Verse 31

{ "verseID": "Genesis.19.31", "source": "וַתֹּ֧אמֶר הַבְּכִירָ֛ה אֶל־הַצְּעִירָ֖ה אָבִ֣ינוּ זָקֵ֑ן וְאִ֨ישׁ אֵ֤ין בָּאָ֙רֶץ֙ לָב֣וֹא עָלֵ֔ינוּ כְּדֶ֖רֶךְ כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "wə-*tōʾmer* the-*bəkîrâ* to-the-*ṣəʿîrâ* *ʾābînû* *zāqên* wə-*ʾîš* *ʾên* in-the-*ʾāreṣ* to-*bôʾ* upon-us like-*derek* all-the-*ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*tōʾmer*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular with waw consecutive - she said", "*bəkîrâ*": "feminine singular adjective with definite article - the firstborn/elder", "*ṣəʿîrâ*": "feminine singular adjective with definite article - the younger", "*ʾābînû*": "masculine singular noun with 1st plural suffix - our father", "*zāqên*": "adjective masculine singular - old/aged", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the land/earth", "*bôʾ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to come/enter", "*derek*": "masculine singular construct - way of/manner of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the land/earth" }, "variants": { "*bəkîrâ*": "firstborn/elder/oldest", "*ṣəʿîrâ*": "younger/youngest", "*zāqên*": "old/aged/elderly", "*bôʾ* upon-us": "come in to us/have relations with us", "*derek* all-the-*ʾāreṣ*": "way of all the earth/custom of all the land/manner of all the world" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Den eldste sa til den yngste: 'Vår far er gammel, og det er ingen mann her som kan ligge med oss, som er skikken på hele jorden.'

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Den førstefødte sa til den yngste: «Vår far er gammel, og det er ingen mann i landet som kan komme inn til oss etter som det er over hele jorden.

• Norsk King James

  Og den førstefødte sa til den yngre: Faren vår er gammel, og det finnes ikke en mann på jorden som kan komme inn til oss etter de skikkene som er vanlige.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Den eldste sa til den yngste: Vår far er gammel, og her er ingen menn i landet som kan gifte seg med oss slik alle gjør.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Den eldste sa til den yngste: 'Vår far er gammel, og det er ingen mann på jorden som kan komme inn til oss slik det skjer i hele verden.'

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Den eldste sa til den yngste: «Vår far er gammel, og det er ingen mann igjen på jorden som kan være vår etter skikken på jorden.»

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Den eldste sa til den yngste: «Vår far er gammel, og det finnes ingen mann på jorden som kan komme til oss slik det hører til.»

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Den eldste sa til den yngste: «Vår far er gammel, og det er ingen mann igjen på jorden som kan være vår etter skikken på jorden.»

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Den eldste sa til den yngste: «Vår far er gammel, og det finnes ingen mann i landet som kan gå inn til oss etter hele jordens skikk.»

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  The older daughter said to the younger, "Our father is old, and there is no man in the land to marry us in the customary way of the entire earth.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Den eldste sa til den yngste: 'Vår far er gammel, og det er ingen mann i landet til å komme til oss på den vanlige måten.'

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Da sagde den Førstefødte til den Yngste: Vor Fader er gammel, og der er ikke en Mand i dette Land, som kan komme til os efter al Jordens Viis.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And the firstborn said unto the younr, Our father is old, and there is not a man in the earth to come in unto us after the manner of all the earth:

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Den eldste sa til den yngste, "Vår far er gammel, og det finnes ingen mann på jorden som kan komme inn til oss etter alle jordens sedvaner.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  And the firstborn said to the younger, Our father is old, and there is not a man on earth to come in to us in the manner of all the earth.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And the firstborn said unto the younger, Our father is old, and there is not a man in the earth to come in unto us after the manner of all the earth:

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Den eldste sa til den yngste: "Vår far er gammel, og det finnes ingen mann på jorden som kan komme til oss slik det er vanlig overalt.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Den førstefødte sa til den yngste: 'Vår far er gammel, og det finnes ingen mann i jorden til å komme inn til oss som det er vanlig på jorden.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Og den førstefødte sa til den yngre: Vår far er gammel, og det er ingen mann på jorden som kan komme inn til oss etter all jordens skikk.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Den eldste datteren sa til den yngste: Vår far er gammel, og det finnes ingen mann i landet som kan være vår ektemann, slik som skikken er.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  Than sayde the elder vnto the yonger oure father is olde and there are no moo men in the erth to come in vnto vs after the maner of all the world.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Then sayde ye elder vnto the yonger: Oure father is olde, and there is not a man more vpon earth, that can come in vnto vs after the maner of all the worlde.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And the elder saide vnto the yonger, Our father is old, and there is not a man in the earth, to come in vnto vs after the maner of all ye earth.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And the elder said vnto the younger: our father is olde, and there is not a man in the earth to come in vnto vs after the maner of all the worlde.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And the firstborn said unto the younger, Our father [is] old, and [there is] not a man in the earth to come in unto us after the manner of all the earth:

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  The firstborn said to the younger, "Our father is old, and there is not a man in the earth to come in to us after the manner of all the earth.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And the first-born saith unto the younger, `Our father `is' old, and a man there is not in the earth to come in unto us, as `is' the way of all the earth;

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And the first-born said unto the younger, Our father is old, and there is not a man in the earth to come in unto us after the manner of all the earth:

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And the older daughter said to her sister, Our father is old, and there is no man to be a husband to us in the natural way:

• World English Bible (2000)

  The firstborn said to the younger, "Our father is old, and there is not a man in the earth to come in to us in the way of all the earth.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Later the older daughter said to the younger,“Our father is old, and there is no man in the country to sleep with us, the way everyone does.

