1 {
"verseID": "Psalms.52.1",
"source": "לַמְנַצֵּ֗חַ מַשְׂכִּ֥יל לְדָוִֽד׃",
"text": "To the *měnaṣṣēaḥ*, a *maśkîl* of *Dāwid*.",
"grammar": {
"*lǎ-*": "preposition 'to/for' with definite article",
"*měnaṣṣēaḥ*": "participle, masculine singular, Piel form - director/choirmaster/chief musician",
"*maśkîl*": "noun, masculine singular - skillful composition/contemplative poem/instruction",
"*lě-*": "preposition 'to/for/of'",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David"
},
"variants": {
"*měnaṣṣēaḥ*": "choirmaster/chief musician/conductor/victor",
"*maśkîl*": "contemplative poem/skillful composition/instruction/didactic psalm"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "Psalms.52.2",
"source": "בְּב֤וֹא ׀ דּוֹאֵ֣ג הָאֲדֹמִי֮ וַיַּגֵּ֢ד לְשָׁ֫א֥וּל וַיֹּ֥אמֶר ל֑וֹ בָּ֥א דָ֝וִ֗ד אֶל־בֵּ֥ית אֲחִימֶֽלֶךְ׃",
"text": "In the *bôʾ* of *Dôʾēg* the *ʾĕdômî* and he *wayyaggēd* to *Šāʾûl* and he *wayyōʾmer* to him, *bāʾ* *Dāwid* to-house of *ʾĂḥîmelek*.",
"grammar": {
"*bě-*": "preposition 'in/when'",
"*bôʾ*": "infinitive construct, Qal - coming/entering",
"*Dôʾēg*": "proper noun - Doeg",
"*hā-*": "definite article 'the'",
"*ʾĕdômî*": "adjective, masculine singular - Edomite",
"*wa-*": "conjunction 'and'",
"*yaggēd*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Hifil with waw-consecutive - he told/reported",
"*lě-*": "preposition 'to'",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*yōʾmer*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal with waw-consecutive - he said",
"*lô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him",
"*bāʾ*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal - came/entered",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*ʾel-*": "preposition 'to/toward'",
"*bêt*": "construct form of 'house'",
"*ʾĂḥîmelek*": "proper noun - Ahimelech"
},
"variants": {
"*bôʾ*": "coming/entering/arriving",
"*wayyaggēd*": "reported/told/informed",
"*wayyōʾmer*": "said/declared/spoke",
"*bāʾ*": "came/entered/arrived"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Psalms.52.3",
"source": "מַה־תִּתְהַלֵּ֣ל בְּ֭רָעָה הַגִּבּ֑וֹר חֶ֥סֶד אֵ֝֗ל כָּל־הַיּֽוֹם׃",
"text": "Why *tithallēl* in *rāʿāh*, O *gibbôr*? *ḥesed* of *ʾēl* all-the-*yôm*.",
"grammar": {
"*mah-*": "interrogative particle 'why/what'",
"*tithallēl*": "imperfect, 2nd masculine singular, Hitpael - you boast/glory",
"*bě-*": "preposition 'in'",
"*rāʿāh*": "noun, feminine singular - evil/wickedness",
"*ha-*": "definite article 'the'",
"*gibbôr*": "noun/adjective, masculine singular - mighty one/hero/warrior",
"*ḥesed*": "noun, masculine singular - lovingkindness/steadfast love/mercy",
"*ʾēl*": "noun, masculine singular - God/deity",
"*kol-*": "construct 'all of'",
"*ha-*": "definite article 'the'",
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day"
},
"variants": {
"*tithallēl*": "boast yourself/glory/praise yourself",
"*rāʿāh*": "evil/wickedness/misfortune/calamity",
"*gibbôr*": "mighty one/warrior/hero/tyrant",
"*ḥesed*": "lovingkindness/steadfast love/mercy/covenant loyalty",
"*ʾēl*": "God/Mighty One/deity"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Psalms.52.4",
"source": "הַ֭וּוֹת תַּחְשֹׁ֣ב לְשׁוֹנֶ֑ךָ כְּתַ֥עַר מְ֝לֻטָּ֗שׁ עֹשֵׂ֥ה רְמִיָּֽה׃",
"text": "*hawwôt* *taḥšōb* your-*lāšôn*, like-*taʿar* *měluttāš* *ʿōśēh* *rěmiyyâ*.",
"grammar": {
"*hawwôt*": "noun, feminine plural - destruction/calamities/mischief",
"*taḥšōb*": "imperfect, 2nd masculine singular, Qal - you devise/plan/think",
"*lěšôn*": "noun, feminine singular - tongue/language",
"*-ěkā*": "possessive suffix, 2nd masculine singular - your",
"*kě-*": "preposition 'like/as'",
"*taʿar*": "noun, masculine singular - razor",
"*měluttāš*": "participle, masculine singular, Pual - sharpened",
"*ʿōśēh*": "participle, masculine singular, Qal - making/doing/working",
"*rěmiyyâ*": "noun, feminine singular - deceit/treachery"
},
"variants": {
"*hawwôt*": "destructions/disasters/calamities/mischief",
"*taḥšōb*": "devise/plan/think/plot",
"*lāšôn*": "tongue/language/speech",
"*taʿar*": "razor/knife",
"*měluttāš*": "sharpened/polished",
"*ʿōśēh*": "making/doing/working/practicing",
"*rěmiyyâ*": "deceit/treachery/deception/fraud"
}
}