Jer 50:1-51:64 : 1 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.1",
"source": "הַדָּבָ֗ר אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אֶל־בָּבֶ֖ל אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ כַּשְׂדִּ֑ים בְּיַ֖ד יִרְמְיָ֥הוּ הַנָּבִֽיא׃",
"text": "The *dābār* which *dibbēr* *YHWH* to-*Bābel* to-*ʾereṣ* *Kaśdîm* by-*yad* *Yirmĕyāhû* the-*nābîʾ*.",
"grammar": {
"*dābār*": "definite noun, masculine singular - word/matter/thing",
"*dibbēr*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - spoke/declared",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh",
"*Bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of",
"*Kaśdîm*": "proper noun, plural - Chaldeans",
"*yad*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hand of/by means of",
"*Yirmĕyāhû*": "proper noun - Jeremiah",
"*nābîʾ*": "definite noun, masculine singular - prophet"
},
"variants": {
"*dābār*": "word/message/matter/thing/command",
"*dibbēr*": "spoke/declared/pronounced",
"*yad*": "hand/agency/authority"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.2",
"source": "הַגִּ֨ידוּ בַגּוֹיִ֤ם וְהַשְׁמִ֙יעוּ֙ וּֽשְׂאוּ־נֵ֔ס הַשְׁמִ֖יעוּ אַל־תְּכַחֵ֑דוּ אִמְרוּ֩ נִלְכְּדָ֨ה בָבֶ֜ל הֹבִ֥ישׁ בֵּל֙ חַ֣ת מְרֹדָ֔ךְ הֹבִ֣ישׁוּ עֲצַבֶּ֔יהָ חַ֖תּוּ גִּלּוּלֶֽיהָ׃",
"text": "*Haggîdû* in-the-*gôyim* and-*hašmîʿû* and-*śĕʾû*-*nēs* *hašmîʿû* not-*tĕkahēdû* *ʾimrû* *nilkĕdâ* *Bābel* *hôbîš* *Bēl* *ḥat* *Mĕrōdāk* *hôbîšû* *ʿăṣabbêhā* *ḥattû* *gillûlêhā*.",
"grammar": {
"*Haggîdû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural - declare/tell/announce",
"*gôyim*": "definite noun, masculine plural - nations/gentiles",
"*hašmîʿû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural - cause to hear/proclaim",
"*śĕʾû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - lift up/raise",
"*nēs*": "noun, masculine singular - banner/standard/signal",
"*tĕkahēdû*": "piel imperfect, 2nd masculine plural with negative prefix - do not conceal/hide",
"*ʾimrû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - say/speak",
"*nilkĕdâ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - is captured/seized",
"*hôbîš*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - is put to shame/confounded",
"*Bēl*": "proper noun - Bel (Babylonian deity)",
"*ḥat*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - is broken/dismayed/terrified",
"*Mĕrōdāk*": "proper noun - Merodach (Babylonian deity)",
"*hôbîšû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd common plural - are put to shame/confounded",
"*ʿăṣabbêhā*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her idols",
"*ḥattû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - are broken/dismayed/terrified",
"*gillûlêhā*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her idols/images"
},
"variants": {
"*nēs*": "banner/standard/signal/pole",
"*nilkĕdâ*": "is captured/taken/seized",
"*hôbîš*": "is put to shame/confounded/dismayed",
"*ḥat*": "is broken/dismayed/terrified/shattered",
"*ʿăṣabbêhā*": "her idols/images/carved figures",
"*gillûlêhā*": "her idols/images (contemptuous term implying dung-like nature)"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.3",
"source": "כִּ֣י עָלָה֩ עָלֶ֨יהָ גּ֜וֹי מִצָּפ֗וֹן הֽוּא־יָשִׁ֤ית אֶת־אַרְצָהּ֙ לְשַׁמָּ֔ה וְלֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֥ה יוֹשֵׁ֖ב בָּ֑הּ מֵאָדָ֥ם וְעַד־בְּהֵמָ֖ה נָ֥דוּ הָלָֽכוּ׃",
"text": "For *ʿālâ* against-her *gôy* from-*ṣāpôn* he-*yāšît* *ʾet*-*ʾarṣāh* to-*šammâ* and-not-*yihyê* *yôšēb* in-her from-*ʾādām* and-unto-*bĕhēmâ* *nādû* *hālākû*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʿālâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - comes up/ascends/advances",
"*gôy*": "noun, masculine singular - nation/people",
"*ṣāpôn*": "noun, masculine singular - north",
"*yāšît*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will make/set/place",
"*ʾarṣāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her land",
"*šammâ*": "noun, feminine singular - desolation/waste",
"*yihyê*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will be",
"*yôšēb*": "qal participle, masculine singular - one dwelling/inhabitant",
"*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/mankind/human",
"*bĕhēmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - beast/cattle/animal",
"*nādû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they flee/wander",
"*hālākû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they go/walk/depart"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿālâ*": "comes up/ascends/advances/attacks",
"*gôy*": "nation/people/gentiles",
"*šammâ*": "desolation/waste/horror/astonishment",
"*nādû*": "they flee/wander/depart"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.4",
"source": "בַּיָּמִ֨ים הָהֵ֜מָּה וּבָעֵ֤ת הַהִיא֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה יָבֹ֧אוּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל הֵ֥מָּה וּבְנֵֽי־יְהוּדָ֖ה יַחְדָּ֑ו הָל֤וֹךְ וּבָכוֹ֙ יֵלֵ֔כוּ וְאֶת־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֖ם יְבַקֵּֽשׁוּ׃",
"text": "In-the-*yāmîm* *hāhēmmâ* and-in-the-*ʿēt* *hahîʾ* *nĕʾum*-*YHWH* *yābōʾû* *bĕnê*-*Yiśrāʾēl* they and-*bĕnê*-*Yĕhûdâ* *yaḥdāw* *hālôk* and-*bākô* *yēlēkû* and-*ʾet*-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêhem* *yĕbaqqēšû*.",
"grammar": {
"*yāmîm*": "definite noun, masculine plural - days",
"*hāhēmmâ*": "demonstrative adjective, masculine plural - those",
"*ʿēt*": "definite noun, feminine singular - time",
"*hahîʾ*": "demonstrative adjective, feminine singular - that",
"*nĕʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - declaration/utterance of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh",
"*yābōʾû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will come",
"*bĕnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons/children of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*Yĕhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah",
"*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together/jointly",
"*hālôk*": "qal infinitive absolute - going",
"*bākô*": "qal infinitive absolute - weeping",
"*yēlēkû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will go/walk",
"*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their God",
"*yĕbaqqēšû*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will seek/search for"
},
"variants": {
"*nĕʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle",
"*hālôk* and *bākô*": "Hebrew idiom indicating continuous action - 'continually going and weeping'",
"*yĕbaqqēšû*": "they will seek/search for/inquire after/desire"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.5",
"source": "צִיּ֣וֹן יִשְׁאָ֔לוּ דֶּ֖רֶךְ הֵ֣נָּה פְנֵיהֶ֑ם בֹּ֚אוּ וְנִלְו֣וּ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה בְּרִ֥ית עוֹלָ֖ם לֹ֥א תִשָּׁכֵֽחַ׃",
"text": "*Ṣiyyôn* *yišʾālû* *derek* *hēnnâ* *pĕnêhem* *bōʾû* and-*nilwû* to-*YHWH* *bĕrît* *ʿôlām* not *tiššākēaḥ*.",
"grammar": {
"*Ṣiyyôn*": "proper noun - Zion",
"*yišʾālû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will ask/inquire",
"*derek*": "noun, feminine singular - way/road/path",
"*hēnnâ*": "adverb - here/hither",
"*pĕnêhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their faces",
"*bōʾû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - come",
"*nilwû*": "niphal imperative, masculine plural - join/attach yourselves",
"*bĕrît*": "noun, feminine singular construct - covenant of",
"*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular - eternity/everlasting",
"*tiššākēaḥ*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - it will be forgotten"
},
"variants": {
"*yišʾālû*": "they will ask/inquire/request",
"*derek*": "way/road/path/direction/journey",
"*hēnnâ* *pĕnêhem*": "idiomatic expression - 'their faces [turned] this way'",
"*nilwû*": "join/attach/accompany yourselves",
"*bĕrît* *ʿôlām*": "everlasting covenant/eternal agreement"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.6",
"source": "צֹ֤אן אֹֽבְדוֹת֙ *היה **הָי֣וּ עַמִּ֔י רֹעֵיהֶ֣ם הִתְע֔וּם הָרִ֖ים *שובבים **שֽׁוֹבְב֑וּם מֵהַ֤ר אֶל־גִּבְעָה֙ הָלָ֔כוּ שָׁכְח֖וּ רִבְצָֽם׃",
"text": "*ṣōʾn* *ʾōbĕdôt* *hāyû* *ʿammî* *rōʿêhem* *hitʿûm* *hārîm* *šôbĕbûm* from-*har* to-*gibʿâ* *hālākû* *šākĕḥû* *ribṣām*.",
"grammar": {
"*ṣōʾn*": "noun, feminine singular - sheep/flock",
"*ʾōbĕdôt*": "qal participle, feminine plural - lost/perishing/wandering",
"*hāyû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they were/have been (Kethib/Qere variant in source)",
"*ʿammî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - my people",
"*rōʿêhem*": "qal participle, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their shepherds",
"*hitʿûm*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd common plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - caused them to err/led them astray",
"*hārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - mountains",
"*šôbĕbûm*": "polel perfect, 3rd common plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - have turned them away/led them astray (Kethib/Qere variant in source)",
"*har*": "noun, masculine singular - mountain",
"*gibʿâ*": "noun, feminine singular - hill",
"*hālākû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they went/walked",
"*šākĕḥû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they forgot",
"*ribṣām*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their resting place"
},
"variants": {
"*ṣōʾn* *ʾōbĕdôt*": "lost sheep/perishing flock",
"*hitʿûm*": "caused them to err/led them astray/misled them",
"*šôbĕbûm*": "turned them away/led them astray/made them backslide",
"*ribṣām*": "their resting place/fold/pasture"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.7",
"source": "כָּל־מוֹצְאֵיהֶ֣ם אֲכָל֔וּם וְצָרֵיהֶ֥ם אָמְר֖וּ לֹ֣א נֶאְשָׁ֑ם תַּ֗חַת אֲשֶׁ֨ר חָטְא֤וּ לַֽיהוָה֙ נְוֵה־צֶ֔דֶק וּמִקְוֵ֥ה אֲבֽוֹתֵיהֶ֖ם יְהוָֽה׃",
"text": "All-*môṣĕʾêhem* *ʾăkālûm* and-*ṣārêhem* *ʾāmĕrû* not *neʾšām* *taḥat* which *ḥāṭĕʾû* to-*YHWH* *nĕwê*-*ṣedeq* and-*miqwê* *ʾăbôtêhem* *YHWH*.",
"grammar": {
"*môṣĕʾêhem*": "qal participle, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - those finding them",
"*ʾăkālûm*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - devoured them",
"*ṣārêhem*": "qal participle, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their adversaries",
"*ʾāmĕrû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they said",
"*neʾšām*": "qal imperfect, 1st common plural - we are guilty",
"*taḥat*": "preposition - because/in place of",
"*ḥāṭĕʾû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they sinned",
"*nĕwê*": "noun, masculine singular construct - dwelling of/pasture of",
"*ṣedeq*": "noun, masculine singular - righteousness",
"*miqwê*": "noun, masculine singular construct - hope of",
"*ʾăbôtêhem*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their fathers"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾăkālûm*": "devoured/consumed them",
"*neʾšām*": "we are guilty/we have no guilt/we bear no blame",
"*nĕwê*-*ṣedeq*": "dwelling of righteousness/pasture of justice",
"*miqwê*": "hope/expectation/gathering"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.8",
"source": "נֻ֚דוּ מִתּ֣וֹךְ בָּבֶ֔ל וּמֵאֶ֥רֶץ כַּשְׂדִּ֖ים *יצאו **צֵ֑אוּ וִהְי֕וּ כְּעַתּוּדִ֖ים לִפְנֵי־צֹֽאן׃",
"text": "*Nudû* from-*tôk* *Bābel* and-from-*ʾereṣ* *Kaśdîm* *ṣēʾû* and-*wihyû* like-*ʿattûdîm* before-*ṣōʾn*.",
"grammar": {
"*Nudû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - flee/wander",
"*tôk*": "noun, masculine singular construct - midst of",
"*Bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of",
"*Kaśdîm*": "proper noun, plural - Chaldeans",
"*ṣēʾû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - go out/come out (Kethib/Qere variant in source)",
"*wihyû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - be/become",
"*ʿattûdîm*": "noun, masculine plural - male goats/leaders",
"*ṣōʾn*": "noun, feminine singular - sheep/flock"
},
"variants": {
"*Nudû*": "flee/wander/depart",
"*tôk*": "midst/middle/among",
"*ʿattûdîm*": "male goats/he-goats/leaders",
"*ʿattûdîm* before-*ṣōʾn*": "idiomatic expression suggesting leadership or going ahead"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.9",
"source": "כִּ֣י הִנֵּ֣ה אָנֹכִ֡י מֵעִיר֩ וּמַעֲלֶ֨ה עַל־בָּבֶ֜ל קְהַל־גּוֹיִ֤ם גְּדֹלִים֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ צָפ֔וֹן וְעָ֣רְכוּ לָ֔הּ מִשָּׁ֖ם תִּלָּכֵ֑ד חִצָּיו֙ כְּגִבּ֣וֹר מַשְׁכִּ֔יל לֹ֥א יָשׁ֖וּב רֵיקָֽם׃",
"text": "For *hinnê* *ʾānōkî* *mēʿîr* and-*maʿălê* against-*Bābel* *qĕhal*-*gôyim* *gĕdōlîm* from-*ʾereṣ* *ṣāpôn* and-*ʿārĕkû* to-her from-there *tillākēd* *ḥiṣṣāyw* like-*gibbôr* *maśkîl* not *yāšûb* *rêqām*.",
"grammar": {
"*hinnê*": "demonstrative particle - behold/see",
"*ʾānōkî*": "1st singular independent pronoun - I",
"*mēʿîr*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - arousing/stirring up",
"*maʿălê*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - bringing up/causing to go up",
"*qĕhal*": "noun, masculine singular construct - assembly of/congregation of",
"*gôyim*": "noun, masculine plural - nations",
"*gĕdōlîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - great/large",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of",
"*ṣāpôn*": "noun, masculine singular - north",
"*ʿārĕkû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they will arrange/set in order",
"*tillākēd*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will be captured",
"*ḥiṣṣāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his arrows",
"*gibbôr*": "noun, masculine singular - mighty man/warrior",
"*maśkîl*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - acting wisely/skillful",
"*yāšûb*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will return",
"*rêqām*": "adverb - empty/without effect"
},
"variants": {
"*mēʿîr*": "arousing/stirring up/awakening",
"*maʿălê*": "bringing up/causing to go up",
"*ʿārĕkû*": "they will arrange/set in order/prepare [for battle]",
"*gibbôr* *maśkîl*": "skilled warrior/expert fighter",
"*rêqām*": "empty/without effect/in vain"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.10",
"source": "וְהָיְתָ֥ה כַשְׂדִּ֖ים לְשָׁלָ֑ל כָּל־שֹׁלְלֶ֥יהָ יִשְׂבָּ֖עוּ נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃",
"text": "And-*hāyĕtâ* *Kaśdîm* for-*šālāl* all-*šōlĕlêhā* *yiśbāʿû* *nĕʾum*-*YHWH*.",
"grammar": {
"*hāyĕtâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will be",
"*Kaśdîm*": "proper noun, plural - Chaldea/Chaldeans",
"*šālāl*": "noun, masculine singular - plunder/spoil",
"*šōlĕlêhā*": "qal participle, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - those plundering her",
"*yiśbāʿû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will be satisfied",
"*nĕʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - declaration of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh"
},
"variants": {
"*šālāl*": "plunder/spoil/booty",
"*šōlĕlêhā*": "those plundering/spoiling/despoiling her",
"*yiśbāʿû*": "they will be satisfied/have enough/be filled"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.11",
"source": "כִּ֤י *תשמחי **תִשְׂמְחוּ֙ כִּ֣י *תעלזי **תַֽעֲלְז֔וּ שֹׁסֵ֖י נַחֲלָתִ֑י כִּ֤י *תפושי **תָפ֙וּשׁוּ֙ כְּעֶגְלָ֣ה דָשָׁ֔ה *ותצהלי **וְתִצְהֲל֖וּ כָּאֲבִּרִֽים׃",
"text": "For *tiśmĕḥû* for *taʿalzû* *šōsê* *naḥălātî* for *tāpûšû* like-*ʿeglâ* *dāšâ* and-*tiṣhalû* like-*ʾabbîrîm*.",
"grammar": {
"*tiśmĕḥû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you rejoice (Kethib/Qere variant in source - feminine singular/masculine plural)",
"*taʿalzû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you exult (Kethib/Qere variant in source - feminine singular/masculine plural)",
"*šōsê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - plunderers of",
"*naḥălātî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st singular suffix - my inheritance/heritage",
"*tāpûšû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you grow fat/spring about (Kethib/Qere variant in source - feminine singular/masculine plural)",
"*ʿeglâ*": "noun, feminine singular - heifer",
"*dāšâ*": "qal participle, feminine singular - threshing",
"*tiṣhalû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you neigh (Kethib/Qere variant in source - feminine singular/masculine plural)",
"*ʾabbîrîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - mighty/strong ones"
},
"variants": {
"*tiśmĕḥû*": "you rejoice/are glad",
"*taʿalzû*": "you exult/rejoice greatly",
"*šōsê*": "plunderers/spoilers/looters of",
"*tāpûšû*": "you grow fat/spring about/frisk",
"*dāšâ*": "threshing/trampling grain",
"*tiṣhalû*": "you neigh/make loud sounds",
"*ʾabbîrîm*": "mighty ones/stallions/steeds"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.12",
"source": "בּ֤וֹשָׁה אִמְּכֶם֙ מְאֹ֔ד חָפְרָ֖ה יֽוֹלַדְתְּכֶ֑ם הִנֵּה֙ אַחֲרִ֣ית גּוֹיִ֔ם מִדְבָּ֖ר צִיָּ֥ה וַעֲרָבָֽה׃",
"text": "*Bôšâ* *ʾimmĕkem* *mĕʾōd* *ḥāpĕrâ* *yôladtĕkem* *hinnê* *ʾaḥărît* *gôyim* *midbār* *ṣiyyâ* and-*ʿărābâ*.",
"grammar": {
"*Bôšâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she is ashamed",
"*ʾimmĕkem*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your mother",
"*mĕʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly",
"*ḥāpĕrâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she is disgraced/confounded",
"*yôladtĕkem*": "qal participle, feminine singular with 2nd masculine plural suffix - she who bore you",
"*hinnê*": "demonstrative particle - behold/see",
"*ʾaḥărît*": "noun, feminine singular construct - end of/last of",
"*gôyim*": "noun, masculine plural - nations",
"*midbār*": "noun, masculine singular - wilderness/desert",
"*ṣiyyâ*": "noun, feminine singular - dry land/drought",
"*ʿărābâ*": "noun, feminine singular - desert plain/wilderness"
},
"variants": {
"*Bôšâ*": "she is ashamed/put to shame",
"*ḥāpĕrâ*": "she is disgraced/confounded/put to shame",
"*yôladtĕkem*": "she who bore you/your birthgiver",
"*ʾaḥărît* *gôyim*": "last of nations/least of nations/end of nations",
"*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land",
"*ṣiyyâ*": "dry land/drought/parched region",
"*ʿărābâ*": "desert plain/wilderness/steppe"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.13",
"source": "מִקֶּ֤צֶף יְהוָה֙ לֹ֣א תֵשֵׁ֔ב וְהָיְתָ֥ה שְׁמָמָ֖ה כֻּלָּ֑הּ כֹּ֚ל עֹבֵ֣ר עַל־בָּבֶ֔ל יִשֹּׁ֥ם וְיִשְׁרֹ֖ק עַל־כָּל־מַכּוֹתֶֽיהָ׃",
"text": "From-*qeṣep* *YHWH* not *tēšēb* and-*hāyĕtâ* *šĕmāmâ* all-of-her all *ʿōbēr* upon-*Bābel* *yiššōm* and-*yišrōq* upon-all-*makkôtêhā*.",
"grammar": {
"*qeṣep*": "noun, masculine singular construct - wrath of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh",
"*tēšēb*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will be inhabited",
"*hāyĕtâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will be",
"*šĕmāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - desolation",
"*ʿōbēr*": "qal participle, masculine singular - one passing by",
"*Bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*yiššōm*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will be appalled",
"*yišrōq*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will hiss/whistle",
"*makkôtêhā*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her wounds/plagues"
},
"variants": {
"*qeṣep*": "wrath/anger/indignation",
"*tēšēb*": "she will be inhabited/dwelt in",
"*šĕmāmâ*": "desolation/waste/horror",
"*yiššōm*": "he will be appalled/astonished/horrified",
"*yišrōq*": "he will hiss/whistle (gesture of scorn or amazement)",
"*makkôtêhā*": "her wounds/plagues/disasters"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.14",
"source": "עִרְכ֨וּ עַל־בָּבֶ֤ל ׀ סָבִיב֙ כָּל־דֹּ֣רְכֵי קֶ֔שֶׁת יְד֣וּ אֵלֶ֔יהָ אַֽל־תַּחְמְל֖וּ אֶל־חֵ֑ץ כִּ֥י לַֽיהוָ֖ה חָטָֽאָה׃",
"text": "*ʿIrkû* against-*Bābel* *sābîb* all-*dōrĕkê* *qešet* *yĕdû* to-her not-*taḥmĕlû* to-*ḥēṣ* for to-*YHWH* *ḥāṭāʾâ*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʿIrkû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - array/draw up in battle order",
"*Bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*sābîb*": "adverb - around/surrounding",
"*dōrĕkê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - those who bend/tread",
"*qešet*": "noun, feminine singular - bow",
"*yĕdû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - shoot/throw",
"*taḥmĕlû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural (jussive sense with negative) - spare/pity",
"*ḥēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - arrow",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh",
"*ḥāṭāʾâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she has sinned"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿIrkû*": "array/draw up in battle order/prepare",
"*dōrĕkê* *qešet*": "those who bend/tread the bow (archers)",
"*yĕdû*": "shoot/throw/cast",
"*taḥmĕlû*": "spare/pity/have compassion",
"*ḥāṭāʾâ*": "she has sinned/offended/done wrong"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.15",
"source": "הָרִ֨יעוּ עָלֶ֤יהָ סָבִיב֙ נָתְנָ֣ה יָדָ֔הּ נָֽפְלוּ֙ *אשויתיה **אָשְׁיוֹתֶ֔יהָ נֶהֶרְס֖וּ חֽוֹמוֹתֶ֑יהָ כִּי֩ נִקְמַ֨ת יְהוָ֥ה הִיא֙ הִנָּ֣קְמוּ בָ֔הּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשְׂתָ֖ה עֲשׂוּ־לָֽהּ׃",
