Verse 25

{ "verseID": "2Kings.3.25", "source": "וְהֶעָרִ֣ים יַהֲרֹ֡סוּ וְכָל־חֶלְקָ֣ה ט֠וֹבָה יַשְׁלִ֨יכוּ אִישׁ־אַבְנ֜וֹ וּמִלְא֗וּהָ וְכָל־מַעְיַן־מַ֤יִם יִסְתֹּ֙מוּ֙ וְכָל־עֵֽץ־ט֣וֹב יַפִּ֔ילוּ עַד־הִשְׁאִ֧יר אֲבָנֶ֛יהָ בַּקִּ֖יר חֲרָ֑שֶׂת וַיָּסֹ֥בּוּ הַקַּלָּעִ֖ים וַיַּכּֽוּהָ׃", "text": "And-the-cities *yahărōsû* and-every-*ḥelqāh ṭôbāh* *yašlîkû* each-man-his-stone and-*milʾûhā*, and-every-spring-of-water *yistōmû* and-every-*ʿēṣ-ṭôb* *yappîlû* until-leaving its-stones in-*qîr Ḥărāśet*; *wa-yāsōbbû ha-qallāʿîm* *wa-yakkûhā*.", "grammar": { "*wĕ-he-ʿārîm*": "conjunction + definite article + feminine plural noun - and the cities", "*yahărōsû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they tore down", "*ḥelqāh*": "feminine singular construct - portion/plot of", "*ṭôbāh*": "feminine singular adjective - good", "*yašlîkû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they cast", "*ʾîš-ʾabnô*": "masculine singular noun + masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - each man his stone", "*milʾûhā*": "piel perfect, 3rd common plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - they filled it", "*maʿyan-mayim*": "masculine singular construct + masculine plural noun - spring of water", "*yistōmû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they stopped up", "*ʿēṣ-ṭôb*": "masculine singular construct + masculine singular adjective - good tree", "*yappîlû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they felled", "*ʿad-hišʾîr*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - until leaving", "*ʾăbāneyhā*": "feminine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its stones", "*ba-qîr*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - in the wall", "*Ḥărāśet*": "proper name - Kir Hareseth", "*wa-yāsōbbû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they surrounded", "*ha-qallāʿîm*": "definite article + masculine plural participle - the slingers", "*wa-yakkûhā*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and they struck it" }, "variants": { "*yahărōsû*": "tore down/demolished/destroyed", "*ḥelqāh ṭôbāh*": "good field/fertile plot", "*yašlîkû*": "cast/threw/hurled", "*milʾûhā*": "filled it/covered it", "*yistōmû*": "stopped up/blocked/filled in", "*yappîlû*": "felled/cut down", "*wa-yāsōbbû*": "surrounded/encircled", "*ha-qallāʿîm*": "the slingers/stone throwers" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  De ødela byene, og hver mann kastet steiner på alle frukttrærne, så de ble jammet med steiner. De stoppet alle vannkildene og hogg ned alle fine trær, slik at det bare var steinmurene igjen i Kir-Hareset. Steinslyngerne omringet byen og angrep den.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Og de ødela byene, og på hvert godt stykke land kastet hver mann sin stein og fylte det. De stengte alle vannkildene og felte alle de gode trærne; bare i Kir-Haraset lot de steinene bli. Men slyngerne omringet det og slo det.

• Norsk King James

  De slo ned byene; og på hvert godt stykke land kastet hver mann sin stein og fylte det; de stoppet alle vannkilder og felte alle gode trær; bare i Kirharaseth etterlot de steinene der; men steinskytterne gikk rundt det og slo det.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  De rev ned byene, hver mann kastet en stein på hvert godt stykke land og fylte det, stoppet alle vannkilder og felte alle gode trær, inntil bare steinene i Kir-Hareset var igjen, og slyngekasterne slo byen.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  De ødela byene, og på hver god åker kastet hver mann sin stein, og fylte dem. De tettet alle vannkilder og felte alle gode trær, inntil det bare var igjen steinmurer av Kir-Hareset, og slyngerne omringet byen og angrep den.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  De ødela byene, og hvert godt stykke land kastet hver mann sin stein på og fylte det; de stoppet alle vannkilder og felte hvert godt tre. Bare i Kir-Hareset lot de steinene bli stående, men slyngerne omringet det og ødela det.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  De slo ned byene, og på hver god jord kastet hver mann sine steiner og fylte den. De stengte alle brønner og felling alle gode trær; bare i Kirharaseth lot de steinene stå, men slyngekasterne gikk rundt og slo dem ned.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  De ødela byene, og hvert godt stykke land kastet hver mann sin stein på og fylte det; de stoppet alle vannkilder og felte hvert godt tre. Bare i Kir-Hareset lot de steinene bli stående, men slyngerne omringet det og ødela det.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  De rev ned byene, og hver mann kastet sin stein på hver god åker og fylte dem. De stoppet opp alle vannkildene og felte alle gode trær, til de kun lot steinene stå igjen i Kir-Hareseth, mens slyngerne omringet byen og angrep den.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  They destroyed the cities, threw stones onto every good field until it was covered, stopped up all the springs of water, and cut down all the good trees. Only the stones of Kir Hareseth were left standing, but the slingers surrounded and attacked it.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  De ødela byene og kastet hver mann sin stein på hvert godt stykke land og fylte det. De tettet alle vannkilder og felte hvert godt tre. Bare steinmurene i Kir-Hareset ble stående, men slyngekasterne omringet og angrep også den.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Og de nedbrøde Stæderne, og hver kastede sin Steen paa alle gode Stykker (Land) og fyldte dem, og tilstoppede alle Vandkilder og fældede alle gode Træer, indtil (ikkun) Stenene i Kir-Hareseth bleve tilovers af den; og de, som sloge med Slynger, omgave den og sloge den.