if while the man liueth, she taketh another man, she shalbe called an adulteresse: but if the man be dead, she is free fro the Law, so that shee is not an adulteresse, though shee take another man.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  So then yf whyle the man lyueth, she couple her selfe with another man, she shalbe counted a wedlocke breaker: But yf the man be dead, she is free from the law, so that she is no wedlocke breaker, though she couple her selfe with another man.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  So then if, while [her] husband liveth, she be married to another man, she shall be called an adulteress: but if her husband be dead, she is free from that law; so that she is no adulteress, though she be married to another man.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  So then if, while the husband lives, she is joined to another man, she would be called an adulteress. But if the husband dies, she is free from the law, so that she is no adulteress, though she is joined to another man.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  so, then, the husband being alive, an adulteress she shall be called if she may become another man's; and if the husband may die, she is free from the law, so as not to be an adulteress, having become another man's.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  So then if, while the husband liveth, she be joined to another man, she shall be called an adulteress: but if the husband die, she is free from the law, so that she is no adulteress, though she be joined to another man.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  So then if, while the husband liveth, she be joined to another man, she shall be called an adulteress: but if the husband die, she is free from the law, so that she is no adulteress, though she be joined to another man.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  So if, while the husband is living, she is joined to another man, she will get the name of one who is untrue to her husband: but if the husband is dead, she is free from the law, so that she is not untrue, even if she takes another man.

• World English Bible (2000)

  So then if, while the husband lives, she is joined to another man, she would be called an adulteress. But if the husband dies, she is free from the law, so that she is no adulteress, though she is joined to another man.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  So then, if she is joined to another man while her husband is alive, she will be called an adulteress. But if her husband dies, she is free from that law, and if she is joined to another man, she is not an adulteress.

Referenced Verses

• Matt 5:32 : 32 { "verseID": "Matthew.5.32", "source": "Ἐγὼ δὲ λέγω ὑμῖν, Ὅτι ὃς ἂν ἀπολύσῃ τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ, παρεκτὸς λόγου πορνείας, ποιεῖ αὐτὴν μοιχᾶσθαι: καὶ ὃς ἐὰν ἀπολελυμένην γαμήσῃ μοιχᾶται.", "text": "*Egō* *de* *legō* to-you, That who *an* *apolysē* the *gynaika* of-him, *parektos* *logou* *porneias*, *poiei* her *moichasthai*: and who *ean* *apolelymemēn* *gamēsē* *moichatai*.", "grammar": { "*Egō*": "nominative personal pronoun - I", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and", "*legō*": "present active indicative, 1st person singular - I say/tell", "*an*": "modal particle with subjunctive - ever/possibly", "*apolysē*": "aorist active subjunctive, 3rd person singular - might divorce/dismiss", "*gynaika*": "accusative feminine singular - wife/woman", "*parektos*": "preposition - except/apart from", "*logou*": "genitive masculine singular - of word/matter/reason", "*porneias*": "genitive feminine singular - of sexual immorality", "*poiei*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - makes/causes", "*moichasthai*": "present middle/passive infinitive - to commit adultery", "*ean*": "conditional conjunction - if", "*apolelymemēn*": "perfect passive participle, accusative feminine singular - having been divorced", "*gamēsē*": "aorist active subjunctive, 3rd person singular - might marry", "*moichatai*": "present middle/passive indicative, 3rd person singular - commits adultery" }, "variants": { "*Egō*": "I/myself", "*legō*": "say/tell/speak", "*apolysē*": "might divorce/dismiss/send away", "*gynaika*": "wife/woman", "*parektos*": "except/apart from/besides", "*logou*": "word/matter/reason/account", "*porneias*": "sexual immorality/fornication/prostitution", "*poiei*": "makes/causes/does", "*moichasthai*": "to commit adultery/be unfaithful", "*apolelymemēn*": "having been divorced/dismissed/sent away", "*gamēsē*": "might marry/take as wife", "*moichatai*": "commits adultery/is unfaithful" } }
• Mark 10:6-9 : 6 { "verseID": "Mark.10.6", "source": "Ἀπὸ δὲ ἀρχῆς κτίσεως ἄρσεν καὶ θῆλυ ἐποίησεν αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεός.", "text": "But from *archēs* of *ktiseōs* *arsen* and *thēly* *epoiēsen* them the *Theos*.", "grammar": { "*archēs*": "genitive feminine singular - beginning/origin", "*ktiseōs*": "genitive feminine singular - of creation", "*arsen*": "accusative neuter singular - male", "*thēly*": "accusative neuter singular - female", "*epoiēsen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - made/created", "*Theos*": "nominative masculine singular - God" }, "variants": { "*archēs*": "beginning/origin/first", "*ktiseōs*": "creation/act of creating", "*arsen*": "male", "*thēly*": "female", "*epoiēsen*": "made/created/formed", "*Theos*": "God/deity" } } 7 { "verseID": "Mark.10.7", "source": "Ἕνεκεν τούτου καταλείψει ἄνθρωπος τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν μητέρα, καὶ προσκολληθήσεται πρὸς τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ·", "text": "*Heneken* of this shall *kataleipsei* *anthrōpos* the *patera* of him and the *mētera*, and shall *proskollēthēsetai* *pros* the *gynaika* of him;", "grammar": { "*Heneken*": "preposition + genitive - because of/for this reason", "*kataleipsei*": "future active indicative, 3rd singular - will leave", "*anthrōpos*": "nominative masculine singular - man/person/human", "*patera*": "accusative masculine singular - father", "*mētera*": "accusative feminine singular - mother", "*proskollēthēsetai*": "future passive indicative, 3rd singular - will be joined to/cleave to", "*pros*": "preposition + accusative - to/toward", "*gynaika*": "accusative feminine singular - wife/woman" }, "variants": { "*Heneken*": "because of/for this reason/on account of", "*kataleipsei*": "will leave/will depart from/will abandon", "*anthrōpos*": "man/person/human being", "*proskollēthēsetai*": "will be joined to/will cleave to/will be glued to", "*gynaika*": "wife/woman" } } 8 { "verseID": "Mark.10.8", "source": "Καὶ ἔσονται οἱ δύο εἰς σάρκα μίαν: ὥστε οὐκέτι εἰσὶν δύο, ἀλλὰ μία σάρξ.", "text": "And *esontai* the two into *sarka* one: so that no longer *eisin* two, but one *sarx*.", "grammar": { "*esontai*": "future middle indicative, 3rd plural - they will be", "*sarka*": "accusative feminine singular - flesh", "*eisin*": "present active indicative, 3rd plural - they are", "*sarx*": "nominative feminine singular - flesh" }, "variants": { "*esontai*": "will be/shall be", "*sarka*": "flesh/body/physical nature", "*eisin*": "they are/they exist", "*sarx*": "flesh/body/physical nature" } } 9 { "verseID": "Mark.10.9", "source": "Ὃ οὖν ὁ Θεὸς συνέζευξεν, ἄνθρωπος μὴ χωριζέτω.", "text": "What therefore the *Theos* *synezeuxen*, *anthrōpos* *mē* *chōrizetō*.", "grammar": { "*Theos*": "nominative masculine singular - God", "*synezeuxen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - joined together/yoked together", "*anthrōpos*": "nominative masculine singular - man/person/human", "*mē*": "negative particle - not", "*chōrizetō*": "present active imperative, 3rd singular - let [him] separate/divide" }, "variants": { "*Theos*": "God/deity", "*synezeuxen*": "joined together/yoked together/united", "*anthrōpos*": "man/person/human being", "*chōrizetō*": "let separate/let divide/let part" } } 10 { "verseID": "Mark.10.10", "source": "Καὶ ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ πάλιν οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ περὶ τοῦ αὐτοῦ ἐπηρώτησαν αὐτόν.", "text": "And in the *oikia* again the *mathētai* of him *peri* the same *epērōtēsan* him.", "grammar": { "*oikia*": "dative feminine singular - house/home", "*mathētai*": "nominative masculine