Numbers 15:30

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Numbers.15.30", "source": "וְהַנֶּ֜פֶשׁ אֲשֶֽׁר־תַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה ׀ בְּיָ֣ד רָמָ֗ה מִן־הָֽאֶזְרָח֙ וּמִן־הַגֵּ֔ר אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה ה֣וּא מְגַדֵּ֑ף וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמָּֽהּ׃", "text": "And-*hannephesh* who-*taʿăśeh* in-*yād* *rāmāh* from-*hāʾezrāḥ* and-from-*haggēr* *ʾet*-*YHWH* he *məgaddēp* and-*nikrətāh* *hannephesh* *hahiʾ* from-*qereb* *ʿammāh*", "grammar": { "*wə-ha-nephesh*": "conjunction + definite article + noun feminine singular - and the soul/person", "*ʾăsher-taʿăśeh*": "relative pronoun + qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - who does", "*bə-yād*": "preposition + noun feminine singular - with hand/by power", "*rāmāh*": "adjective feminine singular - high/lifted up/arrogant", "*min-hā-ʾezrāḥ*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - from the native", "*û-min-ha-gēr*": "conjunction + preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - and from the stranger/sojourner", "*ʾet-YHWH*": "direct object marker + divine name - YHWH", "*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he", "*məgaddēp*": "piel participle masculine singular - blaspheming/reviling", "*wə-nikrətāh*": "conjunction + niphal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - and she shall be cut off", "*ha-nephesh*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the soul/person", "*ha-hiʾ*": "definite article + 3rd person feminine singular pronoun - that", "*mi-qereb*": "preposition + construct state noun masculine singular - from the midst of", "*ʿammāh*": "noun masculine singular + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her people" }, "variants": { "*nephesh*": "soul/person/life/self", "*taʿăśeh*": "does/makes/acts/performs", "*yād rāmāh*": "high hand/deliberately/defiantly/presumptuously", "*ʾezrāḥ*": "native/native-born/citizen", "*gēr*": "stranger/sojourner/foreigner who dwells with", "*məgaddēp*": "blaspheming/reviling/insulting/speaking against", "*nikrətāh*": "be cut off/be eliminated/be removed", "*qereb*": "midst/inner part/among" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וְהַנֶּ֜פֶשׁ אֲשֶֽׁר־תַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה ׀ בְּיָ֣ד רָמָ֗ה מִן־הָֽאֶזְרָח֙ וּמִן־הַגֵּ֔ר אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה ה֣וּא מְגַדֵּ֑ף וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמָּֽהּ׃

Transliteration

And-hannephesh who-taʿăśeh in-yād rāmāh from-hāʾezrāḥ and-from-haggēr ʾet-YHWH he məgaddēp and-nikrətāh hannephesh hahiʾ from-qereb ʿammāh

Grammar Details

• *wə-ha-nephesh*: conjunction + definite article + noun feminine singular - and the soul/person
• *ʾăsher-taʿăśeh*: relative pronoun + qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - who does
• *bə-yād*: preposition + noun feminine singular - with hand/by power
• *rāmāh*: adjective feminine singular - high/lifted up/arrogant
• *min-hā-ʾezrāḥ*: preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - from the native
• *û-min-ha-gēr*: conjunction + preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - and from the stranger/sojourner
• *ʾet-YHWH*: direct object marker + divine name - YHWH
• *hûʾ*: 3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he
• *məgaddēp*: piel participle masculine singular - blaspheming/reviling
• *wə-nikrətāh*: conjunction + niphal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - and she shall be cut off
• *ha-nephesh*: definite article + noun feminine singular - the soul/person
• *ha-hiʾ*: definite article + 3rd person feminine singular pronoun - that
• *mi-qereb*: preposition + construct state noun masculine singular - from the midst of
• *ʿammāh*: noun masculine singular + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her people

Word Meanings

• *nephesh*: soul/person/life/self
• *taʿăśeh*: does/makes/acts/performs
• *yād rāmāh*: high hand/deliberately/defiantly/presumptuously
• *ʾezrāḥ*: native/native-born/citizen
• *gēr*: stranger/sojourner/foreigner who dwells with
• *məgaddēp*: blaspheming/reviling/insulting/speaking against
• *nikrətāh*: be cut off/be eliminated/be removed
• *qereb*: midst/inner part/among

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  But anyone who sins defiantly, whether native-born or a foreigner, is blaspheming the Lord and must be cut off from their people.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  But the soul that doeth ought presumptuously, whether he be born in the land, or a stranger, the same reproacheth the LORD; and that soul shall be cut off from among his people.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  But the soul who does anything presumptuously, whether he is native or a stranger, that soul reproaches the LORD; and that soul shall be cut off from among his people.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  But the soul that doeth ought presumptuously, whether he be born in the land, or a stranger, the same reproacheth the LORD; and that soul shall be cut off from among his people.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  But the soul that doeth aught with a high hand, whether he be home-born or a sojourner, the same blasphemeth Jehovah; and that soul shall be cut off from among his people.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  But the soul that doeth ought presumptuously, whether he be born in the land, or a stranger, the same reproacheth the LORD; and that soul shall be cut off from among his people.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  And the soule that doth ought presumptuously whether he be an Israelite or a strauger the same hath despysed the Lorde. And that soule shalbe destroyed from amonge his people

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  But yf a soule do ought presumptuously, whether he be one of youre selues or a straunger, he hath despysed the LORDE: ye same soule shalbe roted out from amoge his people:

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  But the person that doeth ought presumptuously, whether he be borne in the land, or a stranger, the same blasphemeth the Lord: therefore that person shalbe cut off from among his people,

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  But the soule that doth ought presumptuously, whether he be borne in the lande or a straunger, the same blasphemeth the Lorde: and that soule shalbe cut of from among his people.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  ¶ But the soul that doeth [ought] presumptuously, [whether he be] born in the land, or a stranger, the same reproacheth the LORD; and that soul shall be cut off from among his people.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  But the soul who does anything with a high hand, whether he is home-born or a foreigner, the same blasphemes Yahweh; and that soul shall be cut off from among his people.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  `And the person who doth `aught' with a high hand -- of the native or of the sojourner -- Jehovah he is reviling, and that person hath been cut off from the midst of his people;

• American Standard Version (1901)

  But the soul that doeth aught with a high hand, whether he be home-born or a sojourner, the same blasphemeth Jehovah; and that soul shall be cut off from among his people.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  But the soul that doeth aught with a high hand, whether he be home-born or a sojourner, the same blasphemeth Jehovah; and that soul shall be cut off from among his people.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  But the person who does wrong in the pride of his heart, if he is one of you or of another nation by birth, is acting without respect for the Lord, and will be cut off from his people.

• World English Bible (2000)

  "'But the soul who does anything with a high hand, whether he is native-born or a foreigner, the same blasphemes Yahweh; and that soul shall be cut off from among his people.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Deliberate Sin“‘But the person who acts defiantly, whether native-born or a resident foreigner, insults the LORD. That person must be cut off from among his people.

