Isaiah 47:1

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.47.1", "source": "רְדִ֣י ׀ וּשְׁבִ֣י עַל־עָפָ֗ר בְּתוּלַת֙ בַּת־בָּבֶ֔ל שְׁבִי־לָאָ֥רֶץ אֵין־כִּסֵּ֖א בַּת־כַּשְׂדִּ֑ים כִּ֣י לֹ֤א תוֹסִ֙יפִי֙ יִקְרְאוּ־לָ֔ךְ רַכָּ֖ה וַעֲנֻגָּֽה׃", "text": "*rəḏî* and-*ūšəḇî* upon-*ʿāp̄ār* *bəṯūlaṯ* *baṯ-bāḇel* *šəḇî*-to-the-*ʾāreṣ* without-*kissēʾ* *baṯ-kaśdîm* for not *ṯôsîp̄î* *yiqrəʾū*-to-you *rakkâ* and-*ʿănuggâ*.", "grammar": { "*rəḏî*": "imperative, feminine singular - come down/descend", "*ūšəḇî*": "conjunction wə- + imperative, feminine singular - and sit", "*ʿāp̄ār*": "masculine singular - dust/ground", "*bəṯūlaṯ*": "construct form, feminine singular - virgin of", "*baṯ-bāḇel*": "construct chain - daughter of Babylon", "*šəḇî*": "imperative, feminine singular - sit", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular - earth/ground", "*kissēʾ*": "masculine singular - throne/seat", "*baṯ-kaśdîm*": "construct chain - daughter of Chaldeans", "*ṯôsîp̄î*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you will add/continue", "*yiqrəʾū*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person plural - they will call", "*rakkâ*": "feminine singular adjective - tender/delicate", "*ʿănuggâ*": "feminine singular adjective - luxurious/dainty" }, "variants": { "*rəḏî*": "come down/descend/go down", "*ʿāp̄ār*": "dust/dirt/soil/ground", "*bəṯūlaṯ*": "virgin/maiden", "*baṯ-bāḇel*": "daughter of Babylon/virgin of Babylon", "*baṯ-kaśdîm*": "daughter of Chaldeans/virgin of Chaldea", "*rakkâ*": "tender/delicate/soft", "*ʿănuggâ*": "luxurious/dainty/pampered" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

רְדִ֣י ׀ וּשְׁבִ֣י עַל־עָפָ֗ר בְּתוּלַת֙ בַּת־בָּבֶ֔ל שְׁבִי־לָאָ֥רֶץ אֵין־כִּסֵּ֖א בַּת־כַּשְׂדִּ֑ים כִּ֣י לֹ֤א תוֹסִ֙יפִי֙ יִקְרְאוּ־לָ֔ךְ רַכָּ֖ה וַעֲנֻגָּֽה׃

Transliteration

rəḏî and-ūšəḇî upon-ʿāp̄ār bəṯūlaṯ baṯ-bāḇel šəḇî-to-the-ʾāreṣ without-kissēʾ baṯ-kaśdîm for not ṯôsîp̄î yiqrəʾū-to-you rakkâ and-ʿănuggâ.

Grammar Details

• *rəḏî*: imperative, feminine singular - come down/descend
• *ūšəḇî*: conjunction wə- + imperative, feminine singular - and sit
• *ʿāp̄ār*: masculine singular - dust/ground
• *bəṯūlaṯ*: construct form, feminine singular - virgin of
• *baṯ-bāḇel*: construct chain - daughter of Babylon
• *šəḇî*: imperative, feminine singular - sit
• *ʾāreṣ*: feminine singular - earth/ground
• *kissēʾ*: masculine singular - throne/seat
• *baṯ-kaśdîm*: construct chain - daughter of Chaldeans
• *ṯôsîp̄î*: hiphil imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you will add/continue
• *yiqrəʾū*: qal imperfect, 3rd person plural - they will call
• *rakkâ*: feminine singular adjective - tender/delicate
• *ʿănuggâ*: feminine singular adjective - luxurious/dainty

Word Meanings

• *rəḏî*: come down/descend/go down
• *ʿāp̄ār*: dust/dirt/soil/ground
• *bəṯūlaṯ*: virgin/maiden
• *baṯ-bāḇel*: daughter of Babylon/virgin of Babylon
• *baṯ-kaśdîm*: daughter of Chaldeans/virgin of Chaldea
• *rakkâ*: tender/delicate/soft
• *ʿănuggâ*: luxurious/dainty/pampered

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Come down and sit in the dust, O virgin daughter of Babylon. Sit on the ground without a throne, O daughter of the Chaldeans, for you will no longer be called tender and delicate.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Come down, and sit in the dust, O virgin daughter of Babylon, sit on the ground: there is no throne, O daughter of the Chaldeans: for thou shalt no more be called tender and delicate.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  Come down and sit in the dust, O virgin daughter of Babylon; sit on the ground. There is no throne, O daughter of the Chaldeans, for you shall no more be called tender and delicate.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Come down, and sit in the dust, O virgin daughter of Babylon, sit on the ground: there is no throne, O daughter of the Chaldeans: for thou shalt no more be called tender and delicate.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  Come down,{H3381} and sit{H3427} in the dust,{H6083} O virgin{H1330} daughter{H1323} of Babylon;{H894} sit{H3427} on the ground{H776} without a throne,{H3678} O daughter{H1323} of the Chaldeans:{H3778} for thou shalt no more{H3254} be called{H7121} tender{H7390} and delicate.{H6028}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  Come down{H3381}{(H8798)}, and sit{H3427}{(H8798)} in the dust{H6083}, O virgin{H1330} daughter{H1323} of Babylon{H894}, sit{H3427}{(H8798)} on the ground{H776}: there is no throne{H3678}, O daughter{H1323} of the Chaldeans{H3778}: for thou shalt no more{H3254}{(H8686)} be called{H7121}{(H8799)} tender{H7390} and delicate{H6028}.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  But as for the (O doughter, thou virgin Babilon) thou shalt syt in the dust. Thou shalt syt vpon the groude, and not in a trone (o thou mayden of Chaldea). Thou shalt nomore be called tender, and pleasaut.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Come downe and sit in the dust: O virgine, daughter Babel, sit on the ground: there is no throne, O daughter of the Chaldeans: for thou shalt no more be called, Tender and delicate.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  But as for thee O daughter, thou virgin Babylon, sit thou downe in the dust, sit vpo the ground, there is no throne O thou daughter of Caldea, for thou shalt no more be called tender and pleasaunt.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  ¶ Come down, and sit in the dust, O virgin daughter of Babylon, sit on the ground: [there is] no throne, O daughter of the Chaldeans: for thou shalt no more be called tender and delicate.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Come down, and sit in the dust, virgin daughter of Babylon; sit on the ground without a throne, daughter of the Chaldeans: for you shall no more be called tender and delicate.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  Come down, and sit on the dust, O virgin daughter of Babylon, Sit on the earth, there is no throne, O daughter of the Chaldeans, For no more do they cry to thee, `O tender and delicate one.'

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Come down, and sit in the dust, O virgin daughter of Babylon; sit on the ground without a throne, O daughter of the Chaldeans: for thou shalt no more be called tender and delicate.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Come down, and sit in the dust, O virgin daughter of Babylon; sit on the ground without a throne, O daughter of the Chaldeans: for thou shalt no more be called tender and delicate.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Come and take your seat in the dust, O virgin daughter of Babylon; come down from your seat of power, and take your place on the earth, O daughter of the Chaldaeans: for you will never again seem soft and delicate.

• World English Bible (2000)

  "Come down, and sit in the dust, virgin daughter of Babylon; sit on the ground without a throne, daughter of the Chaldeans: for you shall no more be called tender and delicate.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Babylon Will Fall“Fall down! Sit in the dirt, O virgin daughter Babylon! Sit on the ground, not on a throne, O daughter of the Babylonians! Indeed, you will no longer be called delicate and pampered.