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And they beat down the cities, and on every good piece of land cast every man his stone, and filled it; and they stopped all the wells of water, and felled all the good trees: only in Kir-haraseth left they the stones thereof; howbeit the slingers went about it, and smote it.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  De ødela byene, og hvert godt stykke land kastet hver mann steinen sin på og fylte det, og de lukket alle brønner, og felte de gode trærne. Bare i Kir-Hareset lot de steinene stå; men slyngekasterne omringet og slo det.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  And they destroyed the cities, and in every good piece of land each man threw a stone and filled it, and they stopped all the springs of water and cut down all the good trees. Only in Kir Haraseth did they leave its stones intact; however, the slingers surrounded it and attacked it.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And they beat down the cities, and on every good piece of land cast every man his stone, and filled it; and they stopped all the wells of water, and felled all the good trees: only in Kirharaseth left they the stones thereof; howbeit the slingers went about it, and smote it.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  De rev ned byene; og på hvert godt stykke mark kastet hver mann sin stein, og fylte det; og de stanset alle vannkildene, og felte alle de gode trærne, til de i Kir-Hareset ikke lot noen steiner være igjen; men slyngekasterne gikk rundt det og slo det.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  De rev ned byene, kastet hver sin stein på hver fruktbare åker og fylte dem. De stengte hver vannkilde og felte hvert godt tre, inntil steinene i Kir-Hareset var tilbake, og slyngekasterne omringet og angrep dem der.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  De rev ned byene, og på hver god jordbit kastet hver mann sin stein, og de fylte den. De stoppet alle vannkilder og felte alle gode trær, inntil bare i Kir-Hareset var steinene igjen; men slyngerne omringet den og slo den.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  rive ned byene, dekke hver god åker med steiner, stoppe opp alle vannkilder, og kutte ned alle gode trær; de fortsatte å drive Moab foran seg til det bare var i Kir-Hareset de hadde noen moabitter; og krigerne gikk rundt byen og kastet steiner på den.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  & brake downe the cities, & euery one cast his stone vpon all the good feldes, and made them full, and stopped all ye welles of water, and felled downe all the good trees, tyll there remayned but the stones in the brickwall, and they compased them aboute with slynges, and smote them.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And they destroyed the cities: and on all the good field euery man cast his stone, and filled them and they stopt all the fountaines of water, and felled all the good trees: onely in Kirharaseth left they the stones thereof: howebeit they went about it with slings, and smote it.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And they ouerthrew the cities, and on euery good parcell of lande cast euery man his stone, and filled it, & they stopt all the welles of water, and feld all the good trees, onely in Kirharaseth left they the stones thereof: howbeit they went about it with slinges, & smote it.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And they beat down the cities, and on every good piece of land cast every man his stone, and filled it; and they stopped all the wells of water, and felled all the good trees: only in Kirharaseth left they the stones thereof; howbeit the slingers went about [it], and smote it.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  They beat down the cities; and on every good piece of land they cast every man his stone, and filled it; and they stopped all the springs of water, and felled all the good trees, until in Kir Hareseth [only] they left the stones of it; however the men armed with slings went about it, and struck it.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  and the cities they break down, and `on' every good portion they cast each his stone, and have filled it, and every fountain of water they stop, and every good tree they cause to fall -- till one had left its stones in Kir-Haraseth, and the slingers go round and smite it.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And they beat down the cities; and on every good piece of land they cast every man his stone, and filled it; and they stopped all the fountains of water, and felled all the good trees, until in Kir-hareseth [only] they left the stones thereof; howbeit the slingers went about it, and smote it.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Pulling down the towns, covering every good field with stones, stopping up all the water-springs, and cutting down all the good trees; they went on driving Moab before them till only in Kir-hareseth were there any Moabites; and the fighting-men went round the town raining stones on it.

• World English Bible (2000)

  They beat down the cities; and on every good piece of land they cast every man his stone, and filled it; and they stopped all the springs of water, and felled all the good trees, until in Kir Hareseth [only] they left its stones; however the men armed with slings went about it, and struck it.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  They tore down the cities and each man threw a stone into every cultivated field until they were covered. They stopped up every spring and chopped down every productive tree. Only Kir Hareseth was left intact, but the slingers surrounded it and attacked it.