Referenced Verses

• Ps 19:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Psalms.19.13", "source": "שְׁגִיא֥וֹת מִֽי־יָבִ֑ין מִֽנִּסְתָּר֥וֹת נַקֵּֽנִי׃", "text": "*šəgîʾôt* who-*yāḇîn* from-*nistārôt* *naqqēnî*", "grammar": { "*šəgîʾôt*": "noun, feminine, plural, absolute - errors/mistakes", "*yāḇîn*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3ms - understands/discerns", "*nistārôt*": "verb, niphal participle, feminine, plural - hidden things", "*naqqēnî*": "verb, piel imperative, 2ms with 1cs suffix - cleanse me" }, "variants": { "*šəgîʾôt*": "errors/mistakes/unintentional sins/wanderings", "*yāḇîn*": "understands/discerns/perceives", "*nistārôt*": "hidden things/secret things/unknown errors", "*naqqēnî*": "cleanse me/declare me innocent/acquit me" } }
• Deut 1:43 : 43 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.1.43", "source": "וָאֲדַבֵּ֥ר אֲלֵיכֶ֖ם וְלֹ֣א שְׁמַעְתֶּ֑ם וַתַּמְרוּ֙ אֶת־פִּ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וַתָּזִ֖דוּ וַתַּעֲל֥וּ הָהָֽרָה׃", "text": "And *wāʾădabbēr* to you and *lōʾ* *šəmaʿtem*; and *wattamrū* *ʾet*-*pî* *YHWH*, and *wattāzîdū* and *wattaʿălū* *hāhārāh*.", "grammar": { "*wāʾădabbēr*": "piel imperfect consecutive, 1st person common singular - and I spoke", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*šəmaʿtem*": "qal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you heard/listened", "*wattamrū*": "hiphil imperfect consecutive, 2nd person masculine plural - and you rebelled against", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*pî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mouth of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*wattāzîdū*": "hiphil imperfect consecutive, 2nd person masculine plural - and you acted presumptuously", "*wattaʿălū*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 2nd person masculine plural - and you went up", "*hāhārāh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article and directional heh - to the mountain" }, "variants": { "*wāʾădabbēr*": "and I spoke/talked/said", "*šəmaʿtem*": "you heard/listened/obeyed", "*wattamrū*": "and you rebelled against/disobeyed/defied", "*pî*": "mouth/command/word of", "*wattāzîdū*": "and you acted presumptuously/arrogantly/willfully", "*wattaʿălū*": "and you went up/ascended/climbed", "*hāhārāh*": "to the mountain/hill/highland" } }
• Heb 10:26 : 26 { "verseID": "Hebrews.10.26", "source": "Ἑκουσίως γὰρ ἁμαρτανόντων ἡμῶν μετὰ τὸ λαβεῖν τὴν ἐπίγνωσιν τῆς ἀληθείας, οὐκέτι περὶ ἁμαρτιῶν ἀπολείπεται θυσία,", "text": "*Hekousiōs* for *hamartanontōn* of us after the *labein* the *epignōsin* of the *alētheias*, no longer concerning *hamartiōn apoleipetai thysia*,", "grammar": { "*Hekousiōs*": "adverb - willingly/voluntarily", "*hamartanontōn*": "present, active, participle, genitive, masculine, plural - sinning", "*labein*": "aorist, active, infinitive - to receive", "*epignōsin*": "accusative, feminine, singular - knowledge", "*alētheias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of truth", "*hamartiōn*": "genitive, feminine, plural - of sins", "*apoleipetai*": "present, passive, indicative, 3rd person, singular - remains/is left", "*thysia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - sacrifice" }, "variants": { "*Hekousiōs*": "willingly/voluntarily/deliberately", "*hamartanontōn*": "sinning/committing sin", "*epignōsin*": "knowledge/full knowledge/recognition", "*apoleipetai*": "remains/is left/is reserved" } }
• Heb 10:29 : 29 { "verseID": "Hebrews.10.29", "source": "Πόσῳ, δοκεῖτε, χείρονος ἀξιωθήσεται τιμωρίας, ὁ τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ καταπατήσας, καὶ τὸ αἷμα τῆς διαθήκης κοινὸν ἡγησάμενος, ἐν ᾧ ἡγιάσθη, καὶ τὸ Πνεῦμα τῆς χάριτος ἐνυβρίσας;", "text": "By how much, *dokeite*, of worse *axiōthēsetai timōrias*, the one the *Huion* of the *Theou katapatēsas*, and the *haima* of the *diathēkēs koinon hēgēsamenos*, in which he *hēgiasthē*, and the *Pneuma* of the *charitos enybrisas*?", "grammar": { "*dokeite*": "present, active, indicative, 2nd person, plural - you think", "*axiōthēsetai*": "future, passive, indicative, 3rd person, singular - will be deserving", "*timōrias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of punishment", "*Huion*": "accusative, masculine, singular - Son", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God", "*katapatēsas*": "aorist, active, participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having trampled", "*haima*": "accusative, neuter, singular - blood", "*diathēkēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of covenant", "*koinon*": "accusative, neuter, singular - common/unholy", "*hēgēsamenos*": "aorist, middle, participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having considered", "*hēgiasthē*": "aorist, passive, indicative, 3rd person, singular - was sanctified", "*Pneuma*": "accusative, neuter, singular - Spirit", "*charitos*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of grace", "*enybrisas*": "aorist, active, participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having insulted" }, "variants": { "*dokeite*": "you think/you suppose/you consider", "*axiōthēsetai*": "will be considered worthy/will deserve", "*timōrias*": "punishment/penalty", "*katapatēsas*": "having trampled/having despised/having treated with contempt", "*koinon*": "common/unholy/unclean", "*hēgēsamenos*": "having considered/having regarded/having counted", "*hēgiasthē*": "was sanctified/was made holy", "*enybrisas*": "having insulted/having outraged/having treated with contempt" } }