Referenced Verses

• Gen 16:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Genesis.16.2", "source": "וַתֹּ֨אמֶר שָׂרַ֜י אֶל־אַבְרָ֗ם הִנֵּה־נָ֞א עֲצָרַ֤נִי יְהוָה֙ מִלֶּ֔דֶת בֹּא־נָא֙ אֶל־שִׁפְחָתִ֔י אוּלַ֥י אִבָּנֶ֖ה מִמֵּ֑נָּה וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע אַבְרָ֖ם לְק֥וֹל שָׂרָֽי׃", "text": "And-*tomer* *Saray* to-*'Abram* *hinneh-na* *'atsarani* *YHWH* from-*ledet* *bo'-na* to-*shifchati* *'ulay* *'ibbaneh* from-her, and-*yishma'* *'Abram* to-*qol* *Saray*.", "grammar": { "*tomer*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular with waw consecutive - and she said", "*Saray*": "proper noun, feminine singular - Sarai", "*'el*": "preposition - to", "*'Abram*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Abram", "*hinneh-na*": "demonstrative particle + particle of entreaty - behold, please", "*'atsarani*": "verb, Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - he has restrained me", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - LORD", "*milledet*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - from bearing", "*bo'-na*": "verb, Qal imperative masculine singular + particle of entreaty - go, please", "*'el-shifchati*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - to my maidservant", "*'ulay*": "adverb - perhaps", "*'ibbaneh*": "verb, Niphal imperfect 1st person singular - I will be built up", "*mimennah*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - from her", "*yishma'*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he listened/heard", "*leqol*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - to the voice of" }, "variants": { "*'atsarani*": "restrained me/prevented me/kept me from", "*'ibbaneh*": "be built up/obtain children/be established", "*yishma'*": "listened/heard/obeyed" } }
• Gen 16:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Genesis.16.4", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֥א אֶל־הָגָ֖ר וַתַּ֑הַר וַתֵּ֙רֶא֙ כִּ֣י הָרָ֔תָה וַתֵּקַ֥ל גְּבִרְתָּ֖הּ בְּעֵינֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "And-*yabo'* to-*Hagar* and-*tahar*, and-*tere'* that *haratah*, and-*teqal* *gebirttah* in-*'eyneha*.", "grammar": { "*yabo'*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he went in/came", "*'el*": "preposition - to", "*Hagar*": "proper noun, feminine singular - Hagar", "*tahar*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular with waw consecutive - and she conceived", "*tere'*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular with waw consecutive - and she saw", "*ki*": "conjunction - that", "*haratah*": "verb, Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - she had conceived", "*teqal*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular with waw consecutive - and she became light/insignificant", "*gebirttah*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her mistress", "*be'eyneha*": "preposition + noun, feminine dual with 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her eyes" }, "variants": { "*yabo'*": "went in/came/had relations with", "*teqal*": "became light/became insignificant/despised" } }
• Deut 25:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.25.5", "source": "כִּֽי־יֵשְׁב֨וּ אַחִ֜ים יַחְדָּ֗ו וּמֵ֨ת אַחַ֤ד מֵהֶם֙ וּבֵ֣ן אֵֽין־ל֔וֹ לֹֽא־תִהְיֶ֧ה אֵֽשֶׁת־הַמֵּ֛ת הַח֖וּצָה לְאִ֣ישׁ זָ֑ר יְבָמָהּ֙ יָבֹ֣א עָלֶ֔יהָ וּלְקָחָ֥הּ ל֛וֹ לְאִשָּׁ֖ה וְיִבְּמָֽהּ׃", "text": "When *yēšbû* *ʾaḥîm* *yaḥdāw* *û-mēt* one of-them *û-bēn* none-to-him not *tihyeh* *ʾēšet*-the-*mēt* the-*ḥûṣāh* to-*ʾîš* *zār* *yəbāmāh* *yābōʾ* upon-her *û-ləqāḥāh* to-him to-*ʾiššāh* *wə-yibbəmāh*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - when/if", "*yēšbû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they dwell", "*ʾaḥîm*": "noun masculine plural - brothers", "*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together", "*û-mēt*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and dies", "*ʾaḥad*": "numeral - one", "*mē-hem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - from them", "*û-bēn*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular - and son", "*ʾên-lô*": "particle of negation + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - there is not to him", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tihyeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - she shall be", "*ʾēšet*": "noun feminine singular construct - wife of", "*ha-mēt*": "definite article + qal participle masculine singular - the dead one", "*ha-ḥûṣāh*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the outside/abroad", "*lə-ʾîš*": "preposition + noun masculine singular - to a man", "*zār*": "adjective masculine singular - strange/foreign", "*yəbāmāh*": "noun masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her brother-in-law", "*yābōʾ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he shall go", "*ʿālêhā*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - upon her", "*û-ləqāḥāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and take her", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*lə-ʾiššāh*": "preposition + noun feminine singular - as a wife", "*wə-yibbəmāh*": "conjunction + piel perfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and perform levirate duty to her" }, "variants": { "*yēšbû*": "dwell/live/sit", "*ḥûṣāh*": "outside/abroad/to a stranger", "*zār*": "stranger/foreigner/outsider", "*yābōʾ ʿālêhā*": "come to her/have relations with her", "*yibbəmāh*": "perform levirate marriage/fulfill duty of brother-in-law" } }