Referenced Verses

• Ps 137:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Psalms.137.8", "source": "בַּת־בָּבֶ֗ל הַשְּׁד֫וּדָ֥ה אַשְׁרֵ֥י שֶׁיְשַׁלֶּם־לָ֑ךְ אֶת־גְּ֝מוּלֵ֗ךְ שֶׁגָּמַ֥לְתְּ לָֽנוּ׃", "text": "*bat*-*Bābel* *haššᵉdūdāh* *ʾašrē* *šeyyᵉšallem*-to you *ʾet*-*gᵉmūlēk* *šeggāmalt* to us", "grammar": { "*bat*": "feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*Bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*haššᵉdūdāh*": "definite article + Qal passive participle, feminine singular - the devastated one", "*ʾašrē*": "masculine plural construct - happy/blessed", "*šeyyᵉšallem*": "relative particle + Piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - who will repay", "*gᵉmūlēk*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your recompense", "*šeggāmalt*": "relative particle + Qal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - which you dealt" }, "variants": { "*bat*-*Bābel*": "daughter of Babylon/Babylon personified", "*haššᵉdūdāh*": "the devastated one/the one to be destroyed/doomed to destruction", "*ʾašrē*": "blessed/happy/fortunate", "*šeyyᵉšallem*": "who repays/the one who will repay", "*gᵉmūlēk*": "your recompense/what you deserve/your deeds", "*šeggāmalt*": "that you dealt/that you did/as you served" } }
• Zech 2:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Zechariah.2.7", "source": "וְהִנֵּ֗ה הַמַּלְאָ֛ךְ הַדֹּבֵ֥ר בִּ֖י יֹצֵ֑א וּמַלְאָ֣ךְ אַחֵ֔ר יֹצֵ֖א לִקְרָאתֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wəhinnēh* *hammalʾāḵ* *haddōbēr* in me *yōṣēʾ* and *malʾāḵ* *ʾaḥēr* *yōṣēʾ* *liqrāʾtô*", "grammar": { "*wəhinnēh*": "conjunction + interjection - and behold", "*hammalʾāḵ*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the angel/messenger", "*haddōbēr*": "definite article + participle masculine singular Qal of *dābar* - the one speaking", "*yōṣēʾ*": "participle masculine singular Qal of *yāṣāʾ* - going out", "*malʾāḵ*": "noun masculine singular - angel/messenger", "*ʾaḥēr*": "adjective masculine singular - another/other", "*liqrāʾtô*": "preposition + infinitive construct Qal of *qārāʾ* + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to meet him" }, "variants": { "*liqrāʾtô*": "to meet him/to encounter him/to approach him" } }
• Jer 51:33 : 33 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.51.33", "source": "כִּי֩ כֹ֨ה אָמַ֜ר יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בַּת־בָּבֶ֕ל כְּגֹ֖רֶן עֵ֣ת הִדְרִיכָ֑הּ ע֣וֹד מְעַ֔ט וּבָ֥אָה עֵֽת־הַקָּצִ֖יר לָֽהּ׃", "text": "For thus *'amar YHWH tseba'ot 'elohey Yisra'el*: *bat-Babel ke-goren 'et hidrikah*; yet *me'at* and shall come *'et-ha-qatsir* for her.", "grammar": { "*ki*": "conjunction - for/because", "*koh*": "adverb - thus/so", "*'amar*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he says", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Divine Name", "*tseba'ot*": "noun, feminine plural - hosts/armies", "*'elohey*": "noun, masculine plural construct - God of", "*Yisra'el*": "proper noun - Israel", "*bat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*Babel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*ke-goren*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - like a threshing floor", "*'et*": "noun, feminine singular construct - time of", "*hidrikah*": "verb, Hiphil infinitive construct + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its treading/threshing", "*'od*": "adverb - yet/still", "*me'at*": "adjective, masculine singular - little/few", "*u-va'ah*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - and it comes", "*'et*": "noun, feminine singular construct - time of", "*ha-qatsir*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the harvest", "*lah*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - for her" }, "variants": { "*YHWH tseba'ot*": "LORD of hosts/LORD of armies", "*bat-Babel*": "daughter of Babylon", "*goren*": "threshing floor/smooth place", "*hidrik*": "tread down/thresh", "*me'at*": "little while/short time", "*'et-ha-qatsir*": "time of harvest/harvest season" } }
• Isa 3:26 : 26 { "verseID": "Isaiah.3.26", "source": "וְאָנ֥וּ וְאָבְל֖וּ פְּתָחֶ֑יהָ וְנִקָּ֖תָה לָאָ֥רֶץ תֵּשֵֽׁב", "text": "And-*ʾānû* and-*ʾābəlû* *pətāḥêhā*; and-*niqqātāh* to-the-*ʾāreṣ* *tēšēb*", "grammar": { "*wəʾānû*": "conjunction with Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - and they will mourn", "*wəʾābəlû*": "conjunction with Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - and they will lament", "*pətāḥêhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her gates/entrances", "*wəniqqātāh*": "conjunction with Niphal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - and she will be emptied/cleansed", "*lāʾāreṣ*": "preposition with definite noun, feminine singular - to the ground", "*tēšēb*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she will sit" }, "variants": { "*ʾānāh*": "mourn/lament/grieve", "*ʾābal*": "lament/mourn/bewail", "*petaḥ*": "gate/entrance/doorway", "*nāqāh*": "be emptied/cleansed/purged", "*ʾereṣ*": "ground/earth/land", "*yāšab*": "sit/dwell/remain" } }
• Jer 46:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.46.11", "source": "עֲלִ֤י גִלְעָד֙ וּקְחִ֣י צֳרִ֔י בְּתוּלַ֖ת בַּת־מִצְרָ֑יִם לַשָּׁוְא֙ *הרביתי **הִרְבֵּ֣ית רְפֻא֔וֹת תְּעָלָ֖ה אֵ֥ין לָֽךְ׃", "text": "*ʿălî* *Gilʿād* *û*-*qəḥî* *ṣŏrî*, *bətûlat* *bat*-*Miṣrāyim*; *la*-*ššāwəʾ* *hirbêt* *rəpuʾôt*, *təʿālāh* *ʾên* for-*lāḵ*.", "grammar": { "*ʿălî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - go up", "*Gilʿād*": "proper name - Gilead", "*û*-*qəḥî*": "conjunction + qal imperative, feminine singular - and take", "*ṣŏrî*": "noun, masculine singular - balm", "*bətûlat*": "noun, feminine singular, construct state - virgin of", "*bat*": "noun, feminine singular, construct state - daughter of", "*Miṣrāyim*": "proper name - Egypt", "*la*-*ššāwəʾ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with definite article - in vain", "*hirbêt*": "hiphil perfect, 2nd feminine singular - you have multiplied", "*rəpuʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural - medicines/remedies", "*təʿālāh*": "noun, feminine singular - healing/recovery", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is no", "*lāḵ*": "preposition with 2nd feminine singular suffix - for you" }, "variants": { "*ʿălî*": "go up/ascend", "*ṣŏrî*": "balm/healing resin", "*bətûlat*": "virgin/maiden", "*hirbêt*": "you have multiplied/increased/used many", "*rəpuʾôt*": "medicines/remedies/cures", "*təʿālāh*": "healing/recovery/bandage" } }
• Jer 50:42 : 42 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.42", "source": "קֶ֣שֶׁת וְכִידֹ֞ן יַחֲזִ֗יקוּ אַכְזָרִ֥י הֵ֙מָּה֙ וְלֹ֣א יְרַחֵ֔מוּ קוֹלָם֙ כַּיָּ֣ם יֶהֱמֶ֔ה וְעַל־סוּסִ֖ים יִרְכָּ֑בוּ עָר֗וּךְ כְּאִישׁ֙ לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה עָלַ֖יִךְ בַּת־בָּבֶֽל׃", "text": "*qešet* and-*kîdōn* *yaḥăzîqû*, *ʾakzārî* *hēmmâ* and-not *yĕraḥēmû*; *qôlām* like-*hayyām* *yehĕmeh*, and-upon-*sûsîm* *yirkābû*, *ʿārûk* like-*ʾîš* for-*hammilḥāmâ* against-you, *bat*-*bābel*.", "grammar": { "*qešet*": "feminine singular noun - bow", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*kîdōn*": "masculine singular noun - javelin/spear", "*yaḥăzîqû*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will grasp firmly", "*ʾakzārî*": "adjective, masculine singular - cruel/fierce", "*hēmmâ*": "3rd masculine plural pronoun - they", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yĕraḥēmû*": "Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will show mercy", "*qôlām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their voice", "*ka*": "preposition - like/as", "*hayyām*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the sea", "*yehĕmeh*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it roars", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/on", "*sûsîm*": "masculine plural noun - horses", "*yirkābû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will ride", "*ʿārûk*": "Qal passive participle, masculine singular - arranged/prepared", "*kĕ*": "preposition - like/as", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man", "*la*": "preposition - for", "*hammilḥāmâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the battle/war", "*ʿālayik*": "preposition with 2nd feminine singular suffix - against you", "*bat*": "feminine singular noun, construct - daughter of", "*bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon" }, "variants": { "*qešet*": "bow/archer", "*kîdōn*": "javelin/spear/lance", "*yaḥăzîqû*": "will grasp firmly/wield/hold", "*ʾakzārî*": "cruel/fierce/merciless", "*yĕraḥēmû*": "will show mercy/have compassion", "*qôlām*": "their voice/sound", "*yehĕmeh*": "roars/makes noise/is tumultuous", "*yirkābû*": "will ride/mount", "*ʿārûk*": "arranged/prepared/drawn up in battle array", "*bat-bābel*": "daughter of Babylon (personification of Babylon)" } }