"text": "*Hārîʿû* against-her *sābîb* *nātĕnâ* *yādāh* *nāpĕlû* *ʾāšyôtêhā* *nehersû* *ḥômôtêhā* for *niqmat* *YHWH* she *hinnāqĕmû* in-her as-which *ʿāśĕtâ* *ʿăśû*-to-her.",
"grammar": {
"*Hārîʿû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural - shout/sound alarm",
"*sābîb*": "adverb - around/surrounding",
"*nātĕnâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she has given",
"*yādāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her hand",
"*nāpĕlû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have fallen",
"*ʾāšyôtêhā*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her foundations (Kethib/Qere variant in source)",
"*nehersû*": "niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - they are demolished",
"*ḥômôtêhā*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her walls",
"*niqmat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - vengeance of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh",
"*hinnāqĕmû*": "niphal imperative, masculine plural - take vengeance",
"*ʿāśĕtâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she has done",
"*ʿăśû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - do"
},
"variants": {
"*Hārîʿû*": "shout/raise war cry/sound alarm",
"*nātĕnâ* *yādāh*": "idiom - she has surrendered/given up",
"*ʾāšyôtêhā*": "her foundations/pillars/supports",
"*nehersû*": "they are demolished/torn down/destroyed",
"*hinnāqĕmû*": "take vengeance/avenge yourselves"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.16",
"source": "כִּרְת֤וּ זוֹרֵ֙עַ֙ מִבָּבֶ֔ל וְתֹפֵ֥שׂ מַגָּ֖ל בְּעֵ֣ת קָצִ֑יר מִפְּנֵי֙ חֶ֣רֶב הַיּוֹנָ֔ה אִ֤ישׁ אֶל־עַמּוֹ֙ יִפְנ֔וּ וְאִ֥ישׁ לְאַרְצ֖וֹ יָנֻֽסוּ׃ ס",
"text": "*kirtu* *zoreaʿ* from *bavel* *wə-topes* *magal* in *ʿet* *qatsir*; from *pəney* *ḥerev* the *yonah*, *ʾish* to *ʿammo* *yipnu*, *wə-ʾish* to *ʾartso* *yanusu*.",
"grammar": {
"*kirtu*": "imperative plural - cut off/destroy",
"*zoreaʿ*": "participle, masculine singular - sower/one who sows",
"*bavel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*wə-topes*": "conjunction + participle, masculine singular - and one who grasps/holds",
"*magal*": "noun, masculine singular - sickle",
"*ʿet*": "construct state - time of",
"*qatsir*": "noun, masculine singular - harvest",
"*pəney*": "construct noun - face of/before",
"*ḥerev*": "noun, feminine singular - sword",
"*yonah*": "adjective, feminine singular - oppressing/devastating",
"*ʾish*": "noun, masculine singular - man/each one",
"*ʿammo*": "noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his people",
"*yipnu*": "imperfect, 3rd person plural - they will turn",
"*wə-ʾish*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and each one",
"*ʾartso*": "noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his land",
"*yanusu*": "imperfect, 3rd person plural - they will flee"
},
"variants": {
"*kirtu*": "cut off/destroy/remove",
"*zoreaʿ*": "sower/planter/one who spreads seed",
"*topes*": "holder/wielder/one who grasps",
"*magal*": "sickle/harvesting implement",
"*ḥerev*": "sword/warfare/destruction",
"*yonah*": "oppressing/devastating/cruel/dove-like (possibly referring to swiftness)"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.17",
"source": "שֶׂ֧ה פְזוּרָ֛ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֲרָי֣וֹת הִדִּ֑יחוּ הָרִאשׁ֤וֹן אֲכָלוֹ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר וְזֶ֤ה הָאַחֲרוֹן֙ עִצְּמ֔וֹ נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֖ר מֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶֽל׃ ס",
"text": "*seh* *pəzurah* *yisraʾel* *ʾarayot* *hiddiḥu* the *riʾshon* *ʾakhalo* *melekh* *ʾashshur* *wə-zeh* the *ʾaḥaron* *ʿitstsəmo* *nəvukhadreʾtstsar* *melekh* *bavel*.",
"grammar": {
"*seh*": "noun, masculine singular - sheep/lamb",
"*pəzurah*": "adjective, feminine singular - scattered",
"*yisraʾel*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ʾarayot*": "noun, masculine plural - lions",
"*hiddiḥu*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person plural - they have driven away/scattered",
"*riʾshon*": "adjective, masculine singular + definite article - the first",
"*ʾakhalo*": "perfect, 3rd person singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he has eaten/devoured him",
"*melekh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of",
"*ʾashshur*": "proper noun - Assyria",
"*wə-zeh*": "conjunction + demonstrative pronoun - and this",
"*ʾaḥaron*": "adjective, masculine singular + definite article - the last",
"*ʿitstsəmo*": "Piel perfect, 3rd person singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he has broken/crushed his bones",
"*nəvukhadreʾtstsar*": "proper noun - Nebuchadnezzar",
"*melekh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of",
"*bavel*": "proper noun - Babylon"
},
"variants": {
"*seh*": "sheep/lamb/flock member",
"*pəzurah*": "scattered/dispersed/driven away",
"*hiddiḥu*": "scattered/driven away/thrust aside",
"*ʾakhalo*": "devoured/consumed/eaten him",
"*ʿitstsəmo*": "broken his bones/crushed him/gnawed his bones"
}
}
18 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.18",
"source": "לָכֵ֗ן כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הִנְנִ֥י פֹקֵ֛ד אֶל־מֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶ֖ל וְאֶל־אַרְצ֑וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר פָּקַ֖דְתִּי אֶל־מֶ֥לֶךְ אַשּֽׁוּר׃",
"text": "*lakhen* thus *ʾamar* *YHWH* *tsevaʾot* *ʾelohey* *yisraʾel* behold I *poqed* against *melekh* *bavel* and against *ʾartso* as *kaʾasher* *paqadti* against *melekh* *ʾashshur*.",
"grammar": {
"*lakhen*": "adverb - therefore",
"*ʾamar*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has said/spoken",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*tsevaʾot*": "noun, feminine plural construct - of hosts/armies",
"*ʾelohey*": "noun, masculine plural construct - God of",
"*yisraʾel*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*poqed*": "participle, masculine singular - punishing/visiting",
"*melekh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of",
"*bavel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*ʾartso*": "noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his land",
"*kaʾasher*": "comparative conjunction - as/just as",
"*paqadti*": "perfect, 1st person singular - I have punished/visited",
"*melekh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of",
"*ʾashshur*": "proper noun - Assyria"
},
"variants": {
"*lakhen*": "therefore/for this reason",
"*poqed*": "punishing/visiting/attending to/bringing judgment upon",
"*paqadti*": "I punished/visited/attended to/brought judgment upon"
}
}
19 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.19",
"source": "וְשֹׁבַבְתִּ֤י אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶל־נָוֵ֔הוּ וְרָעָ֥ה הַכַּרְמֶ֖ל וְהַבָּשָׁ֑ן וּבְהַ֥ר אֶפְרַ֛יִם וְהַגִּלְעָ֖ד תִּשְׂבַּ֥ע נַפְשֽׁוֹ׃",
"text": "*wə-shovavti* *ʾet*-*yisraʾel* to *navehu* *wə-raʿah* the *karmel* and the *bashan* and in mountain of *ʾefrayim* and the *gilʿad* *tisbaʿ* *nafsho*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-shovavti*": "conjunction + Polel perfect, 1st person singular - and I will bring back/restore",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*yisraʾel*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*navehu*": "noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his pasture/dwelling",
"*wə-raʿah*": "conjunction + perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he will graze/feed",
"*karmel*": "proper noun + definite article - the Carmel",
"*bashan*": "proper noun + definite article - the Bashan",
"*ʾefrayim*": "proper noun - Ephraim",
"*gilʿad*": "proper noun + definite article - the Gilead",
"*tisbaʿ*": "imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she will be satisfied",
"*nafsho*": "noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his soul/life/appetite"
},
"variants": {
"*shovavti*": "I will return/restore/bring back",
"*navehu*": "his pasture/dwelling place/habitat",
"*raʿah*": "he will graze/feed/shepherd",
"*tisbaʿ*": "will be satisfied/filled/have enough",
"*nafsho*": "his soul/life/appetite/desire"
}
}
20 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.20",
"source": "בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵם֩ וּבָעֵ֨ת הַהִ֜יא נְאֻם־יְהוָ֗ה יְבֻקַּ֞שׁ אֶת־עֲוֺ֤ן יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְאֵינֶ֔נּוּ וְאֶת־חַטֹּ֥את יְהוּדָ֖ה וְלֹ֣א תִמָּצֶ֑אינָה כִּ֥י אֶסְלַ֖ח לַאֲשֶׁ֥ר אַשְׁאִֽיר׃",
"text": "In the *yamim* those and in the *ʿet* that *nəʾum*-*YHWH* *yəvuqqash* *ʾet*-*ʿavon* *yisraʾel* *wə-ʾeynennu* and *ʾet*-*ḥattot* *yəhudah* and not *timmatseʾnah* for *ʾeslaḥ* to those whom *ʾashʾir*.",
"grammar": {
"*yamim*": "noun, masculine plural + definite article - the days",
"*ʿet*": "noun, feminine singular + definite article - the time",
"*nəʾum*": "construct noun - declaration of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*yəvuqqash*": "Pual imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will be sought",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ʿavon*": "noun, masculine singular construct - iniquity of",
"*yisraʾel*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*wə-ʾeynennu*": "conjunction + negative particle + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and it is not",
"*ḥattot*": "noun, feminine plural construct - sins of",
"*yəhudah*": "proper noun - Judah",
"*timmatseʾnah*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd person feminine plural - they will be found",
"*ʾeslaḥ*": "imperfect, 1st person singular - I will forgive/pardon",
"*ʾashʾir*": "Hiphil imperfect, 1st person singular - I will leave/spare/reserve"
},
"variants": {
"*nəʾum*": "utterance/declaration/oracle",
"*yəvuqqash*": "will be sought/searched for",
"*ʿavon*": "iniquity/guilt/punishment for iniquity",
"*ʾeynennu*": "it is not/it will not exist",
"*ḥattot*": "sins/offenses/failures",
"*timmatseʾnah*": "they will be found/discovered/located",
"*ʾeslaḥ*": "I will forgive/pardon/show mercy",
"*ʾashʾir*": "I will leave/spare/reserve/keep"
}
}
21 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.21",
"source": "עַל־הָאָ֤רֶץ מְרָתַ֙יִם֙ עֲלֵ֣ה עָלֶ֔יהָ וְאֶל־יוֹשְׁבֵ֖י פְּק֑וֹד חֲרֹ֨ב וְהַחֲרֵ֤ם אַֽחֲרֵיהֶם֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וַעֲשֵׂ֕ה כְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוִּיתִֽיךָ׃ ס",
"text": "Against the *ʾarets* *məratayim* *ʿaleh* against her and against *yoshvey* *pəqod* *ḥarov* and *haḥarem* after them *nəʾum*-*YHWH* and *ʿaseh* according to all which *tsivviticha*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾarets*": "noun, feminine singular + definite article - the land",
"*məratayim*": "proper noun/place name - Merathaim",
"*ʿaleh*": "imperative, masculine singular - go up",
"*yoshvey*": "participle, masculine plural construct - inhabitants of",
"*pəqod*": "proper noun/place name - Pekod",
"*ḥarov*": "imperative, masculine singular - destroy/slay",
"*haḥarem*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine singular - utterly destroy/devote to destruction",
"*nəʾum*": "construct noun - declaration of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*ʿaseh*": "imperative, masculine singular - do",
"*tsivviticha*": "Piel perfect, 1st person singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - I have commanded you"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾarets*": "land/earth/territory",
"*məratayim*": "Double Rebellion/Double Bitterness (symbolic name for Babylon)",
"*ʿaleh*": "go up/ascend/attack",
"*pəqod*": "Visitation/Punishment (symbolic name for Babylonian region)",
"*ḥarov*": "destroy/slay/waste",
"*haḥarem*": "utterly destroy/ban/devote to destruction",
"*ʿaseh*": "do/perform/accomplish"
}
}
22 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.22",
"source": "ק֥וֹל מִלְחָמָ֖ה בָּאָ֑רֶץ וְשֶׁ֖בֶר גָּדֽוֹל׃",
"text": "*qol* *milḥamah* in the *ʾarets* and *shever* *gadol*.",
"grammar": {
"*qol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - sound of",
"*milḥamah*": "noun, feminine singular - war/battle",
"*ʾarets*": "noun, feminine singular + definite article - the land",
"*shever*": "noun, masculine singular - breaking/destruction",
"*gadol*": "adjective, masculine singular - great"
},
"variants": {
"*qol*": "sound/noise/voice",
"*milḥamah*": "war/battle/fighting",
"*shever*": "breaking/destruction/fracture/ruin",
"*gadol*": "great/large/mighty"
}
}
23 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.23",
"source": "אֵ֤יךְ נִגְדַּע֙ וַיִּשָּׁבֵ֔ר פַּטִּ֖ישׁ כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ אֵ֣יךְ הָיְתָ֧ה לְשַׁמָּ֛ה בָּבֶ֖ל בַּגּוֹיִֽם׃",
"text": "How *nigdaʿ* and *yishshaver* *pattish* all the *ʾarets*! How *haytah* *lə-shammah* *bavel* among the *goyim*!",
"grammar": {
"*ʾeykh*": "interrogative adverb - how",
"*nigdaʿ*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it has been cut down/hewn down",
"*yishshaver*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and it has been broken",
"*pattish*": "noun, masculine singular - hammer",
"*ʾarets*": "noun, feminine singular + definite article - the land/earth",
"*haytah*": "perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she has become",
"*lə-shammah*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - to desolation/horror",
"*bavel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*goyim*": "noun, masculine plural + definite article - the nations"
},
"variants": {
"*nigdaʿ*": "cut down/hewn down/chopped off",
"*yishshaver*": "broken/shattered/destroyed",
"*pattish*": "hammer/mallet (metaphor for Babylon as conqueror)",
"*shammah*": "desolation/horror/waste/object of horror",
"*goyim*": "nations/peoples/gentiles"
}
}
24 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.24",
"source": "יָקֹ֨שְׁתִּי לָ֤ךְ וְגַם־נִלְכַּדְתְּ֙ בָּבֶ֔ל וְאַ֖תְּ לֹ֣א יָדָ֑עַתְּ נִמְצֵאת֙ וְגַם־נִתְפַּ֔שְׂתְּ כִּ֥י בַֽיהוָ֖ה הִתְגָּרִֽית׃",
"text": "*yaqoshti* for you and also *nilkadt* *bavel* and you not *yadaʿat* *nimtset* and also *nitpast* for against *YHWH* *hitgarit*.",
"grammar": {
"*yaqoshti*": "Qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have set a snare",
"*nilkadt*": "Niphal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you have been caught/trapped",
"*bavel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*yadaʿat*": "perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you knew",
"*nimtset*": "Niphal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you have been found",
"*nitpast*": "Niphal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you have been seized",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*hitgarit*": "Hithpael perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you have engaged in strife"
},
"variants": {
"*yaqoshti*": "I have set a snare/trap/laid a snare",
"*nilkadt*": "you have been caught/trapped/captured",
"*yadaʿat*": "you knew/perceived/realized",
"*nimtset*": "you have been found/discovered",
"*nitpast*": "you have been seized/captured/taken",
"*hitgarit*": "you have provoked/contended with/engaged in strife with"
}
}
25 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.25",
"source": "פָּתַ֤ח יְהוָה֙ אֶת־א֣וֹצָר֔וֹ וַיּוֹצֵ֖א אֶת־כְּלֵ֣י זַעְמ֑וֹ כִּי־מְלָאכָ֣ה הִ֗יא לַֽאדֹנָ֧י יְהוִ֛ה צְבָא֖וֹת בְּאֶ֥רֶץ כַּשְׂדִּֽים׃",
"text": "*pataḥ* *YHWH* *ʾet*-*ʾotsaro* and *yotseʾ* *ʾet*-*kəley* *zaʿmo* for *məlaʾkhah* she for *ʾadonay* *YHWH* *tsevaʾot* in *ʾerets* *kasdim*.",
"grammar": {
"*pataḥ*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has opened",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ʾotsaro*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his storehouse/treasury",
"*yotseʾ*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he brought out",
"*kəley*": "noun, masculine plural construct - instruments/weapons of",
"*zaʿmo*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his indignation",
"*məlaʾkhah*": "noun, feminine singular - work/task",
"*ʾadonay*": "divine title - Lord/Master",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*tsevaʾot*": "noun, feminine plural - of hosts/armies",
"*ʾerets*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of",
"*kasdim*": "proper noun - Chaldeans"
},
"variants": {
"*pataḥ*": "opened/unlocked/released",
"*ʾotsaro*": "his storehouse/treasury/armory",
"*yotseʾ*": "brought out/produced/brought forth",
"*kəley*": "instruments/weapons/implements",
"*zaʿmo*": "his indignation/wrath/anger",
"*məlaʾkhah*": "work/task/business/deed",
"*kasdim*": "Chaldeans (people of Babylonia)"
}
}
26 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.26",
"source": "בֹּֽאוּ־לָ֤הּ מִקֵּץ֙ פִּתְח֣וּ מַאֲבֻסֶ֔יהָ סָלּ֥וּהָ כְמוֹ־עֲרֵמִ֖ים וְהַחֲרִימ֑וּהָ אַל־תְּהִי־לָ֖הּ שְׁאֵרִֽית׃",
"text": "*boʾu*-to her from *qets* *pitḥu* *maʾavuseha* *salluha* like-*ʿaremim* and *haḥarimuha* not *təhi*-to her *shəʾerit*.",
"grammar": {
"*boʾu*": "imperative, masculine plural - come",
"*qets*": "noun, masculine singular - end/extremity",
"*pitḥu*": "imperative, masculine plural - open",
"*maʾavuseha*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her granaries/storehouses",
"*salluha*": "imperative, masculine plural + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - pile her up",
"*ʿaremim*": "noun, masculine plural - heaps",
"*haḥarimuha*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine plural + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - utterly destroy her",
"*təhi*": "jussive, 3rd person feminine singular - let there be",
"*shəʾerit*": "noun, feminine singular - remnant/remainder"
},
"variants": {
"*boʾu*": "come/enter/arrive",
"*qets*": "end/extremity/furthest border",
"*pitḥu*": "open/unlock/release",
"*maʾavuseha*": "her granaries/storehouses/barns",
"*salluha*": "pile her up/heap her up",
"*ʿaremim*": "heaps/piles/stacks",
"*haḥarimuha*": "utterly destroy her/devote her to destruction",
"*shəʾerit*": "remnant/remainder/survivor"
}
}
27 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.27",
"source": "חִרְבוּ֙ כָּל־פָּרֶ֔יהָ יֵרְד֖וּ לַטָּ֑בַח ה֣וֹי עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם כִּֽי־בָ֥א יוֹמָ֖ם עֵ֥ת פְּקֻדָּתָֽם׃ ס",
"text": "*ḥirvu* all-*pareha* *yerdu* to the *tabbaḥ* *hoy* upon them for *baʾ* *yomam* *ʿet* *pəquddatam*.",
"grammar": {
"*ḥirvu*": "imperative, masculine plural - slay/destroy",
"*pareha*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her bulls/leaders",
"*yerdu*": "imperative, masculine plural - let them go down",
"*tabbaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular + definite article - the slaughter",
"*hoy*": "interjection - woe/alas",
"*baʾ*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has come",
"*yomam*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their day",
"*ʿet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - time of",
"*pəquddatam*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their visitation/punishment"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥirvu*": "slay/destroy/kill",
"*pareha*": "her bulls/young bulls/leaders (metaphorical for warriors or leaders)",
"*yerdu*": "go down/descend/be brought down",
"*tabbaḥ*": "slaughter/butchering",
"*hoy*": "woe/alas/ah (exclamation of distress)",
"*pəquddatam*": "their visitation/punishment/reckoning"
}
}
28 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.28",
"source": "ק֥וֹל נָסִ֛ים וּפְלֵטִ֖ים מֵאֶ֣רֶץ בָּבֶ֑ל לְהַגִּ֣יד בְּצִיּ֗וֹן אֶת־נִקְמַת֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ נִקְמַ֖ת הֵיכָלֽוֹ׃",
"text": "*qol* *nasim* and *pəletim* from *ʾerets* *bavel* to *haggid* in *tsiyyon* *ʾet*-*niqmat* *YHWH* *ʾeloheynu* *niqmat* *hekhalo*.",
"grammar": {
"*qol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - sound of",
"*nasim*": "participle, masculine plural - fleeing ones",
"*pəletim*": "participle, masculine plural - escaping ones",
"*ʾerets*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of",
"*bavel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*haggid*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - to declare/tell",
"*tsiyyon*": "proper noun - Zion",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*niqmat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - vengeance of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*ʾeloheynu*": "noun, masculine plural + 1st person plural suffix - our God",
"*niqmat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - vengeance of",
"*hekhalo*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his temple"
},
"variants": {
"*qol*": "sound/voice/noise",
"*nasim*": "fleeing ones/fugitives",
"*pəletim*": "escaped ones/fugitives/survivors",
"*haggid*": "to declare/announce/proclaim",
"*niqmat*": "vengeance/retribution/revenge",
"*hekhalo*": "his temple/palace/sanctuary"
}
}
29 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.29",