• Isa 4:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Isaiah.4.1", "source": "וְהֶחֱזִיקוּ֩ שֶׁ֨בַע נָשִׁ֜ים בְּאִ֣ישׁ אֶחָ֗ד בַּיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לַחְמֵ֣נוּ נֹאכֵ֔ל וְשִׂמְלָתֵ֖נוּ נִלְבָּ֑שׁ רַ֗ק יִקָּרֵ֤א שִׁמְךָ֙ עָלֵ֔ינוּ אֱסֹ֖ף חֶרְפָּתֵֽנוּ׃ ס", "text": "And *ḥeḥeziqu* *šebaʿ* *našim* in *ʾiš* *ʾeḥad* in the *yom* the *hū* to *lēʾmōr*: *laḥmēnū* we will *nōʾkēl*, and *śimlātēnū* we will *nilbāš*; only *yiqqārēʾ* *šimkā* upon us, *ʾesōp* *ḥerpātēnū*.", "grammar": { "*ḥeḥeziqu*": "verb, Hiphil perfect, 3rd plural - they will take hold/seize", "*šebaʿ*": "numeral, feminine - seven", "*našim*": "noun, feminine plural - women", "*ʾiš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*ʾeḥad*": "numeral, masculine singular - one", "*yom*": "noun, masculine singular - day", "*hū*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - that", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to say", "*laḥmēnū*": "noun + 1st plural possessive suffix - our bread", "*nōʾkēl*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 1st plural - we will eat", "*śimlātēnū*": "noun + 1st plural possessive suffix - our clothing", "*nilbāš*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 1st plural - we will wear", "*yiqqārēʾ*": "verb, Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - let be called", "*šimkā*": "noun + 2nd masculine singular possessive suffix - your name", "*ʾesōp*": "verb, Qal imperative, masculine singular - take away/gather", "*ḥerpātēnū*": "noun + 1st plural possessive suffix - our reproach" }, "variants": { "*ḥeḥeziqu*": "seize/take hold of/grasp firmly", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying/to say", "*ʾesōp*": "gather/take away/remove", "*ḥerpātēnū*": "reproach/disgrace/shame" } }
• Mark 9:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Mark.9.6", "source": "Οὐ γὰρ ᾔδει τί λαλήσῃ· ἦσαν γὰρ ἔκφοβοι.", "text": "Not for he *ēdei ti lalēsē*; they were for *ekphoboi*.", "grammar": { "*ēdei*": "pluperfect active, 3rd singular - he knew/had known", "*ti*": "interrogative pronoun - what", "*lalēsē*": "aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular - he might speak", "*ēsan*": "imperfect active, 3rd plural - they were", "*ekphoboi*": "nominative plural - terrified/afraid" }, "variants": { "*ēdei*": "knew/had known/understood", "*lalēsē*": "might speak/say/utter", "*ekphoboi*": "terrified/frightened/exceedingly afraid" } }
• Gen 4:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Genesis.4.1", "source": "וְהָ֣אָדָ֔ם יָדַ֖ע אֶת־חַוָּ֣ה אִשְׁתּ֑וֹ וַתַּ֙הַר֙ וַתֵּ֣לֶד אֶת־קַ֔יִן וַתֹּ֕אמֶר קָנִ֥יתִי אִ֖ישׁ אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "And *ha-ʾadam* *yadaʿ* *ʾet*-*Ḥawwah* *ʾishto* and-she-*tahar* and-she-*teled* *ʾet*-*Qayin* and-she-*tomer* *qaniti* *ʾish* *ʾet*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*ha-ʾadam*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the man/Adam", "*yadaʿ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - knew/had relations with", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Ḥawwah*": "proper noun, feminine singular - Eve", "*ʾishto*": "noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wife", "*tahar*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - became pregnant", "*teled*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - gave birth to", "*Qayin*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Cain", "*tomer*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - said", "*qaniti*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I have acquired/gotten", "*ʾish*": "noun, masculine singular - man/male", "*YHWH*": "divine name" }, "variants": { "*yadaʿ*": "knew/had sexual relations with/was intimate with", "*qaniti*": "I have acquired/created/produced/purchased", "*ʾet*-*YHWH*": "with YHWH/from YHWH/through YHWH" } }
• Gen 6:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Genesis.6.4", "source": "הַנְּפִלִ֞ים הָי֣וּ בָאָרֶץ֮ בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵם֒ וְגַ֣ם אַֽחֲרֵי־כֵ֗ן אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָבֹ֜אוּ בְּנֵ֤י הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ אֶל־בְּנ֣וֹת הֽ͏ָאָדָ֔ם וְיָלְד֖וּ לָהֶ֑ם הֵ֧מָּה הַגִּבֹּרִ֛ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר מֵעוֹלָ֖ם אַנְשֵׁ֥י הַשֵּֽׁם׃", "text": "The *nĕp̄ilîm* *hāyû* in *ʾāreṣ* in *yāmîm* those and also *ʾaḥărê*-*kēn* which *yābōʾû* *bĕnê* *hā-ʾĕlōhîm* unto *bĕnôt* *hā-ʾādām* and *yālĕdû* to them *hēmmâ* the *gibbōrîm* which from *ʿôlām* *ʾanšê* the *šēm*", "grammar": { "*nĕp̄ilîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - giants/fallen ones", "*hāyû*": "qal perfect 3cp - were", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun feminine singular with prefix preposition - in the earth/land", "*yāmîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article and prefix preposition - in the days", "*ʾaḥărê-kēn*": "preposition + adverb - after that", "*yābōʾû*": "qal imperfect 3mp - they came/went", "*bĕnê*": "noun masculine plural construct - sons of", "*hā-ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - God/gods/divine beings", "*bĕnôt*": "noun feminine plural construct - daughters of", "*hā-ʾādām*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - man/mankind/humanity", "*yālĕdû*": "qal perfect 3cp - they bore", "*hēmmâ*": "3mp personal pronoun - they", "*gibbōrîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - mighty men/heroes/warriors", "*ʿôlām*": "noun masculine singular with prefix preposition - from ancient time/old", "*ʾanšê*": "noun masculine plural construct - men of", "*šēm*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - name/renown/fame" }, "variants": { "*nĕp̄ilîm*": "giants/fallen ones/mighty ones", "*gibbōrîm*": "mighty men/heroes/warriors", "*ʾanšê* *ha-šēm*": "men of renown/men of name/famous men" } }