• Jer 48:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.18", "source": "רְדִ֤י מִכָּבוֹד֙ *ישבי **וּשְׁבִ֣י בַצָּמָ֔א יֹשֶׁ֖בֶת בַּת־דִּיב֑וֹן כִּֽי־שֹׁדֵ֤ד מוֹאָב֙ עָ֣לָה בָ֔ךְ שִׁחֵ֖ת מִבְצָרָֽיִךְ׃", "text": "*rᵉḏî* from *kāḇôḏ* and *ûšᵉḇî* in the *baṣṣāmāʾ* [thirst], *yōšeḇeṯ* *baṯ*-*Dîḇôn*, for *šōḏēḏ* *Môʾāḇ* *ʿālāh* against you, *šiḥēṯ* your *miḇṣārāyiḵ* [fortresses].", "grammar": { "*rᵉḏî*": "Qal imperative feminine singular - 'come down/descend'", "*mi-kāḇôḏ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'from glory'", "*û-šᵉḇî*": "conjunction + Qal imperative feminine singular - 'and sit/dwell'", "*ba-ṣṣāmāʾ*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine singular - 'in the thirst'", "*yōšeḇeṯ*": "Qal participle feminine singular construct - 'inhabitant of/dweller of'", "*baṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - 'daughter of'", "*Dîḇôn*": "proper noun - 'Dibon'", "*kî*": "conjunction - 'for/because'", "*šōḏēḏ*": "Qal participle masculine singular construct - 'destroyer of'", "*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - 'Moab'", "*ʿālāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'he has come up'", "*ḇāḵ*": "preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - 'against you'", "*šiḥēṯ*": "Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'he has destroyed'", "*miḇṣārāyiḵ*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd feminine singular suffix - 'your fortresses'" }, "variants": { "*rᵉḏî mikāḇôḏ*": "come down from glory/descend from honor", "*šᵉḇî baṣṣāmāʾ*": "sit in thirst/dwell in thirst", "*yōšeḇeṯ baṯ-Dîḇôn*": "inhabitant of daughter of Dibon/dweller of the daughter Dibon", "*šōḏēḏ*": "destroyer/plunderer/ravager", "*ʿālāh*": "come up/ascended/attacked", "*šiḥēṯ*": "destroyed/ruined", "*miḇṣārāyiḵ*": "your fortresses/your strongholds" } }
• Isa 37:22 : 22 { "verseID": "Isaiah.37.22", "source": "זֶ֣ה הַדָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה עָלָ֑יו בָּזָ֨ה לְךָ֜ לָעֲגָ֣ה לְךָ֗ בְּתוּלַת֙ בַּת־צִיּ֔וֹן אַחֲרֶ֙יךָ֙ רֹ֣אשׁ הֵנִ֔יעָה בַּ֖ת יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃", "text": "This the-*dābār ʾăšer*-*dibber YHWH* concerning-him: *bāzâ* to-you, *lāʿăgâ* to-you *bətûlat bat*-*ṣiyyôn*, after-you *rōʾš hēnîʿâ bat yərûšālāim*.", "grammar": { "*dābār*": "noun, masculine singular - word/matter", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*dibber*": "verb, piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper name - the covenant name of God", "*bāzâ*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - she despised", "*lāʿăgâ*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - she mocked", "*bətûlat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - virgin of", "*bat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*ṣiyyôn*": "proper name - Zion", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular - head", "*hēnîʿâ*": "verb, hiphil perfect 3rd person feminine singular - she shook", "*bat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*yərûšālāim*": "proper name - Jerusalem" }, "variants": { "*dābār*": "word/matter/thing", "*dibber*": "spoke/said/declared", "*bāzâ*": "despised/scorned/held in contempt", "*lāʿăgâ*": "mocked/ridiculed/laughed at", "*bətûlat*": "virgin/maiden", "*bat*": "daughter/young woman", "*rōʾš*": "head/top", "*hēnîʿâ*": "shook/wagged/tossed" } }
• Isa 14:13-14 : 13 { "verseID": "Isaiah.14.13", "source": "וְאַתָּ֞ה אָמַ֤רְתָּ בִֽלְבָבְךָ֙ הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם אֶֽעֱלֶ֔ה מִמַּ֥עַל לְכֽוֹכְבֵי־אֵ֖ל אָרִ֣ים כִּסְאִ֑י וְאֵשֵׁ֥ב בְּהַר־מוֹעֵ֖ד בְּיַרְכְּתֵ֥י צָפֽוֹן׃", "text": "And-you *ʾāmartā* in-*lǝḇāḇǝḵā*: The-*šāmayim* *ʾeʿĕleh*, above *kôḵǝḇê*-*ʾēl* *ʾārîm* *kisʾî*; and-*ʾēšēḇ* in-*har*-*môʿēd* in-*yarḵǝtê* *ṣāp̄ôn*.", "grammar": { "*ʾāmartā*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have said", "*lǝḇāḇǝḵā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your heart", "*šāmayim*": "masculine dual noun with definite article - the heavens", "*ʾeʿĕleh*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will ascend", "*kôḵǝḇê*": "masculine plural construct - stars of", "*ʾēl*": "masculine singular noun - God/deity", "*ʾārîm*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st singular - I will raise", "*kisʾî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my throne", "*ʾēšēḇ*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will sit/dwell", "*har*": "masculine singular construct - mountain of", "*môʿēd*": "masculine singular noun - assembly/meeting", "*yarḵǝtê*": "feminine plural construct - remote parts/recesses of", "*ṣāp̄ôn*": "masculine singular noun - north/northern" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmartā*": "have said/have thought/have spoken", "*lǝḇāḇǝḵā*": "your heart/your mind/your inner self", "*ʾeʿĕleh*": "I will ascend/I will go up/I will climb", "*kôḵǝḇê*": "stars of", "*ʾēl*": "God/deity/mighty one", "*ʾārîm*": "I will raise/I will lift up/I will exalt", "*ʾēšēḇ*": "I will sit/I will dwell/I will be enthroned", "*har*-*môʿēd*": "mountain of assembly/mount of meeting/mount of congregation", "*yarḵǝtê*": "remote parts/recesses/furthest parts", "*ṣāp̄ôn*": "north/northern/north side" } } 14 { "verseID": "Isaiah.14.14", "source": "אֶעֱלֶ֖ה עַל־בָּ֣מֳתֵי עָ֑ב אֶדַּמֶּ֖ה לְעֶלְיֽוֹן׃", "text": "*ʾeʿĕleh* upon-*bāmŏtê* *ʿāḇ*; *ʾeddammeh* to-*ʿelyôn*.", "grammar": { "*ʾeʿĕleh*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will ascend", "*bāmŏtê*": "feminine plural construct - heights of", "*ʿāḇ*": "masculine singular noun - cloud/thick cloud", "*ʾeddammeh*": "hithpael imperfect, 1st singular - I will make myself like", "*ʿelyôn*": "adjective/divine title - Most High" }, "variants": { "*ʾeʿĕleh*": "I will ascend/I will go up/I will climb", "*bāmŏtê*": "heights/high places/backs", "*ʿāḇ*": "cloud/thick cloud/dark cloud", "*ʾeddammeh*": "I will make myself like/I will compare myself to/I will resemble", "*ʿelyôn*": "Most High/Highest One/Supreme" } }
• Ps 18:27 : 27 { "verseID": "Psalms.18.27", "source": "עִם־נָבָ֥ר תִּתְבָּרָ֑ר וְעִם־עִ֝קֵּ֗שׁ תִּתְפַּתָּֽל׃", "text": "With-*navar* *titbarar* and with-*iqesh* *titpatal*.", "grammar": { "*navar*": "masculine singular adjective - pure", "*titbarar*": "hitpael imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you show yourself pure", "*iqesh*": "masculine singular adjective - crooked/perverse", "*titpatal*": "hitpael imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you show yourself astute" }, "variants": { "*navar*": "pure/clean/select", "*titbarar*": "you show yourself pure/you are pure/you act purely", "*iqesh*": "crooked/perverse/twisted", "*titpatal*": "you show yourself astute/you show yourself shrewd/you deal tortuously" } }