• 2 Pet 2:10 : 10 { "verseID": "2 Peter.2.10", "source": "Μάλιστα δὲ τοὺς ὀπίσω σαρκὸς ἐν ἐπιθυμίᾳ μιασμοῦ πορευομένους, καὶ κυριότητος καταφρονοῦντας. Τολμηταί, αὐθάδεις, δόξας οὐ τρέμουσιν βλασφημοῦντες.", "text": "*Malista de tous opisō sarkos en epithymia miasmou poreuomenous, kai kyriotētos kataphronountas. Tolmētai, authadeis, doxas ou tremousin blasphēmountes*.", "grammar": { "*Malista*": "adverb (superlative) - 'especially/chiefly'", "*de*": "postpositive particle - 'but/and'", "*tous*": "accusative plural masculine article - 'those'", "*opisō sarkos*": "adverb + genitive singular feminine - 'after flesh'", "*en epithymia*": "preposition with dative singular feminine - 'in lust/desire'", "*miasmou*": "genitive singular masculine - 'of defilement'", "*poreuomenous*": "present middle participle, accusative plural masculine - 'going/walking'", "*kai*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*kyriotētos*": "genitive singular feminine - 'of authority/lordship'", "*kataphronountas*": "present active participle, accusative plural masculine - 'despising'", "*Tolmētai*": "nominative plural masculine - 'daring ones'", "*authadeis*": "nominative plural masculine - 'self-willed/arrogant'", "*doxas*": "accusative plural feminine - 'glories/dignities'", "*ou tremousin*": "negative + present indicative active, 3rd plural - 'do not tremble'", "*blasphēmountes*": "present active participle, nominative plural masculine - 'blaspheming'" }, "variants": { "*Malista*": "especially/chiefly/above all", "*opisō sarkos*": "after the flesh/following corrupt nature", "*epithymia*": "lust/desire/craving/longing", "*miasmou*": "defilement/corruption/pollution", "*poreuomenous*": "going/walking/conducting themselves", "*kyriotētos*": "authority/lordship/dominion", "*kataphronountas*": "despising/disdaining/looking down on", "*Tolmētai*": "daring ones/presumptuous ones/bold ones", "*authadeis*": "self-willed/arrogant/stubborn/obstinate", "*doxas*": "glories/dignities/celestial beings/angelic powers", "*tremousin*": "tremble/fear/are afraid", "*blasphēmountes*": "blaspheming/slandering/speaking evil of" } }
• Deut 17:12-13 : 12 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.17.12", "source": "וְהָאִ֞ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה בְזָד֗וֹן לְבִלְתִּ֨י שְׁמֹ֤עַ אֶל־הַכֹּהֵן֙ הָעֹמֵ֞ד לְשָׁ֤רֶת שָׁם֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ א֖וֹ אֶל־הַשֹּׁפֵ֑ט וּמֵת֙ הָאִ֣ישׁ הַה֔וּא וּבִֽעַרְתָּ֥ הָרָ֖ע מִיִּשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And the *ʾîš* who *yaʿăśeh* in *zādôn*, not to *šəmōaʿ* to the *kōhēn* the *ʿōmēd* to *šāret* there *ʾet*-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōheḵā*, or to the *šōpēṭ*; and *mēt* the *ʾîš* the that, and *ḇiʿartā* the *rāʿ* from *Yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "וְהָאִ֞ישׁ": "conjunction + article + noun masculine singular - and the man", "אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה": "relative particle + qal imperfect 3ms - who acts/does", "בְזָד֗וֹן": "preposition + noun masculine singular - in presumption/pride", "לְבִלְתִּ֨י": "preposition + conjunction - not to", "שְׁמֹ֤עַ": "qal infinitive construct - hear/listen", "אֶל־הַכֹּהֵן֙": "preposition + article + noun masculine singular - to the priest", "הָעֹמֵ֞ד": "article + qal participle masculine singular - the standing/one who stands", "לְשָׁ֤רֶת": "preposition + piel infinitive construct - to minister/serve", "שָׁם֙": "adverb - there", "אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה": "direct object marker + divine name - YHWH", "אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ": "noun masculine plural construct + 2ms suffix - your God", "א֖וֹ": "conjunction - or", "אֶל־הַשֹּׁפֵ֑ט": "preposition + article + noun masculine singular - to the judge", "וּמֵת֙": "conjunction + qal perfect 3ms - and shall die", "הָאִ֣ישׁ": "article + noun masculine singular - the man", "הַה֔וּא": "article + demonstrative pronoun masculine singular - that", "וּבִֽעַרְתָּ֥": "conjunction + piel perfect 2ms - and you shall purge", "הָרָ֖ע": "article + adjective masculine singular - the evil", "מִיִּשְׂרָאֵֽל": "preposition + proper noun - from Israel" }, "variants": { "*ʾîš*": "man/person", "*yaʿăśeh*": "acts/does/behaves", "*zādôn*": "presumption/arrogance/insolence", "*šəmōaʿ*": "to hear/to listen/to obey", "*kōhēn*": "priest", "*ʿōmēd*": "standing/serving", "*šāret*": "to minister/to serve", "*šōpēṭ*": "judge/ruler", "*mēt*": "shall die/must die", "*ḇiʿartā*": "you shall purge/you shall remove", "*rāʿ*": "evil/wickedness" } } 13 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.17.13", "source": "וְכָל־הָעָ֖ם יִשְׁמְע֣וּ וְיִרָ֑אוּ וְלֹ֥א יְזִיד֖וּן עֽוֹד׃", "text": "And all-the *ʿām* *yišməʿû* and *yirāʾû*; and not *yəzîdûn* again.", "grammar": { "וְכָל־הָעָ֖ם": "conjunction + noun masculine singular construct + article + noun masculine singular - and all the people", "יִשְׁמְע֣וּ": "qal imperfect 3mp - they will hear", "וְיִרָ֑אוּ": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3mp - and they will fear", "וְלֹ֥א": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "יְזִיד֖וּן": "hiphil imperfect 3mp paragogic nun - they will act presumptuously", "עֽוֹד": "adverb - again/anymore" }, "variants": { "*ʿām*": "people/nation", "*yišməʿû*": "they will hear/they will listen", "*yirāʾû*": "they will fear/they will be afraid", "*yəzîdûn*": "they will act presumptuously/they will be insolent" } }
• Deut 29:19-20 : 19 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.29.19", "source": "לֹא־יֹאבֶ֣ה יְהוָה֮ סְלֹ֣חַֽ לוֹ֒ כִּ֣י אָ֠ז יֶעְשַׁ֨ן אַף־יְהוָ֤ה וְקִנְאָתוֹ֙ בָּאִ֣ישׁ הַה֔וּא וְרָ֤בְצָה־‪[c]‬ בּוֹ֙ כָּל־הָ֣אָלָ֔ה הַכְּתוּבָ֖ה בַּסֵּ֣פֶר הַזֶּ֑ה וּמָחָ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֶת־שְׁמ֔וֹ מִתַּ֖חַת הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃", "text": "Not-*yōʾbeh* *YHWH* *sᵉlōaḥ* to-him, for then *yeʿšan* anger-*YHWH* and-*qinʾātô* against-the-*ʾîš* the-that, and-*rābṣāh* against-him all-the-*ʾālāh* the-*kᵉtûbāh* in-the-*sēp̄er* the-*zeh*, and-*māḥāh* *YHWH* *ʾet*-*šᵉmô* from-under the-*šāmāyim*.", "grammar": { "*yōʾbeh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will be willing", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*sᵉlōaḥ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to forgive/pardon", "*yeʿšan*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - it will smoke", "*qinʾātô*": "noun feminine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his jealousy", "*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - man", "*rābṣāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - it will lie down", "*ʾālāh*": "noun feminine singular - oath/curse", "*kᵉtûbāh*": "Qal passive participle feminine singular - written", "*sēp̄er*": "noun masculine singular - book/scroll", "*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective masculine singular - this", "*māḥāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - and he will wipe out", "*šᵉmô*": "noun masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name", "*šāmāyim*": "noun masculine plural - heavens" }, "variants": { "*yōʾbeh*": "be willing/consent/agree", "*sᵉlōaḥ*": "to forgive/pardon/spare", "*yeʿšan*": "smoke/burn/be