plural - disciples", "*peri*": "preposition + genitive - concerning/about", "*epērōtēsan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd plural - they asked/questioned" }, "variants": { "*oikia*": "house/home/dwelling", "*mathētai*": "disciples/students/followers", "*peri*": "concerning/about/regarding", "*epērōtēsan*": "asked/questioned/inquired of" } } 11 { "verseID": "Mark.10.11", "source": "Καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς, Ὃς ἐὰν ἀπολύσῃ τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ, καὶ γαμήσῃ ἄλλην, μοιχᾶται ἐπʼ αὐτήν.", "text": "And he *legei* to them, Whoever *ean* *apolysē* the *gynaika* of him, and *gamēsē* another, *moichatai* *ep* her.", "grammar": { "*legei*": "present active indicative, 3rd singular - says/speaks", "*ean*": "conditional particle - if", "*apolysē*": "aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular - should divorce/send away", "*gynaika*": "accusative feminine singular - wife/woman", "*gamēsē*": "aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular - should marry", "*moichatai*": "present middle/passive indicative, 3rd singular - commits adultery", "*ep*": "preposition + accusative - against" }, "variants": { "*legei*": "says/speaks/tells", "*apolysē*": "should divorce/should send away/should dismiss", "*gynaika*": "wife/woman", "*gamēsē*": "should marry/takes as wife", "*moichatai*": "commits adultery/is unfaithful", "*ep*": "against/toward/with respect to" } } 12 { "verseID": "Mark.10.12", "source": "Καὶ ἐὰν γυνὴ ἀπολύσῃ τὸν ἄνδρα αὐτῆς, καὶ γαμηθῇ ἄλλῳ, μοιχᾶται.", "text": "And if *gynē* *apolysē* the *andra* of her, and *gamēthē* to another, she *moichatai*.", "grammar": { "*gynē*": "nominative feminine singular - woman/wife", "*apolysē*": "aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular - should divorce/send away", "*andra*": "accusative masculine singular - husband/man", "*gamēthē*": "aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd singular - should be married", "*moichatai*": "present middle/passive indicative, 3rd singular - commits adultery" }, "variants": { "*gynē*": "woman/wife", "*apolysē*": "should divorce/should send away/should dismiss", "*andra*": "husband/man", "*gamēthē*": "should be married/be taken in marriage", "*moichatai*": "commits adultery/is unfaithful" } }
• John 8:3-5 : 3 { "verseID": "John.8.3", "source": "Ἄγουσιν δὲ οἱ γραμματεῖς καὶ οἱ Φαρισαῖοι πρὸς αὐτὸν γυναῖκα ἐν μοιχείᾳ κατειλημμένην· καὶ στήσαντες αὐτὴν ἐν μέσῳ,", "text": "*Agousin* *de* the *grammateis* and the *Pharisaioi* *pros* him a *gynaika* in *moicheia* *kateilēmmenēn*; and having *stēsantes* her in *mesō*,", "grammar": { "*Agousin*": "present active indicative, 3rd plural - they lead/bring", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and/now", "*grammateis*": "nominative, masculine, plural - scribes", "*Pharisaioi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - Pharisees", "*pros*": "preposition + accusative - to/toward", "*gynaika*": "accusative, feminine, singular - woman", "*moicheia*": "dative, feminine, singular - in adultery", "*kateilēmmenēn*": "perfect passive participle, accusative, feminine, singular - having been caught/seized", "*stēsantes*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having set/placed/stood", "*mesō*": "dative, neuter, singular - in middle/midst" }, "variants": { "*Agousin*": "bring/lead/conduct", "*grammateis*": "scribes/experts in the law", "*kateilēmmenēn*": "caught/seized/taken in the act", "*stēsantes*": "having set/placed/stood/positioned" } } 4 { "verseID": "John.8.4", "source": "Λέγουσιν αὐτῷ, Διδάσκαλε, αὕτη ἡ γυνὴ κατειλήφθη ἐπ αυτοφώρῳ, μοιχευομένη.", "text": "They *legousin* to him, *Didaskale*, this *gynē* *kateilēphthē* *ep* *autophōrō*, *moicheuomenē*.", "grammar": { "*legousin*": "present active indicative, 3rd plural - they say/speak", "*Didaskale*": "vocative, masculine, singular - Teacher", "*gynē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - woman", "*kateilēphthē*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular - was caught/seized", "*ep*": "preposition + dative - in/at", "*autophōrō*": "dative, neuter, singular - in the very act", "*moicheuomenē*": "present passive participle, nominative, feminine, singular - being committed adultery/in adultery" }, "variants": { "*legousin*": "say/speak/tell", "*Didaskale*": "Teacher/Master/Instructor", "*kateilēphthē*": "was caught/seized/apprehended", "*autophōrō*": "in the very act/red-handed", "*moicheuomenē*": "committing adultery/in the act of adultery" } } 5 { "verseID": "John.8.5", "source": "Ἐν δὲ τῷ νόμῳ Μωσῆς ἡμῖν ἐνετείλατο, τὰς τοιαύτας λιθοβολεῖσθαι: σὺ οὖν τί λέγεις;", "text": "In *de* the *nomō* *Mōsēs* to us *eneteilato*, the such *lithoboleisthai*: you *oun* what *legeis*?", "grammar": { "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and/now", "*nomō*": "dative, masculine, singular - law", "*Mōsēs*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Moses", "*eneteilato*": "aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular - commanded/ordered", "*lithoboleisthai*": "present passive infinitive - to be stoned", "*oun*": "inferential conjunction - therefore/then", "*legeis*": "present active indicative, 2nd singular - you say" }, "variants": { "*nomō*": "law/Torah", "*eneteilato*": "commanded/ordered/charged", "*lithoboleisthai*": "to be stoned to death" } }
• 1 Tim 5:11-14 : 11 { "verseID": "1 Timothy.5.11", "source": "Νεωτέρας δὲ χήρας παραιτοῦ: ὅταν γὰρ καταστρηνιάσωσιν τοῦ Χριστοῦ, γαμεῖν θέλουσιν·", "text": "*Neōteras* *de* *chēras* *paraitou*: *hotan* *gar* *katastrēniasōsin* *tou* *Christou*, *gamein* *thelousin*;", "grammar": { "*Neōteras*": "accusative, feminine, plural - younger", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and", "*chēras*": "accusative, feminine, plural - widows", "*paraitou*": "present middle imperative, 2nd person singular - refuse/decline/reject", "*hotan*": "temporal conjunction - when/whenever", "*gar*": "postpositive conjunction - for", "*katastrēniasōsin*": "aorist active subjunctive, 3rd person plural - they feel sensual desires against", "*tou*": "genitive, masculine, singular article - the", "*Christou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - Christ", "*gamein*": "present active infinitive - to marry", "*thelousin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person plural - they wish/desire" }, "variants": { "*paraitou*": "refuse/decline/reject [from the list]", "*katastrēniasōsin*": "feel sensual desires against/grow wanton against/feel strong physical desires in opposition to" } } 12 { "verseID": "1 Timothy.5.12", "source": "Ἔχουσαι κρίμα, ὅτι τὴν πρώτην πίστιν ἠθέτησαν.", "text": "*Echousai* *krima*, *hoti* *tēn* *prōtēn* *pistin* *ēthetēsan*.", "grammar": { "*Echousai*": "present active participle, nominative, feminine, plural - having", "*krima*": "accusative, neuter, singular - judgment/condemnation", "*hoti*": "conjunction - because", "*tēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular article - the", "*prōtēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - first", "*pistin*": "accusative, feminine, singular - faith/pledge", "*ēthetēsan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - they set aside/rejected" }, "variants": { "*krima*": "judgment/condemnation/guilty verdict", "*prōtēn* *pistin*": "first faith/initial pledge/original commitment", "*ēthetēsan*": "set aside/rejected/broke/nullified" } } 13 { "verseID": "1 Timothy.5.13", "source": "Ἅμα δὲ καὶ ἀργαὶ μανθάνουσιν, περιερχόμεναι τὰς οἰκίας· οὐ μόνον δὲ ἀργαὶ, ἀλλὰ καὶ φλύαροι καὶ περίεργοι, λαλοῦσαι τὰ μὴ δέοντα.", "text": "*Hama* *de* *kai* *argai* *manthanousin*, *perierchomenai* *tas* *oikias*; *ou* *monon* *de* *argai*, *alla* *kai* *phluaroi* *kai* *periergoi*, *lalousai* *ta* *mē* *deonta*.", "grammar": { "*Hama*": "adverb - at the same time", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - and/but", "*kai*": "adverbial - also", "*argai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - idle/lazy", "*manthanousin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person plural - they learn", "*perierchomenai*": "present middle participle, nominative, feminine, plural - going around/wandering about", "*tas*": "accusative, feminine, plural article - the", "*oikias*": "accusative, feminine, plural - houses", "*ou*": "negative particle - not", "*monon*": "adverb - only", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - and/but", "*argai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - idle/lazy", "*alla*": "contrastive conjunction - but", "*kai*": "adverbial - also", "*phluaroi*": "nominative, feminine, plural - gossips/chatterers", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*periergoi*": "nominative, feminine, plural - busybodies/meddlers", "*lalousai*": "present active participle, nominative, feminine, plural - speaking", "*ta*": "accusative, neuter, plural article - the things", "*mē*": "negative particle - not", "*deonta*": "present active participle, accusative, neuter, plural - being proper/fitting" }, "variants": { "*argai*": "idle/lazy/unoccupied", "*manthanousin*": "they learn [as a habit]/they get into the habit", "*perierchomenai*": "going around/wandering about/making the rounds of", "*phluaroi*": "gossips/chatterers/babblers", "*periergoi*": "busybodies/meddlers/interfering in others' affairs", "*ta* *mē* *deonta*": "things not proper/inappropriate matters/what should not be said" } } 14 { "verseID": "1 Timothy.5.14", "source": "Βούλομαι οὖν νεωτέρας γαμεῖν, τεκνογονεῖν, οἰκοδεσποτεῖν, μηδεμίαν ἀφορμὴν διδόναι τῷ ἀντικειμένῳ λοιδορίας χάριν.", "text": "*Boulomai* *oun* *neōteras* *gamein*, *teknogonein*, *oikodespotein*, *mēdemian* *aphormēn* *didonai* *tō* *antikeimenō* *loidorias* *charin*.", "grammar": { "*Boulomai*": "present middle indicative, 1st person singular - I want/desire", "*oun*": "inferential particle - therefore", "*neōteras*": "accusative, feminine, plural - younger women", "*gamein*": "present active infinitive - to marry", "*teknogonein*": "present active infinitive - to bear children", "*oikodespotein*": "present active infinitive - to manage their households", "*mēdemian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - not any/no", "*aphormēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - opportunity/occasion", "*didonai*": "present active infinitive - to give", "*tō*": "dative, masculine, singular article - to the", "*antikeimenō*": "present middle/passive participle, dative, masculine, singular - opponent/adversary", "*loidorias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - reviling/slander", "*charin*": "preposition with genitive - for the sake of" }, "variants": { "*Boulomai*": "I want/I desire/I prefer", "*neōteras*": "younger women [widows in context]", "*oikodespotein*": "manage their households/rule their homes", "*aphormēn*": "opportunity/occasion/base of operations", "*antikeimenō*": "opponent/adversary/one who opposes [could refer to Satan or human opponents]", "*loidorias*": "reviling/slander/reproach/abusive speech" } }
• Exod 20:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Exodus.20.14", "source": "לֹ֣֖א תִּֿנְאָ֑͏ֽף׃", "text": "*lōʾ tinʾāp̄*", "grammar": { "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tinʾāp̄*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall commit adultery" }, "variants": { "*tinʾāp̄*": "commit adultery/be sexually unfaithful" } }
• Lev 20:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Leviticus.20.10", "source": "וְאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִנְאַף֙ אֶת־אֵ֣שֶׁת אִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִנְאַ֖ף אֶת־אֵ֣שֶׁת רֵעֵ֑הוּ מֽוֹת־יוּמַ֥ת הַנֹּאֵ֖ף וְהַנֹּאָֽפֶת׃", "text": "*wᵊ-ʾîš* *ʾăšer* *yinʾap* *ʾet*-*ʾēšet* *ʾîš* *ʾăšer* *yinʾap* *ʾet*-*ʾēšet* *rēʿēhû* *môt*-*yûmat* *ha-nōʾēp* and-*ha-nōʾāpet*", "grammar": { "*wᵊ-ʾîš*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and a man", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/that", "*yinʾap*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - commits adultery with", "*ʾet*-*ʾēšet*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular construct - wife of", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/that", "*yinʾap*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - commits adultery with", "*ʾet*-*ʾēšet*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular construct - wife of", "*rēʿēhû*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his neighbor", "*môt*-*yûmat*": "infinitive absolute + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Hophal - surely be put to death", "*ha-nōʾēp*": "definite article + participle, masculine singular - the adulterer", "*wᵊ-ha-nōʾāpet*": "conjunction + definite article + participle, feminine singular - and the adulteress" }, "variants": { "*yinʾap*": "commits adultery with/has sexual relations with", "*ʾēšet* *ʾîš*": "another man's wife/married woman", "*ʾēšet* *rēʿēhû*": "his neighbor's wife/his friend's wife", "*môt*-*yûmat*": "must surely be put to death/shall certainly be put to death", "*ha-nōʾēp*": "the adulterer/the man who commits adultery", "*ha-nōʾāpet*": "the adulteress/the woman who commits adultery" } }
• Num 5:13-31 : 13 { "verseID": "Numbers.5.13", "source": "וְשָׁכַ֨ב אִ֣ישׁ אֹתָהּ֮ שִׁכְבַת־זֶרַע֒ וְנֶעְלַם֙ מֵעֵינֵ֣י אִישָׁ֔הּ וְנִסְתְּרָ֖ה וְהִ֣יא נִטְמָ֑אָה וְעֵד֙ אֵ֣ין בָּ֔הּ וְהִ֖וא לֹ֥א נִתְפָּֽשָׂה׃", "text": "And *šāḵaḇ* *ʾîš* *ʾōtāh* *šiḵḇat*-*zeraʿ* and *neʿlam* from-*ʿênê* *ʾîšāh* and *nistərāh* and-she *niṭmāʾāh* and-*ʿēd* not in-her and-she not *nitpāśāh*", "grammar": { "*šāḵaḇ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw conjunctive - and he lies with", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular - man", "*ʾōtāh*": "direct object marker with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her", "*šiḵḇat*": "feminine singular construct - lying of", "*zeraʿ*": "masculine singular - seed/semen", "*neʿlam*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw conjunctive - and it is hidden", "*ʿênê*": "dual construct - eyes of", "*ʾîšāh*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her husband", "*nistərāh*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular with waw conjunctive - and she is hidden/concealed", "*niṭmāʾāh*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she is defiled", "*ʿēd*": "masculine singular - witness", "*nitpāśāh*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she is caught/seized" }, "variants": { "*šāḵaḇ*": "lies with/has sexual relations with", "*ʾîš*": "man/male person", "*šiḵḇat*-*zeraʿ*": "emission of semen/sexual intercourse", "*neʿlam*": "is hidden/concealed/secret", "*ʿênê*": "eyes/sight", "*ʾîšāh*": "her husband/her man", "*nistərāh*": "is hidden/concealed/secret", "*niṭmāʾāh*": "is defiled/made unclean/impure", "*ʿēd*": "witness/testimony/evidence", "*nitpāśāh*": "is caught/seized/discovered" } } 14 { "verseID": "Numbers.5.14", "source": "וְעָבַ֨ר עָלָ֧יו רֽוּחַ־קִנְאָ֛ה וְקִנֵּ֥א אֶת־אִשְׁתּ֖וֹ וְהִ֣וא נִטְמָ֑אָה אוֹ־עָבַ֨ר עָלָ֤יו רֽוּחַ־קִנְאָה֙ וְקִנֵּ֣א אֶת־אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ וְהִ֖יא לֹ֥א נִטְמָֽאָה׃", "text": "And *ʿāḇar* upon-him *rûaḥ*-*qinʾāh* and *qinnēʾ* *ʾet*-*ʾištô* and-she *niṭmāʾāh* or-*ʿāḇar* upon-him *rûaḥ*-*qinʾāh* and *qinnēʾ* *ʾet*-*ʾištô* and-she not *niṭmāʾāh*", "grammar": { "*ʿāḇar*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw conjunctive - and passes over", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular construct - spirit of", "*qinʾāh*": "feminine singular - jealousy", "*qinnēʾ*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw conjunctive - and he is jealous of", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾištô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wife", "*niṭmāʾāh*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she is defiled", "*ʿāḇar*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - passes over", "*niṭmāʾāh*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she is defiled" }, "variants": { "*ʿāḇar*": "passes over/comes upon/overtakes", "*rûaḥ*-*qinʾāh*": "spirit of jealousy/jealous feeling/suspicion", "*qinnēʾ*": "is jealous of/suspects/is suspicious of", "*ʾištô*": "his wife/woman", "*niṭmāʾāh*": "is defiled/made unclean/impure" } } 15 { "verseID": "Numbers.5.15", "source": "וְהֵבִ֨יא הָאִ֣ישׁ אֶת־אִשְׁתּוֹ֮ אֶל־הַכֹּהֵן֒ וְהֵבִ֤יא אֶת־קָרְבָּנָהּ֙ עָלֶ֔יהָ עֲשִׂירִ֥ת הָאֵיפָ֖ה קֶ֣מַח שְׂעֹרִ֑ים לֹֽא־יִצֹ֨ק עָלָ֜יו שֶׁ֗מֶן וְלֹֽא־יִתֵּ֤ן עָלָיו֙ לְבֹנָ֔ה כִּֽי־מִנְחַ֤ת קְנָאֹת֙ ה֔וּא מִנְחַ֥ת זִכָּר֖וֹן מַזְכֶּ֥רֶת עָוֺֽן׃", "text": "And *hēḇîʾ* the-*ʾîš* *ʾet*-*ʾištô* to-the-*kōhēn* and *hēḇîʾ* *ʾet*-*qorbānāh* upon-her tenth the-*ʾêpāh* *qemaḥ* *śəʿōrîm* not-*yiṣōq* upon-it *šemen* and-not-*yittēn* upon-it *ləḇōnāh* for-*minḥat* *qənāʾōt* he *minḥat* *zikkārôn* *mazkeret* *ʿāwōn*", "grammar": { "*hēḇîʾ*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw conjunctive - and he shall bring", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular with definite article - the man", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾištô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wife", "*kōhēn*": "masculine singular with definite article - the priest", "*hēḇîʾ*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw conjunctive - and he shall bring", "*qorbānāh*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her offering", "*ʾêpāh*": "feminine singular with definite article - the ephah", "*qemaḥ*": "masculine singular - flour/meal", "*śəʿōrîm*": "feminine plural - barley", "*yiṣōq*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shall pour", "*šemen*": "masculine singular - oil", "*yittēn*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shall put", "*ləḇōnāh*": "feminine singular - frankincense", "*minḥat*": "feminine singular construct - offering of", "*qənāʾōt*": "feminine plural - jealousies", "*minḥat*": "feminine singular construct - offering of", "*zikkārôn*": "masculine singular - remembrance", "*mazkeret*": "Hiphil participle, feminine singular - bringing to remembrance", "*ʿāwōn*": "masculine singular - iniquity" }, "variants": { "*hēḇîʾ*": "bring/cause to come", "*ʾîš*": "man/husband", "*ʾištô*": "his wife/woman", "*kōhēn*": "priest/officiant", "*qorbānāh*": "her offering/sacrifice/oblation", "*ʾêpāh*": "ephah/measure [approximately 22 liters]", "*qemaḥ*": "flour/meal", "*śəʿōrîm*": "barley grains", "*yiṣōq*": "pour/add", "*šemen*": "oil/olive oil", "*yittēn*": "put/place/add", "*ləḇōnāh*": "frankincense/incense", "*minḥat* *qənāʾōt*": "offering of jealousy/jealousy offering", "*minḥat* *zikkārôn*": "offering of remembrance/memorial offering", "*mazkeret* *ʿāwōn*": "bringing iniquity to remembrance/reminding of guilt" } } 16 { "verseID": "Numbers.5.16", "source": "וְהִקְרִ֥יב אֹתָ֖הּ הַכֹּהֵ֑ן וְהֶֽעֱמִדָ֖הּ לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "And *hiqrîḇ* *ʾōtāh* the-*kōhēn* and *heʿĕmîdāh* before *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*hiqrîḇ*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw conjunctive - and he shall bring near", "*ʾōtāh*": "direct object marker with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her", "*kōhēn*": "masculine singular with definite article - the priest", "*heʿĕmîdāh*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix with waw conjunctive - and he shall cause her to stand" }, "variants": { "*hiqrîḇ*": "bring near/present/offer", "*kōhēn*": "priest/officiant", "*heʿĕmîdāh*": "cause to stand/set/place" } } 17 { "verseID": "Numbers.5.17", "source": "וְלָקַ֧ח הַכֹּהֵ֛ן מַ֥יִם קְדֹשִׁ֖ים בִּכְלִי־חָ֑רֶשׂ וּמִן־הֶֽעָפָ֗ר אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִהְיֶה֙ בְּקַרְקַ֣ע הַמִּשְׁכָּ֔ן יִקַּ֥ח הַכֹּהֵ֖ן וְנָתַ֥ן אֶל־הַמָּֽיִם׃", "text": "And *lāqaḥ* the-*kōhēn* *mayim* *qədōšîm* in-*kəlî*-*ḥāreś* and-from-the-*ʿāpār* which *yihyeh* in-*qarqaʿ* the-*miškān* *yiqqaḥ* the-*kōhēn* and *nātan* to-the-*mayim*", "grammar": { "*lāqaḥ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw conjunctive - and he shall take", "*kōhēn*": "masculine singular with definite article - the priest", "*mayim*": "masculine plural - water", "*qədōšîm*": "masculine plural - holy", "*kəlî*": "masculine singular construct - vessel of", "*ḥāreś*": "masculine singular - clay/earthenware", "*ʿāpār*": "masculine singular with definite article - the dust", "*yihyeh*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will be", "*qarqaʿ*": "masculine singular construct - floor of", "*miškān*": "masculine singular with definite article - the tabernacle", "*yiqqaḥ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shall take", "*kōhēn*": "masculine singular with definite article - the priest", "*nātan*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw conjunctive - and he shall put" }, "variants": { "*lāqaḥ*": "take/get/fetch", "*kōhēn*": "priest/officiant", "*mayim* *qədōšîm*": "holy water/consecrated water", "*kəlî*-*ḥāreś*": "earthen vessel/clay pot", "*ʿāpār*": "dust/dirt/soil", "*yihyeh*": "will be/is", "*qarqaʿ*": "floor/ground", "*miškān*": "tabernacle/dwelling place", "*yiqqaḥ*": "take/gather", "*nātan*": "put/place/add" } } 18 { "verseID": "Numbers.5.18", "source": "וְהֶעֱמִ֨יד הַכֹּהֵ֥ן אֶֽת־הָאִשָּׁה֮ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָה֒ וּפָרַע֙ אֶת־רֹ֣אשׁ הָֽאִשָּׁ֔ה וְנָתַ֣ן עַל־כַּפֶּ֗יהָ אֵ֚ת מִנְחַ֣ת הַזִּכָּר֔וֹן מִנְחַ֥ת קְנָאֹ֖ת הִ֑וא וּבְיַ֤ד הַכֹּהֵן֙ יִהְי֔וּ מֵ֥י הַמָּרִ֖ים הַמְאָֽרֲרִֽים׃", "text": "And *heʿĕmîd* the-*kōhēn* *ʾet*-the-*ʾiššāh* before *YHWH* and *pāraʿ* *ʾet*-*rōʾš* the-*ʾiššāh* and *nātan* upon-*kappeyāh* *ʾēt* *minḥat* the-*zikkārôn* *minḥat* *qənāʾōt* she and-in-*yad* the-*kōhēn* *yihyû* *mê* the-*mārîm* the-*məʾārărîm*", "grammar": { "*heʿĕmîd*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw conjunctive - and he shall cause to stand", "*kōhēn*": "masculine singular with definite article - the priest", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾiššāh*": "feminine singular with definite article - the woman", "*pāraʿ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw conjunctive - and he shall uncover/unbind", "*rōʾš*": "masculine singular construct - head of", "*ʾiššāh*": "feminine singular with definite article - the woman", "*nātan*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw conjunctive - and he shall put", "*kappeyāh*": "dual noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her hands/palms", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*minḥat*": "feminine singular construct - offering of", "*zikkārôn*": "masculine singular with definite article - the remembrance", "*minḥat*": "feminine singular construct - offering of", "*qənāʾōt*": "feminine plural - jealousies", "*yad*": "feminine singular construct - hand of", "*kōhēn*": "masculine singular with definite article - the priest", "*yihyû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they shall be", "*mê*": "masculine plural construct - waters of", "*mārîm*": "masculine plural with definite article - the bitter", "*məʾārărîm*": "Piel participle, masculine plural with definite article - the cursing" }, "variants": { "*heʿĕmîd*": "cause to stand/set/place", "*kōhēn*": "priest/officiant", "*ʾiššāh*": "woman/wife", "*pāraʿ*": "uncover/unbind/loosen", "*rōʾš*": "head/hair", "*nātan*": "put/place/set", "*kappeyāh*": "her palms/hands", "*minḥat* *zikkārôn*": "memorial offering/offering of remembrance", "*minḥat* *qənāʾōt*": "jealousy offering/offering of jealousy", "*yad*": "hand/power/control", "*yihyû*": "they shall be/remain", "*mê* *mārîm*": "bitter water", "*məʾārărîm*": "causing curse/bringing about curse" } } 19 { "verseID": "Numbers.5.19", "source": "וְהִשְׁבִּ֨יעַ אֹתָ֜הּ הַכֹּהֵ֗ן וְאָמַ֤ר אֶל־הָֽאִשָּׁה֙ אִם־לֹ֨א שָׁכַ֥ב אִישׁ֙ אֹתָ֔ךְ וְאִם־לֹ֥א שָׂטִ֛ית טֻמְאָ֖ה תַּ֣חַת אִישֵׁ֑ךְ הִנָּקִ֕י מִמֵּ֛י הַמָּרִ֥ים הַֽמְאָרֲרִ֖ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃", "text": "And *hišbîaʿ* *ʾōtāh* the-*kōhēn* and *ʾāmar* to-the-*ʾiššāh* if-not *šāḵaḇ* *ʾîš* *ʾōtāḵ* and-if-not *śāṭît* *ṭumʾāh* under *ʾîšēḵ* *hinnāqî* from-*mê* the-*mārîm* the-*məʾārărîm* these", "grammar": { "*hišbîaʿ*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw conjunctive - and he shall cause to swear", "*ʾōtāh*": "direct object marker with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her", "*kōhēn*": "masculine singular with definite article - the priest", "*ʾāmar*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw conjunctive - and he shall say", "*ʾiššāh*": "feminine singular with definite article - the woman", "*šāḵaḇ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has lain", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular - man", "*ʾōtāḵ*": "direct object marker with 2nd feminine singular suffix - with you", "*śāṭît*": "Qal perfect, 2nd feminine singular - you have gone aside/turned aside", "*ṭumʾāh*": "feminine singular - uncleanness/impurity", "*ʾîšēḵ*": "masculine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your husband", "*hinnāqî*": "Niphal imperative, feminine singular - be innocent/clear", "*mê*": "masculine plural construct - waters of", "*mārîm*": "masculine plural with definite article - the bitter", "*məʾārărîm*": "Piel participle, masculine plural with definite article - the cursing" }, "variants": { "*hišbîaʿ*": "cause to swear/put under oath", "*kōhēn*": "priest/officiant", "*ʾāmar*": "say/speak/tell", "*ʾiššāh*": "woman/wife", "*šāḵaḇ*": "lain with/had sexual relations with", "*ʾîš*": "man/male person", "*śāṭît*": "gone aside/turned aside/been unfaithful", "*ṭumʾāh*": "uncleanness/impurity/defilement", "*ʾîšēḵ*": "your husband/your man", "*hinnāqî*": "be innocent/be free/be exempt", "*mê* *mārîm*": "bitter water", "*məʾārărîm*": "bringing curse/causing curse" } } 20 { "verseID": "Numbers.5.20", "source": "וְאַ֗תְּ כִּ֥י שָׂטִ֛ית תַּ֥חַת אִישֵׁ֖ךְ וְכִ֣י נִטְמֵ֑את וַיִּתֵּ֨ן אִ֥ישׁ בָּךְ֙ אֶת־שְׁכָבְתּ֔וֹ מִֽבַּלְעֲדֵ֖י אִישֵֽׁךְ׃", "text": "And *ʾatt* if *śāṭît* under *ʾîšēḵ* and-if *niṭmēʾt* and *yittēn* *ʾîš* in-you *ʾet*-*šəḵāḇtô* besides *ʾîšēḵ*", "grammar": { "*ʾatt*": "2nd feminine singular personal pronoun - you", "*śāṭît*": "Qal perfect, 2nd feminine singular - you have gone aside/turned aside", "*ʾîšēḵ*": "masculine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your husband", "*niṭmēʾt*": "Niphal perfect, 2nd feminine singular with waw conjunctive - and you are defiled", "*yittēn*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and has given", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular - man", "*šəḵāḇtô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his emission", "*ʾîšēḵ*": "masculine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your husband" }, "variants": { "*ʾatt*": "you", "*śāṭît*": "gone aside/turned aside/been unfaithful", "*ʾîšēḵ*": "your husband/your man", "*niṭmēʾt*": "are defiled/made unclean/impure", "*yittēn*": "given/placed/put", "*ʾîš*": "man/male person", "*šəḵāḇtô*": "his emission/intercourse/lying with" } } 21 { "verseID": "Numbers.5.21", "source": "וְהִשְׁבִּ֨יעַ הַכֹּהֵ֥ן אֶֽת־הָֽאִשָּׁה֮ בִּשְׁבֻעַ֣ת הָאָלָה֒ וְאָמַ֤ר הַכֹּהֵן֙ לָֽאִשָּׁ֔ה יִתֵּ֨ן יְהוָ֥ה אוֹתָ֛ךְ לְאָלָ֥ה וְלִשְׁבֻעָ֖ה בְּת֣וֹךְ עַמֵּ֑ךְ בְּתֵ֨ת יְהוָ֤ה אֶת־יְרֵכֵךְ֙ נֹפֶ֔לֶת וְאֶת־בִּטְנֵ֖ךְ צָבָֽה׃", "text": "And *hišbîaʿ* the-*kōhēn* *ʾet*-the-*ʾiššāh* in-*šəḇuʿat* the-*ʾālāh* and *ʾāmar* the-*kōhēn* to-the-*ʾiššāh* *yittēn* *YHWH* *ʾôtāḵ* for-*ʾālāh* and-for-*šəḇuʿāh* in-midst *ʿammēḵ* in-*tēt* *YHWH* *ʾet*-*yərēḵēḵ* *nōpelet* and-*ʾet*-*biṭnēḵ* *ṣāḇāh*", "grammar": { "*hišbîaʿ*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw conjunctive - and he shall cause to swear", "*kōhēn*": "masculine singular with definite article - the priest", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾiššāh*": "feminine singular with definite article - the woman", "*šəḇuʿat*": "feminine singular construct - oath of", "*ʾālāh*": "feminine singular with definite article - the curse", "*ʾāmar*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw conjunctive - and he shall say", "*kōhēn*": "masculine singular with definite article - the priest", "*ʾiššāh*": "feminine singular with definite article - the woman", "*yittēn*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - may he make", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*ʾôtāḵ*": "direct object marker with 2nd feminine singular suffix - you", "*ʾālāh*": "feminine singular - curse", "*šəḇuʿāh*": "feminine singular - oath", "*ʿammēḵ*": "masculine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your people", "*tēt*": "Qal infinitive construct - giving", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yərēḵēḵ*": "feminine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your thigh", "*nōpelet*": "Qal participle, feminine singular - falling", "*biṭnēḵ*": "feminine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your belly", "*ṣāḇāh*": "Qal participle, feminine singular - swelling" }, "variants": { "*hišbîaʿ*": "cause to swear/put under oath", "*kōhēn*": "priest/officiant", "*ʾiššāh*": "woman/wife", "*šəḇuʿat*": "oath/swearing", "*ʾālāh*": "curse/imprecation", "*ʾāmar*": "say/speak/tell", "*yittēn*": "make/set/establish", "*ʾālāh*": "curse/example of cursing", "*šəḇuʿāh*": "oath/example of swearing", "*ʿammēḵ*": "your people/your nation", "*tēt*": "giving/causing/making", "*yərēḵēḵ*": "your thigh/hip/reproductive organs", "*nōpelet*": "falling/wasting away/shriveling", "*biṭnēḵ*": "your belly/abdomen", "*ṣāḇāh*": "swelling/distending" } } 22 { "verseID": "Numbers.5.22", "source": "וּ֠בָאוּ הַמַּ֨יִם הַמְאָרְרִ֤ים הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ בְּֽמֵעַ֔יִךְ לַצְבּ֥וֹת בֶּ֖טֶן וְלַנְפִּ֣ל יָרֵ֑ךְ וְאָמְרָ֥ה הָאִשָּׁ֖ה אָמֵ֥ן ׀ אָמֵֽן׃", "text": "And *ûḇāʾû* the-*mayim* the-*məʾārərîm* these into-*mēʿayiḵ* to-*laṣbôt* *beṭen* and-to-*lanpil* *yārēḵ* and *ʾāmərāh* the-*ʾiššāh* *ʾāmēn* *ʾāmēn*", "grammar": { "*ûḇāʾû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural with waw conjunctive - and they shall enter", "*mayim*": "masculine plural with definite article - the water", "*məʾārərîm*": "Piel participle, masculine plural with definite article - the cursing", "*mēʿayiḵ*": "masculine plural with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your bowels", "*laṣbôt*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to cause to swell", "*beṭen*": "feminine singular - belly", "*lanpil*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - to cause to fall", "*yārēḵ*": "feminine singular - thigh", "*ʾāmərāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular with waw conjunctive - and she shall say", "*ʾiššāh*": "feminine singular with definite article - the woman", "*ʾāmēn*": "adverb - truly/certainly [repeated]" }, "variants": { "*ûḇāʾû*": "enter/come/go", "*mayim* *məʾārərîm*": "cursing water/water that brings a curse", "*mēʿayiḵ*": "your bowels/intestines/internal organs", "*laṣbôt* *beṭen*": "to cause belly to swell/to make abdomen distend", "*lanpil* *yārēḵ*": "to cause thigh to fall/to make hip waste away", "*ʾāmərāh*": "say/speak/answer", "*ʾiššāh*": "woman/wife", "*ʾāmēn* *ʾāmēn*": "truly, truly/so be it, so be it" } } 23 { "verseID": "Numbers.5.23", "source": "וְ֠כָתַב אֶת־הָאָלֹ֥ת הָאֵ֛לֶּה הַכֹּהֵ֖ן בַּסֵּ֑פֶר וּמָחָ֖ה אֶל־מֵ֥י הַמָּרִֽים׃", "text": "And *wəḵātaḇ* *ʾet*-the-*ʾālōt* these the-*kōhēn* in-the-*sēper* and *māḥāh* into-*mê* the-*mārîm*", "grammar": { "*wəḵātaḇ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw conjunctive - and he shall write", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾālōt*": "feminine plural with definite article - the curses", "*kōhēn*": "masculine singular with definite article - the priest", "*sēper*": "masculine singular with definite article - the book/scroll", "*māḥāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw conjunctive - and he shall wipe/blot out", "*mê*": "masculine plural construct - waters of", "*mārîm*": "masculine plural with definite article - the bitter" }, "variants": { "*wəḵātaḇ*": "write/record/inscribe", "*ʾālōt*": "curses/imprecations", "*kōhēn*": "priest/officiant", "*sēper*": "book/scroll/document", "*māḥāh*": "wipe/blot out/dissolve", "*mê* *mārîm*": "bitter water/water of bitterness" } } 24 { "verseID": "Numbers.5.24", "source": "וְהִשְׁקָה֙ אֶת־הָ֣אִשָּׁ֔ה אֶת־מֵ֥י הַמָּרִ֖ים הַמְאָֽרֲרִ֑ים וּבָ֥אוּ בָ֛הּ הַמַּ֥יִם הַֽמְאָרֲרִ֖ים לְמָרִֽים׃", "text": "And *hišqāh* *ʾet*-the-*ʾiššāh* *ʾet*-*mê* the-*mārîm* the-*məʾārărîm* and *ûḇāʾû* in-her the-*mayim* the-*məʾārărîm* to-*mārîm*", "grammar": { "*hišqāh*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw conjunctive - and he shall cause to drink", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾiššāh*": "feminine singular with definite article - the woman", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*mê*": "masculine plural construct - waters of", "*mārîm*": "masculine plural with definite article - the bitter", "*məʾārărîm*": "Piel participle, masculine plural with definite article - the cursing", "*ûḇāʾû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural with waw conjunctive - and they shall enter", "*mayim*": "masculine plural with definite article - the water", "*məʾārărîm*": "Piel participle, masculine plural with definite article - the cursing", "*mārîm*": "masculine plural - bitter things" }, "variants": { "*hišqāh*": "cause to drink/give to drink", "*ʾiššāh*": "woman/wife", "*mê* *mārîm*": "bitter water/water of bitterness", "*məʾārărîm*": "bringing curse/causing