• Gen 19:28 : 28 { "verseID": "Genesis.19.28", "source": "וַיַּשְׁקֵ֗ף עַל־פְּנֵ֤י סְדֹם֙ וַעֲמֹרָ֔ה וְעַֽל־כָּל־פְּנֵ֖י אֶ֣רֶץ הַכִּכָּ֑ר וַיַּ֗רְא וְהִנֵּ֤ה עָלָה֙ קִיטֹ֣ר הָאָ֔רֶץ כְּקִיטֹ֖ר הַכִּבְשָֽׁן׃", "text": "wə-*yaškêp* upon-*pənêy* *Sədōm* wə-*ʿĂmōrâ* wə-upon-all-*pənêy* *ʾereṣ* the-*kikār* wə-*yarʾ* wə-*hinnêh* *ʿālâ* *qîṭōr* the-*ʾāreṣ* like-*qîṭōr* the-*kibšān*", "grammar": { "*yaškêp*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - he looked down", "*pənêy*": "masculine plural construct - face of", "*Sədōm*": "proper noun - Sodom", "*ʿĂmōrâ*": "proper noun - Gomorrah", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular construct - land of", "*kikār*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the plain/valley/circle", "*yarʾ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - he saw", "*hinnêh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look", "*ʿālâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - it went up", "*qîṭōr*": "masculine singular construct - smoke of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the land/earth", "*kibšān*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the furnace/kiln" }, "variants": { "*yaškêp*": "looked down/gazed down/looked out", "*pənêy*": "face of/surface of/region of", "*kikār*": "plain/valley/circle/district", "*ʿālâ*": "went up/ascended/rose", "*qîṭōr*": "smoke/vapor", "*kibšān*": "furnace/kiln" } }
• Gen 38:8-9 : 8 { "verseID": "Genesis.38.8", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוּדָה֙ לְאוֹנָ֔ן בֹּ֛א אֶל־אֵ֥שֶׁת אָחִ֖יךָ וְיַבֵּ֣ם אֹתָ֑הּ וְהָקֵ֥ם זֶ֖רַע לְאָחִֽיךָ", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *Yehûdāh* to *ʾÔnān*, *bōʾ* unto *ʾēšet* your *ʾāḥîḵā* and *yabbēm* *ʾōtāh*, and *hāqēm* *zeraʿ* to your *ʾāḥîḵā*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah", "*ʾÔnān*": "proper noun, masculine - Onan", "*bōʾ*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - go in/come", "*ʾēšet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - wife of", "*ʾāḥîḵā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your brother", "*yabbēm*": "piel imperative, masculine singular - perform levirate duty to", "*ʾōtāh*": "direct object marker + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her", "*hāqēm*": "hiphil imperative, masculine singular - raise up/establish", "*zeraʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - seed/offspring", "*ʾāḥîḵā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your brother" }, "variants": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "and he said/spoke/commanded", "*bōʾ*": "go in/come to/have relations with", "*yabbēm*": "perform levirate marriage duty/fulfill brother-in-law obligation", "*hāqēm*": "raise up/establish/maintain", "*zeraʿ*": "seed/offspring/descendants" } } 9 { "verseID": "Genesis.38.9", "source": "וַיֵּ֣דַע אוֹנָ֔ן כִּ֛י לֹּ֥א ל֖וֹ יִהְיֶ֣ה הַזָּ֑רַע וְהָיָ֞ה אִם־בָּ֨א אֶל־אֵ֤שֶׁת אָחִיו֙ וְשִׁחֵ֣ת אַ֔רְצָה לְבִלְתִּ֥י נְתָן־זֶ֖רַע לְאָחִֽיו", "text": "And *wayyēdaʿ* *ʾÔnān* that *lōʾ* to him *yihyeh* the *zāraʿ*, and *wəhāyāh* if *bāʾ* unto *ʾēšet* his *ʾāḥîw* and *wəšiḥēt* *ʾarṣāh* to prevent *nətān*-*zeraʿ* to his *ʾāḥîw*", "grammar": { "*wayyēdaʿ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he knew", "*ʾÔnān*": "proper noun, masculine - Onan", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - would be", "*zāraʿ*": "noun, masculine singular + definite article - the offspring/seed", "*wəhāyāh*": "waw-consecutive + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it was/happened", "*bāʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he went in", "*ʾēšet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - wife of", "*ʾāḥîw*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his brother", "*wəšiḥēt*": "waw-consecutive + piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he ruined/destroyed", "*ʾarṣāh*": "noun, feminine singular + directional heh - to the ground", "*nətān*": "qal infinitive construct - giving", "*zeraʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - seed/offspring", "*ʾāḥîw*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his brother" }, "variants": { "*wayyēdaʿ*": "and he knew/recognized/understood", "*yihyeh*": "would be/become/belong to", "*wəhāyāh*": "and it was/happened/came to pass", "*bāʾ*": "went in to/had relations with", "*wəšiḥēt*": "and he ruined/wasted/destroyed", "*ʾarṣāh*": "to the ground/on the earth/to the floor", "*nətān*": "giving/providing/establishing" } }
• Gen 38:14-30 : 14 { "verseID": "Genesis.38.14", "source": "וַתָּסַר֩ בִּגְדֵ֨י אַלְמְנוּתָ֜הּ מֵֽעָלֶ֗יהָ וַתְּכַ֤ס בַּצָּעִיף֙ וַתִּתְעַלָּ֔ף וַתֵּ֙שֶׁב֙ בְּפֶ֣תַח עֵינַ֔יִם אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־דֶּ֣רֶךְ תִּמְנָ֑תָה כִּ֤י רָאֲתָה֙ כִּֽי־גָדַ֣ל שֵׁלָ֔ה וְהִ֕וא לֹֽא־נִתְּנָ֥ה ל֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה", "text": "And *wattāsar* *bigdê* her *ʾalmənûtāh* from *mēʿāleyhā* and *wattəkas* with the *baṣṣāʿîp* and *wattitʿallāp* and *wattēšeb* in *betaḥ* *ʿênayim* which is on *dereḵ* *Timnātāh*, for *rāʾătāh* that *gādal* *Šēlāh* and she *lōʾ*-*nittənāh* to him *ləʾiššāh*", "grammar": { "*wattāsar*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she removed", "*bigdê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - garments of", "*ʾalmənûtāh*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her widowhood", "*mēʿāleyhā*": "preposition + preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - from upon her", "*wattəkas*": "waw-consecutive + piel imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she covered", "*baṣṣāʿîp*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - with the veil", "*wattitʿallāp*": "waw-consecutive + hithpael imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she wrapped herself", "*wattēšeb*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she sat", "*betaḥ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in the entrance of", "*ʿênayim*": "noun, dual - Enaim/two springs", "*dereḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - way to/road to", "*Timnātāh*": "proper noun + directional heh - to Timnah", "*rāʾătāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she