• Ps 89:44 : 44 { "verseID": "Psalms.89.44", "source": "אַף־תָּשִׁיב צוּר חַרְבּוֹ וְלֹא הֲקֵימֹתוֹ בַּמִּלְחָמָה", "text": "Also-you-*tāšîb* *ṣûr* *ḥarbô* and-not *hăqêmōtô* in-the-*milḥāmâ*", "grammar": { "*ʾap-tāšîb*": "conjunction + verb, hiphil imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - also you turn back", "*ṣûr*": "noun construct - edge/rock of", "*ḥarbô*": "noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his sword", "*wᵉ-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*hăqêmōtô*": "verb, hiphil perfect 2nd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - you have made him stand", "*ba-mmilḥāmâ*": "preposition + definite article + noun - in the battle" }, "variants": { "*tāšîb*": "you turn back/cause to retreat", "*ṣûr ḥarbô*": "edge of his sword/rock of his sword [possibly 'sharpness']", "*hăqêmōtô*": "you have made him stand/established him", "*milḥāmâ*": "battle/war/fighting" } }
• Deut 28:56-57 : 56 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.56", "source": "הָרַכָּ֨ה בְךָ֜ וְהָעֲנֻגָּ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹא־נִסְּתָ֤ה כַף־רַגְלָהּ֙ הַצֵּ֣ג עַל־הָאָ֔רֶץ מֵהִתְעַנֵּ֖ג וּמֵרֹ֑ךְ תֵּרַ֤ע עֵינָהּ֙ בְּאִ֣ישׁ חֵיקָ֔הּ וּבִבְנָ֖הּ וּבְבִתָּֽהּ׃", "text": "The-*rakkāh* in-you and-the-*ʿănuggāh* who not-*nissĕtāh* *kap*-*raglāh* *haṣṣēg* on-the-*ʾāreṣ* from-*hithʿannēg* and-from-*rōk*, *tēraʿ* *ʿênāh* against-*ʾîš* *ḥêqāh* and-against-*bĕnāh* and-against-*bittāh*.", "grammar": { "*rakkāh*": "adjective feminine singular - tender/soft/delicate", "*ʿănuggāh*": "adjective feminine singular - dainty/delicate/luxurious", "*nissĕtāh*": "Piel perfect 3rd feminine singular - she has tried/attempted", "*kap*": "noun feminine singular construct - palm of", "*raglāh*": "noun feminine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her foot", "*haṣṣēg*": "Hiphil infinitive absolute - to place/set", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun feminine singular - earth/land/ground", "*hithʿannēg*": "Hithpael infinitive construct - to pamper oneself/be delicate", "*rōk*": "noun masculine singular - tenderness/delicacy", "*tēraʿ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - will be evil", "*ʿênāh*": "noun feminine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her eye", "*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular construct - man of", "*ḥêqāh*": "noun masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her bosom", "*bĕnāh*": "noun masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her son", "*bittāh*": "noun feminine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her daughter" }, "variants": { "*rakkāh*": "tender/soft/delicate/sensitive woman", "*ʿănuggāh*": "dainty/delicate/luxurious/refined woman", "*nissĕtāh*": "she has tried/attempted/tested/ventured", "*kap*-*raglāh* *haṣṣēg*": "to set the sole of her foot", "*hithʿannēg*": "pampering herself/being delicate/being luxurious", "*rōk*": "tenderness/delicacy/softness", "*tēraʿ* *ʿênāh*": "her eye will be evil/she will look with evil intent/she will be stingy" } } 57 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.57", "source": "וּֽבְשִׁלְיָתָ֞הּ הַיּוֹצֵ֣ת ׀ מִבֵּ֣ין רַגְלֶ֗יהָ וּבְבָנֶ֙יהָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֵּלֵ֔ד כִּֽי־תֹאכְלֵ֥ם בְּחֹֽסֶר־כֹּ֖ל בַּסָּ֑תֶר בְּמָצוֹר֙ וּבְמָצ֔וֹק אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָצִ֥יק לְךָ֛ אֹיִבְךָ֖ בִּשְׁעָרֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "And-in-*šilyātāh* the-*yôṣēt* from-between *raglêhā* and-in-*bānêhā* which *tēlēd* for-*tōʾklēm* in-*ḥōser*-*kōl* in-the-*sāter* in-*māṣôr* and-in-*māṣôq* which *yāṣîq* to-you *ʾōyibĕkā* in-*šĕʿārêkā*.", "grammar": { "*šilyātāh*": "noun feminine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her afterbirth", "*yôṣēt*": "Qal participle feminine singular - coming out/emerging", "*raglêhā*": "noun feminine dual with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her feet", "*bānêhā*": "noun masculine plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her children", "*tēlēd*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - she will bear", "*tōʾklēm*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - she will eat them", "*ḥōser*": "noun masculine singular construct - lack of", "*kōl*": "noun masculine singular - all/everything", "*sāter*": "noun masculine singular - secrecy/hiding", "*māṣôr*": "noun masculine singular - siege/distress", "*māṣôq*": "noun masculine singular - straits/distress", "*yāṣîq*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will distress/harass", "*ʾōyibĕkā*": "Qal participle masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your enemy", "*šĕʿārêkā*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your gates/cities" }, "variants": { "*šilyātāh*": "her afterbirth/placenta", "*yôṣēt*": "coming out/emerging/exiting", "*ḥōser*-*kōl*": "lack of everything/complete want/utter destitution", "*sāter*": "secrecy/hiding/concealment", "*māṣôr*": "siege/distress/constraint", "*māṣôq*": "straits/distress/anguish", "*yāṣîq*": "distress/harass/oppress", "*šĕʿārêkā*": "your gates/your cities/your towns" } }
• Job 2:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Job.2.8", "source": "וַיִּֽקַּֽח־ל֣וֹ חֶ֔רֶשׂ לְהִתְגָּרֵ֖ד בּ֑וֹ וְה֖וּא יֹשֵׁ֥ב בְּתוֹךְ־הָאֵֽפֶר׃", "text": "*wə-yiqqaḥ*-*lô ḥeres lə-hiṯgārēḏ bô wə-hûʾ yōšēḇ bə-ṯôḵ*-the-*ʾēp̄er*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yiqqaḥ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3ms - and he took", "*lô*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - for himself", "*ḥeres*": "noun masculine singular - potsherd", "*lə-hiṯgārēḏ*": "preposition + hithpael infinitive construct - to scrape himself", "*bô*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - with it", "*wə-hûʾ*": "conjunction + personal pronoun 3ms - and he", "*yōšēḇ*": "qal participle masculine singular - sitting", "*bə-ṯôḵ*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - in the midst of", "*ʾēp̄er*": "noun masculine singular - ashes" }, "variants": { "*ḥeres*": "potsherd/piece of broken pottery", "*lə-hiṯgārēḏ*": "to scrape himself/to scratch himself", "*yōšēḇ bə-ṯôḵ-ʾēp̄er*": "sitting in ashes/sitting in the dust-heap (sign of mourning)" } }
• Job 2:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Job.2.13", "source": "וַיֵּשְׁב֤וּ אִתּוֹ֙ לָאָ֔רֶץ שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֖ים וְשִׁבְעַ֣ת לֵיל֑וֹת וְאֵין־דֹּבֵ֤ר אֵלָיו֙ דָּבָ֔ר כִּ֣י רָא֔וּ כִּֽי־גָדַ֥ל הַכְּאֵ֖ב מְאֹֽד׃", "text": "*wə-yēšḇû ʾittô lā-ʾāreṣ šiḇʿaṯ yāmîm wə-šiḇʿaṯ lêlôṯ wə-ʾên*-*dōḇēr ʾēlāyw dāḇār kî rāʾû kî*-*ḡāḏal hak-kəʾēḇ məʾōḏ*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yēšḇû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3mp - and they sat", "*ʾittô*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - with him", "*lā-ʾāreṣ*": "preposition + noun feminine singular - on the ground", "*šiḇʿaṯ*": "numeral feminine singular construct - seven of", "*yāmîm*": "noun masculine plural - days", "*wə-šiḇʿaṯ*": "conjunction + numeral feminine singular construct - and seven of", "*lêlôṯ*": "noun masculine plural - nights", "*wə-ʾên*": "conjunction + particle of negation - and there was not", "*dōḇēr*": "qal participle masculine singular - one speaking", "*ʾēlāyw*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - to him", "*dāḇār*": "noun masculine singular - word", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*rāʾû*": "qal perfect 3mp - they saw", "*kî*": "conjunction - that", "*ḡāḏal*": "qal perfect 3ms - was great", "*hak-kəʾēḇ*": "article + noun masculine singular - the pain", "*məʾōḏ*": "adverb - very" }, "variants": { "*yēšḇû ʾittô lā-ʾāreṣ*": "they sat with him on the ground (sign of mourning)", "*šiḇʿaṯ yāmîm wə-šiḇʿaṯ lêlôṯ*": "seven days and seven nights (conventional mourning period)", "*ʾên-dōḇēr ʾēlāyw dāḇār*": "none spoke a word to him/silent condolence", "*ḡāḏal hak-kəʾēḇ məʾōḏ*": "the pain was very great/his suffering was exceedingly great" } }
