Verse 9
{ "verseID": "Habakkuk.1.9", "source": "כֻּלֹּה֙ לְחָמָ֣ס יָב֔וֹא מְגַמַּ֥ת פְּנֵיהֶ֖ם קָדִ֑ימָה וַיֶּאֱסֹ֥ף כַּח֖וֹל שֶֽׁבִי׃", "text": "All-of-it for-*ḥāmās* *yāḇôʾ* *məḡammaṯ* faces-of-them *qāḏîmāh* and-*yeʾĕsōp̄* like-the-*ḥôl* *šeḇî*", "grammar": { "*kullōh*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - all of it", "*ləḥāmās*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - for violence", "*yāḇôʾ*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it comes/will come", "*məḡammaṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - direction/intent of", "*pənêhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their faces", "*qāḏîmāh*": "adverb - eastward/forward", "*wa-yeʾĕsōp̄*": "conjunction + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and gathers", "*kaḥôl*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - like the sand", "*šeḇî*": "noun, masculine singular - captivity/captives" }, "variants": { "*ḥāmās*": "violence/wrong/oppression", "*məḡammaṯ*": "direction/intent/purpose", "*qāḏîmāh*": "eastward/forward/onward", "*yeʾĕsōp̄*": "gathers/collects/assembles", "*ḥôl*": "sand/dust", "*šeḇî*": "captivity/captives/prisoners" } }
Other Translations
GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk
Hele hæren kommer for å begå vold; deres ansikter er som en stormvind fra øst. De samler fanger som en landmann som høster korn fra åkeren.
Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst
De kommer alle for vold, deres ansikter vender seg østover, og de samler fanger som sand.
Norsk King James
De kommer alle for å utøve vold; ansiktene deres er like den brennende østenvind, og de samler fangenskap som sand.
Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866
De kommer alle for å utøve vold, ansiktene deres er satt mot øst, og de fanger fanger som sand.
Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål
De kommer alle for vold, deres ansikter er tatt frem som vinden, og de samler fanger som sand.
Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611
Alle kommer for vold; deres ansikter er som den østlige vinden, og de samler fanger som sand.
o3-mini KJV Norsk
De kommer alle for å utøve vold; deres ansikter stiger opp som den østlige vinden, og de samler fangenskapet som sand.
En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)
Alle kommer for vold; deres ansikter er som den østlige vinden, og de samler fanger som sand.
Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst
De kommer alle for å utøve vold; deres ansikter er satt mot øst, og de samler fanger som sand.
Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts
They all come for violence; their faces are set to advance. They gather captives like sand.
GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024
De kommer alle for voldens skyld; deres ansikter er vendt fremover, og de samler fanger som sand.
Original Norsk Bibel 1866
Det kommer altsammen til at gjøre Vold, deres Ansigters Attraa (er vendt) mod Østen, og det sanker i Fængsel som Sand.
King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)
They shall come all for violence: their faces shall sup up as the east wind, and they shall gather the captivity as the sand.
KJV 1769 norsk
De kommer alle for voldens skyld, ansiktene deres er lik et ørkenstorm, og de samler fangene som sand.
KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk
They all come for violence; their faces are set like the east wind, and they gather captives like sand.
King James Version 1611 (Original)
They shall come all for violence: their faces shall sup up as the east wind, and they shall gather the captivity as the sand.
Norsk oversettelse av Webster
Alle kommer for vold. Deres horder vender seg mot ørkenen. Han samler fanger som sand.
Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation
De kommer alle for å utøve vold, deres ansikter vender mot østvinden, og de samler fanger som sand.
Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901
De kommer alle for vold, deres ansikter er vendt fremover; og de samler fanger som sand.
Norsk oversettelse av BBE
Alle kommer i voldsom kraft; deres ansikter er vendt fremover, fangene deres er som havets sand.
Coverdale Bible (1535)
They come all to spoyle: out of them commeth an east wynde, which bloweth and gathereth their captyues, like as the sonde.