curse", "*ûḇāʾû*": "enter/come into", "*mayim* *məʾārărîm*": "cursing water/water that brings a curse", "*mārîm*": "bitter things/bitterness/harm" } } 25 { "verseID": "Numbers.5.25", "source": "וְלָקַ֤ח הַכֹּהֵן֙ מִיַּ֣ד הָֽאִשָּׁ֔ה אֵ֖ת מִנְחַ֣ת הַקְּנָאֹ֑ת וְהֵנִ֤יף אֶת־הַמִּנְחָה֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וְהִקְרִ֥יב אֹתָ֖הּ אֶל־הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃", "text": "And *lāqaḥ* the-*kōhēn* from-*yad* the-*ʾiššāh* *ʾēt* *minḥat* the-*qənāʾōt* and *hēnîp* *ʾet*-the-*minḥāh* before *YHWH* and *hiqrîḇ* *ʾōtāh* to-the-*mizbēaḥ*", "grammar": { "*lāqaḥ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw conjunctive - and he shall take", "*kōhēn*": "masculine singular with definite article - the priest", "*yad*": "feminine singular construct - hand of", "*ʾiššāh*": "feminine singular with definite article - the woman", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*minḥat*": "feminine singular construct - offering of", "*qənāʾōt*": "feminine plural with definite article - the jealousies", "*hēnîp*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw conjunctive - and he shall wave", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*minḥāh*": "feminine singular with definite article - the offering", "*hiqrîḇ*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw conjunctive - and he shall bring near", "*ʾōtāh*": "direct object marker with 3rd feminine singular suffix - it", "*mizbēaḥ*": "masculine singular with definite article - the altar" }, "variants": { "*lāqaḥ*": "take/receive/accept", "*kōhēn*": "priest/officiant", "*yad*": "hand/control", "*ʾiššāh*": "woman/wife", "*minḥat* *qənāʾōt*": "jealousy offering/offering of jealousy", "*hēnîp*": "wave/lift/elevate", "*minḥāh*": "offering/oblation/gift", "*hiqrîḇ*": "bring near/present/offer", "*mizbēaḥ*": "altar/place of sacrifice" } } 26 { "verseID": "Numbers.5.26", "source": "וְקָמַ֨ץ הַכֹּהֵ֤ן מִן־הַמִּנְחָה֙ אֶת־אַזְכָּ֣רָתָ֔הּ וְהִקְטִ֖יר הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חָה וְאַחַ֛ר יַשְׁקֶ֥ה אֶת־הָאִשָּׁ֖ה אֶת־הַמָּֽיִם׃", "text": "And *qāmaṣ* the-*kōhēn* from-the-*minḥāh* *ʾet*-*ʾazkārātāh* and *hiqṭîr* the-*mizbēḥāh* and-after *yašqeh* *ʾet*-the-*ʾiššāh* *ʾet*-the-*māyim*", "grammar": { "*qāmaṣ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw conjunctive - and he shall take a handful", "*kōhēn*": "masculine singular with definite article - the priest", "*minḥāh*": "feminine singular with definite article - the offering", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾazkārātāh*": "feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - its memorial portion", "*hiqṭîr*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw conjunctive - and he shall burn", "*mizbēḥāh*": "masculine singular with definite article, directional suffix - on the altar", "*yašqeh*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shall cause to drink", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾiššāh*": "feminine singular with definite article - the woman", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*māyim*": "masculine plural with definite article - the water" }, "variants": { "*qāmaṣ*": "take a handful/grasp with the hand", "*kōhēn*": "priest/officiant", "*minḥāh*": "offering/meal offering", "*ʾazkārātāh*": "its memorial portion/its token portion", "*hiqṭîr*": "burn/turn into smoke/make into incense", "*mizbēḥāh*": "on the altar/to the altar", "*yašqeh*": "cause to drink/give to drink", "*ʾiššāh*": "woman/wife", "*māyim*": "water/liquid" } } 27 { "verseID": "Numbers.5.27", "source": "וְהִשְׁקָ֣הּ אֶת־הַמַּ֗יִם וְהָיְתָ֣ה אִֽם־נִטְמְאָה֮ וַתִּמְעֹ֣ל מַ֣עַל בְּאִישָׁהּ֒ וּבָ֨אוּ בָ֜הּ הַמַּ֤יִם הַמְאֽ͏ָרֲרִים֙ לְמָרִ֔ים וְצָבְתָ֣ה בִטְנָ֔הּ וְנָפְלָ֖ה יְרֵכָ֑הּ וְהָיְתָ֧ה הָאִשָּׁ֛ה לְאָלָ֖ה בְּקֶ֥רֶב עַמָּֽהּ׃", "text": "And *hišqāh* *ʾet*-the-*mayim* and *hāyətāh* if-*niṭməʾāh* and *timʿōl* *maʿal* in-*ʾîšāh* and *ûḇāʾû* in-her the-*mayim* the-*məʾārărîm* to-*mārîm* and *ṣāḇtāh* *biṭnāh* and *nāplāh* *yərēḵāh* and *hāyətāh* the-*ʾiššāh* to-*ʾālāh* in-*qereḇ* *ʿammāh*", "grammar": { "*hišqāh*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw conjunctive - and he shall cause to drink", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*mayim*": "masculine plural with definite article - the water", "*hāyətāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular with waw conjunctive - and it shall be", "*niṭməʾāh*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she is defiled", "*timʿōl*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular with waw consecutive - and she committed", "*maʿal*": "masculine singular - trespass/unfaithfulness", "*ʾîšāh*": "masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her husband", "*ûḇāʾû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural with waw conjunctive - and they shall enter", "*mayim*": "masculine plural with definite article - the water", "*məʾārărîm*": "Piel participle, masculine plural with definite article - the cursing", "*mārîm*": "masculine plural - bitter things", "*ṣāḇtāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular with waw conjunctive - and it shall swell", "*biṭnāh*": "feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her belly", "*nāplāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular with waw conjunctive - and it shall fall", "*yərēḵāh*": "feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her thigh", "*hāyətāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular with waw conjunctive - and she shall be", "*ʾiššāh*": "feminine singular with definite article - the woman", "*ʾālāh*": "feminine singular - curse", "*qereḇ*": "masculine singular construct - midst of", "*ʿammāh*": "masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her people" }, "variants": { "*hišqāh*": "cause to drink/give to drink", "*mayim*": "water/liquid", "*hāyətāh*": "be/happen/come to pass", "*niṭməʾāh*": "is defiled/made unclean/impure", "*timʿōl*": "committed/performed", "*maʿal*": "trespass/unfaithfulness/act of betrayal", "*ʾîšāh*": "her husband/her man", "*ûḇāʾû*": "enter/come into", "*mayim* *məʾārărîm*": "cursing water/water that brings a curse", "*mārîm*": "bitter things/bitterness/harm", "*ṣāḇtāh*": "swell/distend/enlarge", "*biṭnāh*": "her belly/her abdomen", "*nāplāh*": "fall/waste away/shrivel", "*yərēḵāh*": "her thigh/her hip/her reproductive organs", "*hāyətāh*": "become/be/turn into", "*ʾiššāh*": "woman/wife", "*ʾālāh*": "curse/example of cursing", "*qereḇ*": "midst/among", "*ʿammāh*": "her people/her nation" } } 28 { "verseID": "Numbers.5.28", "source": "וְאִם־לֹ֤א נִטְמְאָה֙ הָֽאִשָּׁ֔ה וּטְהֹרָ֖ה הִ֑וא וְנִקְּתָ֖ה וְנִזְרְעָ֥ה זָֽרַע׃", "text": "And if-not *niṭməʾāh* the-*ʾiššāh* and *ṭəhōrāh* she and *niqqətāh* and *nizrəʿāh* *zāraʿ*", "grammar": { "*niṭməʾāh*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she is defiled", "*ʾiššāh*": "feminine singular with definite article - the woman", "*ṭəhōrāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - clean/pure", "*niqqətāh*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular with waw conjunctive - and she shall be free/clear", "*nizrəʿāh*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular with waw conjunctive - and she shall be sown", "*zāraʿ*": "masculine singular - seed/offspring" }, "variants": { "*niṭməʾāh*": "is defiled/made unclean/impure", "*ʾiššāh*": "woman/wife", "*ṭəhōrāh*": "clean/pure/innocent", "*niqqətāh*": "be free/be clear/be innocent", "*nizrəʿāh* *zāraʿ*": "be sown with seed/conceive offspring/become pregnant" } } 29 { "verseID": "Numbers.5.29", "source": "זֹ֥את תּוֹרַ֖ת הַקְּנָאֹ֑ת אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּשְׂטֶ֥ה אִשָּׁ֛ה תַּ֥חַת אִישָׁ֖הּ וְנִטְמָֽאָה׃", "text": "This *tôrat* the-*qənāʾōt* which *tiśṭeh* *ʾiššāh* under *ʾîšāh* and *niṭmāʾāh*", "grammar": { "*tôrat*": "feminine singular construct - law/instruction of", "*qənāʾōt*": "feminine plural with definite article - the jealousies", "*tiśṭeh*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she goes astray", "*ʾiššāh*": "feminine singular - woman", "*ʾîšāh*": "masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her husband", "*niṭmāʾāh*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular with waw conjunctive - and she is defiled" }, "variants": { "*tôrat*": "law/instruction/teaching", "*qənāʾōt*": "jealousies/suspicions", "*tiśṭeh*": "goes