"source": "הַשְׁמִ֣יעוּ אֶל־בָּבֶ֣ל ׀ רַ֠בִּים כָּל־דֹּ֨רְכֵי קֶ֜שֶׁת חֲנ֧וּ עָלֶ֣יהָ סָבִ֗יב אַל־יְהִי־לָהּ֙ פְּלֵטָ֔ה שַׁלְּמוּ־לָ֣הּ כְּפָעֳלָ֔הּ כְּכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשְׂתָ֖ה עֲשׂוּ־לָ֑הּ כִּ֧י אֶל־יְהוָ֛ה זָ֖דָה אֶל־קְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃",
"text": "*hashmiʿu* to *bavel* *rabbim* all-*dorkhey* *qeshet* *ḥanu* against her *saviv* not *yəhi*-to her *pəletah* *shallemu*-to her according to *pŏʿolah* according to all which *ʿastah* *ʿasu*-to her for against *YHWH* *zadah* against *qədosh* *yisraʾel*.",
"grammar": {
"*hashmiʿu*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - summon/call/announce",
"*bavel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*rabbim*": "adjective, masculine plural - many",
"*dorkhey*": "participle, masculine plural construct - drawers/benders of",
"*qeshet*": "noun, feminine singular - bow",
"*ḥanu*": "imperative, masculine plural - encamp",
"*saviv*": "adverb - around/surrounding",
"*yəhi*": "jussive, 3rd person masculine singular - let there be",
"*pəletah*": "noun, feminine singular - escape/deliverance",
"*shallemu*": "Piel imperative, masculine plural - repay",
"*pŏʿolah*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her deed",
"*ʿastah*": "perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she has done",
"*ʿasu*": "imperative, masculine plural - do",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*zadah*": "perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she has acted proudly",
"*qədosh*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - Holy One of",
"*yisraʾel*": "proper noun - Israel"
},
"variants": {
"*hashmiʿu*": "summon/call/announce to",
"*rabbim*": "many/numerous/great",
"*dorkhey*": "drawers/benders of/archers",
"*qeshet*": "bow/weapon",
"*ḥanu*": "encamp/set up camp/besiege",
"*saviv*": "around/surrounding/on every side",
"*pəletah*": "escape/deliverance/fugitive",
"*shallemu*": "repay/requite/recompense",
"*pŏʿolah*": "her deed/work/action",
"*zadah*": "acted proudly/presumptuously/arrogantly"
}
}
30 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.30",
"source": "לָכֵ֛ן יִפְּל֥וּ בַחוּרֶ֖יהָ בִּרְחֹבֹתֶ֑יהָ וְכָל־אַנְשֵׁ֨י מִלְחַמְתָּ֥הּ יִדַּ֛מּוּ בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ ס",
"text": "Therefore *yippəlu* *baḥureha* in *rəḥovoteha* and all-*ʾanshey* *milḥamtah* *yiddammu* in the *yom* that *nəʾum*-*YHWH*.",
"grammar": {
"*yippəlu*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will fall",
"*baḥureha*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her young men",
"*rəḥovoteha*": "noun, feminine plural + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her streets/squares",
"*ʾanshey*": "noun, masculine plural construct - men of",
"*milḥamtah*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her war/battle",
"*yiddammu*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will be silenced/cut off",
"*yom*": "noun, masculine singular + definite article - the day",
"*nəʾum*": "construct noun - declaration of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name"
},
"variants": {
"*yippəlu*": "they will fall/collapse/be killed",
"*baḥureha*": "her young men/chosen warriors",
"*rəḥovoteha*": "her streets/public squares/open places",
"*ʾanshey*": "men of/warriors of",
"*milḥamtah*": "her war/battle/fighting",
"*yiddammu*": "they will be silenced/cut off/destroyed/perish"
}
}
31 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.31",
"source": "הִנְנִ֤י אֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ זָד֔וֹן נְאֻם־אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִ֖ה צְבָא֑וֹת כִּ֛י בָּ֥א יוֹמְךָ֖ עֵ֥ת פְּקַדְתִּֽיךָ׃",
"text": "Behold I against you *zadon* *nəʾum*-*ʾadonay* *YHWH* *tsevaʾot* for *baʾ* *yomkha* *ʿet* *pəqadticha*.",
"grammar": {
"*hinni*": "interjection + 1st person singular suffix - behold I",
"*ʾeleycha*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - against you",
"*zadon*": "adjective, masculine singular - proud/insolent one",
"*nəʾum*": "construct noun - declaration of",
"*ʾadonay*": "divine title - Lord/Master",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*tsevaʾot*": "noun, feminine plural - of hosts/armies",
"*baʾ*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has come",
"*yomkha*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your day",
"*ʿet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - time of",
"*pəqadticha*": "infinitive construct + 1st person singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - my punishment of you"
},
"variants": {
"*zadon*": "proud one/insolent one/presumptuous one",
"*nəʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle",
"*baʾ*": "has come/arrived/reached",
"*pəqadticha*": "my punishment of you/my visitation upon you"
}
}
32 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.32",
"source": "וְכָשַׁ֤ל זָדוֹן֙ וְנָפַ֔ל וְאֵ֥ין ל֖וֹ מֵקִ֑ים וְהִצַּ֤תִּי אֵשׁ֙ בְּעָרָ֔יו וְאָכְלָ֖ה כָּל־סְבִיבֹתָֽיו׃ ס",
"text": "And *kāšal* *zādôn* and *nāpal*, and *ʾên* to-him *mēqîm*; and *hiṣṣattî* *ʾēš* in-*ʿārāyw*, and *ʾāklâ* all-*sĕbîbōtāyw*.",
"grammar": {
"*kāšal*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - stumble/stagger",
"*zādôn*": "masculine singular noun - pride/presumption/arrogance",
"*nāpal*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - fall/be cast down",
"*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not",
"*lô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him",
"*mēqîm*": "Hiphil participle, masculine singular - one who raises up/helper",
"*hiṣṣattî*": "Hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I will kindle/set on fire",
"*ʾēš*": "feminine singular noun - fire",
"*ʿārāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his cities",
"*ʾāklâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - it will consume/devour",
"*kāl*": "construct noun - all of",
"*sĕbîbōtāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his surroundings/environs"
},
"variants": {
"*kāšal*": "stumble/stagger/totter/fall",
"*zādôn*": "pride/arrogance/insolence/presumption",
"*nāpal*": "fall/be cast down/fail",
"*mēqîm*": "one who raises up/helper/supporter",
"*hiṣṣattî*": "I will kindle/set ablaze/ignite",
"*ʾāklâ*": "consume/devour/eat up"
}
}
33 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.33",
"source": "כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת עֲשׁוּקִ֛ים בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל וּבְנֵי־יְהוּדָ֖ה יַחְדָּ֑ו וְכָל־שֹֽׁבֵיהֶם֙ הֶחֱזִ֣יקוּ בָ֔ם מֵאֲנ֖וּ שַׁלְּחָֽם׃",
"text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH* *ṣĕbāʾôt*, *ʿăšûqîm* sons-of-*yiśrāʾēl* and-sons-of-*yĕhûdâ* *yaḥdāw*; and-all-*šōbêhem* *heḥĕzîqû* in-them, *mēʾănû* *šallĕḥām*.",
"grammar": {
"*kōh*": "adverb - thus/so",
"*ʾāmar*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - says/said",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - personal name of God",
"*ṣĕbāʾôt*": "feminine plural noun, construct state - of hosts/armies",
"*ʿăšûqîm*": "Qal passive participle, masculine plural - oppressed/exploited ones",
"*bĕnê*": "masculine plural noun, construct - sons of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*û*": "conjunction - and",
"*bĕnê*": "masculine plural noun, construct - sons of",
"*yĕhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah",
"*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together/at the same time",
"*kāl*": "construct noun - all of",
"*šōbêhem*": "Qal participle, masculine plural with 3rd plural suffix - their captors",
"*heḥĕzîqû*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd plural - they have seized/held firmly",
"*bām*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - in them",
"*mēʾănû*": "Piel perfect, 3rd plural - they have refused",
"*šallĕḥām*": "Piel infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to release/let them go"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿăšûqîm*": "oppressed/exploited/defrauded ones",
"*šōbêhem*": "their captors/captives/captivity",
"*heḥĕzîqû*": "seized strongly/held fast/grasped firmly",
"*mēʾănû*": "refused/were unwilling/declined",
"*šallĕḥām*": "to release them/let them go/send them away"
}
}
34 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.34",
"source": "גֹּאֲלָ֣ם ׀ חָזָ֗ק יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ שְׁמ֔וֹ רִ֥יב יָרִ֖יב אֶת־רִיבָ֑ם לְמַ֙עַן֙ הִרְגִּ֣יעַ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְהִרְגִּ֖יז לְיֹשְׁבֵ֥י בָבֶֽל׃",
"text": "*gōʾălām* *ḥāzāq* *YHWH* *ṣĕbāʾôt* *šĕmô*, *rîb* *yārîb* *ʾet*-*rîbām* *lĕmaʿan* *hirgîaʿ* *ʾet*-*hāʾāreṣ* and-*hirgîz* to-inhabitants-of-*bābel*.",
"grammar": {
"*gōʾălām*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their redeemer",
"*ḥāzāq*": "adjective, masculine singular - strong/mighty",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - personal name of God",
"*ṣĕbāʾôt*": "feminine plural noun, construct state - of hosts/armies",
"*šĕmô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name",
"*rîb*": "Qal infinitive absolute - contend/plead a case",
"*yārîb*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will contend/plead",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*rîbām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their case/cause",
"*lĕmaʿan*": "conjunction - in order that/so that",
"*hirgîaʿ*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - to give rest to/cause quietness",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the land/earth",
"*hirgîz*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - to cause to tremble/disquiet",
"*lĕyōšĕbê*": "preposition + Qal participle, masculine plural construct - to inhabitants of",
"*bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon"
},
"variants": {
"*gōʾălām*": "their redeemer/avenger/kinsman",
"*ḥāzāq*": "strong/mighty/powerful",
"*rîb*": "contention/controversy/case/dispute",
"*yārîb*": "will contend/plead/strive",
"*hirgîaʿ*": "to give rest/cause quietness/provide relief",
"*hirgîz*": "to cause trembling/disquiet/agitate/disturb"
}
}
35 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.35",
"source": "חֶ֥רֶב עַל־כַּשְׂדִּ֖ים נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וְאֶל־יֹשְׁבֵ֣י בָבֶ֔ל וְאֶל־שָׂרֶ֖יהָ וְאֶל־חֲכָמֶֽיהָ׃",
"text": "*ḥereb* against-*kaśdîm*, *nĕʾum*-*YHWH*, and-against-inhabitants-of-*bābel*, and-against-*śāreyhā*, and-against-*ḥăkāmeyhā*.",
"grammar": {
"*ḥereb*": "feminine singular noun - sword",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - against/upon",
"*kaśdîm*": "proper noun, plural - Chaldeans",
"*nĕʾum*": "masculine singular construct - declaration/utterance of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - personal name of God",
"*wĕ*": "conjunction - and",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to/against",
"*yōšĕbê*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct - inhabitants of",
"*bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*wĕ*": "conjunction - and",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to/against",
"*śāreyhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her officials/princes",
"*wĕ*": "conjunction - and",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to/against",
"*ḥăkāmeyhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her wise men/sages"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥereb*": "sword/war/destruction",
"*kaśdîm*": "Chaldeans (people of Babylonia)",
"*nĕʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle",
"*śāreyhā*": "her officials/princes/rulers",
"*ḥăkāmeyhā*": "her wise men/sages/counselors"
}
}
36 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.36",
"source": "חֶ֥רֶב אֶל־הַבַּדִּ֖ים וְנֹאָ֑לוּ חֶ֥רֶב אֶל־גִּבּוֹרֶ֖יהָ וָחָֽתּוּ׃",
"text": "*ḥereb* against-*habbaddîm* and-*nōʾālû*; *ḥereb* against-*gibbôreyhā* and-*ḥāttû*.",
"grammar": {
"*ḥereb*": "feminine singular noun - sword",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - against/to",
"*habbaddîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the diviners/seers/oracle-priests",
"*wĕ*": "conjunction - and",
"*nōʾālû*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd plural - they will be foolish/become fools",
"*ḥereb*": "feminine singular noun - sword",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - against/to",
"*gibbôreyhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her mighty men/warriors",
"*wĕ*": "conjunction - and",
"*ḥāttû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd plural - they will be dismayed/shattered"
},
"variants": {
"*habbaddîm*": "diviners/soothsayers/oracle-priests/false prophets",
"*nōʾālû*": "will be foolish/become fools/act as fools",
"*gibbôreyhā*": "her mighty men/warriors/heroes",
"*ḥāttû*": "will be dismayed/shattered/broken/terrified"
}
}
37 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.37",
"source": "חֶ֜רֶב אֶל־סוּסָ֣יו וְאֶל־רִכְבּ֗וֹ וְאֶל־כָּל־הָעֶ֛רֶב אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּתוֹכָ֖הּ וְהָי֣וּ לְנָשִׁ֑ים חֶ֥רֶב אֶל־אוֹצְרֹתֶ֖יהָ וּבֻזָּֽזוּ׃",
"text": "*ḥereb* against-*sûsāyw* and-against-*rikbô* and-against-all-*hāʿereb* which [is] in-*tôkāh* and-*hāyû* like-*nāšîm*; *ḥereb* against-*ʾôṣĕrōteyhā* and-*buzzāzû*.",
"grammar": {
"*ḥereb*": "feminine singular noun - sword",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - against/to",
"*sûsāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his horses",
"*wĕ*": "conjunction - and",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - against/to",
"*rikbô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his chariot(s)",
"*wĕ*": "conjunction - and",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - against/to",
"*kāl*": "construct form - all of",
"*hāʿereb*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the mixed multitude/foreign mercenaries",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/who",
"*bĕtôkāh*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her midst",
"*wĕhāyû*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd plural - and they will become",
"*lĕnāšîm*": "preposition + feminine plural noun - like women",
"*ḥereb*": "feminine singular noun - sword",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - against/to",
"*ʾôṣĕrōteyhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her treasuries/storehouses",
"*ûbuzzāzû*": "conjunction + Pual perfect, 3rd plural - and they will be plundered"
},
"variants": {
"*sûsāyw*": "his horses",
"*rikbô*": "his chariot(s)/chariotry",
"*hāʿereb*": "mixed multitude/foreign mercenaries/mixed population",
"*tôkāh*": "her midst/middle/within her",
"*nāšîm*": "women (implying weakness/fear)",
"*ʾôṣĕrōteyhā*": "her treasuries/storehouses/treasures",
"*buzzāzû*": "will be plundered/looted/pillaged"
}
}
38 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.38",
"source": "חֹ֥רֶב אֶל־מֵימֶ֖יהָ וְיָבֵ֑שׁוּ כִּ֣י אֶ֤רֶץ פְּסִלִים֙ הִ֔יא וּבָאֵימִ֖ים יִתְהֹלָֽלוּ׃",
"text": "*ḥōreb* against-*mêmeyhā* and-*yābēšû*, for *ʾereṣ* *pĕsîlîm* *hîʾ*, and-in-*ʾêmîm* *yithōlālû*.",
"grammar": {
"*ḥōreb*": "masculine singular noun - drought/dryness",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - against/to",
"*mêmeyhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her waters",
"*wĕ*": "conjunction - and",
"*yābēšû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd plural - they will dry up",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular noun, construct - land of",
"*pĕsîlîm*": "masculine plural noun - idols/carved images",
"*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular pronoun - she/it",
"*û*": "conjunction - and",
"*bāʾêmîm*": "preposition + masculine plural noun - in terrors/horrible things",
"*yithōlālû*": "Hitpael imperfect, 3rd plural - they boast/act madly"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥōreb*": "drought/dryness (similar to *ḥereb*, sword, with different vocalization)",
"*mêmeyhā*": "her waters/waterways",
"*yābēšû*": "will dry up/be dried up/become dry",
"*pĕsîlîm*": "idols/carved images/graven images",
"*ʾêmîm*": "terrors/horrible things/fearful things",
"*yithōlālû*": "boast/act madly/are mad about/glory in"
}
}
39 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.39",
"source": "לָכֵ֗ן יֵשְׁב֤וּ צִיִּים֙ אֶת־אִיִּ֔ים וְיָ֥שְׁבוּ בָ֖הּ בְּנ֣וֹת יַֽעֲנָ֑ה וְלֹֽא־תֵשֵׁ֥ב עוֹד֙ לָנֶ֔צַח וְלֹ֥א תִשְׁכּ֖וֹן עַד־דּ֥וֹר וָדֽוֹר׃",
"text": "Therefore *yēšbû* *ṣiyyîm* with-*ʾiyyîm*, and-*yāšbû* in-her *bĕnôt* *yaʿănâ*; and-not-*tēšēb* again *lāneṣaḥ*, and-not *tiškôn* unto-*dôr* *wādôr*.",
"grammar": {
"*lākēn*": "adverb - therefore/thus",
"*yēšbû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will dwell/inhabit",
"*ṣiyyîm*": "masculine plural noun - desert creatures/wild beasts",
"*ʾet*": "preposition - with",
"*ʾiyyîm*": "masculine plural noun - howling creatures/jackals",
"*wĕ*": "conjunction - and",
"*yāšbû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd plural - they will dwell",
"*bāh*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her",
"*bĕnôt*": "feminine plural noun, construct - daughters of",
"*yaʿănâ*": "feminine singular noun - ostrich",
"*wĕ*": "conjunction - and",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*tēšēb*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will be inhabited",
"*ʿôd*": "adverb - again/still/yet",
"*lāneṣaḥ*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - forever",
"*wĕ*": "conjunction - and",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*tiškôn*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will be inhabited/dwelt in",
"*ʿad*": "preposition - until/unto",
"*dôr*": "masculine singular noun - generation",
"*wādôr*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and generation"
},
"variants": {
"*ṣiyyîm*": "desert creatures/wild beasts/wild cats",
"*ʾiyyîm*": "howling creatures/jackals/hyenas",
"*bĕnôt yaʿănâ*": "daughters of the ostrich/ostriches/owl",
"*tēšēb*": "will be inhabited/dwelt in/lived in",
"*lāneṣaḥ*": "forever/eternally/perpetually",
"*tiškôn*": "will be inhabited/dwelt in",
"*dôr wādôr*": "generation to generation/forever"
}
}
40 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.40",
"source": "כְּמַהְפֵּכַ֨ת אֱלֹהִ֜ים אֶת־סְדֹ֧ם וְאֶת־עֲמֹרָ֛ה וְאֶת־שְׁכֵנֶ֖יהָ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה לֹֽא־יֵשֵׁ֥ב שָׁם֙ אִ֔ישׁ וְלֹֽא־יָג֥וּר בָּ֖הּ בֶּן־אָדָֽם׃",
"text": "Like-*mahpēkat* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾet*-*sĕdōm* and-*ʾet*-*ʿămōrâ* and-*ʾet*-*šĕkēneyhā*, *nĕʾum*-*YHWH*; not-*yēšēb* there *ʾîš* and-not-*yāgûr* in-her *ben*-*ʾādām*.",
"grammar": {
"*kĕ*": "preposition - like/as",
"*mahpēkat*": "Qal infinitive construct - overthrow/destruction of",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun, functioning as singular - God",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*sĕdōm*": "proper noun - Sodom",
"*wĕ*": "conjunction - and",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ʿămōrâ*": "proper noun - Gomorrah",
"*wĕ*": "conjunction - and",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*šĕkēneyhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her neighbors",
"*nĕʾum*": "masculine singular construct - declaration/utterance of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - personal name of God",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yēšēb*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will dwell/inhabit",
"*šām*": "adverb - there",
"*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man/anyone",
"*wĕ*": "conjunction - and",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yāgûr*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will sojourn/reside temporarily",
"*bāh*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her",
"*ben*": "masculine singular noun, construct - son of",
"*ʾādām*": "masculine singular noun - man/mankind"
},
"variants": {
"*mahpēkat*": "overthrow/destruction/overturning",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/divine being",
"*šĕkēneyhā*": "her neighbors/neighboring towns",
"*nĕʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle",
"*yēšēb*": "will dwell/inhabit/settle",
"*ʾîš*": "man/anyone/person",
"*yāgûr*": "will sojourn/reside temporarily/stay",
"*ben-ʾādām*": "son of man/human being"
}
}
41 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.41",
"source": "הִנֵּ֛ה עַ֥ם בָּ֖א מִצָּפ֑וֹן וְג֤וֹי גָּדוֹל֙ וּמְלָכִ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים יֵעֹ֖רוּ מִיַּרְכְּתֵי־אָֽרֶץ׃",
"text": "Behold, *ʿam* *bāʾ* from-*ṣāpôn*, and-*gôy* *gādôl* and-*mĕlākîm* *rabbîm* *yēʿōrû* from-*yarkĕtê*-*ʾāreṣ*.",
"grammar": {
"*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/look",
"*ʿam*": "masculine singular noun - people/nation",
"*bāʾ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - coming",
"*miṣṣāpôn*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - from the north",
"*wĕ*": "conjunction - and",
"*gôy*": "masculine singular noun - nation",
"*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great/large",
"*û*": "conjunction - and",
"*mĕlākîm*": "masculine plural noun - kings",