kindled", "*qinʾātô*": "his jealousy/zeal/passion", "*rābṣāh*": "settle upon/crouch/lie in wait", "*māḥāh*": "wipe out/blot out/destroy" } } 20 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.29.20", "source": "וְהִבְדִּיל֤וֹ יְהוָה֙ לְרָעָ֔ה מִכֹּ֖ל שִׁבְטֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כְּכֹל֙ אָל֣וֹת הַבְּרִ֔ית הַכְּתוּבָ֕ה בְּסֵ֥פֶר הַתּוֹרָ֖ה הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "And-*hibdîlô* *YHWH* for-*rāʿāh* from-all *šibṭê* *Yiśrāʾēl*, according-to-all *ʾālôt* the-*bᵉrît* the-*kᵉtûbāh* in-*sēp̄er* the-*tôrāh* the-*zeh*.", "grammar": { "*hibdîlô*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he will separate him", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*rāʿāh*": "noun feminine singular - evil/harm", "*šibṭê*": "noun masculine plural construct - tribes of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾālôt*": "noun feminine plural construct - curses of", "*bᵉrît*": "noun feminine singular - covenant", "*kᵉtûbāh*": "Qal passive participle feminine singular - written", "*sēp̄er*": "noun masculine singular construct - book of", "*tôrāh*": "noun feminine singular - law/instruction", "*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective masculine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*hibdîlô*": "separate him/single him out/set him apart", "*rāʿāh*": "evil/harm/disaster/calamity", "*ʾālôt*": "curses/oaths/imprecations", "*tôrāh*": "law/instruction/teaching" } }
• Gen 17:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Genesis.17.14", "source": "וְעָרֵ֣ל ׀ זָכָ֗ר אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־יִמּוֹל֙ אֶת־בְּשַׂ֣ר עָרְלָת֔וֹ וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מֵעַמֶּ֑יהָ אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֖י הֵפַֽר׃", "text": "*wə-ʿārēl* *zāḵār* *ʾăšer* *lōʾ*-*yimmôl* *ʾet*-*bəśar* *ʿorlātô* *wə-niḵrətāh* *han-nep̄eš* *ha-hiwʾ* *mē-ʿammeyhā* *ʾet*-*bərîtî* *hēp̄ar*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʿārēl*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular - and uncircumcised", "*zāḵār*": "noun masculine singular - male", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who/which", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yimmôl*": "niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - is circumcised", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bəśar*": "noun masculine singular construct - flesh of", "*ʿorlātô*": "noun feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his foreskin", "*wə-niḵrətāh*": "conjunction + niphal perfect 3rd feminine singular - and shall be cut off", "*han-nep̄eš*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the soul/person", "*ha-hiwʾ*": "definite article + 3rd person feminine singular pronoun - that", "*mē-ʿammeyhā*": "preposition + noun masculine plural + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - from her peoples", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bərîtî*": "noun feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my covenant", "*hēp̄ar*": "hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - he has broken" }, "variants": { "*ʿārēl*": "uncircumcised/foreskinned", "*niḵrətāh*": "cut off/removed/excluded/destroyed", "*nep̄eš*": "soul/life/person/self", "*hēp̄ar*": "broken/violated/nullified/made ineffective" } }
• Exod 21:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Exodus.21.14", "source": "וְכִי־יָזִד אִישׁ עַל־רֵעֵהוּ לְהָרְגוֹ בְעָרְמָה מֵעִם מִזְבְּחִי תִּקָּחֶנּוּ לָמוּת", "text": "*wə-kî-yāzid* *ʾîsh* *ʿal-rēʿēhû* *lə-horgô* *bə-ʿormāh* *mē-ʿim* *mizbəchî* *tiqqāchennû* *lāmût*", "grammar": { "*wə-kî*": "conjunction + conjunction - and if", "*yāzid*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he acts presumptuously", "*ʾîsh*": "masculine singular noun - a man", "*ʿal-rēʿēhû*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - against his neighbor", "*lə-horgô*": "preposition *lə* + qal infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to kill him", "*bə-ʿormāh*": "preposition *bə* + feminine singular noun - with premeditation/cunning", "*mē-ʿim*": "compound preposition - from", "*mizbəchî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my altar", "*tiqqāchennû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - you shall take him", "*lāmût*": "preposition *lə* + qal infinitive construct - to die" }, "variants": { "*yāzid*": "acts presumptuously/acts with premeditation/schemes", "*rēʿēhû*": "his neighbor/his fellow/his friend", "*bə-ʿormāh*": "with premeditation/with cunning/willfully/with deception", "*tiqqāchennû*": "you shall take him/remove him/bring him", "*lāmût*": "to die/to be executed/to be put to death" } }
• Lev 20:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Leviticus.20.3", "source": "וַאֲנִ֞י אֶתֵּ֤ן אֶת־פָּנַי֙ בָּאִ֣ישׁ הַה֔וּא וְהִכְרַתִּ֥י אֹת֖וֹ מִקֶּ֣רֶב עַמּ֑וֹ כִּ֤י מִזַּרְעוֹ֙ נָתַ֣ן לַמֹּ֔לֶךְ לְמַ֗עַן טַמֵּא֙ אֶת־מִקְדָּשִׁ֔י וּלְחַלֵּ֖ל אֶת־שֵׁ֥ם קָדְשִֽׁי׃", "text": "*wa-ʾănî* *ʾettēn* *ʾet*-*pānay* in-*hā-ʾîš* *ha-hûʾ* *wᵊ-hikrattî* *ʾōtô* from-*qereb* *ʿammô* *kî* from-*zarʿô* *nātan* to-*ha-mōlek* to-*maʿan* *ṭammēʾ* *ʾet*-*miqdāšî* *û-lᵊḥallēl* *ʾet*-*šēm* *qodšî*", "grammar": { "*wa-ʾănî*": "conjunction + 1st singular personal pronoun - and I", "*ʾettēn*": "imperfect, 1st singular - I will set/place", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*pānay*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st singular suffix - my face", "*bā-ʾîš*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - against the man", "*ha-hûʾ*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - that", "*wᵊ-hikrattî*": "conjunction + perfect, 1st singular - and I will cut off", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine singular suffix - him", "*mi-qereb*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from midst of", "*ʿammô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his people", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for", "*mi-zarʿô*": "preposition + noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - from his seed", "*nātan*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he gave", "*la-mōlek*": "preposition + proper noun - to Molech", "*lᵊ-maʿan*": "preposition + conjunction - in order to", "*ṭammēʾ*": "infinitive construct, Piel - defile", "*miqdāšî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - my sanctuary", "*û-lᵊḥallēl*": "conjunction + preposition + infinitive construct, Piel - and to profane", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - name of", "*qodšî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - my holiness" }, "variants": { "*ʾettēn* *ʾet*-*pānay*": "set my face against/turn my face against/direct my attention against", "*hikrattî*": "cut off/destroy/eliminate", "*mi-qereb*": "from among/from the midst of", "*ṭammēʾ*": "defile/make unclean/pollute", "*lᵊḥallēl*": "profane/desecrate/defile", "*šēm* *qodšî*": "my holy name" } }