• Isa 23:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Isaiah.23.12", "source": "וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לֹֽא־תוֹסִ֥יפִי ע֖וֹד לַעְל֑וֹז הַֽמְעֻשָּׁקָ֞ה בְּתוּלַ֣ת בַּת־צִיד֗וֹן כִּתִּים֙ ק֣וּמִי עֲבֹ֔רִי גַּם־שָׁ֖ם לֹא־יָנ֥וּחַֽ לָֽךְ׃", "text": "And-*wayyōʾmer* not-*tôsîpî* *ʿôd* *laʿlôz* *hamĕʿuššāqāh* *bĕtûlat* *bat*-*Ṣîdôn* *Kittîm* *qûmî* *ʿăbōrî* also-there not-*yānûaḥ* to-you", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*tôsîpî*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - you will continue", "*ʿôd*": "adverb - still/anymore", "*laʿlôz*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to exult/rejoice", "*hamĕʿuššāqāh*": "definite article + pual participle, feminine singular - the oppressed one", "*bĕtûlat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - virgin of", "*bat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*Ṣîdôn*": "proper noun - Sidon", "*Kittîm*": "proper noun - Kittim/Cyprus", "*qûmî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - arise", "*ʿăbōrî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - cross over", "*yānûaḥ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he/it will give rest" }, "variants": { "*tôsîpî*": "you will continue/you will add/you will do again", "*laʿlôz*": "to exult/to rejoice/to be jubilant", "*hamĕʿuššāqāh*": "the oppressed one/the violated one/the ravished one", "*bĕtûlat* *bat*-*Ṣîdôn*": "virgin daughter of Sidon/virgin of Sidon's daughter", "*qûmî* *ʿăbōrî*": "arise, cross over/get up, pass over", "*yānûaḥ*": "will give rest/will grant peace/will provide rest" } }
• Isa 26:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Isaiah.26.5", "source": "כִּ֤י הֵשַׁח֙ יֹשְׁבֵ֣י מָר֔וֹם קִרְיָ֖ה נִשְׂגָּבָ֑ה יַשְׁפִּילֶ֤נָּה יַשְׁפִּילָהּ֙ עַד־אֶ֔רֶץ יַגִּיעֶ֖נָּה עַד־עָפָֽר׃", "text": "For *hēšaḥ* *yōšbê* *mārôm*, *qiryāh* *niśgābāh*; *yašpîlennāh* *yašpîlāh* to *ʾereṣ*, *yaggîʿennāh* to *ʿāpār*.", "grammar": { "*hēšaḥ*": "hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'he has brought down'", "*yōšbê*": "qal participle masculine plural construct - 'inhabitants of'", "*mārôm*": "masculine singular noun - 'height/high place'", "*qiryāh*": "feminine singular noun - 'city'", "*niśgābāh*": "niphal participle feminine singular - 'lofty/inaccessible'", "*yašpîlennāh*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - 'he will bring her down'", "*yašpîlāh*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - 'he will bring her down'", "*ʿad-ʾereṣ*": "preposition with feminine singular noun - 'to the ground'", "*yaggîʿennāh*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - 'he will make her touch/reach'", "*ʿad-ʿāpār*": "preposition with masculine singular noun - 'to the dust'" }, "variants": { "*hēšaḥ*": "brought down/humbled/bent down", "*mārôm*": "height/high place/lofty place/heaven", "*niśgābāh*": "lofty/inaccessible/elevated/unattainable", "*yašpîl*": "bring low/humble/abase/cast down", "*yaggîʿennāh*": "make touch/reach/extend to" } }
• Isa 32:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "Isaiah.32.9", "source": "נָשִׁים֙ שַֽׁאֲנַנּ֔וֹת קֹ֖מְנָה שְׁמַ֣עְנָה קוֹלִ֑י בָּנוֹת֙ בֹּֽטח֔וֹת הַאְזֵ֖נָּה אִמְרָתִֽי׃", "text": "*nāšîm* *šaʾănannôt* *qûm* *šāmaʿ* voice-my, *bānôt* *bōṭəḥôt* *ʾāzan* *ʾimrâ*-my.", "grammar": { "*nāšîm*": "feminine plural noun - women", "*šaʾănannôt*": "adjective feminine plural - complacent, at ease", "*qûm*": "qal imperative feminine plural - rise up", "*šāmaʿ*": "qal imperative feminine plural - hear, listen", "*qôlî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my voice", "*bānôt*": "feminine plural noun - daughters", "*bōṭəḥôt*": "qal participle feminine plural - confident ones, trusting ones", "*ʾāzan*": "hiphil imperative feminine plural - give ear, listen", "*ʾimrâtî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my speech, word" }, "variants": { "*nāšîm*": "women/wives/females", "*šaʾănannôt*": "complacent ones/at ease/secure", "*qûm*": "rise up/stand/get up", "*šāmaʿ*": "hear/listen/obey", "*bānôt*": "daughters/women/female descendants", "*bōṭəḥôt*": "confident ones/trusting ones/secure ones", "*ʾāzan*": "give ear/listen attentively/pay attention", "*ʾimrâ*": "speech/word/saying" } } 10 { "verseID": "Isaiah.32.10", "source": "יָמִים֙ עַל־שָׁנָ֔ה תִּרְגַּ֖זְנָה בֹּֽטְח֑וֹת כִּ֚י כָּלָ֣ה בָצִ֔יר אֹ֖סֶף בְּלִ֥י יָבֽוֹא׃", "text": "*yāmîm* upon-*šānâ* shall-*rāgaz* *bōṭəḥôt* for *kālâ* *bāṣîr*, *ʾōsep* without shall-*bôʾ*.", "grammar": { "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural noun - days", "*šānâ*": "feminine singular noun - year", "*rāgaz*": "qal imperfect 2nd feminine plural - you will tremble, be agitated", "*bōṭəḥôt*": "qal participle feminine plural - confident ones, trusting ones", "*kālâ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - has ended, finished", "*bāṣîr*": "masculine singular noun - grape harvest, vintage", "*ʾōsep*": "masculine singular noun - ingathering, harvest", "*bôʾ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will come" }, "variants": { "*yāmîm*": "days/time/period", "*šānâ*": "year", "*rāgaz*": "to tremble/be agitated/be troubled", "*bōṭəḥôt*": "confident ones/trusting ones/secure ones", "*kālâ*": "has ended/finished/completed", "*bāṣîr*": "grape harvest/vintage/grape gathering", "*ʾōsep*": "ingathering/harvest/gathering", "*bôʾ*": "to come/enter/arrive" } } 11 { "verseID": "Isaiah.32.11", "source": "חִרְדוּ֙ שַֽׁאֲנַנּ֔וֹת רְגָ֖זָה בֹּֽטְח֑וֹת פְּשֹׁ֣טָֽה וְעֹ֔רָה וַחֲג֖וֹרָה עַל־חֲלָצָֽיִם׃", "text": "*ḥārad* *šaʾănannôt*, *rāgaz* *bōṭəḥôt*; *pāšaṭ* and-*ʿārâ* and-*ḥāgar* upon-*ḥălāṣayim*.", "grammar": { "*ḥārad*": "qal imperative feminine plural - tremble, be anxious", "*šaʾănannôt*": "adjective feminine plural - complacent, at ease", "*rāgaz*": "qal imperative feminine plural - tremble, be agitated", "*bōṭəḥôt*": "qal participle feminine plural - confident ones, trusting ones", "*pāšaṭ*": "qal imperative feminine plural - strip off", "*ʿārâ*": "qal imperative feminine plural - make bare, uncover", "*ḥāgar*": "qal imperative feminine plural - gird, put on", "*ḥălāṣayim*": "masculine dual noun - loins, waist" }, "variants": { "*ḥārad*": "tremble/be anxious/be afraid", "*šaʾănannôt*": "complacent ones/at ease/secure", "*rāgaz*": "tremble/be agitated/be troubled", "*bōṭəḥôt*": "confident ones/trusting ones/secure ones", "*pāšaṭ*": "strip off/remove/take off", "*ʿārâ*": "make bare/uncover/expose", "*ḥāgar*": "gird/put on/clothe oneself", "*ḥălāṣayim*": "loins/waist/hips" } }
• Lam 2:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Lamentations.2.10", "source": "יֵשְׁב֨וּ לָאָ֤רֶץ יִדְּמוּ֙ זִקְנֵ֣י בַת־צִיּ֔וֹן הֶֽעֱל֤וּ עָפָר֙ עַל־רֹאשָׁ֔ם חָגְר֖וּ שַׂקִּ֑ים הוֹרִ֤ידוּ לָאָ֙רֶץ֙ רֹאשָׁ֔ן בְּתוּלֹ֖ת יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃", "text": "*yēšəḇû* to-*ʾāreṣ* *yiddəmû* *ziqnê* daughter-*ṣiyyôn* *heʿĕlû* *ʿāp̄ār* on-*rōʾšām* *ḥāḡərû* *śaqqîm* *hôrîḏû* to-*ʾāreṣ* *rōʾšān* *bəṯûlōṯ* *yərûšālāim*", "grammar": { "*yēšəḇû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they sit", "*lāʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - on the ground", "*yiddəmû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they are silent", "*ziqnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - elders of", "*baṯ-ṣiyyôn*": "construct chain - daughter of Zion", "*heʿĕlû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd common plural - they have cast up", "*ʿāp̄ār*": "noun, masculine singular - dust", "*ʿal-rōʾšām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - on their heads", "*ḥāḡərû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have girded themselves with", "*śaqqîm*": "noun, masculine plural - sackcloth", "*hôrîḏû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd common plural - they have brought down", "*lāʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - to the ground", "*rōʾšān*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd feminine plural suffix - their heads", "*bəṯûlōṯ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - virgins of", "*yərûšālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem" }, "variants": { "*yēšəḇû*": "sit/dwell/remain", "*yiddəmû*": "be silent/be still/be dumb", "*heʿĕlû*": "cast up/bring up/raise", "*ʿāp̄ār*": "dust/soil/earth/ashes", "*ḥāḡərû*": "gird oneself/put on/tie around", "*śaqqîm*": "sackcloth (garment of mourning)", "*hôrîḏû*": "bring down/cause to descend/lower", "*bəṯûlōṯ*": "virgins/maidens/young unmarried women" } }