"*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - many/numerous",
"*yēʿōrû*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - will be aroused/stirred up",
"*miyyarkĕtê*": "preposition + feminine plural construct - from the remote parts of",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun - earth/land"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿam*": "people/nation/folk",
"*bāʾ*": "coming/approaching",
"*ṣāpôn*": "north/northern region",
"*gôy*": "nation/people/gentiles",
"*gādôl*": "great/large/mighty",
"*mĕlākîm*": "kings/rulers",
"*rabbîm*": "many/numerous/great",
"*yēʿōrû*": "will be aroused/stirred up/awakened",
"*yarkĕtê*": "remote parts/farthest reaches/extremities",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground"
}
}
42 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.42",
"source": "קֶ֣שֶׁת וְכִידֹ֞ן יַחֲזִ֗יקוּ אַכְזָרִ֥י הֵ֙מָּה֙ וְלֹ֣א יְרַחֵ֔מוּ קוֹלָם֙ כַּיָּ֣ם יֶהֱמֶ֔ה וְעַל־סוּסִ֖ים יִרְכָּ֑בוּ עָר֗וּךְ כְּאִישׁ֙ לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה עָלַ֖יִךְ בַּת־בָּבֶֽל׃",
"text": "*qešet* and-*kîdōn* *yaḥăzîqû*, *ʾakzārî* *hēmmâ* and-not *yĕraḥēmû*; *qôlām* like-*hayyām* *yehĕmeh*, and-upon-*sûsîm* *yirkābû*, *ʿārûk* like-*ʾîš* for-*hammilḥāmâ* against-you, *bat*-*bābel*.",
"grammar": {
"*qešet*": "feminine singular noun - bow",
"*wĕ*": "conjunction - and",
"*kîdōn*": "masculine singular noun - javelin/spear",
"*yaḥăzîqû*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will grasp firmly",
"*ʾakzārî*": "adjective, masculine singular - cruel/fierce",
"*hēmmâ*": "3rd masculine plural pronoun - they",
"*wĕ*": "conjunction - and",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yĕraḥēmû*": "Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will show mercy",
"*qôlām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their voice",
"*ka*": "preposition - like/as",
"*hayyām*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the sea",
"*yehĕmeh*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it roars",
"*wĕ*": "conjunction - and",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/on",
"*sûsîm*": "masculine plural noun - horses",
"*yirkābû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will ride",
"*ʿārûk*": "Qal passive participle, masculine singular - arranged/prepared",
"*kĕ*": "preposition - like/as",
"*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man",
"*la*": "preposition - for",
"*hammilḥāmâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the battle/war",
"*ʿālayik*": "preposition with 2nd feminine singular suffix - against you",
"*bat*": "feminine singular noun, construct - daughter of",
"*bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon"
},
"variants": {
"*qešet*": "bow/archer",
"*kîdōn*": "javelin/spear/lance",
"*yaḥăzîqû*": "will grasp firmly/wield/hold",
"*ʾakzārî*": "cruel/fierce/merciless",
"*yĕraḥēmû*": "will show mercy/have compassion",
"*qôlām*": "their voice/sound",
"*yehĕmeh*": "roars/makes noise/is tumultuous",
"*yirkābû*": "will ride/mount",
"*ʿārûk*": "arranged/prepared/drawn up in battle array",
"*bat-bābel*": "daughter of Babylon (personification of Babylon)"
}
}
43 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.43",
"source": "שָׁמַ֧ע מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֛ל אֶת־שִׁמְעָ֖ם וְרָפ֣וּ יָדָ֑יו צָרָה֙ הֶחֱזִיקַ֔תְהוּ חִ֖יל כַּיּוֹלֵדָֽה׃",
"text": "*šāmaʿ* *melek*-*bābel* *ʾet*-*šimʿām* and-*rāpû* *yādāyw*; *ṣārâ* *heḥĕzîqatĕhû*, *ḥîl* like-*hayyôlēdâ*.",
"grammar": {
"*šāmaʿ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has heard",
"*melek*": "masculine singular noun, construct - king of",
"*bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*šimʿām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - report of them",
"*wĕ*": "conjunction - and",
"*rāpû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd plural - they have become weak",
"*yādāyw*": "feminine dual noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hands",
"*ṣārâ*": "feminine singular noun - distress/anguish",
"*heḥĕzîqatĕhû*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - it has seized him",
"*ḥîl*": "masculine singular noun - pain/writhing",
"*ka*": "preposition - like/as",
"*hayyôlēdâ*": "definite article + Qal participle, feminine singular - the woman giving birth"
},
"variants": {
"*šāmaʿ*": "heard/listened to",
"*šimʿām*": "report of them/news about them/rumor of them",
"*rāpû*": "become weak/feeble/hang down",
"*yādāyw*": "his hands (symbol of strength)",
"*ṣārâ*": "distress/anguish/trouble",
"*heḥĕzîqatĕhû*": "seized him/took hold of him/grasped him",
"*ḥîl*": "pain/writhing/trembling",
"*hayyôlēdâ*": "woman giving birth/woman in labor"
}
}
44 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.44",
"source": "הִ֠נֵּה כְּאַרְיֵ֞ה יַעֲלֶ֨ה מִגְּא֣וֹן הַיַּרְדֵּן֮ אֶל־נְוֵ֣ה אֵיתָן֒ כִּֽי־אַרְגִּ֤עָה *ארוצם **אֲרִיצֵם֙ מֵֽעָלֶ֔יהָ וּמִ֥י בָח֖וּר אֵלֶ֣יהָ אֶפְקֹ֑ד כִּ֣י מִ֤י כָמ֙וֹנִי֙ וּמִ֣י יוֹעִדֶ֔נִּי וּמִֽי־זֶ֣ה רֹעֶ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַעֲמֹ֖ד לְפָנָֽי׃",
"text": "Behold, like-*ʾaryēh* *yaʿăleh* from-*gĕʾôn* *hayyardēn* unto-*nĕwēh* *ʾêtān*, for-*ʾargîʿâ* *ʾărîṣēm* from-upon-her, and-who [is] *bāḥûr* to-her *ʾepqōd*; for who [is] like-me, and-who *yôʿidenî*, and-who-[is]-this *rōʿeh* who *yaʿămōd* before-me?",
"grammar": {
"*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/look",
"*kĕ*": "preposition - like/as",
"*ʾaryēh*": "masculine singular noun - lion",
"*yaʿăleh*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will come up",
"*migĕʾôn*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - from the pride/thicket of",
"*hayyardēn*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jordan",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to/unto",
"*nĕwēh*": "masculine singular noun, construct - habitation of",
"*ʾêtān*": "adjective, masculine singular - strong/perennial",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*ʾargîʿâ*": "Hiphil imperfect, 1st singular cohortative - I will suddenly make them run",
"*ʾărîṣēm*": "Hiphil imperfect, 1st singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - I will cause them to run",
"*mēʿāleyhā*": "preposition + preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - from upon her",
"*û*": "conjunction - and",
"*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who?",
"*bāḥûr*": "Qal passive participle, masculine singular - chosen (one)",
"*ʾēleyhā*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - to/against her",
"*ʾepqōd*": "Qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will appoint",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who?",
"*kāmônî*": "preposition with 1st singular suffix - like me",
"*û*": "conjunction - and",
"*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who?",
"*yôʿidenî*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - will summon me",
"*û*": "conjunction - and",
"*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who?",
"*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun - this",
"*rōʿeh*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - shepherd",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/which",
"*yaʿămōd*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will stand",
"*lĕpānāy*": "preposition + masculine plural noun with 1st singular suffix - before me"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾaryēh*": "lion",
"*yaʿăleh*": "will come up/ascend/rise",
"*gĕʾôn*": "pride/majesty/thicket/swelling",
"*nĕwēh*": "habitation/pasture/dwelling place",
"*ʾêtān*": "strong/enduring/perennial/ever-flowing",
"*ʾargîʿâ*": "suddenly make them run/cause to flee quickly",
"*ʾărîṣēm*": "cause them to run/drive them away/chase them",
"*bāḥûr*": "chosen (one)/young man/choice one",
"*ʾepqōd*": "appoint/set over/assign",
"*yôʿidenî*": "will summon me/appoint me/call me to account",
"*rōʿeh*": "shepherd/pastor/ruler"
}
}
45 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.45",
"source": "לָכֵ֞ן שִׁמְע֣וּ עֲצַת־יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר יָעַץ֙ אֶל־בָּבֶ֔ל וּמַ֨חְשְׁבוֹתָ֔יו אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָשַׁ֖ב אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ כַּשְׂדִּ֑ים אִם־לֹ֤א יִסְחָבוּם֙ צְעִירֵ֣י הַצֹּ֔אן אִם־לֹ֥א יַשִּׁ֛ים עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם נָוֶֽה׃",
"text": "Therefore *šimʿû* *ʿăṣat*-*YHWH* which *yāʿaṣ* against-*bābel* and-*maḥšĕbôtāyw* which *ḥāšab* against-*ʾereṣ* *kaśdîm*: *ʾim*-not *yisḥābûm* *ṣĕʿîrê* *haṣṣōʾn*, *ʾim*-not *yaššîm* upon-them *nāweh*.",
"grammar": {
"*lākēn*": "adverb - therefore/thus",
"*šimʿû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - hear/listen",
"*ʿăṣat*": "feminine singular noun, construct - counsel/plan of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - personal name of God",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*yāʿaṣ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has purposed/planned",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - against/concerning",
"*bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*û*": "conjunction - and",
"*maḥšĕbôtāyw*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his thoughts/plans",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*ḥāšab*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has devised",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - against/concerning",
"*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular noun, construct - land of",
"*kaśdîm*": "proper noun, plural - Chaldeans",
"*ʾim*": "conditional particle - if",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yisḥābûm*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - they will drag them away",
"*ṣĕʿîrê*": "adjective, masculine plural construct - little ones of",
"*haṣṣōʾn*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the flock",
"*ʾim*": "conditional particle - if",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yaššîm*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will make desolate",
"*ʿălêhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - upon them",
"*nāweh*": "masculine singular noun - habitation/pasture"
},
"variants": {
"*šimʿû*": "hear/listen/heed",
"*ʿăṣat*": "counsel/plan/purpose",
"*yāʿaṣ*": "purposed/planned/devised",
"*maḥšĕbôtāyw*": "his thoughts/plans/intentions",
"*ḥāšab*": "devised/planned/purposed",
"*kaśdîm*": "Chaldeans (people of Babylonia)",
"*yisḥābûm*": "will drag them away/pull them/draw them",
"*ṣĕʿîrê*": "little ones/young/least of",
"*haṣṣōʾn*": "the flock/sheep (metaphor for weak ones)",
"*yaššîm*": "make desolate/devastate/lay waste",
"*nāweh*": "habitation/pasture/dwelling place"
}
}
46 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.46",
"source": "מִקּוֹל֙ נִתְפְּשָׂ֣ה בָבֶ֔ל נִרְעֲשָׁ֖ה הָאָ֑רֶץ וּזְעָקָ֖ה בַּגּוֹיִ֥ם נִשְׁמָֽע׃ ס",
"text": "From-*qôl* *nitpĕśâ* *bābel* *nirʿăšâ* *hāʾāreṣ*, and-*zĕʿāqâ* among-*haggôyim* *nišmāʿ*.",
"grammar": {
"*miqôl*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - from the sound/noise of",
"*nitpĕśâ*": "Niphal infinitive construct - being captured",
"*bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*nirʿăšâ*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - it has quaked/trembled",
"*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the earth/land",
"*û*": "conjunction - and",
"*zĕʿāqâ*": "feminine singular noun - outcry/cry",
"*baggôyim*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - among the nations",
"*nišmāʿ*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it is heard"
},
"variants": {
"*qôl*": "sound/noise/voice",
"*nitpĕśâ*": "being captured/seized/taken",
"*nirʿăšâ*": "has quaked/trembled/shaken",
"*hāʾāreṣ*": "the earth/land/ground",
"*zĕʿāqâ*": "outcry/cry/shriek",
"*haggôyim*": "the nations/peoples/gentiles",
"*nišmāʿ*": "is heard/has been heard"
}
}
1 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.1",
"source": "כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הִנְנִי֙ מֵעִ֣יר עַל־בָּבֶ֔ל וְאֶל־יֹשְׁבֵ֖י לֵ֣ב קָמָ֑י ר֖וּחַ מַשְׁחִֽית׃",
"text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH*, *hinnî* *mēʿîr* against-*Bāvel* and-against-*yōšvê* *lēv qāmāy* *rûaḥ mašḥît*.",
"grammar": {
"*kōh*": "adverb - thus/so",
"*ʾāmar*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said/declared",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*hinnî*": "interjection with 1st person suffix - behold me/I am",
"*mēʿîr*": "hiphil participle masculine singular - causing to awake/arousing/stirring up",
"*Bāvel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*yōšvê*": "qal participle masculine plural construct - dwellers of/inhabitants of",
"*lēv qāmāy*": "construct phrase, possibly code name for Chaldea (atbash cipher for Kasdim)",
"*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular noun - wind/spirit/breath",
"*mašḥît*": "hiphil participle masculine singular - destroying/destructive"
},
"variants": {
"*mēʿîr*": "arousing/stirring up/awakening",
"*lēv qāmāy*": "heart of those who rise against me/Chaldea (cryptic name using atbash cipher)/midst of my adversaries",
"*rûaḥ mašḥît*": "destroying wind/destructive spirit"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.2",
"source": "וְשִׁלַּחְתִּ֨י לְבָבֶ֤ל ׀ זָרִים֙ וְזֵר֔וּהָ וִיבֹקְק֖וּ אֶת־אַרְצָ֑הּ כִּֽי־הָי֥וּ עָלֶ֛יהָ מִסָּבִ֖יב בְּי֥וֹם רָעָֽה׃",
"text": "And-*šillaḥtî* to-*Bāvel* *zārîm* and-*zērûhā* and-*yevōqqû* *ʾet*-land-her, because-*hāyû* against-her from-*sāvîv* in-*yôm rāʿāh*.",
"grammar": {
"*šillaḥtî*": "piel perfect, 1st person singular - I will send",
"*Bāvel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*zārîm*": "masculine plural noun - strangers/foreigners",
"*zērûhā*": "piel perfect, 3rd plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - they will winnow/scatter her",
"*yevōqqû*": "piel imperfect, 3rd plural - they will empty/make void",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*hāyû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they will be",
"*sāvîv*": "adverb - around/surrounding",
"*yôm*": "masculine singular noun - day",
"*rāʿāh*": "feminine singular noun - evil/calamity/distress"
},
"variants": {
"*zārîm*": "strangers/foreigners/winnowers",
"*zērûhā*": "winnow her/fan her/scatter her",
"*yevōqqû*": "empty/make void/lay waste to",
"*sāvîv*": "surrounding/from all sides/round about",
"*yôm rāʿāh*": "day of evil/day of calamity/day of distress"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.3",
"source": "אֶֽל־יִדְרֹ֤ךְ *ידרך הַדֹּרֵךְ֙ קַשְׁתּ֔וֹ וְאֶל־יִתְעַ֖ל בְּסִרְיֹנּ֑וֹ וְאַֽל־תַּחְמְלוּ֙ אֶל־בַּ֣חֻרֶ֔יהָ הַחֲרִ֖ימוּ כָּל־צְבָאָֽהּ׃",
"text": "Against-*yidrōḵ* *haddōrēḵ* *qaštô* and-against-*yitʿal* in-*siryōnô* and-not-*taḥmĕlû* against-*baḥûreyhā*; *haḥărîmû* all-*ṣĕvāʾāh*.",
"grammar": {
"*yidrōḵ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will tread/bend",
"*haddōrēḵ*": "qal participle with definite article - the one treading/bending",
"*qaštô*": "noun feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his bow",
"*yitʿal*": "hitpael imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will raise himself/exalt himself",
"*siryōnô*": "noun masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his coat of mail/armor",
"*taḥmĕlû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall spare/have compassion",
"*baḥûreyhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her young men",
"*haḥărîmû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural - destroy completely/devote to destruction",
"*ṣĕvāʾāh*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her army/host"
},
"variants": {
"*yidrōḵ*": "let him tread/let him bend/let him not tread (with negative)",
"*yitʿal*": "let him lift himself up/let him not exalt himself (with negative)",
"*siryōnô*": "his coat of mail/his armor/his brigandine",
"*haḥărîmû*": "devote to destruction/utterly destroy/put under the ban"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.4",
"source": "וְנָפְל֥וּ חֲלָלִ֖ים בְּאֶ֣רֶץ כַּשְׂדִּ֑ים וּמְדֻקָּרִ֖ים בְּחוּצוֹתֶֽיהָ׃",
"text": "And-*nāp̄lû* *ḥălālîm* in-*ʾereṣ Kaśdîm* and-*mĕduqqārîm* in-*ḥûṣôtêhā*.",
"grammar": {
"*nāp̄lû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they will fall",
"*ḥălālîm*": "masculine plural noun - slain/wounded/pierced",
"*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular noun construct - land of",
"*Kaśdîm*": "proper noun - Chaldeans",
"*mĕduqqārîm*": "pual participle masculine plural - thrust through/pierced",
"*ḥûṣôtêhā*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her streets"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥălālîm*": "slain/wounded/those who were pierced",
"*mĕduqqārîm*": "thrust through/pierced/stabbed to death"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.5",
"source": "כִּ֠י לֹֽא־אַלְמָ֨ן יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל וִֽיהוּדָה֙ מֵֽאֱלֹהָ֔יו מֵֽיְהוָ֖ה צְבָא֑וֹת כִּ֤י אַרְצָם֙ מָלְאָ֣ה אָשָׁ֔ם מִקְּד֖וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃",
"text": "For not-*ʾalmān* *Yiśrāʾēl* and-*Yĕhûdāh* from-*ʾĕlōhāyw* from-*YHWH ṣĕvāʾôt*; for *ʾarṣām* *mālĕʾāh* *ʾāšām* from-*qĕdôš Yiśrāʾēl*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾalmān*": "masculine singular noun - widowed/forsaken",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*Yĕhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah",
"*ʾĕlōhāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his God",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*ṣĕvāʾôt*": "masculine plural noun - hosts/armies",
"*ʾarṣām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their land",
"*mālĕʾāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - was filled",
"*ʾāšām*": "masculine singular noun - guilt/trespass",
"*qĕdôš*": "masculine singular adjective construct - Holy One of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾalmān*": "widowed/forsaken/abandoned",
"*ṣĕvāʾôt*": "hosts/armies/of hosts",
"*ʾāšām*": "guilt/trespass/violation"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.6",
"source": "נֻ֣סוּ ׀ מִתּ֣וֹךְ בָּבֶ֗ל וּמַלְּטוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ נַפְשׁ֔וֹ אַל־תִּדַּ֖מּוּ בַּעֲוֺנָ֑הּ כִּי֩ עֵ֨ת נְקָמָ֥ה הִיא֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה גְּמ֕וּל ה֥וּא מְשַׁלֵּ֖ם לָֽהּ׃",
"text": "*Nusû* from-midst *Bāvel* and-*mallĕṭû* *ʾîš* *nap̄šô*, not-*tiddammû* in-*ʿăwōnāh*, for *ʿēt nĕqāmāh* *hîʾ* to-*YHWH*, *gĕmûl* *hûʾ* *mĕšallēm* to-her.",
"grammar": {
"*Nusû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - flee",
"*Bāvel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*mallĕṭû*": "piel imperative, masculine plural - save/deliver",
"*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - each man/each one",
"*nap̄šô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his soul/life",
"*tiddammû*": "niphal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - be cut off/be silenced/be destroyed",
"*ʿăwōnāh*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her iniquity",
"*ʿēt*": "feminine singular noun construct - time of",
"*nĕqāmāh*": "feminine singular noun - vengeance",
"*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular pronoun - it (is)",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*gĕmûl*": "masculine singular noun - recompense/retribution",
"*hûʾ*": "3rd masculine singular pronoun - he",
"*mĕšallēm*": "piel participle masculine singular - repaying/requiting"
},
"variants": {
"*mallĕṭû*": "deliver/save/rescue",
"*tiddammû*": "be cut off/be destroyed/be silenced",
"*ʿăwōnāh*": "her iniquity/her punishment/her guilt",
"*gĕmûl*": "recompense/retribution/reward"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.7",
"source": "כּוֹס־זָהָ֤ב בָּבֶל֙ בְּיַד־יְהוָ֔ה מְשַׁכֶּ֖רֶת כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ מִיֵּינָהּ֙ שָׁת֣וּ גוֹיִ֔ם עַל־כֵּ֖ן יִתְהֹלְל֥וּ גוֹיִֽם׃",
"text": "*Kôs*-*zāhāv* *Bāvel* in-hand-*YHWH*, *mĕšakkeretĕtĕret* all-the-*ʾāreṣ*; from-*yêynāh* *šātû* *gôyim*, upon-thus *yithōlĕlû* *gôyim*.",
"grammar": {
"*Kôs*": "feminine singular noun construct - cup of",
"*zāhāv*": "masculine singular noun - gold",
"*Bāvel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*mĕšakkeretĕtĕret*": "piel participle feminine singular - making drunk",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the earth/land",
"*yêynāh*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her wine",
"*šātû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they drank",
"*gôyim*": "masculine plural noun - nations",
"*yithōlĕlû*": "hithpoel imperfect, 3rd plural - they act madly/they are mad"
},
"variants": {
"*mĕšakkeretĕtĕret*": "making drunk/intoxicating",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/world",
"*gôyim*": "nations/gentiles/peoples",
"*yithōlĕlû*": "act madly/go insane/become mad"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.8",
"source": "פִּתְאֹ֛ם נָפְלָ֥ה בָבֶ֖ל וַתִּשָּׁבֵ֑ר הֵילִ֣ילוּ עָלֶ֗יהָ קְח֤וּ צֳרִי֙ לְמַכְאוֹבָ֔הּ אוּלַ֖י תֵּרָפֵֽא׃",