astray/deviates/turns aside", "*ʾiššāh*": "woman/wife", "*ʾîšāh*": "her husband/her man", "*niṭmāʾāh*": "is defiled/made unclean/impure" } } 30 { "verseID": "Numbers.5.30", "source": "א֣וֹ אִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֨ר תַּעֲבֹ֥ר עָלָ֛יו ר֥וּחַ קִנְאָ֖ה וְקִנֵּ֣א אֶת־אִשְׁתּ֑וֹ וְהֶעֱמִ֤יד אֶת־הָֽאִשָּׁה֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וְעָ֤שָׂה לָהּ֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַתּוֹרָ֖ה הַזֹּֽאת׃", "text": "Or *ʾîš* which *taʿăḇōr* upon-him *rûaḥ* *qinʾāh* and *qinnēʾ* *ʾet*-*ʾištô* and *heʿĕmîd* *ʾet*-the-*ʾiššāh* before *YHWH* and *ʿāśāh* to-her the-*kōhēn* *ʾēt* all-the-*tôrāh* this", "grammar": { "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular - man", "*taʿăḇōr*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - passes over", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular construct - spirit of", "*qinʾāh*": "feminine singular - jealousy", "*qinnēʾ*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw conjunctive - and he is jealous of", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾištô*": "feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wife", "*heʿĕmîd*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw conjunctive - and he shall cause to stand", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾiššāh*": "feminine singular with definite article - the woman", "*ʿāśāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw conjunctive - and he shall do", "*kōhēn*": "masculine singular with definite article - the priest", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*tôrāh*": "feminine singular with definite article - the law", "*zōʾt*": "feminine singular demonstrative pronoun - this" }, "variants": { "*ʾîš*": "man/husband", "*taʿăḇōr*": "passes over/comes upon/overtakes", "*rûaḥ* *qinʾāh*": "spirit of jealousy/jealous feeling", "*qinnēʾ*": "is jealous of/suspects/is suspicious of", "*ʾištô*": "his wife/woman", "*heʿĕmîd*": "cause to stand/set/place", "*ʾiššāh*": "woman/wife", "*ʿāśāh*": "do/perform/carry out", "*kōhēn*": "priest/officiant", "*tôrāh*": "law/instruction/procedure" } } 31 { "verseID": "Numbers.5.31", "source": "וְנִקָּ֥ה הָאִ֖ישׁ מֵעָוֺ֑ן וְהָאִשָּׁ֣ה הַהִ֔וא תִּשָּׂ֖א אֶת־עֲוֺנָֽהּ׃ פ", "text": "And *niqqāh* the-*ʾîš* from-*ʿāwōn* and-the-*ʾiššāh* that *tiśśāʾ* *ʾet*-*ʿăwōnāh*", "grammar": { "*niqqāh*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw conjunctive - and he shall be free/clear", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular with definite article - the man", "*ʿāwōn*": "masculine singular - iniquity", "*ʾiššāh*": "feminine singular with definite article - the woman", "*tiśśāʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she shall bear", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿăwōnāh*": "masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her iniquity" }, "variants": { "*niqqāh*": "be free/be clear/be innocent", "*ʾîš*": "man/husband", "*ʿāwōn*": "iniquity/guilt/punishment", "*ʾiššāh*": "woman/wife", "*tiśśāʾ*": "bear/carry/suffer", "*ʿăwōnāh*": "her iniquity/her guilt/her punishment" } }
• Deut 22:22-24 : 22 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.22.22", "source": "כִּֽי־יִמָּצֵ֨א אִ֜ישׁ שֹׁכֵ֣ב ׀ עִם־אִשָּׁ֣ה בְעֻֽלַת־בַּ֗עַל וּמֵ֙תוּ֙ גַּם־שְׁנֵיהֶ֔ם הָאִ֛ישׁ הַשֹּׁכֵ֥ב עִם־הָאִשָּׁ֖ה וְהָאִשָּׁ֑ה וּבִֽעַרְתָּ֥ הָרָ֖ע מִיִּשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס", "text": "If-*yimmāṣēʾ* *ʾîš* *šōkēb* with-*ʾiššāh* *běʿûlat*-*baʿal* and-*mētû* also-both the-*ʾîš* the-*šōkēb* with-the-*ʾiššāh* and-the-*ʾiššāh* and-*biʿartā* the-*rāʿ* from-*Yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*yimmāṣēʾ*": "niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - is found", "*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - man", "*šōkēb*": "qal participle masculine singular - lying", "*ʾiššāh*": "noun feminine singular - woman", "*běʿûlat*": "qal passive participle feminine singular construct - married to", "*baʿal*": "noun masculine singular - husband/owner", "*mētû*": "qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they shall die", "*šōkēb*": "qal participle masculine singular - lying", "*biʿartā*": "piel perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you shall purge", "*rāʿ*": "adjective masculine singular - evil", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*šōkēb*": "lying/having relations with", "*běʿûlat-baʿal*": "married to a husband/possessed by a master/owned by a man", "*biʿartā*": "purge/remove/burn away" } } 23 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.22.23", "source": "כִּ֤י יִהְיֶה֙ *נער **נַעֲרָ֣ה בְתוּלָ֔ה מְאֹרָשָׂ֖ה לְאִ֑ישׁ וּמְצָאָ֥הּ אִ֛ישׁ בָּעִ֖יר וְשָׁכַ֥ב עִמָּֽהּ׃", "text": "If *yihyeh* *naʿărāh* *bětûlāh* *měʾōrāśāh* to-*ʾîš* and-*měṣāʾāh* *ʾîš* in-the-*ʿîr* and-*šākab* with-her.", "grammar": { "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - there shall be", "*naʿărāh*": "noun feminine singular - young woman", "*bětûlāh*": "noun feminine singular - virgin", "*měʾōrāśāh*": "pual participle feminine singular - betrothed", "*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - man", "*měṣāʾāh*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - he finds her", "*ʿîr*": "noun feminine singular - city", "*šākab*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he lies" }, "variants": { "*naʿărāh*": "young woman/maiden/girl", "*bětûlāh*": "virgin/maiden", "*měʾōrāśāh*": "betrothed/engaged", "*šākab*": "lies with/has relations with" } } 24 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.22.24", "source": "וְהוֹצֵאתֶ֨ם אֶת־שְׁנֵיהֶ֜ם אֶל־שַׁ֣עַר ׀ הָעִ֣יר הַהִ֗וא וּסְקַלְתֶּ֨ם אֹתָ֥ם בָּאֲבָנִים֮ וָמֵתוּ֒ אֶת־*הנער **הַֽנַּעֲרָ֗ה עַל־דְּבַר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־צָעֲקָ֣ה בָעִ֔יר וְאֶ֨ת־הָאִ֔ישׁ עַל־דְּבַ֥ר אֲשֶׁר־עִנָּ֖ה אֶת־אֵ֣שֶׁת רֵעֵ֑הוּ וּבִֽעַרְתָּ֥ הָרָ֖ע מִקִּרְבֶּֽךָ׃ ס", "text": "And-*hôṣēʾtem* *ʾet*-both to-*šaʿar* the-*ʿîr* the-that and-*sěqaltem* *ʾōtām* with-the-*ʾăbānîm* and-*mētû* *ʾet*-the-*naʿărāh* on-*děbar* that not-*ṣāʿăqāh* in-the-*ʿîr* and-*ʾet*-the-*ʾîš* on-*děbar* that-*ʿinnāh* *ʾet*-*ʾēšet* *rēʿēhû* and-*biʿartā* the-*rāʿ* from-*qirbeka*.", "grammar": { "*hôṣēʾtem*": "hiphil perfect 2nd person masculine plural - you shall bring out", "*šaʿar*": "noun masculine singular construct - gate of", "*ʿîr*": "noun feminine singular - city", "*sěqaltem*": "qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - you shall stone", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them", "*ʾăbānîm*": "noun feminine plural - stones", "*mētû*": "qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they shall die", "*naʿărāh*": "noun feminine singular - young woman", "*děbar*": "noun masculine singular construct - matter of", "*ṣāʿăqāh*": "qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - she cried out", "*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - man", "*ʿinnāh*": "piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he humbled/violated", "*ʾēšet*": "noun feminine singular construct - wife of", "*rēʿēhû*": "noun masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his neighbor", "*biʿartā*": "piel perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you shall purge", "*rāʿ*": "adjective masculine singular - evil", "*qirbeka*": "noun masculine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your midst" }, "variants": { "*ṣāʿăqāh*": "cried out/screamed for help", "*ʿinnāh*": "humbled/violated/afflicted", "*ʾēšet rēʿēhû*": "wife of his neighbor/woman promised to another" } }