• Lam 2:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Lamentations.2.21", "source": "שָׁכְב֨וּ לָאָ֤רֶץ חוּצוֹת֙ נַ֣עַר וְזָקֵ֔ן בְּתוּלֹתַ֥י וּבַחוּרַ֖י נָפְל֣וּ בֶחָ֑רֶב הָרַגְ֙תָּ֙ בְּי֣וֹם אַפֶּ֔ךָ טָבַ֖חְתָּ לֹ֥א חָמָֽלְתָּ׃", "text": "*šāḵəḇû* to-*ʾāreṣ* *ḥûṣôṯ* *naʿar* and-*zāqēn* *bəṯûlōṯay* and-*baḥûray* *nāp̄əlû* in-*ḥāreḇ* *hāraḡtā* in-day *ʾappeḵā* *ṭāḇaḥtā* not *ḥāmāltā*", "grammar": { "*šāḵəḇû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they lie", "*lāʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - on the ground", "*ḥûṣôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural - streets", "*naʿar*": "noun, masculine singular - boy/youth", "*wəzāqēn*": "conjunction + adjective, masculine singular - and old man", "*bəṯûlōṯay*": "noun, feminine plural + 1st common singular suffix - my virgins", "*ûḇaḥûray*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural + 1st common singular suffix - and my young men", "*nāp̄əlû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have fallen", "*beḥāreḇ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - by the sword", "*hāraḡtā*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have slain", "*bəyôm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in the day of", "*ʾappeḵā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your anger", "*ṭāḇaḥtā*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have slaughtered", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ḥāmāltā*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have spared" }, "variants": { "*šāḵəḇû*": "lie down/lie prostrate", "*naʿar*": "boy/youth/young man", "*zāqēn*": "old man/elder", "*bəṯûlōṯay*": "my virgins/my maidens", "*baḥûray*": "my young men/my chosen ones", "*nāp̄əlû*": "fall/fall down/be killed", "*hāraḡtā*": "kill/slay", "*ṭāḇaḥtā*": "slaughter/butcher/kill", "*ḥāmāltā*": "spare/have compassion/show mercy" } }
• Lam 4:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Lamentations.4.5", "source": "הָאֹֽכְלִים֙ לְמַ֣עֲדַנִּ֔ים נָשַׁ֖מּוּ בַּחוּצ֑וֹת הָאֱמֻנִים֙ עֲלֵ֣י תוֹלָ֔ע חִבְּק֖וּ אַשְׁפַּתּֽוֹת׃", "text": "The *ʾōḵlîm* for *maʿăḏannîm* *nāšammû* in the *ḥûṣôt*; the *ʾĕmunîm* upon *tôlāʿ* *ḥibbəqû* *ʾašpattôt*", "grammar": { "*hā-ʾōḵlîm*": "definite masculine plural Qal participle - the ones eating", "*lə-maʿăḏannîm*": "preposition + masculine plural noun - for delicacies/dainties", "*nāšammû*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - they are desolate/devastated", "*ba-ḥûṣôt*": "preposition + definite feminine plural noun - in the streets", "*hā-ʾĕmunîm*": "definite masculine plural Qal passive participle - the ones brought up/nurtured", "*ʿălê*": "preposition - upon/on", "*tôlāʿ*": "masculine singular noun - crimson/scarlet/worm", "*ḥibbəqû*": "Piel perfect, 3rd common plural - they embrace", "*ʾašpattôt*": "feminine plural noun - refuse heaps/dunghills" }, "variants": { "*ʾōḵlîm*": "ones eating/ones consuming/ones dining", "*maʿăḏannîm*": "delicacies/dainties/luxury foods", "*nāšammû*": "are desolate/are devastated/are ruined", "*ʾĕmunîm*": "ones brought up/ones nurtured/ones reared", "*tôlāʿ*": "crimson/scarlet/purple (luxurious cloth)", "*ḥibbəqû*": "embrace/hug/cling to", "*ʾašpattôt*": "refuse heaps/dunghills/garbage piles" } }
• Ezek 26:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.26.16", "source": "וֽ͏ְיָרְד֞וּ מֵעַ֣ל כִּסְאוֹתָ֗ם כֹּ֚ל נְשִׂיאֵ֣י הַיָּ֔ם וְהֵסִ֙ירוּ֙ אֶת־מְעִ֣ילֵיהֶ֔ם וְאֶת־בִּגְדֵ֥י רִקְמָתָ֖ם יִפְשֹׁ֑טוּ חֲרָד֤וֹת ׀ יִלְבָּ֙שׁוּ֙ עַל־הָאָ֣רֶץ יֵשֵׁ֔בוּ וְחָֽרְדוּ֙ לִרְגָעִ֔ים וְשָׁמְמ֖וּ עָלָֽיִךְ׃", "text": "And *weyāredû* from upon their *kis'ôtām* all *nesî'ê* the *yām*, and *hēsîrû* their *me'îlêhem* and their *bigdê* their *riqmātām* *yiphshōtû*; *chărādôt* *yilbāshû*, upon the *'ārets* *yēshēbû* and *chāredû* to *lirga'îm* and *shāmemû* over you.", "grammar": { "*weyāredû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will come down", "*kis'ôtām*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their thrones", "*nesî'ê*": "masculine plural construct - princes of", "*yām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the sea", "*hēsîrû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will remove", "*me'îlêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their robes", "*bigdê*": "masculine plural construct - garments of", "*riqmātām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their embroidery", "*yiphshōtû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will strip off", "*chărādôt*": "feminine plural noun - trembling", "*yilbāshû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will clothe themselves", "*'ārets*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the ground", "*yēshēbû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will sit", "*chāredû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will tremble", "*lirga'îm*": "preposition + masculine plural noun - to moments/continually", "*shāmemû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will be appalled" }, "variants": { "*nesî'ê hayām*": "princes of the sea/coastal rulers/maritime leaders", "*bigdê riqmātām*": "garments of their embroidery/their embroidered garments", "*chărādôt*": "trembling/shuddering/terror", "*lirga'îm*": "continually/moment by moment/every moment" } }
• Ezek 28:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.28.17", "source": "גָּבַ֤הּ לִבְּךָ֙ בְּיָפְיֶ֔ךָ שִׁחַ֥תָּ חָכְמָתְךָ֖ עַל־יִפְעָתֶ֑ךָ עַל־אֶ֣רֶץ הִשְׁלַכְתִּ֗יךָ לִפְנֵ֧י מְלָכִ֛ים נְתַתִּ֖יךָ לְרַ֥אֲוָה בָֽךְ׃", "text": "*gāḇah* *libbəḵā* *bə-yop̄yeḵā* *šiḥattā* *ḥoḵmātəḵā* *ʿal*-*yip̄ʿāteḵā* *ʿal*-*ʾereṣ* *hišlaḵtîḵā* *li-p̄nê* *məlāḵîm* *nətattîḵā* *lə-raʾăwāh* *bāḵ*", "grammar": { "*gāḇah*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - has become high", "*libbəḵā*": "noun masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your heart", "*bə-yop̄yeḵā*": "preposition + noun masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - because of your beauty", "*šiḥattā*": "piel perfect 2nd masculine singular - you corrupted", "*ḥoḵmātəḵā*": "noun feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your wisdom", "*ʿal*-*yip̄ʿāteḵā*": "preposition + noun feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - because of your splendor", "*ʿal*-*ʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun feminine singular - to the ground/earth", "*hišlaḵtîḵā*": "hiphil perfect 1st person singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - I cast you", "*li-p̄nê*": "preposition + plural construct - before", "*məlāḵîm*": "noun masculine plural - kings", "*nətattîḵā*": "qal perfect 1st person singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - I gave/placed you", "*lə-raʾăwāh*": "preposition + noun feminine singular - to be a spectacle", "*bāḵ*": "preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - at you" }, "variants": { "*gāḇah*": "has become high/lifted up/exalted", "*šiḥattā*": "you corrupted/ruined/destroyed", "*yip̄ʿāh*": "splendor/brightness/beauty", "*raʾăwāh*": "spectacle/sight/display" } }