"text": "*Pitʾōm* *nāp̄lāh* *Bāvel* and-*tiššāvēr*. *Hêylîlû* over-her, *qĕḥû* *ṣŏrî* for-*maḵʾôvāh*, perhaps *tērāp̄ēʾ*.",
"grammar": {
"*Pitʾōm*": "adverb - suddenly",
"*nāp̄lāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she has fallen",
"*Bāvel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*tiššāvēr*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular with waw consecutive - and she is broken",
"*Hêylîlû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural - wail/howl",
"*qĕḥû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - take",
"*ṣŏrî*": "masculine singular noun - balm",
"*maḵʾôvāh*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her pain",
"*tērāp̄ēʾ*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she may be healed"
},
"variants": {
"*Pitʾōm*": "suddenly/unexpectedly",
"*tiššāvēr*": "is broken/is shattered/is destroyed",
"*Hêylîlû*": "wail/howl/lament",
"*ṣŏrî*": "balm/balsam/medicinal resin",
"*maḵʾôvāh*": "her pain/her wound/her sorrow",
"*tērāp̄ēʾ*": "she may be healed/she may be cured/she may recover"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.9",
"source": "*רפאנו **רִפִּ֣ינוּ אֶת־בָּבֶל֙ וְלֹ֣א נִרְפָּ֔תָה עִזְב֕וּהָ וְנֵלֵ֖ךְ אִ֣ישׁ לְאַרְצ֑וֹ כִּֽי־נָגַ֤ע אֶל־הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ מִשְׁפָּטָ֔הּ וְנִשָּׂ֖א עַד־שְׁחָקִֽים׃",
"text": "*Ripînû* *ʾet*-*Bāvel* and-not *nirpātāh*; *ʿizvûhā* and-*nēlēḵ* *ʾîš* to-*ʾarṣô*, for-*nāgaʿ* to-the-*šāmayim* *mišpāṭāh* and-*niśśāʾ* until-*šĕḥāqîm*.",
"grammar": {
"*Ripînû*": "piel perfect, 1st plural - we have healed",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*Bāvel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*nirpātāh*": "niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she was healed",
"*ʿizvûhā*": "qal imperative, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - forsake her",
"*nēlēḵ*": "qal imperfect, 1st plural cohortative - let us go",
"*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - each one/each man",
"*ʾarṣô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his land",
"*nāgaʿ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has reached",
"*šāmayim*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the heavens",
"*mišpāṭāh*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her judgment",
"*niśśāʾ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - is lifted up",
"*šĕḥāqîm*": "masculine plural noun - clouds/skies"
},
"variants": {
"*Ripînû*": "we healed/we tried to heal/we would have healed",
"*nirpātāh*": "she was healed/she recovered/she was cured",
"*ʿizvûhā*": "forsake her/abandon her/leave her",
"*mišpāṭāh*": "her judgment/her punishment/her case",
"*šĕḥāqîm*": "clouds/skies/highest heavens"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.10",
"source": "הוֹצִ֥יא יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־צִדְקֹתֵ֑ינוּ בֹּ֚אוּ וּנְסַפְּרָ֣ה בְצִיּ֔וֹן אֶֽת־מַעֲשֵׂ֖ה יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃",
"text": "*Hôṣîʾ* *YHWH* *ʾet*-*ṣidqōtênû*; *bōʾû* and-*nĕsappĕrāh* in-*Ṣiyyôn* *ʾet*-*maʿăśēh* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhênû*.",
"grammar": {
"*Hôṣîʾ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has brought out",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ṣidqōtênû*": "feminine plural noun with 1st plural suffix - our righteousnesses",
"*bōʾû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - come",
"*nĕsappĕrāh*": "piel imperfect, 1st plural cohortative - let us declare",
"*Ṣiyyôn*": "proper noun - Zion",
"*maʿăśēh*": "masculine singular construct - work of/deed of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*ʾĕlōhênû*": "masculine plural noun with 1st plural suffix - our God"
},
"variants": {
"*Hôṣîʾ*": "brought out/brought forth/revealed",
"*ṣidqōtênû*": "our righteousnesses/our vindication/our just cause",
"*nĕsappĕrāh*": "let us declare/let us tell/let us recount"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.11",
"source": "הָבֵ֣רוּ הַחִצִּים֮ מִלְא֣וּ הַשְּׁלָטִים֒ הֵעִ֣יר יְהוָ֗ה אֶת־ר֙וּחַ֙ מַלְכֵ֣י מָדַ֔י כִּֽי־עַל־בָּבֶ֥ל מְזִמָּת֖וֹ לְהַשְׁחִיתָ֑הּ כִּֽי־נִקְמַ֤ת יְהוָה֙ הִ֔יא נִקְמַ֖ת הֵיכָלֽוֹ׃",
"text": "*Hāvērû* the-*ḥiṣṣîm*, *milʾû* the-*šĕlāṭîm*. *Hēʿîr* *YHWH* *ʾet*-*rûaḥ* *malḵê Māday*, for-against-*Bāvel* *mĕzimmātô* to-destroy-her, for-*niqmat* *YHWH* *hîʾ*, *niqmat* *hêḵālô*.",
"grammar": {
"*Hāvērû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural - sharpen/polish",
"*ḥiṣṣîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the arrows",
"*milʾû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - fill",
"*šĕlāṭîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the shields/quivers",
"*Hēʿîr*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has stirred up",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular construct - spirit of",
"*malḵê*": "masculine plural noun construct - kings of",
"*Māday*": "proper noun - Media/Medes",
"*Bāvel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*mĕzimmātô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his purpose/device",
"*niqmat*": "feminine singular construct - vengeance of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular pronoun - it (is)",
"*niqmat*": "feminine singular construct - vengeance of",
"*hêḵālô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his temple"
},
"variants": {
"*Hāvērû*": "sharpen/polish/make bright",
"*šĕlāṭîm*": "shields/quivers",
"*Hēʿîr*": "stirred up/aroused/awakened",
"*mĕzimmātô*": "his device/his purpose/his plan",
"*niqmat*": "vengeance of/retribution of/revenge of"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.12",
"source": "אֶל־חוֹמֹ֨ת בָּבֶ֜ל שְׂאוּ־נֵ֗ס הַחֲזִ֙יקוּ֙ הַמִּשְׁמָ֔ר הָקִ֙ימוּ֙ שֹֽׁמְרִ֔ים הָכִ֖ינוּ הָאֹֽרְבִ֑ים כִּ֚י גַּם־זָמַ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה גַּם־עָשָׂ֕ה אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֖ר אֶל־יֹשְׁבֵ֥י בָבֶֽל׃",
"text": "Against-*ḥômōt* *Bāvel* *śĕʾû*-*nēs*, *haḥăzîqû* the-*mišmār*, *hāqîmû* *šōmĕrîm*, *hāḵînû* the-*ʾōrĕbîm*, for also-*zāmam* *YHWH*, also-*ʿāśāh* *ʾēt* which-*dibbēr* against-*yōšvê* *Bāvel*.",
"grammar": {
"*ḥômōt*": "feminine plural construct - walls of",
"*Bāvel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*śĕʾû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - lift up/raise",
"*nēs*": "masculine singular noun - standard/banner",
"*haḥăzîqû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural - strengthen",
"*mišmār*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the watch/guard",
"*hāqîmû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural - set up/establish",
"*šōmĕrîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - watchmen",
"*hāḵînû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural - prepare",
"*ʾōrĕbîm*": "qal participle masculine plural with definite article - the ambushers/liers in wait",
"*zāmam*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has devised/planned",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*ʿāśāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has done",
"*dibbēr*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he spoke",
"*yōšvê*": "qal participle masculine plural construct - inhabitants of",
"*Bāvel*": "proper noun - Babylon"
},
"variants": {
"*nēs*": "standard/banner/signal",
"*haḥăzîqû*": "strengthen/make strong/reinforce",
"*mišmār*": "watch/guard/sentinel",
"*hāqîmû*": "set up/establish/appoint",
"*ʾōrĕbîm*": "ambushers/liers in wait/those who lie in ambush",
"*zāmam*": "devised/planned/purposed"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.13",
"source": "*שכנתי **שֹׁכַנְתְּ֙ עַל־מַ֣יִם רַבִּ֔ים רַבַּ֖ת אֽוֹצָרֹ֑ת בָּ֥א קִצֵּ֖ךְ אַמַּ֥ת בִּצְעֵֽךְ׃",
"text": "*Šōḵant* upon-*mayim rabbîm*, abundant-*ʾôṣārōt*, *bāʾ* *qiṣṣēḵ* *ʾammat biṣʿēḵ*.",
"grammar": {
"*Šōḵant*": "qal participle feminine singular - dwelling/inhabiting",
"*mayim*": "masculine plural noun - waters",
"*rabbîm*": "masculine plural adjective - many/great",
"*rabbat*": "feminine singular adjective construct - abundant in",
"*ʾôṣārōt*": "masculine plural noun - treasures",
"*bāʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has come",
"*qiṣṣēḵ*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your end",
"*ʾammat*": "feminine singular construct - measure of",
"*biṣʿēḵ*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your unjust gain"
},
"variants": {
"*Šōḵant*": "you who dwell/you who inhabit/dwelling one (feminine)",
"*mayim rabbîm*": "many waters/great waters/abundant waters",
"*rabbat ʾôṣārōt*": "abundant in treasures/rich in wealth/full of riches",
"*ʾammat biṣʿēḵ*": "measure of your gain/cubit of your profit/limit of your covetousness"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.14",
"source": "נִשְׁבַּ֛ע יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת בְּנַפְשׁ֑וֹ כִּ֣י אִם־מִלֵּאתִ֤יךְ אָדָם֙ כַּיֶּ֔לֶק וְעָנ֥וּ עָלַ֖יִךְ הֵידָֽד׃ ס",
"text": "*Nišbaʿ* *YHWH* *ṣĕvāʾôt* by-*nap̄šô*, surely *millēʾtîḵ* *ʾādām* like-the-*yeleq* and-*ʿānû* against-you *hêdād*.",
"grammar": {
"*Nišbaʿ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has sworn",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*ṣĕvāʾôt*": "masculine plural noun - hosts/armies",
"*nap̄šô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his soul/self",
"*millēʾtîḵ*": "piel perfect, 1st singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - I will fill you",
"*ʾādām*": "masculine singular noun - men/mankind",
"*yeleq*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the young locust/caterpillar",
"*ʿānû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they will answer/raise a shout",
"*hêdād*": "masculine singular noun - shouting/shout of joy (at grape harvest)"
},
"variants": {
"*Nišbaʿ*": "has sworn/has taken an oath",
"*ṣĕvāʾôt*": "hosts/armies/of hosts",
"*nap̄šô*": "his soul/his life/himself",
"*millēʾtîḵ*": "I will fill you/I have filled you",
"*yeleq*": "young locust/caterpillar/cankerworm",
"*ʿānû*": "they will raise a shout/they will lift up a song/they will answer",
"*hêdād*": "shout/vintage-shout/joyful cry"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.15",
"source": "עֹשֵׂ֥ה אֶ֙רֶץ֙ בְּכֹח֔וֹ מֵכִ֥ין תֵּבֵ֖ל בְּחָכְמָת֑וֹ וּבִתְבוּנָת֖וֹ נָטָ֥ה שָׁמָֽיִם׃",
"text": "*ʿōśēh* *ʾereṣ* in-*kōḥô*, *mēḵîn* *tēvēl* in-*ḥoḵmātô*, and-in-*tĕvûnātô* *nāṭāh* *šāmāyim*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʿōśēh*": "qal participle masculine singular - maker of/making",
"*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular noun - earth/land",
"*kōḥô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his power",
"*mēḵîn*": "hiphil participle masculine singular - establisher of/establishing",
"*tēvēl*": "feminine singular noun - world",
"*ḥoḵmātô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wisdom",
"*tĕvûnātô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his understanding",
"*nāṭāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - stretched out",
"*šāmāyim*": "masculine plural noun - heavens"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿōśēh*": "maker of/who made/creator of",
"*mēḵîn*": "establisher of/who established/preparer of",
"*tēvēl*": "world/inhabited earth",
"*nāṭāh*": "stretched out/extended/spread out"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.16",
"source": "לְק֨וֹל תִּתּ֜וֹ הֲמ֥וֹן מַ֙יִם֙ בַּשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַיַּ֥עַל נְשִׂאִ֖ים מִקְצֵה־אָ֑רֶץ בְּרָקִ֤ים לַמָּטָר֙ עָשָׂ֔ה וַיֹּ֥צֵא ר֖וּחַ מֵאֹצְרֹתָֽיו׃",
"text": "At-*qôl* giving-him *hămôn* *mayim* in-the-*šāmayim*, and-*yaʿal* *nĕśiʾîm* from-*qĕṣēh*-*ʾāreṣ*; *bĕrāqîm* for-the-*māṭār* *ʿāśāh* and-*yōṣēʾ* *rûaḥ* from-*ʾōṣĕrōtāyw*.",
"grammar": {
"*qôl*": "masculine singular construct - voice of/sound of",
"*tittô*": "qal infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his giving",
"*hămôn*": "masculine singular noun - tumult/abundance",
"*mayim*": "masculine plural noun - waters",
"*šāmayim*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the heavens",
"*yaʿal*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - he brings up",
"*nĕśiʾîm*": "masculine plural noun - clouds/vapors",
"*qĕṣēh*": "masculine singular construct - end of",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun - earth/land",
"*bĕrāqîm*": "masculine plural noun - lightnings",
"*māṭār*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the rain",
"*ʿāśāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he makes",
"*yōṣēʾ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - he brings out",
"*rûaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - wind/spirit",
"*ʾōṣĕrōtāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his storehouses"
},
"variants": {
"*hămôn*": "tumult/abundance/multitude",
"*nĕśiʾîm*": "clouds/vapors/mists",
"*bĕrāqîm*": "lightnings/flashes of lightning",
"*rûaḥ*": "wind/spirit/breath"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.17",
"source": "נִבְעַ֤ר כָּל־אָדָם֙ מִדַּ֔עַת הֹבִ֥ישׁ כָּל־צֹרֵ֖ף מִפָּ֑סֶל כִּ֛י שֶׁ֥קֶר נִסְכּ֖וֹ וְלֹא־ר֥וּחַ בָּֽם׃",
"text": "*Nivʿar* every-*ʾādām* from-*daʿat*, *hōvîš* every-*ṣōrēp̄* from-*pāsel*, for *šeqer* *niskô* and-no-*rûaḥ* in-them.",
"grammar": {
"*Nivʿar*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - is brutish/stupid",
"*ʾādām*": "masculine singular noun - man/mankind",
"*daʿat*": "feminine singular noun - knowledge",
"*hōvîš*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - is put to shame",
"*ṣōrēp̄*": "qal participle masculine singular - goldsmith/refiner",
"*pāsel*": "masculine singular noun - graven image/idol",
"*šeqer*": "masculine singular noun - falsehood/lie",
"*niskô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his molten image",
"*rûaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - breath/spirit"
},
"variants": {
"*Nivʿar*": "is brutish/is stupid/is like a beast",
"*daʿat*": "knowledge/understanding/perception",
"*hōvîš*": "is put to shame/is confounded/is disgraced",
"*ṣōrēp̄*": "goldsmith/refiner/smelter",
"*niskô*": "his molten image/his cast idol",
"*rûaḥ*": "breath/spirit/life"
}
}
18 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.18",
"source": "הֶ֣בֶל הֵ֔מָּה מַעֲשֵׂ֖ה תַּעְתֻּעִ֑ים בְּעֵ֥ת פְּקֻדָּתָ֖ם יֹאבֵֽדוּ׃",
"text": "*hebel* they, *ma'aseh ta'tu'im*; in *'et pequddatam* they shall *'abad*.",
"grammar": {
"*hebel*": "noun, masculine singular construct - vanity/emptiness/breath",
"*hemmah*": "pronoun, 3rd person masculine plural - they",
"*ma'aseh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - work/deed/action",
"*ta'tu'im*": "noun, masculine plural - mockery/delusion/error",
"*be'et*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - in time of",
"*pequddatam*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their visitation/punishment",
"*yo'bedu*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will perish/be destroyed"
},
"variants": {
"*hebel*": "vanity/emptiness/worthlessness/vapor/breath",
"*ma'aseh ta'tu'im*": "work of delusions/work of mockery/product of errors",
"*pequddatam*": "their visitation/their punishment/time of their accounting",
"*'abad*": "perish/be destroyed/be lost/vanish"
}
}
19 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.19",
"source": "לֹֽא־כְאֵ֜לֶּה חֵ֣לֶק יַעֲק֗וֹב כִּֽי־יוֹצֵ֤ר הַכֹּל֙ ה֔וּא וְשֵׁ֖בֶט נַחֲלָת֑וֹ יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁמֽוֹ׃ ס",
"text": "Not like these *cheleq Ya'aqob*, for *yotser* of *ha-kol* *hu'*, and *shebet nachalato*; *YHWH tseba'ot* *shemo*.",
"grammar": {
"*lo'-ke'elleh*": "negative particle + preposition + demonstrative pronoun - not like these",
"*cheleq*": "noun, masculine singular construct - portion/share",
"*Ya'aqob*": "proper noun - Jacob",
"*ki*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*yotser*": "participle, Qal active, masculine singular - former/creator",
"*ha-kol*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the all/everything",
"*hu'*": "pronoun, 3rd person masculine singular - he",
"*we-shebet*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and tribe/rod",
"*nachalato*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his inheritance",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - Divine Name",
"*tseba'ot*": "noun, feminine plural - hosts/armies",
"*shemo*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his name"
},
"variants": {
"*cheleq*": "portion/share/inheritance/lot",
"*yotser*": "former/creator/maker/potter",
"*shebet*": "tribe/rod/scepter/staff",
"*nachalato*": "his inheritance/his possession/his property",
"*tseba'ot*": "hosts/armies/multitudes"
}
}
20 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.20",
"source": "מַפֵּץ־אַתָּ֣ה לִ֔י כְּלֵ֖י מִלְחָמָ֑ה וְנִפַּצְתִּ֤י בְךָ֙ גּוֹיִ֔ם וְהִשְׁחַתִּ֥י בְךָ֖ מַמְלָכֽוֹת׃",
"text": "*mappets* you to me, *keli milchamah*; and I shall *nippats* by you *goyim*, and I shall *shachat* by you *mamlakot*.",
"grammar": {
"*mappets*": "noun, masculine singular construct - hammer/club/battle-axe",
"*'attah*": "pronoun, 2nd person masculine singular - you",
"*li*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - to/for me",
"*keli*": "noun, masculine singular construct - instrument/weapon/tool",
"*milchamah*": "noun, feminine singular - war/battle",
"*we-nippatseti*": "conjunction + verb, Piel perfect, 1st person singular - and I will shatter/dash to pieces",
"*beka*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - by/with you",
"*goyim*": "noun, masculine plural - nations/peoples",
"*we-hishchati*": "conjunction + verb, Hiphil perfect, 1st person singular - and I will destroy/ruin",
"*mamlakot*": "noun, feminine plural - kingdoms"
},
"variants": {
"*mappets*": "hammer/battle-axe/war club/shatterer",
"*keli milchamah*": "instruments of war/weapons of battle",
"*nippats*": "shatter/dash to pieces/break in pieces",
"*goyim*": "nations/peoples/gentiles",
"*shachat*": "destroy/ruin/corrupt",
"*mamlakot*": "kingdoms/realms/dominions"
}
}
21 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.21",
"source": "וְנִפַּצְתִּ֣י בְךָ֔ ס֖וּס וְרֹֽכְב֑וֹ וְנִפַּצְתִּ֣י בְךָ֔ רֶ֖כֶב וְרֹכְבֽוֹ׃",
"text": "And I shall *nippats* by you *sus we-rokebo*; and I shall *nippats* by you *rekeb we-rokebo*.",
"grammar": {
"*we-nippatseti*": "conjunction + verb, Piel perfect, 1st person singular - and I will shatter/dash to pieces",
"*beka*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - by/with you",
"*sus*": "noun, masculine singular - horse",
"*we-rokebo*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and its rider",
"*rekeb*": "noun, masculine singular - chariot",
"*we-rokebo*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and its rider/driver"
},
"variants": {
"*nippats*": "shatter/dash to pieces/break in pieces",
"*sus*": "horse",
"*rokeb*": "rider/horseman",
"*rekeb*": "chariot/vehicle/wagon"
}
}
22 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.22",
"source": "וְנִפַּצְתִּ֤י בְךָ֙ אִ֣ישׁ וְאִשָּׁ֔ה וְנִפַּצְתִּ֥י בְךָ֖ זָקֵ֣ן וָנָ֑עַר וְנִפַּצְתִּ֣י בְךָ֔ בָּח֖וּר וּבְתוּלָֽה׃",
"text": "And I shall *nippats* by you *'ish we-'ishah*; and I shall *nippats* by you *zaqen wa-na'ar*; and I shall *nippats* by you *bachur u-betulah*.",
"grammar": {
"*we-nippatseti*": "conjunction + verb, Piel perfect, 1st person singular - and I will shatter/dash to pieces",
"*beka*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - by/with you",
"*'ish*": "noun, masculine singular - man",
"*we-'ishah*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and woman",
"*zaqen*": "noun, masculine singular - old man/elder",
"*wa-na'ar*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and young man/youth",
"*bachur*": "noun, masculine singular - young man/choice young man",
"*u-betulah*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and virgin/maiden"
},
"variants": {
"*'ish*": "man/husband/male",
"*'ishah*": "woman/wife/female",
"*zaqen*": "old man/elder/aged one",
"*na'ar*": "youth/young man/boy/servant",
"*bachur*": "young man/choice young man/youth",
"*betulah*": "virgin/maiden/young woman"
}
}
23 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.23",
"source": "וְנִפַּצְתִּ֤י בְךָ֙ רֹעֶ֣ה וְעֶדְר֔וֹ וְנִפַּצְתִּ֥י בְךָ֖ אִכָּ֣ר וְצִמְדּ֑וֹ וְנִפַּצְתִּ֣י בְךָ֔ פַּח֖וֹת וּסְגָנִֽים׃",
"text": "And I shall *nippats* by you *ro'eh we-'edro*; and I shall *nippats* by you *'ikkar we-tsimdo*; and I shall *nippats* by you *pachot u-seganim*.",
"grammar": {
"*we-nippatseti*": "conjunction + verb, Piel perfect, 1st person singular - and I will shatter/dash to pieces",
"*beka*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - by/with you",
"*ro'eh*": "noun, masculine singular - shepherd/herder",
"*we-'edro*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his flock",
"*'ikkar*": "noun, masculine singular - farmer/plowman",
"*we-tsimdo*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his team/yoke",
"*pachot*": "noun, masculine plural - governors/deputies",
"*u-seganim*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural - and rulers/officials"
},
"variants": {