• Lev 20:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Leviticus.20.6", "source": "וְהַנֶּ֗פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּפְנֶ֤ה אֶל־הָֽאֹבֹת֙ וְאֶל־הַיִּדְּעֹנִ֔ים לִזְנ֖וֹת אַחֲרֵיהֶ֑ם וְנָתַתִּ֤י אֶת־פָּנַי֙ בַּנֶּ֣פֶשׁ הַהִ֔וא וְהִכְרַתִּ֥י אֹת֖וֹ מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wᵊ-ha-nepeš* *ʾăšer* *tipneh* to-*hā-ʾōbōt* and-to-*ha-yiddᵊʿōnîm* to-*liznôt* after-them *wᵊ-nātattî* *ʾet*-*pānay* in-*ha-nepeš* *ha-hiwʾ* *wᵊ-hikrattî* *ʾōtô* from-midst *ʿammô*", "grammar": { "*wᵊ-ha-nepeš*": "conjunction + definite article + noun, feminine singular - and the person/soul", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/which/that", "*tipneh*": "imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - turns/turns aside", "*ʾel*-*hā-ʾōbōt*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - to the mediums", "*wᵊ-ʾel*-*ha-yiddᵊʿōnîm*": "conjunction + preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - and to the spiritists/wizards", "*li-znôt*": "preposition + infinitive construct - to commit harlotry", "*ʾaḥărêhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - after them", "*wᵊ-nātattî*": "conjunction + perfect, 1st singular - and I will set", "*ʾet*-*pānay*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine plural with 1st singular suffix - my face", "*ba-nepeš*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - against the person/soul", "*ha-hiwʾ*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - that", "*wᵊ-hikrattî*": "conjunction + perfect, 1st singular - and I will cut off", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine singular suffix - him", "*mi-qereb*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from midst of", "*ʿammô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his people" }, "variants": { "*ha-nepeš*": "the person/the soul/the being", "*tipneh*": "turns to/consults with/seeks", "*hā-ʾōbōt*": "mediums/necromancers/those who communicate with the dead", "*ha-yiddᵊʿōnîm*": "spiritists/wizards/fortune-tellers", "*li-znôt*": "to commit harlotry/to be unfaithful/to prostitute themselves", "*nātattî* *ʾet*-*pānay*": "set my face against/direct my attention against", "*hikrattî*": "cut off/destroy/eliminate" } }
• Lev 20:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Leviticus.20.10", "source": "וְאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִנְאַף֙ אֶת־אֵ֣שֶׁת אִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִנְאַ֖ף אֶת־אֵ֣שֶׁת רֵעֵ֑הוּ מֽוֹת־יוּמַ֥ת הַנֹּאֵ֖ף וְהַנֹּאָֽפֶת׃", "text": "*wᵊ-ʾîš* *ʾăšer* *yinʾap* *ʾet*-*ʾēšet* *ʾîš* *ʾăšer* *yinʾap* *ʾet*-*ʾēšet* *rēʿēhû* *môt*-*yûmat* *ha-nōʾēp* and-*ha-nōʾāpet*", "grammar": { "*wᵊ-ʾîš*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and a man", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/that", "*yinʾap*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - commits adultery with", "*ʾet*-*ʾēšet*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular construct - wife of", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/that", "*yinʾap*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - commits adultery with", "*ʾet*-*ʾēšet*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular construct - wife of", "*rēʿēhû*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his neighbor", "*môt*-*yûmat*": "infinitive absolute + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Hophal - surely be put to death", "*ha-nōʾēp*": "definite article + participle, masculine singular - the adulterer", "*wᵊ-ha-nōʾāpet*": "conjunction + definite article + participle, feminine singular - and the adulteress" }, "variants": { "*yinʾap*": "commits adultery with/has sexual relations with", "*ʾēšet* *ʾîš*": "another man's wife/married woman", "*ʾēšet* *rēʿēhû*": "his neighbor's wife/his friend's wife", "*môt*-*yûmat*": "must surely be put to death/shall certainly be put to death", "*ha-nōʾēp*": "the adulterer/the man who commits adultery", "*ha-nōʾāpet*": "the adulteress/the woman who commits adultery" } }
• Num 9:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Numbers.9.13", "source": "וְהָאִישׁ֩ אֲשֶׁר־ה֨וּא טָה֜וֹר וּבְדֶ֣רֶךְ לֹא־הָיָ֗ה וְחָדַל֙ לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת הַפֶּ֔סַח וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מֵֽעַמֶּ֑יהָ כִּ֣י ׀ קָרְבַּ֣ן יְהוָ֗ה לֹ֤א הִקְרִיב֙ בְּמֹ֣עֲד֔וֹ חֶטְא֥וֹ יִשָּׂ֖א הָאִ֥ישׁ הַהֽוּא׃", "text": "And the *ʾîš* who is *ṭāhôr* and in *ḏereḵ* not *hāyāh* and *ḥāḏal* to *laʿăśôṯ* the *pesaḥ* and *niḵrəṯāh* the *nepeš* the *hî* from *ʿammêhā* because *qorban* *YHWH* not *hiqrîḇ* in *môʿăḏô* *ḥeṭʾô* *yiśśāʾ* the *ʾîš* the *hû*.", "grammar": { "*ʾîš*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article - the man", "*ṭāhôr*": "adjective, masculine singular - clean/pure", "*ḏereḵ*": "common noun, feminine singular - way/journey", "*hāyāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he was", "*ḥāḏal*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he refrains/ceases", "*laʿăśôṯ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to observe/keep", "*pesaḥ*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Passover", "*niḵrəṯāh*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - shall be cut off", "*nepeš*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the soul/person", "*hî*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - that", "*ʿammêhā*": "common noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her peoples", "*qorban*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - offering of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*hiqrîḇ*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he brought near/offered", "*môʿăḏô*": "common noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its appointed time", "*ḥeṭʾô*": "common noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his sin", "*yiśśāʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shall bear", "*ʾîš*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article - the man", "*hû*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - that" }, "variants": { "*ṭāhôr*": "clean/pure/ritually pure", "*ḥāḏal*": "refrains/ceases/neglects/fails", "*niḵrəṯāh*": "cut off/excluded/removed/eliminated", "*ʿam*": "people/kinsmen/relatives", "*yiśśāʾ ḥeṭʾô*": "bear his sin/bear his punishment/be responsible for his sin" } }