• Isa 47:7-9 : 7 { "verseID": "Isaiah.47.7", "source": "וַתֹּ֣אמְרִ֔י לְעוֹלָ֖ם אֶהְיֶ֣ה גְבָ֑רֶת עַ֣ד לֹא־שַׂ֥מְתְּ אֵ֙לֶּה֙ עַל־לִבֵּ֔ךְ לֹ֥א זָכַ֖רְתְּ אַחֲרִיתָֽהּ׃ ס", "text": "And-*wattōʾmərî* to-*ʿôlām* *ʾehyeh* *ḡəḇāreṯ* until not-*śamt* *ʾēlleh* upon-*libbēḵ* not *zāḵart* *ʾaḥărîṯāh*.", "grammar": { "*wattōʾmərî*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 2nd person feminine singular - and you said", "*ʿôlām*": "masculine singular noun - forever/eternity", "*ʾehyeh*": "qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will be", "*ḡəḇāreṯ*": "feminine singular noun - mistress/lady", "*śamt*": "qal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you placed/set", "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun, plural - these things", "*libbēḵ*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your heart", "*zāḵart*": "qal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you remembered", "*ʾaḥărîṯāh*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its end/outcome" }, "variants": { "*ʿôlām*": "forever/eternity/perpetuity", "*ḡəḇāreṯ*": "mistress/lady/queen", "*libbēḵ*": "your heart/your mind", "*ʾaḥărîṯāh*": "its end/its outcome/its future" } } 8 { "verseID": "Isaiah.47.8", "source": "וְעַתָּ֞ה שִׁמְעִי־זֹ֤את עֲדִינָה֙ הַיּוֹשֶׁ֣בֶת לָבֶ֔טַח הָאֹֽמְרָה֙ בִּלְבָ֔בָהּ אֲנִ֖י וְאַפְסִ֣י ע֑וֹד לֹ֤א אֵשֵׁב֙ אַלְמָנָ֔ה וְלֹ֥א אֵדַ֖ע שְׁכֽוֹל׃", "text": "And-now *šimʿî*-*zōʾṯ* *ʿăḏînâ* the-*hayyôšeḇeṯ* *lāḇeṭaḥ* the-*hāʾōmərâ* in-*bilḇāḇāh* *ʾănî* and-*ʾap̄sî* *ʿôḏ* not *ʾēšēḇ* *ʾalmānâ* and-not *ʾēḏaʿ* *šəḵôl*.", "grammar": { "*šimʿî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - hear/listen", "*zōʾṯ*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this", "*ʿăḏînâ*": "feminine singular adjective - voluptuous/luxurious", "*hayyôšeḇeṯ*": "qal participle, feminine singular with definite article - the one dwelling/sitting", "*lāḇeṭaḥ*": "prepositional phrase - in security/safely", "*hāʾōmərâ*": "qal participle, feminine singular with definite article - the one saying", "*bilḇāḇāh*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in her heart", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular personal pronoun - I", "*ʾap̄sî*": "noun with 1st person singular suffix - my end/no one besides me", "*ʿôḏ*": "adverb - still/yet/besides", "*ʾēšēḇ*": "qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will sit/dwell/remain", "*ʾalmānâ*": "feminine singular noun - widow", "*ʾēḏaʿ*": "qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will know/experience", "*šəḵôl*": "masculine singular noun - bereavement/loss of children" }, "variants": { "*ʿăḏînâ*": "voluptuous/luxurious/delicate/pleasure-loving", "*lāḇeṭaḥ*": "in security/safely/confidently", "*bilḇāḇāh*": "in her heart/in her mind", "*ʾap̄sî*": "my end/no one besides me/I am the only one", "*ʾalmānâ*": "widow/widowhood", "*šəḵôl*": "bereavement/loss of children/childlessness" } } 9 { "verseID": "Isaiah.47.9", "source": "וְתָבֹאנָה֩ לָּ֨ךְ שְׁתֵּי־אֵ֥לֶּה רֶ֛גַע בְּי֥וֹם אֶחָ֖ד שְׁכ֣וֹל וְאַלְמֹ֑ן כְּתֻמָּם֙ בָּ֣אוּ עָלַ֔יִךְ בְּרֹ֣ב כְּשָׁפַ֔יִךְ בְּעָצְמַ֥ת חֲבָרַ֖יִךְ מְאֹֽד׃", "text": "And-*ṯāḇōʾnâ* to-you *šətê*-*ʾēlleh* *reḡaʿ* in-*yôm* *ʾeḥāḏ* *šəḵôl* and-*ʾalmōn* in-*kəṯummām* *bāʾū* upon-you in-abundance-of *kəšāp̄ayiḵ* in-*bəʿāṣmaṯ* *ḥăḇārayiḵ* *məʾōḏ*.", "grammar": { "*ṯāḇōʾnâ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine plural - they will come", "*šətê*": "feminine construct form of numeral - two of", "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun, plural - these", "*reḡaʿ*": "masculine singular noun - moment/suddenly", "*yôm*": "masculine singular - day", "*ʾeḥāḏ*": "cardinal number - one", "*šəḵôl*": "masculine singular noun - bereavement/loss of children", "*ʾalmōn*": "masculine singular noun - widowhood", "*kəṯummām*": "prepositional prefix + qal infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in their completeness/fullness", "*bāʾū*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they have come", "*kəšāp̄ayiḵ*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your sorceries", "*bəʿāṣmaṯ*": "feminine singular construct - in the abundance/multitude of", "*ḥăḇārayiḵ*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your spells/enchantments", "*məʾōḏ*": "adverb - very/exceedingly" }, "variants": { "*reḡaʿ*": "moment/suddenly/instantly", "*šəḵôl*": "bereavement/loss of children/childlessness", "*ʾalmōn*": "widowhood/state of being a widow", "*kəṯummām*": "in their completeness/in their fullness/in their perfection", "*kəšāp̄ayiḵ*": "your sorceries/your witchcraft", "*ḥăḇārayiḵ*": "your spells/your enchantments/your magic" } }
• Isa 52:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.52.2", "source": "הִתְנַעֲרִ֧י מֵעָפָ֛ר ק֥וּמִי שְּׁבִ֖י יְרֽוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם *התפתחו **הִֽתְפַּתְּחִי֙ מוֹסרֵ֣י צַוָּארֵ֔ךְ שְׁבִיָּ֖ה בַּת־צִיּֽוֹן׃ ס", "text": "*hitnʿărî* *mēʿāpār* *qûmî* *šəbî* *yərûšālaim* *hitpattəḥî* *môsrê* *ṣawwārēk* *šəbiyyâ* *bat-ṣiyyôn*", "grammar": { "*hitnʿărî*": "verb, hitpael imperative, feminine singular - shake yourself", "*mēʿāpār*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from dust", "*qûmî*": "verb, qal imperative, feminine singular - arise", "*šəbî*": "verb, qal imperative, feminine singular - sit/sit enthroned", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun, vocative - Jerusalem", "*hitpattəḥî*": "verb, hitpael imperative, feminine singular (textual variant) - loose yourself", "*môsrê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - bonds of", "*ṣawwārēk*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your neck", "*šəbiyyâ*": "adjective/noun, feminine singular - captive", "*bat-ṣiyyôn*": "noun, feminine singular construct + proper noun - daughter of Zion" }, "variants": { "*hitnʿărî*": "shake yourself/free yourself/rouse yourself", "*mēʿāpār*": "from dust/from the ground", "*qûmî*": "arise/stand up/get up", "*šəbî*": "sit/sit enthroned/dwell", "*hitpattəḥî*": "loose yourself/untie yourself/free yourself", "*môsrê*": "bonds/chains/fetters", "*šəbiyyâ*": "captive woman/captivity/prisoner" } }
• Jer 13:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.13.18", "source": "אֱמֹ֥ר לַמֶּ֛לֶךְ וְלַגְּבִירָ֖ה הַשְׁפִּ֣ילוּ שֵׁ֑בוּ כִּ֤י יָרַד֙ מַרְאֲשׁ֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔ם עֲטֶ֖רֶת תִּֽפְאַרְתְּכֶֽם׃", "text": "*ʾĕmōr* to the *melek* and to the *gebîrâ*, *hashpîlû shēbû*, for *yārad marʾăshôtêkem ʿăṭeret tipʾartekhem*.", "grammar": { "*ʾĕmōr*": "imperative, masculine singular - say", "*lammelek*": "preposition with definite article with noun, masculine singular - to the king", "*welagebîrâ*": "conjunction with preposition with definite article with noun, feminine singular - and to the queen mother", "*hashpîlû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural - humble yourselves", "*shēbû*": "imperative, masculine plural - sit down", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*yārad*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has come down", "*marʾăshôtêkem*": "noun, feminine plural with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your head-place/your headtier", "*ʿăṭeret*": "noun, feminine singular construct - crown of", "*tipʾartekhem*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your beauty/glory" }, "variants": { "*gebîrâ*": "queen mother/mistress", "*marʾăshôtêkem*": "your head coverings/your headpieces", "*ʿăṭeret*": "crown/diadem", "*tipʾartekhem*": "your glory/your splendor/your beauty" } }