"*ro'eh*": "shepherd/herder/pastor",
"*'eder*": "flock/herd",
"*'ikkar*": "farmer/plowman/husbandman",
"*tsemed*": "team/yoke/pair",
"*pachot*": "governors/deputies/provincial rulers",
"*seganim*": "rulers/officials/prefects"
}
}
24 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.24",
"source": "וְשִׁלַּמְתִּ֨י לְבָבֶ֜ל וּלְכֹ֣ל ׀ יוֹשְׁבֵ֣י כַשְׂדִּ֗ים אֵ֧ת כָּל־רָעָתָ֛ם אֲשֶׁר־עָשׂ֥וּ בְצִיּ֖וֹן לְעֵֽינֵיכֶ֑ם נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָֽה׃ ס",
"text": "And I shall *shillem* to *Babel* and to all *yoshebey Kasdim* *'et* all their *ra'ah* which they *'asah* in *Tsiyon* before your eyes, *ne'um YHWH*.",
"grammar": {
"*we-shillamti*": "conjunction + verb, Piel perfect, 1st person singular - and I will repay/recompense",
"*le-Babel*": "preposition + proper noun - to Babylon",
"*u-le-kol*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - and to all",
"*yoshebey*": "participle, Qal active, masculine plural construct - inhabitants of/dwellers in",
"*Kasdim*": "proper noun - Chaldeans",
"*'et*": "direct object marker",
"*kol-ra'atam*": "noun, masculine singular construct + noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - all their evil",
"*'asher-'asu*": "relative pronoun + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - which they did",
"*be-Tsiyon*": "preposition + proper noun - in Zion",
"*le-'eyneykhem*": "preposition + noun, feminine dual + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - before your eyes",
"*ne'um YHWH*": "construct phrase + proper noun - declaration of YHWH"
},
"variants": {
"*shillem*": "repay/recompense/requite/restore",
"*yoshebey*": "inhabitants of/dwellers in/residents of",
"*Kasdim*": "Chaldeans/inhabitants of Chaldea",
"*ra'ah*": "evil/wickedness/calamity/misery",
"*'asah*": "do/make/perform/accomplish",
"*ne'um*": "utterance/declaration/oracle"
}
}
25 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.25",
"source": "הִנְנִ֨י אֵלֶ֜יךָ הַ֤ר הַמַּשְׁחִית֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה הַמַּשְׁחִ֖ית אֶת־כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְנָטִ֨יתִי אֶת־יָדִ֜י עָלֶ֗יךָ וְגִלְגַּלְתִּ֙יךָ֙ מִן־הַסְּלָעִ֔ים וּנְתַתִּ֖יךָ לְהַ֥ר שְׂרֵפָֽה׃",
"text": "*Hineni* to you, *har ha-mashchit*, *ne'um-YHWH*, *ha-mashchit 'et* all *ha-'arets*; and I shall *natah 'et-yadi* upon you, and I shall *gilgal* you from *ha-sela'im*, and I shall *natan* you to *har serefah*.",
"grammar": {
"*hineni*": "interjection + 1st person singular suffix - behold me/here I am",
"*'eleyka*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to you",
"*har*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mountain/hill",
"*ha-mashchit*": "article + participle, Hiphil active, masculine singular - the destroyer",
"*ne'um-YHWH*": "construct phrase + proper noun - declaration of YHWH",
"*ha-mashchit*": "article + participle, Hiphil active, masculine singular - the destroyer",
"*'et*": "direct object marker",
"*kol-ha-'arets*": "noun, masculine singular construct + article + noun, feminine singular - all the earth/land",
"*we-natiti*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 1st person singular - and I will stretch out",
"*'et-yadi*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my hand",
"*'aleyka*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - upon you",
"*we-gilgaltikha*": "conjunction + verb, Pilpel perfect, 1st person singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and I will roll you down",
"*min-ha-sela'im*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine plural - from the rocks/cliffs",
"*u-netattikha*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 1st person singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and I will make you",
"*le-har*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - to a mountain of",
"*serefah*": "noun, feminine singular - burning/combustion"
},
"variants": {
"*hineni*": "behold me/here I am/I am ready",
"*har ha-mashchit*": "mountain of destruction/destroying mountain",
"*mashchit*": "destroyer/destructor/one who causes ruin",
"*natah yad*": "stretch out hand/extend power",
"*gilgal*": "roll down/tumble/roll away",
"*sela'im*": "rocks/cliffs/crags",
"*har serefah*": "mountain of burning/burnt mountain/volcano"
}
}
26 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.26",
"source": "וְלֹֽא־יִקְח֤וּ מִמְּךָ֙ אֶ֣בֶן לְפִנָּ֔ה וְאֶ֖בֶן לְמֽוֹסָד֑וֹת כִּֽי־שִׁמְמ֥וֹת עוֹלָ֛ם תִּֽהְיֶ֖ה נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃",
"text": "And not shall they *laqach* from you *'eben le-pinnah* and *'eben le-mosadot*, for *shimmot 'olam* you shall *hayah*, *ne'um-YHWH*.",
"grammar": {
"*we-lo'-yiqchu*": "conjunction + negative particle + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they will not take",
"*mimeka*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - from you",
"*'eben*": "noun, feminine singular - stone",
"*le-pinnah*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - for a corner",
"*we-'eben*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and stone",
"*le-mosadot*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural - for foundations",
"*ki*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*shimmot*": "noun, feminine plural construct - desolations of",
"*'olam*": "noun, masculine singular - eternity/forever",
"*tihyeh*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you will be",
"*ne'um-YHWH*": "construct phrase + proper noun - declaration of YHWH"
},
"variants": {
"*laqach*": "take/receive/fetch/use",
"*'eben le-pinnah*": "cornerstone/stone for a corner",
"*'eben le-mosadot*": "foundation stone/stone for foundations",
"*shimmot 'olam*": "everlasting desolations/perpetual waste",
"*ne'um*": "utterance/declaration/oracle"
}
}
27 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.27",
"source": "שְׂאוּ־נֵ֣ס בָּאָ֗רֶץ תִּקְע֨וּ שׁוֹפָ֤ר בַּגּוֹיִם֙ קַדְּשׁ֤וּ עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ גּוֹיִ֔ם הַשְׁמִ֧יעוּ עָלֶ֛יהָ מַמְלְכ֥וֹת אֲרָרַ֖ט מִנִּ֣י וְאַשְׁכְּנָ֑ז פִּקְד֤וּ עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ טִפְסָ֔ר הַֽעֲלוּ־ס֖וּס כְּיֶ֥לֶק סָמָֽר׃",
"text": "*Se'u-nes ba-'arets*, *tiq'u shofar ba-goyim*, *qaddeshu* against her *goyim*, *hashmi'u* against her *mamlekot 'Ararat Minni we-'Ashkenaz*; *piqdu* against her *tifsar*, *ha'alu-sus ke-yeleq samar*.",
"grammar": {
"*se'u-nes*": "verb, Qal imperative, masculine plural + noun, masculine singular - lift up a standard",
"*ba-'arets*": "preposition + article + noun, feminine singular - in the land",
"*tiq'u*": "verb, Qal imperative, masculine plural - blow",
"*shofar*": "noun, masculine singular - trumpet/ram's horn",
"*ba-goyim*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine plural - among the nations",
"*qaddeshu*": "verb, Piel imperative, masculine plural - consecrate/prepare",
"*'aleyha*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - against her",
"*goyim*": "noun, masculine plural - nations",
"*hashmi'u*": "verb, Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - cause to hear/proclaim",
"*'aleyha*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - against her",
"*mamlekot*": "noun, feminine plural construct - kingdoms of",
"*'Ararat*": "proper noun - Ararat",
"*Minni*": "proper noun - Minni",
"*we-'Ashkenaz*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Ashkenaz",
"*piqdu*": "verb, Qal imperative, masculine plural - appoint",
"*'aleyha*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - against her",
"*tifsar*": "noun, masculine singular - marshal/captain",
"*ha'alu-sus*": "verb, Hiphil imperative, masculine plural + noun, masculine singular - bring up horses",
"*ke-yeleq*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - like locusts",
"*samar*": "adjective, masculine singular - bristling/rough"
},
"variants": {
"*nes*": "standard/banner/signal/pole",
"*tiq'u shofar*": "blow trumpet/sound ram's horn",
"*qaddesh*": "consecrate/prepare/sanctify/set apart",
"*hashmi'u*": "cause to hear/proclaim/announce",
"*piqdu*": "appoint/command/oversee",
"*tifsar*": "marshal/captain/official",
"*ha'alu*": "bring up/offer up/cause to ascend",
"*yeleq*": "locusts/caterpillars",
"*samar*": "bristling/rough/horrid"
}
}
28 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.28",
"source": "קַדְּשׁ֨וּ עָלֶ֤יהָ גוֹיִם֙ אֶת־מַלְכֵ֣י מָדַ֔י אֶת־פַּחוֹתֶ֖יהָ וְאֶת־כָּל־סְגָנֶ֑יהָ וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־אֶ֥רֶץ מֶמְשַׁלְתּֽוֹ׃",
"text": "*Qaddeshu* against her *goyim*, *'et-malkey Maday*, *'et-pachoteyha* and *'et-kol-seganeyha*, and *'et* all *'erets memshalto*.",
"grammar": {
"*qaddeshu*": "verb, Piel imperative, masculine plural - consecrate/prepare",
"*'aleyha*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - against her",
"*goyim*": "noun, masculine plural - nations",
"*'et*": "direct object marker",
"*malkey*": "noun, masculine plural construct - kings of",
"*Maday*": "proper noun - Media/Medes",
"*'et*": "direct object marker",
"*pachoteyha*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her governors",
"*we-'et*": "conjunction + direct object marker",
"*kol-seganeyha*": "noun, masculine singular construct + noun, masculine plural + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - all her rulers",
"*we-'et*": "conjunction + direct object marker",
"*kol-'erets*": "noun, masculine singular construct + noun, feminine singular construct - all the land of",
"*memshalto*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his dominion"
},
"variants": {
"*qaddesh*": "consecrate/prepare/sanctify/set apart",
"*malkey*": "kings of/rulers of",
"*pachot*": "governors/deputies/provincial rulers",
"*seganim*": "rulers/officials/prefects",
"*memshalah*": "dominion/rule/authority"
}
}
29 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.29",
"source": "וַתִּרְעַ֥שׁ הָאָ֖רֶץ וַתָּחֹ֑ל כִּ֣י קָ֤מָה עַל־בָּבֶל֙ מַחְשְׁב֣וֹת יְהוָ֔ה לָשׂ֞וּם אֶת־אֶ֧רֶץ בָּבֶ֛ל לְשַׁמָּ֖ה מֵאֵ֥ין יוֹשֵֽׁב׃",
"text": "And *ra'ash ha-'arets* and *chul*; for *qum* against *Babel machshevot YHWH*, to *sum 'et-'erets Babel le-shammah me'eyn yoshev*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-tir'ash*": "conjunction + verb, Qal imperfect + consecutive, 3rd person feminine singular - and it trembles",
"*ha-'arets*": "article + noun, feminine singular - the earth/land",
"*wa-tachol*": "conjunction + verb, Qal imperfect + consecutive, 3rd person feminine singular - and it writhes",
"*ki*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*qamah*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she arises/stands",
"*'al-Babel*": "preposition + proper noun - against Babylon",
"*machshevot*": "noun, feminine plural construct - plans/thoughts of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - Divine Name",
"*la-sum*": "preposition + verb, Qal infinitive construct - to make",
"*'et-'erets*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular construct - the land of",
"*Babel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*le-shammah*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - for a desolation",
"*me'eyn*": "preposition + construct particle - without",
"*yoshev*": "participle, Qal active, masculine singular - inhabitant/dweller"
},
"variants": {
"*ra'ash*": "tremble/quake/shake",
"*chul*": "writhe/twist/be in pain",
"*qum*": "arise/stand/be established",
"*machshevot*": "plans/thoughts/devices/designs",
"*sum*": "put/place/set/make",
"*shammah*": "desolation/waste/horror",
"*me'eyn yoshev*": "without inhabitant/with no one dwelling"
}
}
30 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.30",
"source": "חָדְלוּ֩ גִבּוֹרֵ֨י בָבֶ֜ל לְהִלָּחֵ֗ם יָֽשְׁבוּ֙ בַּמְּצָד֔וֹת נָשְׁתָ֥ה גְבוּרָתָ֖ם הָי֣וּ לְנָשִׁ֑ים הִצִּ֥יתוּ מִשְׁכְּנֹתֶ֖יהָ נִשְׁבְּר֥וּ בְרִיחֶֽיהָ׃",
"text": "*Chadlu gibborey Babel le-hillachem*, *yashvu ba-metsadot*, *nashtah geburatam*, *hayu le-nashim*; *hitsitu mishkenoteyha*, *nishberu bericheyha*.",
"grammar": {
"*chadlu*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they ceased/refrained",
"*gibborey*": "noun, masculine plural construct - mighty men of",
"*Babel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*le-hillachem*": "preposition + verb, Niphal infinitive construct - to fight",
"*yashvu*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they remain/dwell",
"*ba-metsadot*": "preposition + article + noun, feminine plural - in the strongholds",
"*nashtah*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it dried up/failed",
"*geburatam*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their might",
"*hayu*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they became",
"*le-nashim*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural - like women",
"*hitsitu*": "verb, Hiphil perfect, 3rd person common plural - they set on fire",
"*mishkenoteyha*": "noun, feminine plural + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her dwellings",
"*nishberu*": "verb, Niphal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they are broken",
"*bericheyha*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her bars/bolts"
},
"variants": {
"*chadal*": "cease/refrain/leave off/forbear",
"*gibborim*": "mighty men/warriors/heroes",
"*yashav ba-metsadot*": "remain in strongholds/dwell in fortresses",
"*nashtah*": "dry up/fail/be exhausted",
"*geburah*": "might/strength/power",
"*hayu le-nashim*": "became like women/became weak",
"*hitsit*": "set on fire/kindle/burn",
"*mishkenot*": "dwellings/habitations/tabernacles",
"*nishberu*": "are broken/are shattered",
"*berichim*": "bars/bolts/locks"
}
}
31 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.31",
"source": "רָ֤ץ לִקְרַאת־רָץ֙ יָר֔וּץ וּמַגִּ֖יד לִקְרַ֣את מַגִּ֑יד לְהַגִּיד֙ לְמֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֔ל כִּֽי־נִלְכְּדָ֥ה עִיר֖וֹ מִקָּצֶֽה׃",
"text": "*Rats liqrat-rats yaruts*, and *maggid liqrat maggid*, to *naggid le-melek Babel* that *nilkedad 'iro miqqatseh*.",
"grammar": {
"*rats*": "participle, Qal active, masculine singular - runner",
"*liqrat-rats*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - to meet runner",
"*yaruts*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he runs",
"*u-maggid*": "conjunction + participle, Hiphil active, masculine singular - and messenger/one who reports",
"*liqrat*": "preposition - to meet",
"*maggid*": "participle, Hiphil active, masculine singular - messenger/one who reports",
"*le-haggid*": "preposition + verb, Hiphil infinitive construct - to tell/report",
"*le-melek*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - to the king of",
"*Babel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*ki*": "conjunction - that",
"*nilkedah*": "verb, Niphal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she is captured",
"*'iro*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his city",
"*miqqatseh*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from end/completely"
},
"variants": {
"*rats*": "runner/courier",
"*liqrat*": "to meet/towards",
"*maggid*": "messenger/reporter/herald",
"*naggid*": "tell/report/announce/declare",
"*nilkad*": "be captured/be taken/be seized",
"*miqqatseh*": "from end/from extremity/completely"
}
}
32 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.32",
"source": "וְהַמַּעְבָּר֣וֹת נִתְפָּ֔שׂוּ וְאֶת־הָאֲגַמִּ֖ים שָׂרְפ֣וּ בָאֵ֑שׁ וְאַנְשֵׁ֥י הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה נִבְהָֽלוּ׃ ס",
"text": "And *ha-ma'barot nitpasu*, and *'et-ha-'agammim sarephu ba-'esh*, and *'anshey ha-milchamah nibhalu*.",
"grammar": {
"*we-ha-ma'barot*": "conjunction + article + noun, feminine plural - and the fords/crossings",
"*nitpasu*": "verb, Niphal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they are seized",
"*we-'et*": "conjunction + direct object marker",
"*ha-'agammim*": "article + noun, masculine plural - the marshes/reeds",
"*sarephu*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they burned",
"*ba-'esh*": "preposition + article + noun, feminine singular - with the fire",
"*we-'anshey*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct - and men of",
"*ha-milchamah*": "article + noun, feminine singular - the war/battle",
"*nibhalu*": "verb, Niphal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they are terrified"
},
"variants": {
"*ma'barot*": "fords/crossings/passages",
"*nitpas*": "be seized/be captured",
"*'agammim*": "marshes/reeds/pools",
"*saraph ba-'esh*": "burn with fire",
"*'anshey ha-milchamah*": "men of war/warriors",
"*nibhal*": "be terrified/be dismayed/be alarmed"
}
}
33 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.33",
"source": "כִּי֩ כֹ֨ה אָמַ֜ר יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בַּת־בָּבֶ֕ל כְּגֹ֖רֶן עֵ֣ת הִדְרִיכָ֑הּ ע֣וֹד מְעַ֔ט וּבָ֥אָה עֵֽת־הַקָּצִ֖יר לָֽהּ׃",
"text": "For thus *'amar YHWH tseba'ot 'elohey Yisra'el*: *bat-Babel ke-goren 'et hidrikah*; yet *me'at* and shall come *'et-ha-qatsir* for her.",
"grammar": {
"*ki*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*koh*": "adverb - thus/so",
"*'amar*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he says",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - Divine Name",
"*tseba'ot*": "noun, feminine plural - hosts/armies",
"*'elohey*": "noun, masculine plural construct - God of",
"*Yisra'el*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*bat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of",
"*Babel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*ke-goren*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - like a threshing floor",
"*'et*": "noun, feminine singular construct - time of",
"*hidrikah*": "verb, Hiphil infinitive construct + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its treading/threshing",
"*'od*": "adverb - yet/still",
"*me'at*": "adjective, masculine singular - little/few",
"*u-va'ah*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - and it comes",
"*'et*": "noun, feminine singular construct - time of",
"*ha-qatsir*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the harvest",
"*lah*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - for her"
},
"variants": {
"*YHWH tseba'ot*": "LORD of hosts/LORD of armies",
"*bat-Babel*": "daughter of Babylon",
"*goren*": "threshing floor/smooth place",
"*hidrik*": "tread down/thresh",
"*me'at*": "little while/short time",
"*'et-ha-qatsir*": "time of harvest/harvest season"
}
}
34 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.34",
"source": "אכלנו אֲכָלַ֣נִי הממנו הֲמָמַ֗נִי נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּר֮ מֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶל֒ הציגנו הִצִּיגַ֙נִי֙ כְּלִ֣י רִ֔יק בלענו בְּלָעַ֙נִי֙ כַּתַּנִּ֔ין מִלָּ֥א כְרֵשׂ֖וֹ מֵֽעֲדָנָ֑י הדיחנו הֱדִיחָֽנִי",
"text": "*ʾăkālanî* *hămāmanî* *Nəbûkadreʾṣṣar* *melek Bābel*, *hiṣṣîganî* *kəlî rîq*, *bəlāʿanî* *kattannîn*, *millēʾ* *kərēśô* from-*ʿădānāy*, *hĕdîḥānî*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾăkālanî*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd singular masculine with 1st singular suffix - he devoured me",
"*hămāmanî*": "verb, Hiphil perfect, 3rd singular masculine with 1st singular suffix - he confused/crushed me",
"*Nəbûkadreʾṣṣar*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Nebuchadnezzar",
"*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of",
"*Bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*hiṣṣîganî*": "verb, Hiphil perfect, 3rd singular masculine with 1st singular suffix - he set/placed me",
"*kəlî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - vessel/implement of",
"*rîq*": "adjective, masculine singular - empty",
"*bəlāʿanî*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd singular masculine with 1st singular suffix - he swallowed me",
"*kattannîn*": "preposition כ + definite article ה + noun, masculine singular - like the sea monster/dragon",
"*millēʾ*": "verb, Piel perfect, 3rd singular masculine - he filled",
"*kərēśô*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd singular masculine suffix - his belly/stomach",
"*ʿădānāy*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st singular suffix - my delicacies/delights",
"*hĕdîḥānî*": "verb, Hiphil perfect, 3rd singular masculine with 1st singular suffix - he rinsed/washed away me"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾăkālanî*": "devoured me/consumed me/ate me",
"*hămāmanî*": "confused me/crushed me/discomfited me",
"*hiṣṣîganî*": "set me/placed me/positioned me",
"*kəlî rîq*": "empty vessel/worthless implement",
"*bəlāʿanî*": "swallowed me/engulfed me",
"*tannîn*": "sea monster/dragon/serpent",
"*ʿădānāy*": "my delicacies/my delights/my pleasant things",
"*hĕdîḥānî*": "rinsed me away/washed me away/thrust me out"
}
}
35 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.35",
"source": "חֲמָסִ֤י וּשְׁאֵרִי֙ עַל־בָּבֶ֔ל תֹּאמַ֖ר יֹשֶׁ֣בֶת צִיּ֑וֹן וְדָמִי֙ אֶל־יֹשְׁבֵ֣י כַשְׂדִּ֔ים תֹּאמַ֖ר יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם",
"text": "*ḥămāsî* and-*šəʾērî* against-*Bābel* *tōʾmar* *yōšebet* *Ṣiyyôn* and-*dāmî* to-*yōšəbê* *Kaśdîm* *tōʾmar* *Yərûšālāim*",