Referenced Verses

• 2 Kgs 3:19 : 19 { "verseID": "2Kings.3.19", "source": "וְהִכִּיתֶ֞ם כָּל־עִ֤יר מִבְצָר֙ וְכָל־עִ֣יר מִבְח֔וֹר וְכָל־עֵ֥ץ טוֹב֙ תַּפִּ֔ילוּ וְכָל־מַעְיְנֵי־מַ֖יִם תִּסְתֹּ֑מוּ וְכֹל֙ הַחֶלְקָ֣ה הַטּוֹבָ֔ה תַּכְאִ֖בוּ בָּאֲבָנִֽים׃", "text": "*wĕ-hikkîtem* every-*ʿîr mibṣār* and-every-*ʿîr mibḥôr*, and-every-*ʿēṣ ṭôb* *tappîlû*, and-every-*maʿyĕnê*-water *tistōmû*, and-every *ha-ḥelqāh ha-ṭôbāh* *takʾîbû* with-stones.", "grammar": { "*wĕ-hikkîtem*": "conjunction + hiphil perfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you shall strike", "*ʿîr*": "feminine singular construct - city of", "*mibṣār*": "masculine singular noun - fortification/stronghold", "*mibḥôr*": "masculine singular noun - choice/selected", "*ʿēṣ*": "masculine singular construct - tree of", "*ṭôb*": "masculine singular adjective - good", "*tappîlû*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall fell/cause to fall", "*maʿyĕnê*": "masculine plural construct - springs of", "*tistōmû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall stop up", "*ha-ḥelqāh*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the portion/field", "*ha-ṭôbāh*": "definite article + feminine singular adjective - the good", "*takʾîbû*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall mar/ruin", "*bā-ʾăbānîm*": "preposition + definite article + feminine plural noun - with stones" }, "variants": { "*wĕ-hikkîtem*": "you shall strike down/defeat/destroy", "*mibṣār*": "fortress/stronghold/fortified", "*mibḥôr*": "choice/select/prominent", "*tappîlû*": "you shall fell/cut down/destroy", "*tistōmû*": "you shall stop up/block/clog", "*takʾîbû*": "you shall ruin/spoil/damage/mar" } }
• Isa 16:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Isaiah.16.7", "source": "לָכֵ֗ן יְיֵלִ֥יל מוֹאָ֛ב לְמוֹאָ֖ב כֻּלֹּ֣ה יְיֵלִ֑יל לַאֲשִׁישֵׁ֧י קִיר־חֲרֶ֛שֶׂת תֶּהְגּ֖וּ אַךְ־נְכָאִֽים", "text": "Therefore *yəyēlîl* *môʾāb* for-*môʾāb* all-of-it *yəyēlîl* for-*ʾăšîšê* *qîr*-*ḥăreśet* *tehgû* surely-*nəkāʾîm*", "grammar": { "*yəyēlîl*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will wail/howl", "*môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*kūllōh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - all of it/entirety", "*ʾăšîšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - raisin cakes of", "*qîr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - wall/city of", "*ḥăreśet*": "proper noun - Hareseth/Kir-hareseth", "*tehgû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall moan/mutter", "*nəkāʾîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - stricken/smitten" }, "variants": { "*yəyēlîl*": "will wail/will howl/will lament", "*ʾăšîšê*": "raisin cakes of/foundations of/people of", "*qîr-ḥăreśet*": "Kir-hareseth (city name)/brick wall", "*tehgû*": "you shall moan/you shall mutter/you shall meditate", "*nəkāʾîm*": "stricken/smitten/utterly stricken/grieving" } }
• Jer 48:31 : 31 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.31", "source": "עַל־כֵּן֙ עַל־מוֹאָ֣ב אֲיֵלִ֔יל וּלְמוֹאָ֥ב כֻּלֹּ֖ה אֶזְעָ֑ק אֶל־אַנְשֵׁ֥י קִֽיר־חֶ֖רֶשׂ יֶהְגֶּֽה׃", "text": "Therefore for *mōʾāb* *ʾayēlîl* and for *mōʾāb* all of it *ʾezʿāq* to *ʾanšê* *qîr-ḥereś* *yehgeh*", "grammar": { "*mōʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*ʾayēlîl*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st singular - I will wail/howl", "*mōʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*ʾezʿāq*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will cry out", "*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural, construct - men of", "*qîr-ḥereś*": "compound proper noun - Kir-heres (city)", "*yehgeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he moans/mutters/groans" }, "variants": { "*ʾayēlîl*": "I will wail/howl/lament", "*ʾezʿāq*": "I will cry out/shriek/call", "*ʾanšê*": "men/people/inhabitants", "*yehgeh*": "he moans/mutters/groans/meditates" } }
• Jer 48:36 : 36 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.36", "source": "עַל־כֵּ֞ן לִבִּ֤י לְמוֹאָב֙ כַּחֲלִלִ֣ים יֶהֱמֶ֔ה וְלִבִּי֙ אֶל־אַנְשֵׁ֣י קִֽיר־חֶ֔רֶשׂ כַּחֲלִילִ֖ים יֶהֱמֶ֑ה עַל־כֵּ֛ן יִתְרַ֥ת עָשָׂ֖ה אָבָֽדוּ׃", "text": "Therefore *libbî* for *mōʾāb* like *ḥalilîm* *yehĕmeh* and *libbî* to *ʾanšê* *qîr-ḥereś* like *ḥalîlîm* *yehĕmeh* therefore *yitrat* *ʿāśâ* *ʾābādû*", "grammar": { "*libbî*": "noun with possessive suffix, masculine singular - my heart", "*mōʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*ḥalilîm*": "noun, masculine plural - flutes/pipes", "*yehĕmeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it moans/sounds", "*libbî*": "noun with possessive suffix, masculine singular - my