• Ruth 2:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Ruth.2.13", "source": "וַ֠תֹּאמֶר אֶמְצָא־חֵ֨ן בְּעֵינֶ֤יךָ אֲדֹנִי֙ כִּ֣י נִֽחַמְתָּ֔נִי וְכִ֥י דִבַּ֖רְתָּ עַל־לֵ֣ב שִׁפְחָתֶ֑ךָ וְאָנֹכִי֙ לֹ֣א אֶֽהְיֶ֔ה כְּאַחַ֖ת שִׁפְחֹתֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "And-*tōʾmer*, \"*ʾemṣāʾ*-*ḥēn* in-*ʿêneykā* *ʾădōnî*, because *niḥamtānî* and-because *dibbartā* on-*lēb* *šipḥātekā*. And-*ʾānōkî* not *ʾehyeh* like-one *šipḥōteykā*.\"", "grammar": { "וַ֠תֹּאמֶר": "conjunction wə- + imperfect 3rd feminine singular, waw-consecutive - 'and she said'", "*ʾemṣāʾ*-*ḥēn*": "imperfect 1st singular + noun - 'may I find favor'", "בְּעֵינֶ֤יךָ": "preposition bə- + dual noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'in your eyes'", "*ʾădōnî*": "noun with 1st singular suffix - 'my lord'", "כִּ֣י": "conjunction - 'because/for'", "*niḥamtānî*": "Piel perfect 2nd masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - 'you have comforted me'", "וְכִ֥י": "conjunction wə- + conjunction - 'and because'", "*dibbartā*": "Piel perfect 2nd masculine singular - 'you have spoken'", "עַל־לֵ֣ב": "preposition + noun - 'to the heart of'", "*šipḥātekā*": "noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'your maidservant'", "וְאָנֹכִי֙": "conjunction wə- + 1st singular independent pronoun - 'and I'", "לֹ֣א": "negative particle - 'not'", "*ʾehyeh*": "imperfect 1st singular - 'I am/will be'", "כְּאַחַ֖ת": "preposition kə- + numeral construct - 'like one of'", "*šipḥōteykā*": "noun plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'your maidservants'" }, "variants": { "*niḥamtānî*": "comforted me/consoled me/encouraged me", "*dibbartā* *ʿal-lēb*": "spoken kindly to/spoken to the heart of/encouraged", "*šipḥātekā*": "your maidservant/your female servant/your handmaid" } }
• 1 Sam 25:39-42 : 39 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.25.39", "source": "וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע דָּוִד֮ כִּ֣י מֵ֣ת נָבָל֒ וַיֹּ֡אמֶר בָּר֣וּךְ יְהוָ֡ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר רָב֩ אֶת־רִ֨יב חֶרְפָּתִ֜י מִיַּ֣ד נָבָ֗ל וְאֶת־עַבְדּוֹ֙ חָשַׂ֣ךְ מֵֽרָעָ֔ה וְאֵת֙ רָעַ֣ת נָבָ֔ל הֵשִׁ֥יב יְהוָ֖ה בְּרֹאשׁ֑וֹ וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח דָּוִד֙ וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר בַּאֲבִיגַ֔יִל לְקַחְתָּ֥הּ ל֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃", "text": "And *yišmaʿ* *Dāwid* that *mēt* *Nābāl*, and *yōʾmer*: *bārûk* *YHWH* who *rāb* *ʾet*-*rîb* *ḥerpātî* from *yad* *Nābāl*, and *ʾet*-*ʿabdô* *ḥāśak* from *rāʿāh*, and *ʾēt* *rāʿat* *Nābāl* *hēšîb* *YHWH* on *rōʾšô*. And *yišlaḥ* *Dāwid* and *yədabbēr* with *ʾĂbîgayil* to *qaḥtāh* to him for *ʾiššāh*.", "grammar": { "*yišmaʿ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - heard", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*mēt*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - died/was dead", "*Nābāl*": "proper noun - Nabal", "*yōʾmer*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - said", "*bārûk*": "Qal passive participle, masculine singular - blessed", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*rāb*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - pleaded/contended", "*rîb*": "masculine singular construct - cause/case/dispute of", "*ḥerpātî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my reproach/insult", "*yad*": "feminine singular construct - hand of", "*ʿabdô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servant", "*ḥāśak*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - kept back/withheld", "*rāʿāh*": "feminine singular noun - evil/harm", "*rāʿat*": "feminine singular construct - evil/wickedness of", "*hēšîb*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - returned/brought back", "*rōʾšô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his head", "*yišlaḥ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - sent", "*yədabbēr*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - spoke", "*ʾĂbîgayil*": "proper noun - Abigail", "*qaḥtāh*": "Qal infinitive construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - to take her", "*ʾiššāh*": "feminine singular noun - wife" }, "variants": { "*rāb* *rîb*": "pleaded the cause/contended the case/defended the right", "*ḥerpātî*": "my reproach/insult/shame/disgrace", "*ḥāśak*": "kept back/withheld/restrained", "*hēšîb*": "returned/brought back/repaid", "*rōʾšô*": "on his head (idiom for personal responsibility/consequence)" } } 40 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.25.40", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ עַבְדֵ֥י דָוִ֛ד אֶל־אֲבִיגַ֖יִל הַכַּרְמֶ֑לָה וַיְדַבְּר֤וּ אֵלֶ֙יהָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר דָּוִד֙ שְׁלָחָ֣נוּ אֵלַ֔יִךְ לְקַחְתֵּ֥ךְ ל֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃", "text": "And *yābōʾû* *ʿabdê* *dāwid* to-*ʾĂbîgayil* the *Karmelāh*, and *yədabbərû* to her *lēʾmōr*: *Dāwid* *šəlāḥānû* to you to *qaḥtēk* to him for *ʾiššāh*.", "grammar": { "*yābōʾû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw-consecutive - came", "*ʿabdê*": "masculine plural construct - servants of", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ʾĂbîgayil*": "proper noun - Abigail", "*Karmelāh*": "proper noun with directional he - to Carmel", "*yədabbərû*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw-consecutive - spoke", "*lēʾmōr*": "Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*šəlāḥānû*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular with 1st plural suffix - sent us", "*qaḥtēk*": "Qal infinitive construct with 2nd feminine singular suffix - to take you", "*ʾiššāh*": "feminine singular noun - wife" }, "variants": { "*Karmelāh*": "to Carmel (location)" } } 41 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.25.41", "source": "וַתָּ֕קָם וַתִּשְׁתַּ֥חוּ אַפַּ֖יִם אָ֑רְצָה וַתֹּ֗אמֶר הִנֵּ֤ה אֲמָֽתְךָ֙ לְשִׁפְחָ֔ה לִרְחֹ֕ץ רַגְלֵ֖י עַבְדֵ֥י אֲדֹנִֽי׃", "text": "And *tāqām* and *tištaḥû* *ʾappayim* *ʾārṣāh*, and *tōʾmer*: Behold, *ʾămātəkā* for *šipḥāh*, to *rəḥōṣ* *raglê* *ʿabdê* *ʾădōnî*.", "grammar": { "*tāqām*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular with waw-consecutive - arose", "*tištaḥû*": "Hishtaphel imperfect 3rd feminine singular with waw-consecutive - bowed herself", "*ʾappayim*": "masculine dual noun - face/nostrils", "*ʾārṣāh*": "feminine singular noun with directional he - to the ground", "*tōʾmer*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular with waw-consecutive - said", "*ʾămātəkā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your maidservant", "*šipḥāh*": "feminine singular noun - maidservant/female slave", "*rəḥōṣ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to wash", "*raglê*": "feminine dual construct - feet of", "*ʿabdê*": "masculine plural construct - servants of", "*ʾădōnî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my lord" }, "variants": { "*tištaḥû* *ʾappayim* *ʾārṣāh*": "bowed with her face to the ground (idiom for deep reverence)", "*šipḥāh*": "maidservant/female slave/handmaid", "*rəḥōṣ* *raglê*": "to wash feet (act of humble service)" } } 42 { "verseID": "1_Samuel.25.42", "source": "וַתְּמַהֵ֞ר וַתָּ֣קָם אֲבִיגַ֗יִל וַתִּרְכַּב֙ עַֽל־הַחֲמ֔וֹר וְחָמֵשׁ֙ נַעֲרֹתֶ֔יהָ הַהֹלְכ֖וֹת לְרַגְלָ֑הּ וַתֵּ֗לֶךְ אַֽחֲרֵי֙ מַלְאֲכֵ֣י דָוִ֔ד וַתְּהִי־ל֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃", "text": "*wə-təmahēr wə-tāqām ʾăbîgayil wə-tirkab* upon-*haḥămôr wə-ḥāmēš naʿărōteyhā hahōləkôt lə-ragləhā wə-tēlek ʾaḥărê malʾăkê dāwid wə-təhî-lô lə-ʾiššâ*", "grammar": { "*wə-təmahēr*": "conjunction + verb, Piel imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she hastened", "*wə-tāqām*": "conjunction + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she arose", "*ʾăbîgayil*": "proper noun, feminine singular - Abigail", "*wə-tirkab*": "conjunction + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she rode", "*haḥămôr*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the donkey", "*wə-ḥāmēš*": "conjunction + number - and five", "*naʿărōteyhā*": "noun, feminine plural + 3rd feminine singular possessive suffix - her young women/maidens", "*hahōləkôt*": "definite article + verb, Qal participle, feminine plural - the ones walking/going", "*lə-ragləhā*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 3rd feminine singular possessive suffix - at her foot/following her", "*wə-tēlek*": "conjunction + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she went", "*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after/behind", "*malʾăkê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - messengers of", "*dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*wə-təhî-lô*": "conjunction + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and she became to him", "*lə-ʾiššâ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - as wife" }, "variants": { "*təmahēr*": "hurried/hastened/made haste", "*tāqām*": "arose/stood up/got up", "*tirkab*": "rode/mounted", "*naʿărōteyhā*": "her young women/maidens/servants", "*hahōləkôt*": "who were walking/who were going/who followed", "*lə-ragləhā*": "at her foot/following her/in her footsteps", "*malʾăkê*": "messengers/envoys/representatives" } }