"grammar": {
"*ḥămāsî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - my violence/my wrong",
"*šəʾērî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - my flesh/my remnant",
"*Bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*tōʾmar*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd singular feminine - she will say",
"*yōšebet*": "participle, Qal feminine singular construct - inhabitant of/dweller of",
"*Ṣiyyôn*": "proper noun - Zion",
"*dāmî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - my blood",
"*yōšəbê*": "participle, Qal masculine plural construct - inhabitants of/dwellers of",
"*Kaśdîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Chaldeans",
"*Yərûšālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥămāsî*": "my violence/my wrong/my injury",
"*šəʾērî*": "my flesh/my remnant/my body",
"*yōšebet*": "female inhabitant/dweller/resident",
"*Kaśdîm*": "Chaldeans/Babylonians"
}
}
36 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.36",
"source": "לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הִנְנִי־רָב֙ אֶת־רִיבֵ֔ךְ וְנִקַּמְתִּ֖י אֶת־נִקְמָתֵ֑ךְ וְהַחֲרַבְתִּי֙ אֶת־יַמָּ֔הּ וְהֹבַשְׁתִּ֖י אֶת־מְקוֹרָֽהּ",
"text": "Therefore thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH* behold-me-*rāb* *ʾet*-*rîbēk* and-*niqqamtî* *ʾet*-*niqmātēk* and-*haḥărabtî* *ʾet*-*yammāh* and-*hōbaštî* *ʾet*-*məqôrāh*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾāmar*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd singular masculine - he said/spoke",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh",
"*rāb*": "participle, Qal masculine singular - contending/pleading",
"*rîbēk*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your cause/your case",
"*niqqamtî*": "verb, Piel perfect, 1st singular - I will avenge",
"*niqmātēk*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your vengeance",
"*haḥărabtî*": "verb, Hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I will dry up/make desolate",
"*yammāh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her sea",
"*hōbaštî*": "verb, Hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I will make dry/cause to be ashamed",
"*məqôrāh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her fountain/spring"
},
"variants": {
"*rāb*": "contending/pleading/striving with",
"*rîbēk*": "your cause/your case/your lawsuit",
"*niqqamtî*": "I will avenge/I will take vengeance",
"*haḥărabtî*": "I will dry up/I will make desolate/I will lay waste",
"*məqôrāh*": "her fountain/her spring/her source"
}
}
37 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.37",
"source": "וְהָיְתָה֩ בָבֶ֨ל ׀ לְגַלִּ֧ים ׀ מְעוֹן־תַּנִּ֛ים שַׁמָּ֥ה וּשְׁרֵקָ֖ה מֵאֵ֥ין יוֹשֵֽׁב",
"text": "And-*hāyətāh* *Bābel* to-*gallîm* *məʿôn*-*tannîm* *šammāh* and-*šərēqāh* from-*ʾên* *yôšēb*",
"grammar": {
"*hāyətāh*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd singular feminine - she will become/she will be",
"*Bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*gallîm*": "noun, masculine plural - heaps/ruins",
"*məʿôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - dwelling place of",
"*tannîm*": "noun, masculine plural - jackals/dragons",
"*šammāh*": "noun, feminine singular - horror/astonishment",
"*šərēqāh*": "noun, feminine singular - hissing/derision",
"*ʾên*": "particle of negation - without/there is not",
"*yôšēb*": "participle, Qal masculine singular - inhabitant/dweller"
},
"variants": {
"*gallîm*": "heaps/ruins/piles",
"*məʿôn*": "dwelling place/habitation/den",
"*tannîm*": "jackals/dragons/serpents",
"*šammāh*": "horror/astonishment/desolation",
"*šərēqāh*": "hissing/derision/scorn"
}
}
38 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.38",
"source": "יַחְדָּ֖ו כַּכְּפִרִ֣ים יִשְׁאָ֑גוּ נָעֲר֖וּ כְּגוֹרֵ֥י אֲרָיֽוֹת",
"text": "Together like-the-*kəpirîm* *yišʾāgû* *nāʿărû* like-*gôrê* *ʾărāyôt*",
"grammar": {
"*kəpirîm*": "noun, masculine plural - young lions",
"*yišʾāgû*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they will roar",
"*nāʿărû*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd plural - they growl/they shake",
"*gôrê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - cubs of",
"*ʾărāyôt*": "noun, masculine plural - lions"
},
"variants": {
"*kəpirîm*": "young lions/lion cubs",
"*yišʾāgû*": "they will roar/they will howl",
"*nāʿărû*": "they growl/they shake/they roar",
"*gôrê*": "cubs/whelps",
"*ʾărāyôt*": "lions/strong ones"
}
}
39 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.39",
"source": "בְּחֻמָּ֞ם אָשִׁ֣ית אֶת־מִשְׁתֵּיהֶ֗ם וְהִשְׁכַּרְתִּים֙ לְמַ֣עַן יַעֲלֹ֔זוּ וְיָשְׁנ֥וּ שְׁנַת־עוֹלָ֖ם וְלֹ֣א יָקִ֑יצוּ נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָֽה",
"text": "In-*ḥummām* *ʾāšît* *ʾet*-*mištêhem* and-*hiškartîm* so-that *yaʿălōzû* and-*yāšnû* *šənat*-*ʿôlām* and-not *yāqîṣû* *nəʾum* *YHWH*",
"grammar": {
"*ḥummām*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their heat/their excitement",
"*ʾāšît*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will set/I will prepare",
"*mištêhem*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their feasts/their banquets",
"*hiškartîm*": "verb, Hiphil perfect, 1st singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - I will make them drunk",
"*yaʿălōzû*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they will rejoice/exult",
"*yāšnû*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd plural - they will sleep",
"*šənat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - sleep of",
"*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular - everlasting/forever/perpetuity",
"*yāqîṣû*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect, 3rd plural - they will awake",
"*nəʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - declaration of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥummām*": "their heat/their excitement/when they are heated",
"*ʾāšît*": "I will set/I will prepare/I will establish",
"*mištêhem*": "their feasts/their banquets/their drinking parties",
"*hiškartîm*": "I will make them drunk/I will intoxicate them",
"*yaʿălōzû*": "they will rejoice/they will exult/they will be jubilant",
"*šənat-ʿôlām*": "perpetual sleep/eternal sleep/sleep of eternity"
}
}
40 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.40",
"source": "אֽוֹרִידֵ֖ם כְּכָרִ֣ים לִטְב֑וֹחַ כְּאֵילִ֖ים עִם־עַתּוּדִֽים",
"text": "*ʾôrîdēm* like-*kārîm* to-*ṭəbôaḥ* like-*ʾêlîm* with-*ʿattûdîm*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾôrîdēm*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect, 1st singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - I will bring them down",
"*kārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - lambs",
"*ṭəbôaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - slaughter",
"*ʾêlîm*": "noun, masculine plural - rams",
"*ʿattûdîm*": "noun, masculine plural - male goats/he-goats"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾôrîdēm*": "I will bring them down/I will make them descend",
"*kārîm*": "lambs/young sheep",
"*ṭəbôaḥ*": "slaughter/butchering",
"*ʾêlîm*": "rams/male sheep",
"*ʿattûdîm*": "male goats/he-goats/leaders"
}
}
41 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.41",
"source": "אֵ֚יךְ נִלְכְּדָ֣ה שֵׁשַׁ֔ךְ וַתִּתָּפֵ֖שׂ תְּהִלַּ֣ת כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ אֵ֣יךְ הָיְתָ֧ה לְשַׁמָּ֛ה בָּבֶ֖ל בַּגּוֹיִֽם",
"text": "How *nilkədāh* *Šēšak* and-*tittāpēś* *təhillat* all-the-*ʾāreṣ* how *hāyətāh* to-*šammāh* *Bābel* among-the-*gôyîm*",
"grammar": {
"*nilkədāh*": "verb, Niphal perfect, 3rd singular feminine - she is captured",
"*Šēšak*": "proper noun - Sheshach (code name for Babylon)",
"*tittāpēś*": "verb, Niphal imperfect, 3rd singular feminine - she is seized",
"*təhillat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - praise of",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land",
"*hāyətāh*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd singular feminine - she has become",
"*šammāh*": "noun, feminine singular - horror/astonishment",
"*Bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*gôyîm*": "noun, masculine plural - nations"
},
"variants": {
"*nilkədāh*": "she is captured/she is taken",
"*Šēšak*": "Sheshach (cryptogram for Babylon/code name)",
"*tittāpēś*": "she is seized/she is caught",
"*təhillat*": "praise of/glory of/boast of",
"*šammāh*": "horror/astonishment/desolation"
}
}
42 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.42",
"source": "עָלָ֥ה עַל־בָּבֶ֖ל הַיָּ֑ם בַּהֲמ֥וֹן גַּלָּ֖יו נִכְסָֽתָה",
"text": "*ʿālāh* against-*Bābel* the-*yām* with-*hămôn* *gallāyw* *niksātāh*",
"grammar": {
"*ʿālāh*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd singular masculine - he has come up",
"*Bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*yām*": "noun, masculine singular - sea",
"*hămôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - multitude of",
"*gallāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his waves",
"*niksātāh*": "verb, Niphal perfect, 3rd singular feminine - she is covered"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿālāh*": "has come up/has risen/has gone up",
"*yām*": "sea/ocean/large body of water",
"*hămôn*": "multitude/tumult/roar",
"*niksātāh*": "she is covered/she is overwhelmed"
}
}
43 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.43",
"source": "הָי֤וּ עָרֶ֙יהָ֙ לְשַׁמָּ֔ה אֶ֖רֶץ צִיָּ֣ה וַעֲרָבָ֑ה אֶ֗רֶץ לֹֽא־יֵשֵׁ֤ב בָּהֵן֙ כָּל־אִ֔ישׁ וְלֹֽא־יַעֲבֹ֥ר בָּהֵ֖ן בֶּן־אָדָֽם",
"text": "*hāyû* *ʿārêhā* to-*šammāh* *ʾereṣ* *ṣiyyāh* and-*ʿărābāh* *ʾereṣ* not-*yēšēb* in-them any-*ʾîš* and-not-*yaʿăbōr* in-them *ben*-*ʾādām*",
"grammar": {
"*hāyû*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd plural - they have become",
"*ʿārêhā*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her cities",
"*šammāh*": "noun, feminine singular - horror/astonishment",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - land",
"*ṣiyyāh*": "noun, feminine singular - drought/dry place",
"*ʿărābāh*": "noun, feminine singular - desert plain",
"*yēšēb*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd singular masculine - he will dwell",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man",
"*yaʿăbōr*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd singular masculine - he will pass through",
"*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of",
"*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - mankind/humanity"
},
"variants": {
"*šammāh*": "horror/astonishment/desolation",
"*ṣiyyāh*": "drought/dry place/parched land",
"*ʿărābāh*": "desert plain/wilderness/desolate place",
"*ben-ʾādām*": "son of man/human being/person"
}
}
44 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.44",
"source": "וּפָקַדְתִּ֨י עַל־בֵּ֜ל בְּבָבֶ֗ל וְהֹצֵאתִ֤י אֶת־בִּלְעוֹ֙ מִפִּ֔יו וְלֹֽא־יִנְהֲר֥וּ אֵלָ֛יו ע֖וֹד גּוֹיִ֑ם גַּם־חוֹמַ֥ת בָּבֶ֖ל נָפָֽלָה",
"text": "And-*pāqadtî* against-*Bēl* in-*Bābel* and-*hôṣēʾtî* *ʾet*-*bilʿô* from-*pîw* and-not-*yinhărû* to-him again *gôyîm* also-*ḥômat* *Bābel* *nāpālāh*",
"grammar": {
"*pāqadtî*": "verb, Qal perfect, 1st singular - I will punish/visit",
"*Bēl*": "proper noun - Bel (Babylonian deity)",
"*Bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*hôṣēʾtî*": "verb, Hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I will bring out",
"*bilʿô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - what he has swallowed",
"*pîw*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his mouth",
"*yinhărû*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they will flow",
"*gôyîm*": "noun, masculine plural - nations",
"*ḥômat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - wall of",
"*nāpālāh*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd singular feminine - she has fallen"
},
"variants": {
"*pāqadtî*": "I will punish/I will visit/I will attend to",
"*bilʿô*": "what he has swallowed/his prey/what he has devoured",
"*yinhărû*": "they will flow/they will stream/they will go in procession",
"*ḥômat*": "wall of/rampart of/fortification of"
}
}
45 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.45",
"source": "צְא֤וּ מִתּוֹכָהּ֙ עַמִּ֔י וּמַלְּט֖וּ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־נַפְשׁ֑וֹ מֵחֲר֖וֹן אַף־יְהוָֽה",
"text": "Go-out from-*tôkāh* *ʿammî* and-*malləṭû* *ʾîš* *ʾet*-*napšô* from-*ḥărôn* *ʾap*-*YHWH*",
"grammar": {
"*ṣəʾû*": "verb, Qal imperative, masculine plural - go out",
"*tôkāh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her midst",
"*ʿammî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - my people",
"*malləṭû*": "verb, Piel imperative, masculine plural - save/deliver",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/each one",
"*napšô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his life/soul",
"*ḥărôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heat of",
"*ʾap*": "noun, masculine singular construct - anger of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh"
},
"variants": {
"*tôkāh*": "her midst/within her/from inside her",
"*malləṭû*": "save/deliver/rescue",
"*napšô*": "his life/his soul/his self",
"*ḥărôn ʾap*": "fierce anger/burning anger/hot anger"
}
}
46 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.46",
"source": "וּפֶן־יֵרַ֤ךְ לְבַבְכֶם֙ וְתִֽירְא֔וּ בַּשְּׁמוּעָ֖ה הַנִּשְׁמַ֣עַת בָּאָ֑רֶץ וּבָ֧א בַשָּׁנָ֣ה הַשְּׁמוּעָ֗ה וְאַחֲרָ֤יו בַּשָּׁנָה֙ הַשְּׁמוּעָ֔ה וְחָמָ֣ס בָּאָ֔רֶץ וּמֹשֵׁ֖ל עַל־מֹשֵֽׁל",
"text": "And-lest-*yērak* *ləbabkem* and-*tîrəʾû* by-the-*šəmûʿāh* the-*nišmaʿat* in-the-*ʾāreṣ* and-*bāʾ* in-the-*šānāh* the-*šəmûʿāh* and-after-it in-the-*šānāh* the-*šəmûʿāh* and-*ḥāmās* in-the-*ʾāreṣ* and-*mōšēl* against-*mōšēl*",
"grammar": {
"*yērak*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd singular masculine - it will become faint",
"*ləbabkem*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your heart",
"*tîrəʾû*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you will fear",
"*šəmûʿāh*": "noun, feminine singular - report/rumor",
"*nišmaʿat*": "verb, Niphal participle, feminine singular - being heard",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - land/earth",
"*bāʾ*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd singular masculine - it will come",
"*šānāh*": "noun, feminine singular - year",
"*ʾaḥărāyw*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - after it",
"*ḥāmās*": "noun, masculine singular - violence",
"*mōšēl*": "participle, Qal masculine singular - ruler"
},
"variants": {
"*yērak*": "become faint/become soft/melt",
"*šəmûʿāh*": "report/rumor/news",
"*ḥāmās*": "violence/wrong/injustice",
"*mōšēl*": "ruler/governor/one who rules"
}
}
47 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.47",
"source": "לָכֵן֙ הִנֵּ֣ה יָמִ֣ים בָּאִ֔ים וּפָקַדְתִּי֙ עַל־פְּסִילֵ֣י בָבֶ֔ל וְכָל־אַרְצָ֖הּ תֵּב֑וֹשׁ וְכָל־חֲלָלֶ֖יהָ יִפְּל֥וּ בְתוֹכָֽהּ",
"text": "Therefore behold *yāmîm* *bāʾîm* and-*pāqadtî* against-*pəsîlê* *Bābel* and-all-*ʾarṣāh* *tēbôš* and-all-*ḥălālêhā* *yippəlû* *bətôkāh*",
"grammar": {
"*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - days",
"*bāʾîm*": "participle, Qal masculine plural - coming",
"*pāqadtî*": "verb, Qal perfect, 1st singular - I will punish/visit",
"*pəsîlê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - carved images of",
"*Bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*ʾarṣāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her land",
"*tēbôš*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd singular feminine - she will be ashamed",
"*ḥălālêhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her slain",
"*yippəlû*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they will fall",
"*bətôkāh*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her midst"
},
"variants": {
"*pāqadtî*": "I will punish/I will visit/I will attend to",
"*pəsîlê*": "carved images/idols/graven images",
"*tēbôš*": "she will be ashamed/she will be humiliated/she will be disgraced",
"*ḥălālêhā*": "her slain/her wounded/her fallen"
}
}
48 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.48",
"source": "וְרִנְּנ֤וּ עַל־בָּבֶל֙ שָׁמַ֣יִם וָאָ֔רֶץ וְכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּהֶ֑ם כִּ֧י מִצָּפ֛וֹן יָבוֹא־לָ֥הּ הַשּׁוֹדְדִ֖ים נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה",
"text": "And-*rinnənû* against-*Bābel* *šāmayim* and-*ʾāreṣ* and-all that in-them because from-*ṣāpôn* *yābôʾ*-to-her the-*šôdədîm* *nəʾum*-*YHWH*",
"grammar": {
"*rinnənû*": "verb, Piel perfect, 3rd plural - they will sing for joy",
"*Bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine plural - heavens",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land",
"*ṣāpôn*": "noun, masculine singular - north",
"*yābôʾ*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd singular masculine - he will come",
"*šôdədîm*": "participle, Qal masculine plural - destroyers",
"*nəʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - declaration of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh"
},
"variants": {
"*rinnənû*": "they will sing for joy/they will shout/they will rejoice",
"*ṣāpôn*": "north/northern region",
"*šôdədîm*": "destroyers/devastators/plunderers"
}
}
49 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.49",
"source": "גַּם־בָּבֶ֕ל לִנְפֹּ֖ל חַֽלְלֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל גַּם־לְבָבֶ֥ל נָפְל֖וּ חַֽלְלֵ֥י כָל־הָאָֽרֶץ",
"text": "Also-*Bābel* to-*nəpōl* *ḥalələê* *Yiśrāʾēl* also-to-*Bābel* *nāpəlû* *ḥalələê* all-the-*ʾāreṣ*",
"grammar": {
"*Bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*nəpōl*": "verb, Qal infinitive construct - to fall",
"*ḥalələê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - slain of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*nāpəlû*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd plural - they have fallen",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥalələê*": "slain of/pierced of/wounded of"
}
}
50 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.50",
"source": "פְּלֵטִ֣ים מֵחֶ֔רֶב הִלְכ֖וּ אַֽל־תַּעֲמֹ֑דוּ זִכְר֤וּ מֵֽרָחוֹק֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה וִירֽוּשָׁלַ֖͏ִם תַּעֲלֶ֥ה עַל־לְבַבְכֶֽם",
"text": "*pəlēṭîm* from-*ḥereb* *hilkû* do-not-*taʿămōdû* *zikrû* from-distance *ʾet*-*YHWH* and-*Yərûšālaim* *taʿăleh* upon-*ləbabkem*",
"grammar": {
"*pəlēṭîm*": "noun, masculine plural - escapees/survivors",
"*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword",
"*hilkû*": "verb, Qal imperative, masculine plural - go/walk",
"*taʿămōdû*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you will stand",
"*zikrû*": "verb, Qal imperative, masculine plural - remember",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh",
"*Yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem",
"*taʿăleh*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd singular feminine - she will come up",
"*ləbabkem*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your heart"
},
"variants": {
"*pəlēṭîm*": "escapees/survivors/refugees",
"*hilkû*": "go/walk/proceed",
"*zikrû*": "remember/call to mind"
}
}
51 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.51",
"source": "בֹּ֚שְׁנוּ כִּֽי־שָׁמַ֣עְנוּ חֶרְפָּ֔ה כִּסְּתָ֥ה כְלִמָּ֖ה פָּנֵ֑ינוּ כִּ֚י בָּ֣אוּ זָרִ֔ים עַֽל־מִקְדְּשֵׁ֖י בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה",
"text": "*bōšnû* because-*šāmaʿnû* *ḥerpāh* *kissətāh* *kəlimmāh* *pānênû* because *bāʾû* *zārîm* against-*miqdəšê* *bêt* *YHWH*",
"grammar": {
"*bōšnû*": "verb, Qal perfect, 1st plural - we are ashamed",
"*šāmaʿnû*": "verb, Qal perfect, 1st plural - we have heard",
"*ḥerpāh*": "noun, feminine singular - reproach/disgrace",
"*kissətāh*": "verb, Piel perfect, 3rd singular feminine - she has covered",
"*kəlimmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - shame/humiliation",
"*pānênû*": "noun, masculine plural with 1st plural suffix - our faces",
"*bāʾû*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd plural - they have entered",
"*zārîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - strangers/foreigners",
"*miqdəšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sanctuaries of",
"*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh"
},
"variants": {
"*bōšnû*": "we are ashamed/we are humiliated/we are disgraced",
"*ḥerpāh*": "reproach/disgrace/insult",
"*kəlimmāh*": "shame/humiliation/dishonor",
"*zārîm*": "strangers/foreigners/aliens",
"*miqdəšê*": "sanctuaries/holy places"
}
}
52 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.52",
"source": "לָכֵ֞ן הִנֵּֽה־יָמִ֤ים בָּאִים֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וּפָקַדְתִּ֖י עַל־פְּסִילֶ֑יהָ וּבְכָל־אַרְצָ֖הּ יֶאֱנֹ֥ק חָלָֽל׃",
"text": "*lāḵēn* *hinnēh*-*yāmîm* *bāʾîm* *nəʾum*-*YHWH* *ûpāqadtî* *ʿal*-*pəsîlêhā* *ûḇəḵāl*-*ʾarṣāh* *yeʾĕnōq* *ḥālāl*",
"grammar": {
"*lāḵēn*": "adverb - therefore",
"*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold",
"*yāmîm*": "masculine plural noun - days",
"*bāʾîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural - coming/are coming",
"*nəʾum*": "construct state - declaration of",