saw", "*gādal*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he had grown up", "*Šēlāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Shelah", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*nittənāh*": "niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she was given", "*ləʾiššāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - for a wife" }, "variants": { "*wattāsar*": "and she removed/took off/put aside", "*bigdê*": "garments/clothes", "*ʾalmənûtāh*": "her widowhood/her widow's garments", "*wattəkas*": "and she covered/concealed", "*baṣṣāʿîp*": "with the veil/with the wrapper/with the shawl", "*wattitʿallāp*": "and she wrapped herself/disguised herself/covered herself", "*wattēšeb*": "and she sat/remained/dwelled", "*betaḥ*": "in the entrance of/at the opening of/at the gateway of", "*ʿênayim*": "Enaim (place name)/two springs/double fountain", "*rāʾătāh*": "she saw/perceived/understood", "*gādal*": "had grown up/matured/became older", "*nittənāh*": "she was given/provided/offered" } } 15 { "verseID": "Genesis.38.15", "source": "וַיִּרְאֶ֣הָ יְהוּדָ֔ה וֽ͏ַיַּחְשְׁבֶ֖הָ לְזוֹנָ֑ה כִּ֥י כִסְּתָ֖ה פָּנֶֽיהָ", "text": "And *wayyirʾehā* *Yehûdāh* and *wayyaḥšəbehā* for *zônāh*, for *kissətāh* her *pāneyhā*", "grammar": { "*wayyirʾehā*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and he saw her", "*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah", "*wayyaḥšəbehā*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and he thought her", "*zônāh*": "noun, feminine singular - prostitute", "*kissətāh*": "piel perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she had covered", "*pāneyhā*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her face" }, "variants": { "*wayyirʾehā*": "and he saw her/noticed her/observed her", "*wayyaḥšəbehā*": "and he thought her/considered her/took her for", "*zônāh*": "prostitute/harlot", "*kissətāh*": "she had covered/concealed/veiled" } } 16 { "verseID": "Genesis.38.16", "source": "וַיֵּ֨ט אֵלֶ֜יהָ אֶל־הַדֶּ֗רֶךְ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הָֽבָה־נָּא֙ אָב֣וֹא אֵלַ֔יִךְ כִּ֚י לֹ֣א יָדַ֔ע כִּ֥י כַלָּת֖וֹ הִ֑וא וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ מַה־תִּתֶּן־לִּ֔י כִּ֥י תָב֖וֹא אֵלָֽי", "text": "And *wayyēṭ* unto her by the *haddereḵ* and *wayyōʾmer*, *hābāh*-*nāʾ* *ʾābôʾ* unto you, for *lōʾ* *yādaʿ* that his *kallātô* she *hîʾ*. And *wattōʾmer*, what *titten*-to me if *tābôʾ* unto me?", "grammar": { "*wayyēṭ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he turned aside", "*haddereḵ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the way/road", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*hābāh*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - give/come", "*nāʾ*": "particle - please", "*ʾābôʾ*": "qal imperfect, 1st common singular - let me come in", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yādaʿ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he knew", "*kallātô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his daughter-in-law", "*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular personal pronoun - she", "*wattōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she said", "*titten*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you will give", "*tābôʾ*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you come in" }, "variants": { "*wayyēṭ*": "and he turned aside/turned toward/approached", "*hābāh*": "come/give/let me", "*ʾābôʾ*": "let me come in/let me have relations with", "*yādaʿ*": "he knew/recognized/was aware", "*titten*": "you will give/provide/offer", "*tābôʾ*": "you come in/have relations with" } } 17 { "verseID": "Genesis.38.17", "source": "וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אָנֹכִ֛י אֲשַׁלַּ֥ח גְּדִֽי־עִזִּ֖ים מִן־הַצֹּ֑אן וַתֹּ֕אמֶר אִם־תִּתֵּ֥ן עֵרָב֖וֹן עַ֥ד שָׁלְחֶֽךָ", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer*, I *ʾăšallaḥ* *gədî*-*ʿizzîm* from the *haṣṣōʾn*. And *wattōʾmer*, if *tittēn* *ʿērābôn* until your *šālḥeḵā*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾăšallaḥ*": "piel imperfect, 1st common singular - I will send", "*gədî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - young goat of", "*ʿizzîm*": "noun, feminine plural - goats", "*haṣṣōʾn*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the flock", "*wattōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she said", "*tittēn*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you will give", "*ʿērābôn*": "noun, masculine singular - pledge", "*šālḥeḵā*": "qal infinitive construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your sending" }, "variants": { "*ʾăšallaḥ*": "I will send/dispatch/deliver", "*gədî*": "young goat/kid", "*tittēn*": "you will give/provide/offer", "*ʿērābôn*": "pledge/security/guarantee", "*šālḥeḵā*": "your sending/until you send" } } 18 { "verseID": "Genesis.38.18", "source": "וַיֹּ֗אמֶר מָ֣ה הֽ͏ָעֵרָבוֹן֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶתֶּן־לָּךְ֒ וַתֹּ֗אמֶר חֹתָֽמְךָ֙ וּפְתִילֶ֔ךָ וּמַטְּךָ֖ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ וַיִּתֶּן־לָּ֛הּ וַיָּבֹ֥א אֵלֶ֖יהָ וַתַּ֥הַר לֽוֹ", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer*, what *hāʿērābôn* that *ʾettēn*-to you? And *wattōʾmer*, your *ḥōtāməḵā* and your *pətîleḵā* and your *maṭṭəḵā* which are in your *bəyādeḵā*. And *wayyittēn*-to her and *wayyābōʾ* unto her and *wattahar* by him", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*hāʿērābôn*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the pledge", "*ʾettēn*": "qal imperfect, 1st common singular - I shall give", "*wattōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she said", "*ḥōtāməḵā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your seal", "*pətîleḵā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your