heart", "*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural, construct - men of", "*qîr-ḥereś*": "compound proper noun - Kir-heres (city)", "*ḥalîlîm*": "noun, masculine plural - flutes/pipes", "*yehĕmeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it moans/sounds", "*yitrat*": "noun, feminine singular, construct - abundance of", "*ʿāśâ*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he made/acquired", "*ʾābādû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have perished" }, "variants": { "*libbî*": "my heart/inner self/mind", "*ḥalilîm*": "flutes/pipes/wind instruments", "*yehĕmeh*": "moans/sounds/groans/wails", "*ʾanšê*": "men/people/inhabitants", "*yitrat*": "abundance/excess/surplus", "*ʿāśâ*": "he made/acquired/gained", "*ʾābādû*": "they have perished/been destroyed/lost" } }
• Isa 16:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Isaiah.16.11", "source": "עַל־כֵּן֙ מֵעַ֣י לְמוֹאָ֔ב כַּכִּנּ֖וֹר יֶֽהֱמ֑וּ וְקִרְבִּ֖י לְקִ֥יר חָֽרֶשׂ", "text": "Therefore *mēʿay* for-*môʾāb* like-the-*kinnôr* *yehĕmû* *wəqirbî* for-*qîr* *ḥāreś*", "grammar": { "*mēʿay*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st singular suffix - my bowels/inward parts", "*môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*kinnôr*": "noun, masculine singular with prefix כ - like the lyre/harp", "*yehĕmû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they moan/murmur", "*wəqirbî*": "conjunction ו + noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - and my inward parts", "*qîr*": "noun, masculine singular - wall/city of", "*ḥāreś*": "proper noun - Heres (Kir Heres)" }, "variants": { "*mēʿay*": "my bowels/my inward parts/my heart (as seat of emotions)", "*yehĕmû*": "they moan/they murmur/they sound (like instrument strings)", "*qirbî*": "my inward parts/my heart/my inner being", "*qîr ḥāreś*": "Kir Heres/Kir Hareseth (city name)" } }
• Isa 37:26-27 : 26 { "verseID": "Isaiah.37.26", "source": "הֲלֽוֹא־שָׁמַ֤עְתָּ לְמֵֽרָחוֹק֙ אוֹתָ֣הּ עָשִׂ֔יתִי מִ֥ימֵי קֶ֖דֶם וִיצַרְתִּ֑יהָ עַתָּ֣ה הֲבֵאתִ֔יהָ וּתְהִ֗י לְהַשְׁא֛וֹת גַּלִּ֥ים נִצִּ֖ים עָרִ֥ים בְּצֻרֽוֹת׃", "text": "Have-not-*šāmaʿtā* from-*mērāḥôq* *ʾôtāh ʿāśîtî* from-*yəmê qedem wîṣartîhā*? Now *hăbēʾtîhā*, *ûtəhî* to-*hašʾôt gallîm niṣṣîm ʿārîm bəṣûrôt*.", "grammar": { "*šāmaʿtā*": "verb, qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you heard", "*mērāḥôq*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from distance/long ago", "*ʾôtāh*": "direct object marker with 3fs suffix - it", "*ʿāśîtî*": "verb, qal perfect 1st person common singular - I did/made", "*yəmê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - days of", "*qedem*": "noun, masculine singular - ancient times", "*wîṣartîhā*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect 1st person common singular with 3fs suffix - and I formed it", "*hăbēʾtîhā*": "verb, hiphil perfect 1st person common singular with 3fs suffix - I have brought it", "*ûtəhî*": "conjunction + verb, qal jussive 3rd person feminine singular - and it should be", "*hašʾôt*": "verb, hiphil infinitive construct - to devastate", "*gallîm*": "noun, masculine plural - heaps", "*niṣṣîm*": "verb, niphal participle masculine plural - ruined", "*ʿārîm*": "noun, feminine plural - cities", "*bəṣûrôt*": "adjective, feminine plural - fortified" }, "variants": { "*šāmaʿtā*": "you heard/listened to", "*mērāḥôq*": "from distance/from long ago/from afar", "*ʿāśîtî*": "I did/made/performed", "*qedem*": "ancient times/east/old", "*wîṣartîhā*": "and I formed it/shaped it/planned it", "*hăbēʾtîhā*": "I have brought it/caused it to come", "*ûtəhî*": "and it should be/become", "*hašʾôt*": "to devastate/lay waste/ruin", "*gallîm*": "heaps/ruins/waves", "*niṣṣîm*": "ruined/devastated/fallen", "*bəṣûrôt*": "fortified/inaccessible/defended" } } 27 { "verseID": "Isaiah.37.27", "source": "וְיֹֽשְׁבֵיהֶן֙ קִצְרֵי־יָ֔ד חַ֖תּוּ וָבֹ֑שׁוּ הָי֞וּ עֵ֤שֶׂב שָׂדֶה֙ וִ֣ירַק דֶּ֔שֶׁא חֲצִ֣יר גַּגּ֔וֹת וּשְׁדֵמָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י קָמָֽה׃", "text": "*wə-yōšəbêhen qiṣrê*-*yād ḥattû wā-bōšû*, *hāyû ʿēśeb śādeh wîraq dešeʾ*, *ḥăṣîr gaggôt ûšədēmâ lipnê qāmâ*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yōšəbêhen*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct with 3fp suffix - and their inhabitants", "*qiṣrê*": "adjective, masculine plural construct - short of", "*yād*": "noun, feminine singular - hand/power", "*ḥattû*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they were dismayed", "*wā-bōšû*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect 3rd person common plural - and they were ashamed", "*hāyû*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they