"*YHWH*": "divine name",
"*ûpāqadtî*": "Waw-consecutive + Qal perfect 1st person singular - and I will visit/punish",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/against",
"*pəsîlêhā*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her carved images/idols",
"*ûḇəḵāl*": "Waw conjunction + preposition + construct - and in all of",
"*ʾarṣāh*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her land",
"*yeʾĕnōq*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - will groan",
"*ḥālāl*": "masculine singular noun - pierced/wounded/slain"
},
"variants": {
"*pāqadtî*": "visit/punish/attend to",
"*pəsîlêhā*": "carved images/idols/graven images",
"*yeʾĕnōq*": "groan/moan/cry out",
"*ḥālāl*": "pierced one/wounded one/slain one"
}
}
53 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.53",
"source": "כִּֽי־תַעֲלֶ֤ה בָבֶל֙ הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְכִ֥י תְבַצֵּ֖ר מְר֣וֹם עֻזָּ֑הּ מֵאִתִּ֗י יָבֹ֧אוּ שֹׁדְדִ֛ים לָ֖הּ נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ ס",
"text": "*kî*-*taʿăleh* *bāḇel* *haššāmayim* *wəḵî* *təḇaṣṣēr* *mərom* *ʿuzzāh* *mēʾittî* *yāḇōʾû* *šōdədîm* *lāh* *nəʾum*-*YHWH*",
"grammar": {
"*kî*": "conjunction - though/although/if",
"*taʿăleh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - she ascends/goes up",
"*bāḇel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*haššāmayim*": "definite article + masculine dual/plural noun - the heavens",
"*wəḵî*": "conjunction + conjunction - and though/and if",
"*təḇaṣṣēr*": "Piel imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - fortifies/strengthens",
"*mərom*": "masculine singular construct - height/high place of",
"*ʿuzzāh*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her strength",
"*mēʾittî*": "preposition + preposition + 1st person singular suffix - from me",
"*yāḇōʾû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they shall come",
"*šōdədîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural - destroyers/plunderers",
"*lāh*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - to/for her",
"*nəʾum*": "construct state - declaration of",
"*YHWH*": "divine name"
},
"variants": {
"*taʿăleh*": "ascends/goes up/climbs",
"*təḇaṣṣēr*": "fortifies/makes inaccessible/strengthens",
"*mərom*": "height/high place/elevation",
"*ʿuzzāh*": "strength/might/power",
"*šōdədîm*": "destroyers/plunderers/devastators"
}
}
54 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.54",
"source": "ק֥וֹל זְעָקָ֖ה מִבָּבֶ֑ל וְשֶׁ֥בֶר גָּד֖וֹל מֵאֶ֥רֶץ כַּשְׂדִּֽים׃",
"text": "*qôl* *zəʿāqāh* *mibbāḇel* *wəšeḇer* *gādôl* *mēʾereṣ* *kaśdîm*",
"grammar": {
"*qôl*": "masculine singular construct - sound/voice of",
"*zəʿāqāh*": "feminine singular noun - outcry/cry",
"*mibbāḇel*": "preposition + proper noun - from Babylon",
"*wəšeḇer*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and destruction/breaking",
"*gādôl*": "masculine singular adjective - great",
"*mēʾereṣ*": "preposition + construct noun - from land of",
"*kaśdîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Chaldeans"
},
"variants": {
"*qôl*": "sound/voice/noise",
"*zəʿāqāh*": "outcry/cry/wailing",
"*šeḇer*": "destruction/breaking/crash",
"*kaśdîm*": "Chaldeans/Babylonians"
}
}
55 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.55",
"source": "כִּֽי־שֹׁדֵ֤ד יְהוָה֙ אֶת־בָּבֶ֔ל וְאִבַּ֥ד מִמֶּ֖נָּה ק֣וֹל גָּד֑וֹל וְהָמ֤וּ גַלֵּיהֶם֙ כְּמַ֣יִם רַבִּ֔ים נִתַּ֥ן שְׁא֖וֹן קוֹלָֽם׃",
"text": "*kî*-*šōdēd* *YHWH* *ʾet*-*bāḇel* *wəʾibbad* *mimmennāh* *qôl* *gādôl* *wəhāmû* *gallêhem* *kəmayim* *rabbîm* *nittan* *šəʾôn* *qôlām*",
"grammar": {
"*kî*": "conjunction - because/for",
"*šōdēd*": "Qal participle masculine singular - destroying/ravaging",
"*YHWH*": "divine name",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*bāḇel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*wəʾibbad*": "conjunction + Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and has destroyed",
"*mimmennāh*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - from her",
"*qôl*": "masculine singular construct - voice/sound",
"*gādôl*": "masculine singular adjective - great/loud",
"*wəhāmû*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - and they roar",
"*gallêhem*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their waves",
"*kəmayim*": "preposition + masculine plural noun - like waters",
"*rabbîm*": "masculine plural adjective - many/great",
"*nittan*": "Niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - is given/uttered",
"*šəʾôn*": "masculine singular noun - tumult/roar",
"*qôlām*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their voice/sound"
},
"variants": {
"*šōdēd*": "destroying/ravaging/plundering",
"*ʾibbad*": "destroyed/caused to perish/obliterated",
"*hāmû*": "roar/make noise/are tumultuous",
"*šəʾôn*": "tumult/roar/noise"
}
}
56 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.56",
"source": "כִּי֩ בָ֨א עָלֶ֤יהָ עַל־בָּבֶל֙ שׁוֹדֵ֔ד וְנִלְכְּדוּ֙ גִּבּוֹרֶ֔יהָ חִתְּתָ֖ה קַשְּׁתוֹתָ֑ם כִּ֣י אֵ֧ל גְּמֻל֛וֹת יְהוָ֖ה שַׁלֵּ֥ם יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃",
"text": "*kî* *ḇāʾ* *ʿālêhā* *ʿal*-*bāḇel* *šôdēd* *wənilkədû* *gibbôrêhā* *ḥittətāh* *qaššətôtām* *kî* *ʾēl* *gəmulôt* *YHWH* *šallēm* *yəšallēm*",
"grammar": {
"*kî*": "conjunction - because/for",
"*ḇāʾ*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - has come",
"*ʿālêhā*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - upon her",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/against",
"*bāḇel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*šôdēd*": "Qal participle masculine singular - destroyer/ravager",
"*wənilkədû*": "conjunction + Niphal perfect 3rd person common plural - and are captured",
"*gibbôrêhā*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her mighty men",
"*ḥittətāh*": "Piel perfect 3rd person feminine singular - are broken/shattered",
"*qaššətôtām*": "feminine plural noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their bows",
"*kî*": "conjunction - because/for",
"*ʾēl*": "masculine singular noun - God of",
"*gəmulôt*": "feminine plural noun - recompenses/retributions",
"*YHWH*": "divine name",
"*šallēm*": "Piel infinitive absolute - repaying",
"*yəšallēm*": "Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he will surely repay"
},
"variants": {
"*šôdēd*": "destroyer/ravager/plunderer",
"*gibbôrêhā*": "mighty men/warriors/heroes",
"*ḥittətāh*": "broken/shattered/dismayed",
"*ʾēl*": "God/mighty one",
"*gəmulôt*": "recompenses/retributions/rewards",
"*šallēm yəšallēm*": "will surely repay/will definitely recompense"
}
}
57 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.57",
"source": "וְ֠הִשְׁכַּרְתִּי שָׂרֶ֨יהָ וַחֲכָמֶ֜יהָ פַּחוֹתֶ֤יהָ וּסְגָנֶ֙יהָ֙ וְגִבּוֹרֶ֔יהָ וְיָשְׁנ֥וּ שְׁנַת־עוֹלָ֖ם וְלֹ֣א יָקִ֑יצוּ נְאֻ֨ם־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁמֽוֹ׃ ס",
"text": "*wəhiškartî* *śārêhā* *waḥăḵāmêhā* *paḥôtêhā* *ûsəḡānêhā* *wəḡibbôrêhā* *wəyāšnû* *šənat*-*ʿôlām* *wəlōʾ* *yāqîṣû* *nəʾum*-*hammelek* *YHWH* *ṣəḇāʾôt* *šəmô*",
"grammar": {
"*wəhiškartî*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect 1st person singular - and I will make drunk",
"*śārêhā*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her princes/officials",
"*waḥăḵāmêhā*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - and her wise men",
"*paḥôtêhā*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her governors",
"*ûsəḡānêhā*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - and her officials/rulers",
"*wəḡibbôrêhā*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - and her mighty men",
"*wəyāšnû*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - and they shall sleep",
"*šənat*": "construct state - sleep of",
"*ʿôlām*": "masculine singular noun - everlasting/perpetuity",
"*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not",
"*yāqîṣû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they shall awake",
"*nəʾum*": "construct state - declaration of",
"*hammelek*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the King",
"*YHWH*": "divine name",
"*ṣəḇāʾôt*": "feminine plural noun - hosts/armies",
"*šəmô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his name"
},
"variants": {
"*hiškartî*": "make drunk/intoxicate",
"*śārêhā*": "princes/officials/chiefs",
"*ḥăḵāmêhā*": "wise men/sages/counselors",
"*paḥôtêhā*": "governors/deputies/provincial rulers",
"*səḡānêhā*": "officials/rulers/prefects",
"*gibbôrêhā*": "mighty men/warriors/heroes",
"*šənat*-*ʿôlām*": "perpetual sleep/eternal sleep",
"*yāqîṣû*": "awake/wake up/arise"
}
}
58 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.58",
"source": "כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֗וֹת חֹ֠מוֹת בָּבֶ֤ל הָֽרְחָבָה֙ עַרְעֵ֣ר תִּתְעַרְעָ֔ר וּשְׁעָרֶ֥יהָ הַגְּבֹהִ֖ים בָּאֵ֣שׁ יִצַּ֑תּוּ וְיִֽגְע֨וּ עַמִּ֧ים בְּדֵי־רִ֛יק וּלְאֻמִּ֥ים בְּדֵי־אֵ֖שׁ וְיָעֵֽפוּ׃ ס",
"text": "*kōh*-*ʾāmar* *YHWH* *ṣəḇāʾôt* *ḥōmôt* *bāḇel* *hārəḥāḇāh* *ʿarʿēr* *titʿarʿār* *ûšəʿārêhā* *haggəḇōhîm* *bāʾēš* *yiṣṣattû* *wəyîḡəʿû* *ʿammîm* *bədê*-*rîq* *ûləʾummîm* *bədê*-*ʾēš* *wəyāʿēpû*",
"grammar": {
"*kōh*": "adverb - thus",
"*ʾāmar*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - says/has said",
"*YHWH*": "divine name",
"*ṣəḇāʾôt*": "feminine plural noun - hosts/armies",
"*ḥōmôt*": "feminine plural construct - walls of",
"*bāḇel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*hārəḥāḇāh*": "definite article + adjective feminine singular - the broad/wide",
"*ʿarʿēr*": "infinitive absolute - utterly",
"*titʿarʿār*": "Pilpel imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - will be laid bare/stripped",
"*ûšəʿārêhā*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - and her gates",
"*haggəḇōhîm*": "definite article + masculine plural adjective - the high/lofty",
"*bāʾēš*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - with fire",
"*yiṣṣattû*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - will be set on fire/burned",
"*wəyîḡəʿû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they will toil/labor",
"*ʿammîm*": "masculine plural noun - peoples",
"*bədê*": "preposition + construct - for/in emptiness of",
"*rîq*": "masculine singular noun - emptiness/vanity",
"*ûləʾummîm*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun - and nations",
"*bədê*": "preposition + construct - for/in",
"*ʾēš*": "feminine singular noun - fire",
"*wəyāʿēpû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they will be weary/exhausted"
},
"variants": {
"*hārəḥāḇāh*": "the broad/the wide/the thick",
"*ʿarʿēr titʿarʿār*": "will be completely laid bare/will be utterly demolished",
"*yiṣṣattû*": "will be set on fire/will be burned/will be kindled",
"*yîḡəʿû*": "will toil/will labor/will strive",
"*bədê*-*rîq*": "for emptiness/for nothing/in vain",
"*bədê*-*ʾēš*": "for fire/just to be burned up",
"*yāʿēpû*": "will be weary/will be exhausted/will faint"
}
}
59 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.59",
"source": "הַדָּבָ֞ר אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֣ה ׀ יִרְמְיָ֣הוּ הַנָּבִ֗יא אֶת־שְׂרָיָ֣ה בֶן־נֵרִיָּה֮ בֶּן־מַחְסֵיָה֒ בְּלֶכְתּ֞וֹ אֶת־צִדְקִיָּ֤הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָה֙ בָּבֶ֔ל בִּשְׁנַ֥ת הָרְבִעִ֖ית לְמָלְכ֑וֹ וּשְׂרָיָ֖ה שַׂ֥ר מְנוּחָֽה׃",
"text": "*haddāḇār* *ʾăšer*-*ṣiwwāh* *yirmiyāhû* *hannāḇî* *ʾet*-*śərāyāh* *ben*-*nēriyyāh* *ben*-*maḥsēyāh* *bəlektô* *ʾet*-*ṣidqiyyāhû* *melek*-*yəhûdāh* *bāḇel* *bišnat* *hārəḇiʿît* *ləmālḵô* *ûśərāyāh* *śar* *mənûḥāh*",
"grammar": {
"*haddāḇār*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the word",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*ṣiwwāh*": "Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular - commanded",
"*yirmiyāhû*": "proper noun - Jeremiah",
"*hannāḇî*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the prophet",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*śərāyāh*": "proper noun - Seraiah",
"*ben*": "masculine singular construct - son of",
"*nēriyyāh*": "proper noun - Neriah",
"*ben*": "masculine singular construct - son of",
"*maḥsēyāh*": "proper noun - Mahseiah",
"*bəlektô*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - when he went",
"*ʾet*": "preposition with - with",
"*ṣidqiyyāhû*": "proper noun - Zedekiah",
"*melek*": "masculine singular construct - king of",
"*yəhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah",
"*bāḇel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*bišnat*": "preposition + construct state - in year of",
"*hārəḇiʿît*": "definite article + ordinal number feminine singular - the fourth",
"*ləmālḵô*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - of his reign",
"*ûśərāyāh*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Seraiah",
"*śar*": "masculine singular construct - officer/prince of",
"*mənûḥāh*": "feminine singular noun - rest/quiet"
},
"variants": {
"*śar* *mənûḥāh*": "quartermaster/chief chamberlain/officer of rest"
}
}
60 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.60",
"source": "וַיִּכְתֹּ֣ב יִרְמְיָ֗הוּ אֵ֧ת כָּל־הָרָעָ֛ה אֲשֶׁר־תָּב֥וֹא אֶל־בָּבֶ֖ל אֶל־סֵ֣פֶר אֶחָ֑ד אֵ֚ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה הַכְּתֻבִ֖ים אֶל־בָּבֶֽל׃",
"text": "*wayyiḵtōḇ* *yirmiyāhû* *ʾēt* *kol*-*hārāʿāh* *ʾăšer*-*tāḇôʾ* *ʾel*-*bāḇel* *ʾel*-*sēper* *ʾeḥād* *ʾēt* *kol*-*haddəḇārîm* *hāʾēlleh* *hakkətuḇîm* *ʾel*-*bāḇel*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyiḵtōḇ*": "Waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he wrote",
"*yirmiyāhû*": "proper noun - Jeremiah",
"*ʾēt*": "direct object marker",
"*kol*": "masculine singular construct - all of",
"*hārāʿāh*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the disaster/evil",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*tāḇôʾ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - would come",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - against/to",
"*bāḇel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - on/into",
"*sēper*": "masculine singular noun - scroll/book",
"*ʾeḥād*": "cardinal number - one",
"*ʾēt*": "direct object marker",
"*kol*": "masculine singular construct - all of",
"*haddəḇārîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the words",
"*hāʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun common plural - these",
"*hakkətuḇîm*": "definite article + Qal passive participle masculine plural - the (ones) written",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - against/concerning",
"*bāḇel*": "proper noun - Babylon"
},
"variants": {
"*hārāʿāh*": "the disaster/the evil/the calamity",
"*sēper*": "scroll/book/document"
}
}
61 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.61",
"source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ אֶל־שְׂרָיָ֑ה כְּבֹאֲךָ֣ בָבֶ֔ל וְֽרָאִ֔יתָ וְֽקָרָ֔אתָ אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃",
"text": "*wayyōʾmer* *yirmiyāhû* *ʾel*-*śərāyāh* *kəḇōʾăḵā* *ḇāḇel* *wərāʾîtā* *wəqārāʾtā* *ʾēt* *kol*-*haddəḇārîm* *hāʾēlleh*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "Waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he said",
"*yirmiyāhû*": "proper noun - Jeremiah",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to",
"*śərāyāh*": "proper noun - Seraiah",
"*kəḇōʾăḵā*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - when you come to",
"*ḇāḇel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*wərāʾîtā*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - then you shall see",
"*wəqārāʾtā*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - and you shall read",
"*ʾēt*": "direct object marker",
"*kol*": "masculine singular construct - all of",
"*haddəḇārîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the words",
"*hāʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun common plural - these"
},
"variants": {
"*wərāʾîtā*": "then you shall see/and make sure/and observe",
"*wəqārāʾtā*": "and you shall read aloud/and you shall proclaim"
}
}
62 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.62",
"source": "וְאָמַרְתָּ֗ יְהוָה֙ אַתָּ֨ה דִבַּ֜רְתָּ אֶל־הַמָּק֤וֹם הַזֶּה֙ לְהַכְרִית֔וֹ לְבִלְתִּ֤י הֱיֽוֹת־בּוֹ֙ יוֹשֵׁ֔ב לְמֵאָדָ֖ם וְעַד־בְּהֵמָ֑ה כִּֽי־שִׁמְמ֥וֹת עוֹלָ֖ם תִּֽהְיֶֽה׃",
"text": "*wəʾāmartā* *YHWH* *ʾattāh* *dibbartā* *ʾel*-*hammāqôm* *hazzeh* *ləhaḵrîtô* *ləḇiltî* *hĕyôt*-*bô* *yôšēḇ* *lēmēʾādām* *wəʿad*-*bəhēmāh* *kî*-*šimămôt* *ʿôlām* *tihyeh*",
"grammar": {
"*wəʾāmartā*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - and you shall say",
"*YHWH*": "divine name",
"*ʾattāh*": "2nd person masculine singular pronoun - you",
"*dibbartā*": "Piel perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you have spoken",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - concerning",
"*hammāqôm*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the place",
"*hazzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun masculine singular - this",
"*ləhaḵrîtô*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to cut it off",
"*ləḇiltî*": "preposition + negative particle - so that not",
"*hĕyôt*": "Qal infinitive construct - being",
"*bô*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in it",
"*yôšēḇ*": "Qal participle masculine singular - one dwelling/inhabitant",
"*lēmēʾādām*": "preposition + preposition + masculine singular noun - from man",
"*wəʿad*": "conjunction + preposition - and unto",
"*bəhēmāh*": "feminine singular noun - beast/cattle",
"*kî*": "conjunction - but/for/that",
"*šimămôt*": "feminine plural noun - desolations",
"*ʿôlām*": "masculine singular noun - perpetuity/forever",
"*tihyeh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - it will be"
},
"variants": {
"*dibbartā*": "you have spoken/you have declared",
"*ləhaḵrîtô*": "to cut it off/to destroy it/to bring it to an end",
"*yôšēḇ*": "one dwelling/inhabitant/resident",
"*šimămôt* *ʿôlām*": "perpetual desolations/everlasting wastes"
}
}
63 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.63",
"source": "וְהָיָה֙ כְּכַלֹּ֣תְךָ֔ לִקְרֹ֖א אֶת־הַסֵּ֣פֶר הַזֶּ֑ה תִּקְשֹׁ֤ר עָלָיו֙ אֶ֔בֶן וְהִשְׁלַכְתּ֖וֹ אֶל־תּ֥וֹךְ פְּרָֽת׃",
"text": "*wəhāyāh* *kəḵallōtəḵā* *liqrōʾ* *ʾet*-*hassēper* *hazzeh* *tiqšōr* *ʿālāyw* *ʾeḇen* *wəhišlaḵtô* *ʾel*-*tôḵ* *pərāt*",
"grammar": {
"*wəhāyāh*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and it shall be",
"*kəḵallōtəḵā*": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - when you finish",
"*liqrōʾ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - reading",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*hassēper*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the scroll/book",
"*hazzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun masculine singular - this",
"*tiqšōr*": "Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you shall bind",
"*ʿālāyw*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to it",
"*ʾeḇen*": "feminine singular noun - stone",
"*wəhišlaḵtô*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect 2nd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and you shall throw it",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - into",
"*tôḵ*": "masculine singular construct - middle of",
"*pərāt*": "proper noun - Euphrates"
},
"variants": {
"*kəḵallōtəḵā*": "when you finish/when you complete",
"*tiqšōr*": "you shall bind/you shall tie"
}
}
64 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.51.64",
"source": "וְאָמַרְתָּ֗ כָּ֠כָה תִּשְׁקַ֨ע בָּבֶ֤ל וְלֹֽא־תָקוּם֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י הָרָעָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָנֹכִ֛י מֵבִ֥יא עָלֶ֖יהָ וְיָעֵ֑פוּ עַד־הֵ֖נָּה דִּבְרֵ֥י יִרְמְיָֽהוּ׃ ס",
"text": "*wəʾāmartā* *kāḵāh* *tišqaʿ* *bāḇel* *wəlōʾ*-*tāqûm* *mippənê* *hārāʿāh* *ʾăšer* *ʾānōḵî* *mēḇîʾ* *ʿālêhā* *wəyāʿēpû* *ʿad*-*hēnnāh* *diḇrê* *yirmiyāhû*",
"grammar": {
"*wəʾāmartā*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - and you shall say",
"*kāḵāh*": "adverb - thus",
"*tišqaʿ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - will sink",
"*bāḇel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not",
"*tāqûm*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - will rise",
"*mippənê*": "preposition + construct - from the face of/because of",
"*hārāʿāh*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the disaster/evil",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*ʾānōḵî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I",
"*mēḇîʾ*": "Hiphil participle masculine singular - am bringing",
"*ʿālêhā*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - upon her",
"*wəyāʿēpû*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - and they will be weary/exhausted",
"*ʿad*": "preposition - until",
"*hēnnāh*": "adverb - here/thus far",
"*diḇrê*": "masculine plural construct - words of",
"*yirmiyāhû*": "proper noun - Jeremiah"
},
"variants": {
"*tišqaʿ*": "will sink/will drown",
"*tāqûm*": "will rise/will recover",
"*hārāʿāh*": "the disaster/the evil/the calamity",
"*mēḇîʾ*": "am bringing/will bring",
"*wəyāʿēpû*": "and they will be weary/they will faint",
"*ʿad*-*hēnnāh*": "thus far/to this point"
}
}