cord", "*maṭṭəḵā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your staff", "*bəyādeḵā*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - in your hand", "*wayyittēn*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he gave", "*wayyābōʾ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went in", "*wattahar*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she conceived" }, "variants": { "*hāʿērābôn*": "the pledge/security/guarantee", "*ʾettēn*": "I shall give/provide/offer", "*ḥōtāməḵā*": "your seal/signet ring", "*pətîleḵā*": "your cord/string/ribbon", "*maṭṭəḵā*": "your staff/rod/walking stick", "*wayyittēn*": "and he gave/provided/handed over", "*wayyābōʾ*": "and he went in/had relations with", "*wattahar*": "and she conceived/became pregnant" } } 19 { "verseID": "Genesis.38.19", "source": "וַתָּ֣קָם וַתֵּ֔לֶךְ וַתָּ֥סַר צְעִיפָ֖הּ מֵעָלֶ֑יהָ וַתִּלְבַּ֖שׁ בִּגְדֵ֥י אַלְמְנוּתָֽהּ", "text": "And *wattāqām* and *wattēleḵ* and *wattāsar* her *ṣəʿîpāh* from *mēʿāleyhā* and *wattilbaš* *bigdê* her *ʾalmənûtāh*", "grammar": { "*wattāqām*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she arose", "*wattēleḵ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she went", "*wattāsar*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she removed", "*ṣəʿîpāh*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her veil", "*mēʿāleyhā*": "preposition + preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - from upon her", "*wattilbaš*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she put on", "*bigdê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - garments of", "*ʾalmənûtāh*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her widowhood" }, "variants": { "*wattāqām*": "and she arose/got up/stood up", "*wattēleḵ*": "and she went/departed/left", "*wattāsar*": "and she removed/took off", "*ṣəʿîpāh*": "her veil/shawl/covering", "*wattilbaš*": "and she put on/wore/dressed in", "*bigdê*": "garments/clothes", "*ʾalmənûtāh*": "her widowhood/her widow's garments" } } 20 { "verseID": "Genesis.38.20", "source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח יְהוּדָ֜ה אֶת־גְּדִ֣י הָֽעִזִּ֗ים בְּיַד֙ רֵעֵ֣הוּ הָֽעֲדֻלָּמִ֔י לָקַ֥חַת הָעֵרָב֖וֹן מִיַּ֣ד הָאִשָּׁ֑ה וְלֹ֖א מְצָאָֽהּ", "text": "And *wayyišlaḥ* *Yehûdāh* *ʾet*-*gədî* the *hāʿizzîm* by *bəyad* his *rēʿēhû* the *hāʿAdullāmî* to *lāqaḥat* the *hāʿērābôn* from *miyyad* the *hāʾiššāh*, and *lōʾ* *məṣāʾāh*", "grammar": { "*wayyišlaḥ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he sent", "*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*gədî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - young goat of", "*hāʿizzîm*": "definite article + noun, feminine plural - the goats", "*bəyad*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - by the hand of", "*rēʿēhû*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his friend", "*hāʿAdullāmî*": "definite article + adjective, masculine singular - the Adullamite", "*lāqaḥat*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to take", "*hāʿērābôn*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the pledge", "*miyyad*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - from the hand of", "*hāʾiššāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the woman", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*məṣāʾāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - he found her" }, "variants": { "*wayyišlaḥ*": "and he sent/dispatched", "*gədî*": "young goat/kid", "*lāqaḥat*": "to take/retrieve/get back", "*hāʿērābôn*": "the pledge/security/guarantee", "*məṣāʾāh*": "he found her/located her" } } 21 { "verseID": "Genesis.38.21", "source": "וַיִּשְׁאַ֞ל אֶת־אַנְשֵׁ֤י מְקֹמָהּ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אַיֵּ֧ה הַקְּדֵשָׁ֛ה הִ֥וא בָעֵינַ֖יִם עַל־הַדָּ֑רֶךְ וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ לֹא־הָיְתָ֥ה בָזֶ֖ה קְדֵשָֽׁה", "text": "And *wayyišʾal* *ʾet*-*ʾanšê* her *məqōmāh* *lēʾmōr*, where is the *haqqədēšāh* who was in *bāʿênayim* on the *haddāreḵ*? And *wayyōʾmərû*, *lōʾ*-*hāyətāh* here *qədēšāh*", "grammar": { "*wayyišʾal*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he asked", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - men of", "*məqōmāh*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her place", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*haqqədēšāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the cult prostitute", "*bāʿênayim*": "preposition + proper noun - in Enaim", "*haddāreḵ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the way/road", "*wayyōʾmərû*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they said", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*hāyətāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she was", "*qədēšāh*": "noun, feminine singular - cult prostitute" }, "variants": { "*wayyišʾal*": "and he asked/inquired of", "*məqōmāh*": "her place/her location/her town", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying/to say", "*haqqədēšāh*": "the cult prostitute/temple prostitute/sacred woman", "*hāyətāh*": "she was/has been/existed" } } 22 { "verseID": "Genesis.38.22", "source": "וַיָּ֙שָׁב֙ אֶל־יְהוּדָ֔ה וַיֹּ֖אמֶר לֹ֣א מְצָאתִ֑יהָ וְגַ֨ם אַנְשֵׁ֤י הַמָּקוֹם֙ אָֽמְר֔וּ לֹא־הָיְתָ֥ה בָזֶ֖ה קְדֵשָֽׁה", "text": "And *wayyāšāb* unto *Yehûdāh* and *wayyōʾmer*, *lōʾ* *məṣāʾtîhā*, and also *ʾanšê* the *hammāqôm* *ʾāmərû*, *lōʾ*-*hāyətāh* here *qədēšāh*", "grammar": { "*wayyāšāb*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he returned", "*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*məṣāʾtîhā*": "qal perfect, 1st common singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - I found her", "*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - men of", "*hammāqôm*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the place", "*ʾāmərû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they said", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*hāyətāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she was", "*qədēšāh*": "noun, feminine singular - cult prostitute" }, "variants": { "*wayyāšāb*": "and he returned/came back", "*məṣāʾtîhā*": "I found her/located her/discovered her", "*ʾāmərû*": "they said/declared/stated", "*hāyətāh*": "she was/has been/existed" } } 23 { "verseID": "Genesis.38.23", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוּדָה֙ תִּֽקַּֽח־לָ֔הּ פֶּ֖ן נִהְיֶ֣ה לָב֑וּז הִנֵּ֤ה שָׁלַ֙חְתִּי֙ הַגְּדִ֣י הַזֶּ֔ה וְאַתָּ֖ה לֹ֥א מְצָאתָֽהּ", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *Yehûdāh*, *tiqqaḥ*-to her, lest *nihyeh* to *lābûz*. Behold, *šālaḥtî* the *haggedî* the *hazzeh*, and you *lōʾ* *məṣāʾtāh*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah", "*tiqqaḥ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular jussive - let her take", "*nihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 1st common plural - we become", "*lābûz*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - to contempt/ridicule", "*šālaḥtî*": "qal perfect, 1st common singular - I sent", "*haggedî*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the young goat", "*hazzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*məṣāʾtāh*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - you found her" }, "variants": { "*tiqqaḥ*": "let her take/keep/have", "*nihyeh*": "we become/turn into/end up as", "*lābûz*": "to contempt/mockery/ridicule/scorn", "*šālaḥtî*": "I sent/dispatched", "*məṣāʾtāh*": "you found her/located her" } } 24 { "verseID": "Genesis.38.24", "source": "וַיְהִ֣י ׀ כְּמִשְׁלֹ֣שׁ חֳדָשִׁ֗ים וַיֻּגַּ֨ד לִֽיהוּדָ֤ה לֽ͏ֵאמֹר֙ זָֽנְתָה֙ תָּמָ֣ר כַּלָּתֶ֔ךָ וְגַ֛ם הִנֵּ֥ה הָרָ֖ה לִזְנוּנִ֑ים וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוּדָ֔ה הוֹצִיא֖וּהָ וְתִשָּׂרֵֽף", "text": "And *wayehî* after about three *ḥŏdāšîm*, and *wayyuggad* to *Yehûdāh* *lēʾmōr*, *zānətāh* *Tāmār* your *kallāteḵā*, and also behold, she is *hārāh* to *liznûnîm*. And *wayyōʾmer* *Yehûdāh*, *hôṣîʾûhā* and *wətiśśārēp*", "grammar": { "*wayehî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it happened", "*ḥŏdāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - months", "*wayyuggad*": "waw-consecutive + hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it was told", "*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*zānətāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she has played the harlot", "*Tāmār*": "proper noun, feminine - Tamar", "*kallāteḵā*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your daughter-in-law", "*hārāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - pregnant", "*liznûnîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - by harlotry", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah", "*hôṣîʾûhā*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - bring her out", "*wətiśśārēp*": "waw-conjunctive + niphal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular jussive - and let her be burned" }, "variants": { "*wayehî*": "and it happened/came to pass", "*wayyuggad*": "and it was told/reported/announced", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying/to say", "*zānətāh*": "she has played the harlot/prostituted herself/been sexually immoral", "*hārāh*": "pregnant/with child", "*liznûnîm*": "by harlotry/by prostitution/by sexual immorality", "*hôṣîʾûhā*": "bring her out/take her out", "*wətiśśārēp*": "and let her be burned/let her be executed by fire" } } 25 { "verseID": "Genesis.38.25", "source": "הִ֣וא מוּצֵ֗את וְהִ֨יא שָׁלְחָ֤ה אֶל־חָמִ֙יהָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לְאִישׁ֙ אֲשֶׁר־אֵ֣לֶּה לּ֔וֹ אָנֹכִ֖י הָרָ֑ה וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַכֶּר־נָ֔א לְמִ֞י הַחֹתֶ֧מֶת וְהַפְּתִילִ֛ים וְהַמַּטֶּ֖ה הָאֵֽלֶּה", "text": "She *mûṣēʾt* and she *šāləḥāh* unto her *ḥāmîhā* *lēʾmōr*, by *ləʾîš* that these belong to *lô*, I am *hārāh*. And *wattōʾmer*, *hakker*-*nāʾ* to whom the *haḥōtemet* and the *hapətîlîm* and the *hammaṭṭeh* *hāʾēlleh*?", "grammar": { "*mûṣēʾt*": "hophal participle, feminine singular - being brought out", "*šāləḥāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she sent", "*ḥāmîhā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her father-in-law", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*ləʾîš*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - by the man", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*hārāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - pregnant", "*wattōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she said", "*hakker*": "hiphil imperative, masculine singular - recognize/identify", "*nāʾ*": "particle - please", "*haḥōtemet*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the seal", "*hapətîlîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the cords", "*hammaṭṭeh*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the staff", "*hāʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, common plural - these" }, "variants": { "*mûṣēʾt*": "being brought out/as she was being taken out", "*šāləḥāh*": "she sent/dispatched/had someone take", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying/to say", "*ləʾîš*": "by the man/to the man", "*hārāh*": "pregnant/with child", "*hakker*": "recognize/identify/acknowledge" } } 26 { "verseID": "Genesis.38.26", "source": "וַיַּכֵּ֣ר יְהוּדָ֗ה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ צָֽדְקָ֣ה מִמֶּ֔נִּי כִּֽי־עַל־כֵּ֥ן לֹא־נְתַתִּ֖יהָ לְשֵׁלָ֣ה בְנִ֑י וְלֹֽא־יָסַ֥ף ע֖וֹד לְדַעְתָּֽה", "text": "And *wayyakkēr* *Yehûdāh* and *wayyōʾmer*, *ṣādəqāh* from me, for therefore *lōʾ*-*nətattîhā* to *Šēlāh* *bənî*, and *lōʾ*-*yāsap* again *lədaʿtāh*", "grammar": { "*wayyakkēr*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he