were", "*ʿēśeb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - grass/herb of", "*śādeh*": "noun, masculine singular - field", "*wîraq*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and green plant of", "*dešeʾ*": "noun, masculine singular - tender grass", "*ḥăṣîr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - grass of", "*gaggôt*": "noun, masculine plural - roofs", "*ûšədēmâ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and blighted grain", "*lipnê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - before", "*qāmâ*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - it grew up/stood" }, "variants": { "*yōšəbêhen*": "their inhabitants/residents/dwellers", "*qiṣrê-yād*": "short of hand/powerless/helpless", "*ḥattû*": "were dismayed/terrified/scared", "*bōšû*": "were ashamed/disgraced/disappointed", "*ʿēśeb*": "grass/herb/plant", "*śādeh*": "field/open country", "*yîraq*": "green plant/vegetation", "*dešeʾ*": "tender grass/green vegetation", "*ḥăṣîr*": "grass/hay", "*gaggôt*": "roofs/housetops", "*šədēmâ*": "blighted grain/field/crop", "*lipnê qāmâ*": "before it grows up/before standing grain" } }
• 2 Chr 32:4 : 4 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.32.4", "source": "וַיִּקָּבְצ֣וּ עַם־רָ֔ב וַֽיִּסְתְּמוּ֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַמַּעְיָנ֔וֹת וְאֶת־הַנַּ֛חַל הַשּׁוֹטֵ֥ף בְּתוֹךְ־הָאָ֖רֶץ לֵאמֹ֑ר לָ֤מָּה יָב֙וֹאוּ֙ מַלְכֵ֣י אַשּׁ֔וּר וּמָצְא֖וּ מַ֥יִם רַבִּֽים", "text": "*wa-yiqqāḇṣû* *ʿam*-*rāḇ* *wa-yistəmû* *ʾet*-all-the-*maʿyānôṯ* and-*ʾet*-the-*naḥal* the-*šôṭēp̄* in-midst-of-the-*ʾāreṣ* *lēmōr* *lāmmāh* *yāḇôʾû* *malḵê* *ʾaššûr* *û-māṣəʾû* *mayim* *rabbîm*", "grammar": { "*wa-yiqqāḇṣû*": "waw consecutive + niphal imperfect, 3rd plural - and they gathered themselves", "*ʿam*": "masculine singular noun - people", "*rāḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - many/great/numerous", "*wa-yistəmû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd plural - and they stopped up/blocked", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*maʿyānôṯ*": "feminine plural noun - springs", "*naḥal*": "masculine singular noun - stream/brook/wadi", "*šôṭēp̄*": "qal participle, masculine singular - flowing/overflowing", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun - land/earth/ground", "*lēmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying", "*lāmmāh*": "interrogative + preposition - why", "*yāḇôʾû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they will come", "*malḵê*": "masculine plural construct - kings of", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*û-māṣəʾû*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd plural - and find", "*mayim*": "masculine plural noun - water", "*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - many/great/abundant" }, "variants": { "*ʿam-rāḇ*": "many people/great multitude", "*naḥal*": "stream/brook/wadi/valley", "*šôṭēp̄*": "flowing/overflowing/flooding" } }
• Isa 15:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Isaiah.15.1", "source": "מַשָּׂ֖א מוֹאָ֑ב כִּ֠י בְּלֵ֞יל שֻׁדַּ֨ד עָ֤ר מוֹאָב֙ נִדְמָ֔ה כִּ֗י בְּלֵ֛יל שֻׁדַּ֥ד קִיר־מוֹאָ֖ב נִדְמָֽה׃", "text": "*Maśśāʾ* *Môʾāḇ* *kî* in *layil* *šuddad* *ʿār* *Môʾāḇ* *nidmâ* *kî* in *layil* *šuddad* *qîr*-*Môʾāḇ* *nidmâ*", "grammar": { "*Maśśāʾ*": "construct state, masculine, singular - burden/oracle concerning", "*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun, absolute state - Moab", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because/that", "*layil*": "noun, masculine, singular - night", "*šuddad*": "pual perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was devastated/laid waste", "*ʿār*": "proper noun - Ar (city in Moab)", "*nidmâ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - was cut off/destroyed/silenced/brought to ruin", "*qîr*": "noun, construct state - wall/city/fortress", "*šuddad*": "pual perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was devastated/laid waste" }, "variants": { "*Maśśāʾ*": "burden/oracle/pronouncement/utterance", "*nidmâ*": "was cut off/destroyed/silenced/brought to ruin/ceased to be", "*qîr*": "wall/city/fortress of Moab (likely a city name)" } }