• Num 14:40-44 : 40 { "verseID": "Numbers.14.40", "source": "וַיַּשְׁכִּ֣מוּ בַבֹּ֔קֶר וַיַּֽעֲל֥וּ אֶל־רֹאשׁ־הָהָ֖ר לֵאמֹ֑ר הִנֶּ֗נּוּ וְעָלִ֛ינוּ אֶל־הַמָּק֛וֹם אֲשֶׁר־אָמַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה כִּ֥י חָטָֽאנוּ", "text": "And-*yaškîmû* in-the-*bōqer* and-*yaʿălû* to-*rōʾš*-the-*hār* *lēʾmōr* *hinnennû* and-*ʿālînû* to-the-*māqôm* which-*ʾāmar* *YHWH* for *ḥāṭāʾnû*", "grammar": { "*yaškîmû*": "hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - they rose early", "*bōqer*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - morning", "*yaʿălû*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - they went up", "*rōʾš*": "masculine singular construct - top/head of", "*hār*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - mountain", "*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - to say", "*hinnennû*": "interjection with 1st person plural suffix - here we are", "*ʿālînû*": "qal perfect, 1st person plural - we will go up", "*māqôm*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - place", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he said/promised", "*YHWH*": "divine name, tetragrammaton", "*ḥāṭāʾnû*": "qal perfect, 1st person plural - we have sinned" }, "variants": { "*yaškîmû*": "rose early/got up early", "*bōqer*": "morning/dawn", "*yaʿălû*": "went up/ascended/climbed", "*rōʾš*": "top/head/summit", "*hār*": "mountain/hill", "*hinnennû*": "behold us/here we are", "*ʿālînû*": "we will go up/we are going up", "*māqôm*": "place/location/spot", "*ʾāmar*": "said/promised/declared", "*ḥāṭāʾnû*": "we have sinned/we have offended" } } 41 { "verseID": "Numbers.14.41", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֔ה לָ֥מָּה זֶּ֛ה אַתֶּ֥ם עֹבְרִ֖ים אֶת־פִּ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְהִ֖וא לֹ֥א תִצְלָֽח", "text": "And-*yōʾmer* *Mōšeh* why this you *ʿōberîm* *ʾet*-*pî* *YHWH* and-it not *tiṣlāḥ*", "grammar": { "*yōʾmer*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - he said", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʿōberîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - transgressing/crossing", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*pî*": "masculine singular construct - mouth/command of", "*YHWH*": "divine name, tetragrammaton", "*tiṣlāḥ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it will succeed" }, "variants": { "*yōʾmer*": "said/spoke", "*ʿōberîm*": "transgressing/violating/disobeying", "*pî*": "mouth/command/word", "*tiṣlāḥ*": "succeed/prosper/accomplish" } } 42 { "verseID": "Numbers.14.42", "source": "אַֽל־תַּעֲל֔וּ כִּ֛י אֵ֥ין יְהוָ֖ה בְּקִרְבְּכֶ֑ם וְלֹא֙ תִּנָּ֣גְפ֔וּ לִפְנֵ֖י אֹיְבֵיכֶֽם", "text": "Not-*taʿălû* for not *YHWH* in-*qirbekem* and-not *tinnāgepû* before *ʾōyebêkem*", "grammar": { "*taʿălû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you will go up", "*YHWH*": "divine name, tetragrammaton", "*qirbekem*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your midst", "*tinnāgepû*": "niphal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you will be struck/defeated", "*ʾōyebêkem*": "qal participle masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your enemies" }, "variants": { "*taʿălû*": "go up/ascend/climb", "*qirbekem*": "your midst/among you", "*tinnāgepû*": "be struck down/be defeated/be destroyed", "*ʾōyebêkem*": "your enemies/your adversaries" } } 43 { "verseID": "Numbers.14.43", "source": "כִּי֩ הָעֲמָלֵקִ֨י וְהַכְּנַעֲנִ֥י שָׁם֙ לִפְנֵיכֶ֔ם וּנְפַלְתֶּ֖ם בֶּחָ֑רֶב כִּֽי־עַל־כֵּ֤ן שַׁבְתֶּם֙ מֵאַחֲרֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וְלֹא־יִהְיֶ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה עִמָּכֶֽם", "text": "For the-*ʿĂmālēqî* and-the-*Kenaʿănî* there before-you and-*nepalttem* by-the-*ḥāreb* for-for-thus *šabtem* from-after *YHWH* and-not-*yihyeh* *YHWH* with-you", "grammar": { "*ʿĂmālēqî*": "proper noun with definite article - Amalekite", "*Kenaʿănî*": "proper noun with definite article - Canaanite", "*nepalttem*": "qal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you will fall", "*ḥāreb*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - sword", "*šabtem*": "qal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you have turned back", "*YHWH*": "divine name, tetragrammaton", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will be" }, "variants": { "*nepalttem*": "you will fall/be killed/perish", "*ḥāreb*": "sword/weapon", "*šabtem*": "turned back/turned away/returned", "*yihyeh*": "will be/will exist/will remain" } } 44 { "verseID": "Numbers.14.44", "source": "וַיַּעְפִּ֕לוּ לַעֲל֖וֹת אֶל־רֹ֣אשׁ הָהָ֑ר וַאֲר֤וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָה֙ וּמֹשֶׁ֔ה לֹא־מָ֖שׁוּ מִקֶּ֥רֶב הַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה", "text": "And-*yaʿpilû* to-*ʿălôt* to-*rōʾš* the-*hār* and-*ʾărôn* *berît*-*YHWH* and-*Mōšeh* not-*māšû* from-*qereb* the-*maḥăneh*", "grammar": { "*yaʿpilû*": "hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - they were presumptuous", "*ʿălôt*": "qal infinitive construct - to go up", "*rōʾš*": "masculine singular construct - top/head of", "*hār*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - mountain", "*ʾărôn*": "masculine singular construct - ark of", "*berît*": "feminine singular construct - covenant of", "*YHWH*": "divine name, tetragrammaton", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*māšû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they departed", "*qereb*": "masculine singular construct - midst of", "*maḥăneh*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - camp" }, "variants": { "*yaʿpilû*": "were presumptuous/acted rashly/were arrogant", "*ʿălôt*": "go up/ascend/climb", "*rōʾš*": "top/head/summit", "*hār*": "mountain/hill", "*ʾărôn*": "ark/chest/box", "*berît*": "covenant/agreement/treaty", "*māšû*": "departed/moved/left", "*qereb*": "midst/among/inside", "*maḥăneh*": "camp/encampment" } }