recognized", "*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ṣādəqāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she is more righteous", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*nətattîhā*": "qal perfect, 1st common singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - I gave her", "*Šēlāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Shelah", "*bənî*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 1st common singular suffix - my son", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yāsap*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he continued", "*lədaʿtāh*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - to know her" }, "variants": { "*wayyakkēr*": "and he recognized/identified/acknowledged", "*ṣādəqāh*": "she is more righteous/she is right/she is just", "*nətattîhā*": "I gave her/provided her/offered her", "*yāsap*": "he continued/added/proceeded", "*lədaʿtāh*": "to know her/to have relations with her" } } 27 { "verseID": "Genesis.38.27", "source": "וַיְהִ֖י בְּעֵ֣ת לִדְתָּ֑הּ וְהִנֵּ֥ה תְאוֹמִ֖ים בְּבִטְנָֽהּ", "text": "And *wayehî* in *ʿēt* her *lidtāh*, and behold, *təʾômîm* in her *bəbiṭnāh*", "grammar": { "*wayehî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it happened", "*ʿēt*": "noun, feminine singular construct - time of", "*lidtāh*": "qal infinitive construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her giving birth", "*təʾômîm*": "noun, masculine plural - twins", "*bəbiṭnāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her womb" }, "variants": { "*wayehî*": "and it happened/came to pass", "*ʿēt*": "time/period", "*lidtāh*": "her giving birth/her delivery", "*təʾômîm*": "twins/a pair", "*bəbiṭnāh*": "in her womb/in her belly" } } 28 { "verseID": "Genesis.38.28", "source": "וַיְהִ֥י בְלִדְתָּ֖הּ וַיִּתֶּן־יָ֑ד וַתִּקַּ֣ח הַמְיַלֶּ֗דֶת וַתִּקְשֹׁ֨ר עַל־יָד֤וֹ שָׁנִי֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר זֶ֖ה יָצָ֥א רִאשֹׁנָֽה", "text": "And *wayehî* in her *bəlidtāh* and *wayyitten*-*yād*, and *wattiqaḥ* the *hameyalledet* and *wattiqšōr* on his *yādô* *šānî* *lēʾmōr*, this one *yāṣāʾ* *rīʾšōnāh*", "grammar": { "*wayehî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it happened", "*bəlidtāh*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her giving birth", "*wayyitten*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he gave", "*yād*": "noun, feminine singular - hand", "*wattiqaḥ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she took", "*hameyalledet*": "definite article + piel participle, feminine singular - the midwife", "*wattiqšōr*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she tied", "*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*šānî*": "noun, masculine singular - scarlet thread", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*yāṣāʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he came out", "*rīʾšōnāh*": "adverb - first" }, "variants": { "*wayehî*": "and it happened/came to pass", "*bəlidtāh*": "in her giving birth/while she was in labor", "*wayyitten*": "and he gave/put out/extended", "*yād*": "hand/arm", "*wattiqaḥ*": "and she took/grasped", "*hameyalledet*": "the midwife/the one helping with birth", "*wattiqšōr*": "and she tied/bound/fastened", "*šānî*": "scarlet thread/crimson cord", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying/to say", "*yāṣāʾ*": "he came out/emerged", "*rīʾšōnāh*": "first/firstly" } } 29 { "verseID": "Genesis.38.29", "source": "וַיְהִ֣י ׀ כְּמֵשִׁ֣יב יָד֗וֹ וְהִנֵּה֙ יָצָ֣א אָחִ֔יו וַתֹּ֕אמֶר מַה־פָּרַ֖צְתָּ עָלֶ֣יךָ פָּ֑רֶץ וַיִּקְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ פָּֽרֶץ", "text": "And *wayehî* as he *kəmēšîb* his *yādô*, and behold, *yāṣāʾ* his *ʾāḥîw*. And *wattōʾmer*, how *pāraṣtā* upon you *pāreṣ*! And *wayyiqrāʾ* his *šemô* *Pāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*wayehî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it happened", "*kəmēšîb*": "preposition + hiphil participle, masculine singular - as withdrawing", "*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*yāṣāʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he came out", "*ʾāḥîw*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his brother", "*wattōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she said", "*pāraṣtā*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have broken out", "*pāreṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - breach", "*wayyiqrāʾ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he called", "*šemô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name", "*Pāreṣ*": "proper noun, masculine - Perez" }, "variants": { "*wayehî*": "and it happened/came to pass", "*kəmēšîb*": "as withdrawing/as pulling back/when returning", "*yāṣāʾ*": "he came out/emerged", "*wattōʾmer*": "and she said/exclaimed", "*pāraṣtā*": "you have broken out/burst forth/made a breach", "*pāreṣ*": "breach/breaking out", "*wayyiqrāʾ*": "and he called/named" } } 30 { "verseID": "Genesis.38.30", "source": "וְאַחַר֙ יָצָ֣א אָחִ֔יו אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־יָד֖וֹ הַשָּׁנִ֑י וַיִּקְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ זָֽרַח", "text": "And afterward *yāṣāʾ* his *ʾāḥîw* who had on his *yādô* the *haššānî*, and *wayyiqrāʾ* his *šemô* *Zāraḥ*", "grammar": { "*yāṣāʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he came out", "*ʾāḥîw*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his brother", "*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*haššānî*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the scarlet thread", "*wayyiqrāʾ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he called", "*šemô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name", "*Zāraḥ*": "proper noun, masculine - Zerah" }, "variants": { "*yāṣāʾ*": "he came out/emerged", "*haššānî*": "the scarlet thread/crimson cord", "*wayyiqrāʾ*": "and he called/named" } }