• Rev 18:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Revelation.18.7", "source": "Ὅσα ἐδόξασεν ἑαυτὴν, καὶ ἐστρηνίασεν, τοσοῦτον δότε αὐτῇ βασανισμὸν καὶ πένθος: ὅτι ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτῆς λέγει, Κάθημαι βασίλισσα, καὶ χήρα οὐκ εἰμί, καὶ πένθος οὐ μὴ ἴδω.", "text": "As much as she *edoxasen* *heautēn*, and *estrēniasen*, so much *dote* to her *basanismon* and *penthos*: because in the *kardia* of her *legei*, I *kathēmai* *basilissa*, and *chēra* not *eimi*, and *penthos* not not *idō*.", "grammar": { "*hosa*": "correlative pronoun, accusative, neuter, plural - as much as", "*edoxasen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - glorified/exalted", "*heautēn*": "reflexive pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular - herself", "*estrēniasen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - lived luxuriously/sensually", "*tosouton*": "correlative pronoun, accusative, masculine/neuter, singular - so much", "*dote*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd person plural - give", "*autē*": "personal pronoun, dative, feminine, singular - to her", "*basanismon*": "noun, accusative, masculine, singular - torment/torture", "*penthos*": "noun, accusative, neuter, singular - grief/mourning", "*hoti*": "conjunction - because/for", "*en*": "preposition + dative - in", "*tē kardia*": "noun, dative, feminine, singular - heart", "*autēs*": "personal pronoun, genitive, feminine, singular - of her", "*legei*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - says", "*kathēmai*": "present middle indicative, 1st person singular - I sit/am enthroned", "*basilissa*": "noun, nominative, feminine, singular - queen", "*chēra*": "noun, nominative, feminine, singular - widow", "*ouk eimi*": "present active indicative, 1st person singular + negative - I am not", "*ou mē*": "emphatic negation - by no means/certainly not", "*idō*": "aorist active subjunctive, 1st person singular - I might see/experience" }, "variants": { "*edoxasen*": "glorified/exalted/honored", "*heautēn*": "herself", "*estrēniasen*": "lived luxuriously/sensually/wantonly", "*dote*": "give/grant/bestow", "*basanismon*": "torment/torture/suffering", "*penthos*": "grief/mourning/sorrow", "*kardia*": "heart/mind/inner self", "*legei*": "says/speaks/declares", "*kathēmai*": "sit/am enthroned/am seated as ruler", "*basilissa*": "queen/female ruler", "*chēra*": "widow", "*eimi*": "am/exist", "*idō*": "see/experience/witness" } }
• Obad 1:3-4 : 3 { "verseID": "Obadiah.1.3", "source": "זְד֤וֹן לִבְּךָ֙ הִשִּׁיאֶ֔ךָ שֹׁכְנִ֥י בְחַגְוֵי־סֶ֖לַע מְר֣וֹם שִׁבְתּ֑וֹ אֹמֵ֣ר בְּלִבּ֔וֹ מִ֥י יוֹרִדֵ֖נִי אָֽרֶץ", "text": "*zĕdôn* *libbĕkā* *hiššîʾekā* *šōkĕnî* in-*ḥagwê*-*selaʿ* *mĕrôm* *šibtô* *ʾōmēr* in-*libbô* who *yôrîdēnî* *ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*zĕdôn*": "noun, masculine singular - pride/arrogance", "*libbĕkā*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your heart", "*hiššîʾekā*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular with 2nd person masculine suffix - has deceived you", "*šōkĕnî*": "participle construct, masculine singular - one dwelling in", "*ḥagwê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - clefts/crevices of", "*selaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - rock/cliff", "*mĕrôm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - height of", "*šibtô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his dwelling", "*ʾōmēr*": "participle, masculine singular - saying", "*libbô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his heart", "*yôrîdēnî*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - will bring me down", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/ground/land" }, "variants": { "*zĕdôn*": "pride/arrogance/insolence/presumption", "*libbĕkā*": "your heart/mind/inner self", "*hiššîʾekā*": "has deceived you/misled you/deluded you", "*šōkĕnî*": "one dwelling in/inhabitant of", "*ḥagwê*": "clefts/crevices/fissures", "*selaʿ*": "rock/cliff/crag", "*mĕrôm*": "height/high place/elevation", "*šibtô*": "his dwelling/habitation/abode", "*ʾōmēr*": "saying/thinking/declaring", "*yôrîdēnî*": "will bring me down/cause me to descend", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/ground/land" } } 4 { "verseID": "Obadiah.1.4", "source": "אִם־תַּגְבִּ֣יהַּ כַּנֶּ֔שֶׁר וְאִם־בֵּ֥ין כּֽוֹכָבִ֖ים שִׂ֣ים קִנֶּ֑ךָ מִשָּׁ֥ם אוֹרִֽידְךָ֖ נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה", "text": "if-*tagbîah* like-the-*nešer* *wĕ*-if-between *kôkābîm* *śîm* *qinnekā* from-there *ʾôrîdĕkā* *nĕʾum*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*tagbîah*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you make high/soar", "*nešer*": "noun, masculine singular - eagle/vulture", "*wĕ*-": "conjunction - and", "*kôkābîm*": "noun, masculine plural - stars", "*śîm*": "qal infinitive construct - set/place", "*qinnekā*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your nest", "*ʾôrîdĕkā*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - I will bring you down", "*nĕʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "proper name - LORD/Yahweh" }, "variants": { "*tagbîah*": "you make high/soar/elevate yourself", "*nešer*": "eagle/vulture/large bird of prey", "*kôkābîm*": "stars/celestial bodies", "*śîm*": "set/place/put", "*qinnekā*": "your nest/your dwelling", "*ʾôrîdĕkā*": "I will bring you down/cause you to descend", "*nĕʾum*": "declaration/oracle/utterance" } }
• Jonah 3:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Jonah.3.6", "source": "וַיִּגַּ֤ע הַדָּבָר֙ אֶל־מֶ֣לֶך נִֽינְוֵ֔ה וַיָּ֙קָם֙ מִכִּסְא֔וֹ וַיַּעֲבֵ֥ר אַדַּרְתּ֖וֹ מֵֽעָלָ֑יו וַיְכַ֣ס שַׂ֔ק וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב עַל־הָאֵֽפֶר׃", "text": "And-*wayyiggaʿ* the-*dāḇār* to-*meleḵ* *nînəwēh* and-*wayyāqām* from-*kissəʾô* and-*wayyaʿăḇēr* *ʾaddarttô* from-*ʿālāyw* and-*wayəḵas* *śaq* and-*wayyēšeḇ* on-the-*ʾēp̄er*.", "grammar": { "*wayyiggaʿ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and it reached", "*dāḇār*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the word/matter", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular construct noun - king of", "*nînəwēh*": "proper noun - Nineveh", "*wayyāqām*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he arose", "*kissəʾô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix and preposition - from his throne", "*wayyaʿăḇēr*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he removed", "*ʾaddarttô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his robe", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - from upon him", "*wayəḵas*": "waw-consecutive + piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he covered", "*śaq*": "masculine singular noun - sackcloth", "*wayyēšeḇ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he sat", "*ʾēp̄er*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the ashes/dust" }, "variants": { "*wayyiggaʿ*": "and it reached/arrived at/came to", "*dāḇār*": "word/matter/news/report", "*ʾaddarttô*": "his robe/mantle/royal garment", "*wayəḵas*": "and he covered/clothed/wrapped himself with", "*ʾēp̄er*": "dust/ashes/rubble" } }
• Hag 2:22 : 22 { "verseID": "Haggai.2.22", "source": "וְהָֽפַכְתִּי֙ כִּסֵּ֣א מַמְלָכ֔וֹת וְהִ֨שְׁמַדְתִּ֔י חֹ֖זֶק מַמְלְכ֣וֹת הַגּוֹיִ֑ם וְהָפַכְתִּ֤י מֶרְכָּבָה֙ וְרֹ֣כְבֶ֔יהָ וְיָרְד֤וּ סוּסִים֙ וְרֹ֣כְבֵיהֶ֔ם אִ֖ישׁ בְּחֶ֥רֶב אָחִֽיו׃", "text": "And-*hāpaktî* *kissēʾ* *mamlākôt* and-*hišmadtî* *ḥōzeq* *mamlĕkôt* *haggôyim* and-*hāpaktî* *merkābāh* and-*rōkbêhā* and-*yārĕdû* *sûsîm* and-*rōkbêhem* *ʾîš* with-*ḥereb* *ʾāḥîw*", "grammar": { "*hāpaktî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I will overturn", "*kissēʾ*": "construct noun, masculine singular - throne of", "*mamlākôt*": "noun, feminine plural - kingdoms", "*hišmadtî*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 1st person singular - I will destroy", "*ḥōzeq*": "construct noun, masculine singular - strength of", "*mamlĕkôt*": "construct noun, feminine plural - kingdoms of", "*haggôyim*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the nations", "*merkābāh*": "noun, feminine singular - chariot", "*rōkbêhā*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its riders", "*yārĕdû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they will go down", "*sûsîm*": "noun, masculine plural - horses", "*rōkbêhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their riders", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/each", "*ḥereb*": "construct noun, feminine singular - sword of", "*ʾāḥîw*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his brother" }, "variants": { "*hāpaktî*": "I will overturn/I will overthrow", "*hišmadtî*": "I will destroy/I will annihilate", "*ḥōzeq*": "strength/power", "*yārĕdû*": "they will go down/they will fall", "*ʾîš bəḥereb ʾāḥîw*": "each by the sword of his brother/each by his brother's sword" } }