• Gen 26:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Genesis.26.15", "source": "וְכָל־הַבְּאֵרֹ֗ת אֲשֶׁ֤ר חָֽפְרוּ֙ עַבְדֵ֣י אָבִ֔יו בִּימֵ֖י אַבְרָהָ֣ם אָבִ֑יו סִתְּמ֣וּם פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וַיְמַלְא֖וּם עָפָֽר׃", "text": "and-all-*hab-bəʾērōt* which *ḥāpərû* *ʿabdê* his-father in-days-of *ʾabrāhām* his-father *sittəmûm* *pəlištîm* and-*wayəmalʾûm* *ʿāpār*", "grammar": { "*hab-bəʾērōt*": "definite article + feminine plural noun - the wells", "*ḥāpərû*": "3rd plural Qal perfect of חפר - they had dug", "*ʿabdê*": "masculine plural construct of עבד - servants of", "*ʾabrāhām*": "proper noun - Abraham", "*sittəmûm*": "3rd plural Piel perfect of סתם + 3rd masculine plural suffix - they stopped them up", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines", "*wayəmalʾûm*": "3rd masculine plural Piel imperfect waw-consecutive of מלא + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and they filled them", "*ʿāpār*": "masculine singular noun - dust/dirt/earth" }, "variants": { "*hab-bəʾērōt*": "the wells/the water sources", "*ḥāpərû*": "they had dug/they had excavated", "*sittəmûm*": "they stopped them up/they blocked them/they plugged them", "*ʿāpār*": "dust/dirt/earth/soil" } }
• Gen 26:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Genesis.26.18", "source": "וַיָּ֨שָׁב יִצְחָ֜ק וַיַּחְפֹּ֣ר ׀ אֶת־בְּאֵרֹ֣ת הַמַּ֗יִם אֲשֶׁ֤ר חָֽפְרוּ֙ בִּימֵי֙ אַבְרָהָ֣ם אָבִ֔יו וַיְסַתְּמ֣וּם פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים אַחֲרֵ֖י מ֣וֹת אַבְרָהָ֑ם וַיִּקְרָ֤א לָהֶן֙ שֵׁמ֔וֹת כַּשֵּׁמֹ֕ת אֲשֶׁר־קָרָ֥א לָהֶ֖ן אָבִֽיו׃", "text": "and-*wayyāšāb* *yiṣḥāq* and-*wayyaḥpōr* *ʾet*-*bəʾērōt* *ham-mayim* which *ḥāpərû* in-days-of *ʾabrāhām* his-father and-*wayəsattəmûm* *pəlištîm* after *môt* *ʾabrāhām* and-*wayyiqrāʾ* to-them *šēmôt* like-*haš-šēmōt* which-*qārāʾ* to-them his-father", "grammar": { "*wayyāšāb*": "3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect waw-consecutive of שוב - and he returned", "*yiṣḥāq*": "proper noun - Isaac", "*wayyaḥpōr*": "3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect waw-consecutive of חפר - and he dug", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bəʾērōt*": "feminine plural construct - wells of", "*ham-mayim*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the water", "*ḥāpərû*": "3rd plural Qal perfect of חפר - they had dug", "*ʾabrāhām*": "proper noun - Abraham", "*wayəsattəmûm*": "3rd masculine plural Piel imperfect waw-consecutive of סתם + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and they had stopped them up", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines", "*môt*": "masculine singular construct of מות - death of", "*wayyiqrāʾ*": "3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect waw-consecutive of קרא - and he called", "*šēmôt*": "masculine plural noun - names", "*haš-šēmōt*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the names", "*qārāʾ*": "3rd masculine singular Qal perfect of קרא - he had called" }, "variants": { "*wayyāšāb*": "and he returned/and he went back", "*wayyaḥpōr*": "and he dug/and he excavated/and he reopened", "*bəʾērōt* *ham-mayim*": "wells of water/water wells", "*wayəsattəmûm*": "and they had stopped them up/and they had plugged them/and they had filled them" } }
• Deut 2:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.2.9", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י אֶל־תָּ֙צַר֙ אֶת־מוֹאָ֔ב וְאַל־תִּתְגָּ֥ר בָּ֖ם מִלְחָמָ֑ה כִּ֠י לֹֽא־אֶתֵּ֨ן לְךָ֤ מֵֽאַרְצוֹ֙ יְרֻשָּׁ֔ה כִּ֣י לִבְנֵי־ל֔וֹט נָתַ֥תִּי אֶת־עָ֖ר יְרֻשָּֽׁה׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *YHWH* to me *ʾal-tāṣar* *ʾet*-*môʾāb* and *ʾal-titgār* in them *milḥāmāh* *kî* not-*ʾettēn* to you from *ʾarṣô* *yerušāh* *kî* to *binê-lôṭ* *nātattî* *ʾet*-*ʿār* *yerušāh*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾal-tāṣar*": "negative particle + qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - do not harass", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*ʾal-titgār*": "negative particle + hithpael imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - do not contend", "*milḥāmāh*": "noun feminine singular - battle/war", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾettēn*": "qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will give", "*ʾarṣô*": "noun feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his land", "*yerušāh*": "noun feminine singular - possession", "*binê-lôṭ*": "noun masculine plural construct + proper noun - sons of Lot", "*nātattî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I have given", "*ʿār*": "proper noun - Ar", "*yerušāh*": "noun feminine singular - possession" }, "variants": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "said/spoke/stated", "*tāṣar*": "harass/oppress/distress", "*titgār*": "contend with/provoke/engage in conflict", "*milḥāmāh*": "battle/war/fighting", "*ʾettēn*": "will give/grant/allow", "*ʾarṣô*": "his land/territory/country", "*yerušāh*": "possession/inheritance/property", "*nātattî*": "have given/granted/bestowed" } }