• Ps 69:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Psalms.69.9", "source": "מ֖וּזָר הָיִ֣יתִי לְאֶחָ֑י וְ֝נָכְרִ֗י לִבְנֵ֥י אִמִּֽי׃", "text": "*mûzār* *hāyîtî* to-*'eḥāy* and-*noḵrî* to-*bĕnê* *'immî*", "grammar": { "*mûzār*": "Hophal participle, masculine singular - estranged/alienated", "*hāyîtî*": "Qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have become", "*'eḥāy*": "masculine plural noun with 1st person singular suffix and prefixed preposition lĕ - to my brothers", "*noḵrî*": "masculine singular adjective - foreign/stranger", "*bĕnê*": "masculine plural construct noun with prefixed preposition lĕ - to sons of", "*'immî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my mother" }, "variants": { "*mûzār*": "estranged/alienated/foreigner", "*hāyîtî*": "I have become/I am", "*'eḥāy*": "my brothers/my siblings", "*noḵrî*": "stranger/foreigner/alien", "*bĕnê*": "sons of/children of", "*'immî*": "my mother" } }
• Ps 74:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Psalms.74.18", "source": "זְכָר־זֹ֗את א֖‪[d]‬וֹיֵב חֵרֵ֣ף ׀ יְהוָ֑ה וְעַ֥ם נָ֝בָ֗ל נִֽאֲצ֥וּ שְׁמֶֽךָ׃", "text": "*Zechor-zot oyev cheref YHWH*, and *am naval ni'atsu* your *shemecha*.", "grammar": { "*Zechor-zot*": "qal imperative masculine singular + feminine singular demonstrative pronoun - 'remember this'", "*oyev*": "qal participle masculine singular - 'enemy'", "*cheref*": "piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'has reproached'", "*YHWH*": "divine name - 'LORD'", "*ve'am*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - 'and people'", "*naval*": "masculine singular adjective - 'foolish'", "*ni'atsu*": "piel perfect 3rd person common plural - 'they have spurned'", "*shemecha*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'your name'" }, "variants": { "*cheref*": "reproached/insulted/taunted", "*naval*": "foolish/senseless/impious", "*ni'atsu*": "spurned/despised/blasphemed" } }
• Ps 74:22 : 22 { "verseID": "Psalms.74.22", "source": "קוּמָ֣ה אֱ֭לֹהִים רִיבָ֣ה רִיבֶ֑ךָ זְכֹ֥ר חֶרְפָּתְךָ֥ מִנִּי־נָ֝בָ֗ל כָּל־הַיּֽוֹם׃", "text": "*Qumah Elohim rivah rivecha*; *zechor cherpatcha minni-naval kol-ha-yom*.", "grammar": { "*Qumah*": "qal imperative masculine singular with cohortative he - 'arise!'", "*Elohim*": "masculine plural noun used as singular divine name - 'God'", "*rivah*": "qal imperative masculine singular - 'contend!/plead!'", "*rivecha*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'your cause'", "*zechor*": "qal imperative masculine singular - 'remember!'", "*cherpatcha*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'your reproach'", "*minni-naval*": "preposition + adjective masculine singular - 'from the foolish'", "*kol-ha-yom*": "construct phrase - 'all the day'" }, "variants": { "*Qumah*": "arise/stand up/take action", "*rivah*": "contend/plead/defend", "*rivecha*": "your cause/your dispute/your case", "*cherpatcha*": "your reproach/your disgrace/your insult", "*naval*": "foolish/senseless/impious" } }
• Ps 79:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Psalms.79.12", "source": "וְהָ֘שֵׁ֤ב לִשְׁכֵנֵ֣ינוּ שִׁ֭בְעָתַיִם אֶל־חֵיקָ֑ם חֶרְפָּ֘תָ֤ם אֲשֶׁ֖ר חֵרְפ֣וּךָ אֲדֹֽ‪[c]‬נָי׃", "text": "*wə*-*hāšēḇ* to-*šəḵēnênû* *šiḇʿāṯayim* to-*ḥêqām* *ḥerpāṯām* *ʾăšer* *ḥērpûḵā* *ʾăḏōnāy*", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*hāšēḇ*": "hiphil imperative masculine singular - return/repay", "*lĕ*": "preposition - to", "*šəḵēnênû*": "masculine plural noun with 1st person plural suffix - our neighbors", "*šiḇʿāṯayim*": "dual numeral - sevenfold", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/into", "*ḥêqām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their bosom", "*ḥerpāṯām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their reproach", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/that", "*ḥērpûḵā*": "piel perfect 3rd person plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - they have reproached you", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "proper noun - Lord/my Lord" }, "variants": { "*hāšēḇ*": "return/repay/bring back", "*šəḵēnênû*": "our neighbors/those dwelling near us", "*šiḇʿāṯayim*": "sevenfold/seven times", "*ḥêqām*": "their bosom/their lap/within them", "*ḥerpāṯām*": "their reproach/their insult/their taunt", "*ḥērpûḵā*": "they have reproached you/they have taunted you/they have insulted you", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "Lord/my Lord/Sovereign" } }
• Ps 89:51 : 51 { "verseID": "Psalms.89.51", "source": "זְכֹר אֲדֹנָי חֶרְפַּת עֲבָדֶיךָ שְׂאֵתִי בְחֵיקִי כָּל־רַבִּים עַמִּים", "text": "Remember *ʾĂdōnāy* *ḥerpat* *ʿăbādeykā*, I-*śᵉʾētî* in-*ḥêqî* all-*rabbîm* *ʿammîm*", "grammar": { "*zᵉkōr*": "verb, qal imperative masculine singular - remember", "*ʾĂdōnāy*": "proper noun, divine title - (my) Lord", "*ḥerpat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - reproach of", "*ʿăbādeykā*": "noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your servants", "*śᵉʾētî*": "verb, qal infinitive construct + 1st person singular suffix - my bearing", "*bᵉ-ḥêqî*": "preposition + noun + 1st person singular suffix - in my bosom", "*kol-rabbîm*": "noun + adjective, masculine plural - all many", "*ʿammîm*": "noun, masculine plural - peoples" }, "variants": { "*zᵉkōr*": "remember/call to mind", "*ʾĂdōnāy*": "Lord/Master/Sovereign", "*ḥerpat*": "reproach/scorn/insult", "*ʿăbādeykā*": "your servants/slaves", "*śᵉʾētî*": "my bearing/carrying", "*ḥêqî*": "my bosom/lap/inside", "*rabbîm ʿammîm*": "many peoples/nations" } }
• Prov 14:31 : 31 { "verseID": "Proverbs.14.31", "source": "עֹ֣שֵֽׁק־דָּ֭ל חֵרֵ֣ף עֹשֵׂ֑הוּ וּ֝מְכַבְּד֗וֹ חֹנֵ֥ן אֶבְיֽוֹן׃", "text": "*ʿōšēq-dāl* *ḥērēp* *ʿōśēhû* and *məḵabbədô* *ḥōnēn* *ʾebyôn*", "grammar": { "*ʿōšēq-dāl*": "masculine singular Qal participle + masculine singular adjective - oppressor of poor", "*ḥērēp*": "3rd person masculine singular Piel perfect - he reproaches", "*ʿōśēhû*": "masculine singular Qal participle + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his Maker", "*məḵabbədô*": "masculine singular Piel participle + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - one honoring Him", "*ḥōnēn*": "masculine singular Qal participle - showing favor to", "*ʾebyôn*": "masculine singular adjective - needy" }, "variants": { "*ʿōšēq*": "oppresses/exploits/defrauds", "*dāl*": "poor/weak/thin", "*ḥērēp*": "reproaches/taunts/insults", "*ʿōśēhû*": "his Maker/his Creator/One who made him", "*məḵabbədô*": "honors Him/glorifies Him/respects Him", "*ḥōnēn*": "shows favor to/is gracious to/treats kindly", "*ʾebyôn*": "needy/poor/destitute" } }