• Deut 20:19-20 : 19 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.20.19", "source": "כִּֽי־תָצ֣וּר אֶל־עִיר֩ יָמִ֨ים רַבִּ֜ים לְֽהִלָּחֵ֧ם עָלֶ֣יהָ לְתָפְשָׂ֗הּ לֹֽא־תַשְׁחִ֤ית אֶת־עֵצָהּ֙ לִנְדֹּ֤חַ עָלָיו֙ גַּרְזֶ֔ן כִּ֚י מִמֶּ֣נּוּ תֹאכֵ֔ל וְאֹת֖וֹ לֹ֣א תִכְרֹ֑ת כִּ֤י הֽ͏ָאָדָם֙ עֵ֣ץ הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה לָבֹ֥א מִפָּנֶ֖יךָ בַּמָּצֽוֹר׃", "text": "When *tāṣûr* against city *yāmîm* *rabbîm* *ləhillāḥēm* against it *lətāpəśāh*, not *tašḥît* *'ēṣāh* by swinging against it *garzeṇ*, for from it *tōʾḵēl*, and it not *tiḵrōt*, for is the *hāʾāḏām* *'ēṣ* *haśāḏeh* to *lāḇōʾ* from before you *bammāṣôr*.", "grammar": { "כִּֽי": "conjunction - when/if", "*tāṣûr*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you besiege", "אֶל": "preposition - against/toward", "עִיר֩": "noun feminine singular construct - city", "*yāmîm*": "noun masculine plural - days", "*rabbîm*": "adjective masculine plural - many", "*ləhillāḥēm*": "preposition + niphal infinitive construct - to fight", "עָלֶ֣יהָ": "preposition with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - against it", "*lətāpəśāh*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - to capture it", "לֹֽא": "negative particle - not", "*tašḥît*": "hiphil imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you shall destroy", "אֶת": "direct object marker", "*'ēṣāh*": "noun masculine singular construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its tree", "לִנְדֹּ֤חַ": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - by swinging/wielding", "עָלָיו֙": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - against it", "*garzeṇ*": "noun masculine singular - axe", "כִּ֚י": "conjunction - for/because", "מִמֶּ֣נּוּ": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - from it", "*tōʾḵēl*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you shall eat", "וְאֹת֖וֹ": "conjunction + direct object marker with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and it", "לֹ֣א": "negative particle - not", "*tiḵrōt*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you shall cut down", "כִּ֤י": "conjunction - for/because", "*hāʾāḏām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the human/man", "*'ēṣ*": "noun masculine singular construct - tree of", "*haśāḏeh*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the field", "*lāḇōʾ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to come/enter", "מִפָּנֶ֖יךָ": "preposition + noun masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - from before you", "*bammāṣôr*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - in the siege" }, "variants": { "*tāṣûr*": "you besiege/lay siege to", "*yāmîm rabbîm*": "many days/a long time", "*ləhillāḥēm*": "to fight/to make war", "*lətāpəśāh*": "to capture it/to seize it", "*tašḥît*": "you shall destroy/ruin", "*'ēṣāh*": "its tree/its trees (collective)", "*garzeṇ*": "axe/cutting tool", "*tōʾḵēl*": "you shall eat/you may eat", "*tiḵrōt*": "you shall cut down/cut off", "*hāʾāḏām*": "the human/man/person", "*'ēṣ haśāḏeh*": "tree of the field", "*lāḇōʾ*": "to come/to enter/to go", "*bammāṣôr*": "in the siege/during the siege" } } 20 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.20.20", "source": "רַ֞ק עֵ֣ץ אֲשֶׁר־תֵּדַ֗ע כִּֽי־לֹא־עֵ֤ץ מַאֲכָל֙ ה֔וּא אֹת֥וֹ תַשְׁחִ֖ית וְכָרָ֑תָּ וּבָנִ֣יתָ מָצ֗וֹר עַל־הָעִיר֙ אֲשֶׁר־הִ֨וא עֹשָׂ֧ה עִמְּךָ֛ מִלְחָמָ֖ה עַ֥ד רִדְתָּֽהּ׃", "text": "Only *'ēṣ* *ʾăšer-tēḏa'* that not *'ēṣ* *maʾăḵāl* *hûʾ*, it *tašḥît* *wəḵārāttā* and you shall build *māṣôr* against *hā'îr* *ʾăšer-hîʾ* *'ōśāh* with you *milḥāmāh* until *riḏtāh*.", "grammar": { "רַ֞ק": "adverb - only/just", "*'ēṣ*": "noun masculine singular construct - tree", "*ʾăšer-tēḏa'*": "relative particle + qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - which you know", "כִּֽי": "conjunction - that", "לֹא": "negative particle - not", "*'ēṣ*": "noun masculine singular construct - tree of", "*maʾăḵāl*": "noun masculine singular - food", "*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - it (is)", "אֹת֥וֹ": "direct object marker with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - it", "*tašḥît*": "hiphil imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you shall destroy", "*wəḵārāttā*": "conjunction + qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - and you shall cut down", "וּבָנִ֣יתָ": "conjunction + qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - and you shall build", "*māṣôr*": "noun masculine singular - siege work", "עַל": "preposition - against", "*hā'îr*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the city", "*ʾăšer-hîʾ*": "relative particle + 3rd person feminine singular pronoun - which it", "*'ōśāh*": "qal participle feminine singular - makes/does", "עִמְּךָ֛": "preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - with you", "*milḥāmāh*": "noun feminine singular - war", "עַ֥ד": "preposition - until", "*riḏtāh*": "qal infinitive construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its falling" }, "variants": { "*'ēṣ*": "tree", "*ʾăšer-tēḏa'*": "which you know/that you recognize", "*'ēṣ maʾăḵāl*": "tree of food/fruit tree", "*tašḥît*": "you shall destroy/ruin", "*wəḵārāttā*": "and you shall cut down/cut off", "*māṣôr*": "siege work/bulwark/fortification", "*hā'îr*": "the city", "*'ōśāh*": "makes/does/wages", "*milḥāmāh*": "war/battle", "*riḏtāh*": "its falling/its submission/until you have subdued it" } }