• Isa 37:23-24 : 23 { "verseID": "Isaiah.37.23", "source": "אֶת־מִ֤י חֵרַ֙פְתָּ֙ וְגִדַּ֔פְתָּ וְעַל־מִ֖י הֲרִימ֣וֹתָה קּ֑וֹל וַתִּשָּׂ֥א מָר֛וֹם עֵינֶ֖יךָ אֶל־קְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*ʾet*-whom *ḥēraptā wə-giddaptā*, and-against-whom *hărîmôtâ qôl*, *wattiśśâ mārôm ʿênekā ʾel*-*qədôš yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ḥēraptā*": "verb, piel perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you reproached", "*wə-giddaptā*": "conjunction + verb, piel perfect 2nd person masculine singular - and you blasphemed", "*hărîmôtâ*": "verb, hiphil perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you raised", "*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular - voice", "*wattiśśâ*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and you lifted", "*mārôm*": "noun, masculine singular - height/on high", "*ʿênekā*": "noun, feminine dual construct with 2ms suffix - your eyes", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/against", "*qədôš*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - holy one of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel" }, "variants": { "*ḥēraptā*": "reproached/taunted/reviled", "*giddaptā*": "blasphemed/reviled/insulted", "*hărîmôtâ*": "raised/lifted up/exalted", "*qôl*": "voice/sound", "*wattiśśâ*": "lifted/raised/elevated", "*mārôm*": "height/on high/upward", "*qədôš*": "holy one/sacred one" } } 24 { "verseID": "Isaiah.37.24", "source": "בְּיַ֣ד עֲבָדֶיךָ֮ חֵרַ֣פְתָּ ׀ אֲדֹנָי֒ וַתֹּ֗אמֶר בְּרֹ֥ב רִכְבִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י עָלִ֛יתִי מְר֥וֹם הָרִ֖ים יַרְכְּתֵ֣י לְבָנ֑וֹן וְאֶכְרֹ֞ת קוֹמַ֤ת אֲרָזָיו֙ מִבְחַ֣ר בְּרֹשָׁ֔יו וְאָבוֹא֙ מְר֣וֹם קִצּ֔וֹ יַ֖עַר כַּרְמִלּֽוֹ׃", "text": "By-*yad ʿăbādekā ḥēraptā ʾădōnāy*, *wattōmer*: \"With-*rōb rikbî ʾănî ʿālîtî* *mərôm hārîm yarkətê* *ləbānôn*, *wə-ʾekrōt qômat ʾărāzāyw mibḥar bərōšāyw*, *wə-ʾābôʾ* *mərôm qiṣṣô yaʿar karmillô*.\"", "grammar": { "*yad*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hand of", "*ʿăbādekā*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2ms suffix - your servants", "*ḥēraptā*": "verb, piel perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you reproached", "*ʾădōnāy*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1cs suffix - my Lord", "*wattōmer*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and you said", "*rōb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - multitude of", "*rikbî*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1cs suffix - my chariots", "*ʾănî*": "pronoun, 1st person common singular - I", "*ʿālîtî*": "verb, qal perfect 1st person common singular - I ascended", "*mərôm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - height of", "*hārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - mountains", "*yarkətê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - remotest parts of", "*ləbānôn*": "proper name - Lebanon", "*wə-ʾekrōt*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 1st person common singular - and I will cut down", "*qômat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - height of", "*ʾărāzāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3ms suffix - its cedars", "*mibḥar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - choicest of", "*bərōšāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3ms suffix - its cypresses", "*wə-ʾābôʾ*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 1st person common singular - and I will enter", "*mərôm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - height of", "*qiṣṣô*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3ms suffix - its extremity", "*yaʿar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - forest of", "*karmillô*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3ms suffix - its garden land" }, "variants": { "*yad*": "hand/agency/control", "*ʿăbādekā*": "your servants/officials/messengers", "*ḥēraptā*": "reproached/reviled/taunted", "*ʾădōnāy*": "my Lord/master", "*rōb*": "multitude/abundance/great number", "*rikbî*": "my chariots/vehicles", "*ʿālîtî*": "I ascended/went up/climbed", "*mərôm*": "height/summit/highest part", "*yarkətê*": "remotest parts/furthest reaches/innermost", "*ʾekrōt*": "I will cut down/cut off/sever", "*qômat*": "height/stature/tall", "*ʾărāzāyw*": "its cedars/cedar trees", "*mibḥar*": "choicest/best/select", "*bərōšāyw*": "its cypresses/fir trees", "*ʾābôʾ*": "I will enter/come to/arrive at", "*qiṣṣô*": "its extremity/end/limit", "*yaʿar*": "forest/thicket/wooded area", "*karmillô*": "its garden land/fertile field/fruitful land" } }
• Matt 12:32 : 32 { "verseID": "Matthew.12.32", "source": "Καὶ ὃς ἐὰν εἴπῃ λόγον κατὰ τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, ἀφεθήσεται αὐτῷ: ὃς δʼ ἂν εἴπῃ κατὰ τοῦ Πνεύματος τοῦ Ἁγίου, οὐκ ἀφεθήσεται αὐτῷ, οὔτε ἐν τούτῳ τῷ αἰῶνι, οὔτε ἐν τῷ μέλλοντι.", "text": "And whoever *eipē* *logon* against the *Huiou* of the *anthrōpou*, *aphethēsetai* to him: but whoever *eipē* against the *Pneumatos* the *Hagiou*, not *aphethēsetai* to him, neither in this the *aiōni*, nor in the *mellonti*.", "grammar": { "*eipē*": "aorist, active, subjunctive, 3rd singular - might speak/say", "*logon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - word/saying", "*Huiou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of the Son", "*anthrōpou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of man", "*aphethēsetai*": "future, passive, indicative, 3rd singular - will be forgiven", "*Pneumatos*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of the Spirit", "*Hagiou*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of the Holy", "*aiōni*": "dative, masculine, singular - age/era", "*mellonti*": "present participle, dative, masculine, singular - coming/about to be" }, "variants": { "*eipē*": "speaks/says/utters", "*logon*": "word/statement/saying", "*Huiou*": "Son/descendant", "*anthrōpou*": "man/human/mankind", "*aphethēsetai*": "will be forgiven/will be released/will be pardoned", "*Pneumatos*": "Spirit/breath/wind", "*Hagiou*": "Holy/set apart/consecrated", "*aiōni*": "age/era/world/lifetime", "*mellonti*": "coming/future/about to be" } }