• Judg 9:45 : 45 { "verseID": "Judges.9.45", "source": "וַאֲבִימֶ֜לֶךְ נִלְחָ֣ם בָּעִ֗יר כֹּ֚ל הַיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא וַיִּלְכֹּד֙ אֶת־הָעִ֔יר וְאֶת־הָעָ֥ם אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֖הּ הָרָ֑ג וַיִּתֹּץ֙ אֶת־הָעִ֔יר וַיִּזְרָעֶ֖הָ מֶֽלַח׃ פ", "text": "And-*waʾăḇîmeleḵ* *nilḥām* against-the-*ʿîr* all the-*yôm* the-that and-*wayyilkōḏ* *ʾet*-the-*ʿîr* and-*ʾet*-the-*ʿām* that-in-her *hārāḡ* and-*wayyittōṣ* *ʾet*-the-*ʿîr* and-*wayyizrāʿehā* *melaḥ*.", "grammar": { "*waʾăḇîmeleḵ*": "conjunction + proper name - and Abimelech", "*nilḥām*": "niphal perfect 3ms - he fought", "*ʿîr*": "feminine singular with definite article - the city", "*yôm*": "masculine singular with definite article - the day", "*wayyilkōḏ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he captured", "*ʿîr*": "feminine singular with definite article - the city", "*ʿām*": "masculine singular with definite article - the people", "*hārāḡ*": "qal perfect 3ms - he killed", "*wayyittōṣ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he tore down", "*ʿîr*": "feminine singular with definite article - the city", "*wayyizrāʿehā*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms with 3fs suffix - and he sowed it", "*melaḥ*": "masculine singular - salt" }, "variants": { "*wayyizrāʿehā melaḥ*": "sowed it with salt (symbolic act of making land infertile/cursed)" } }
• 2 Sam 8:2 : 2 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.8.2", "source": "וַיַּ֣ךְ אֶת־מוֹאָ֗ב וַֽיְמַדְּדֵ֤ם בַּחֶ֙בֶל֙ הַשְׁכֵּ֣ב אוֹתָ֣ם אַ֔רְצָה וַיְמַדֵּ֤ד שְׁנֵֽי־חֲבָלִים֙ לְהָמִ֔ית וּמְלֹ֥א הַחֶ֖בֶל לְהַחֲי֑וֹת וַתְּהִ֤י מוֹאָב֙ לְדָוִ֔ד לַעֲבָדִ֖ים נֹשְׂאֵ֥י מִנְחָֽה׃", "text": "And *wayyak* *ʾet*-*Môʾāb* and *wayəmaddədēm* with *ḥebel* the *haškēb* *ʾôtām* to ground and *wayəmaddēd* two-*ḥăbālîm* to *hāmît* and fullness of the *ḥebel* to *haḥăyôt* and *wattəhî* *Môʾāb* to *Dāwid* for *ʿăbādîm* *nōśəʾê* *minḥâ*.", "grammar": { "*wayyak*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular of *nākâ* - and he struck/defeated", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Môʾāb*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moab", "*wayəmaddədēm*": "waw-consecutive + piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he measured them", "*baḥebel*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - with the cord/rope/measuring line", "*haškēb*": "hiphil infinitive construct - causing to lie down", "*ʾôtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*ʾarṣâ*": "noun, feminine singular + directional hê - to the ground", "*wayəmaddēd*": "waw-consecutive + piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he measured", "*šənê*": "cardinal number, masculine construct - two", "*ḥăbālîm*": "noun, masculine plural - cords/lines/portions", "*ləhāmît*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to kill/put to death", "*məlōʾ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - fullness of", "*haḥebel*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the cord/line/portion", "*ləhaḥăyôt*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to let live/preserve alive", "*wattəhî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - and became", "*Môʾāb*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moab", "*ləDāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - for/to David", "*laʿăbādîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - for servants", "*nōśəʾê*": "qal participle masculine plural construct - bearers of", "*minḥâ*": "noun, feminine singular - tribute/offering/gift" }, "variants": { "*ḥebel*": "measuring cord/line/rope/territory/portion/lot", "*məlōʾ haḥebel*": "full measure/full length of the line/one complete portion", "*haškēb ʾôtām ʾarṣâ*": "making them lie down on the ground/arranging them on the ground", "*ləhāmît*": "to kill/to put to death", "*ləhaḥăyôt*": "to let live/to spare alive", "*nōśəʾê minḥâ*": "bearers of tribute/bringers of gifts/offering bearers" } }