Geneva Bible (1560)
They come all to spoyle: before their faces shalbe an Eastwinde, and they shall gather the captiuitie, as the sand.
Bishops' Bible (1568)
They come all to spoyle: before their faces shalbe an eastwinde, and they shall gather the captiuitie as the sande.
Authorized King James Version (1611)
They shall come all for violence: their faces shall sup up [as] the east wind, and they shall gather the captivity as the sand.
Webster's Bible (1833)
All of them come for violence. Their hordes face the desert. He gathers prisoners like sand.
Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)
Wholly for violence it doth come in, Their faces swallowing up the east wind, And it doth gather as the sand a captivity.
American Standard Version (1901)
They come all of them for violence; the set of their faces is forwards; and they gather captives as the sand.
Bible in Basic English (1941)
They are coming all of them with force; the direction of their faces is forward, the number of their prisoners is like the sands of the sea.
World English Bible (2000)
All of them come for violence. Their hordes face the desert. He gathers prisoners like sand.
NET Bible® (New English Translation)
All of them intend to do violence; every face is determined. They take prisoners as easily as one scoops up sand.
Referenced Verses
- Gen 41:49 : 49 { "verseID": "Genesis.41.49", "source": "וַיִּצְבֹּ֨ר יוֹסֵ֥ף בָּ֛ר כְּח֥וֹל הַיָּ֖ם הַרְבֵּ֣ה מְאֹ֑ד עַ֛ד כִּי־חָדַ֥ל לִסְפֹּ֖ר כִּי־אֵ֥ין מִסְפָּֽר׃", "text": "*wə-yiṣbōr yôsēp̄ bār kəḥôl hayyām harbēh məʾōd ʿad kî-ḥādal lispōr kî-ʾên mispār*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiṣbōr*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he piled up/stored", "*yôsēp̄*": "proper noun - Joseph", "*bār*": "noun masculine singular - grain", "*kəḥôl*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - like sand of", "*hayyām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the sea", "*harbēh*": "adverb - much/greatly", "*məʾōd*": "adverb - very", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*kî*": "conjunction - that/because", "*ḥādal*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he ceased", "*lispōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to count", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*mispār*": "noun masculine singular - number/count" }, "variants": { "*bār*": "grain/corn", "*kəḥôl hayyām*": "like the sand of the sea/immeasurably vast", "*ḥādal lispōr*": "stopped counting/ceased measuring", "*ʾên mispār*": "without number/innumerable/beyond counting" } }
- Deut 28:51-52 : 51 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.51", "source": "וְ֠אָכַל פְּרִ֨י בְהֶמְתְּךָ֥ וּפְרִֽי־אַדְמָתְךָ֮ עַ֣ד הִשָּֽׁמְדָךְ֒ אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־יַשְׁאִ֜יר לְךָ֗ דָּגָן֙ תִּיר֣וֹשׁ וְיִצְהָ֔ר שְׁגַ֥ר אֲלָפֶ֖יךָ וְעַשְׁתְּרֹ֣ת צֹאנֶ֑ךָ עַ֥ד הַאֲבִיד֖וֹ אֹתָֽךְ׃", "text": "*Wə*-*ʾākal* *pərî* *bəhemtəkā* *û*-*pərî*-*ʾadmātəkā* until *hiššāmədāk* which not-*yašʾîr* to-*ləkā* *dāgān* *tîrôš* *wə*-*yiṣhār* *šəgar* *ʾălāpeykā* *wə*-*ʿaštərōt* *ṣōʾnekā* until *haʾăbîdô* *ʾōtāk*.", "grammar": { "*Wə*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*ʾākal*": "perfect Qal 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive (functions as future) - 'it will eat/consume'", "*pərî*": "masculine singular construct - 'fruit of'", "*bəhemtəkā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'your beast/cattle'", "*û*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*pərî*": "masculine singular construct - 'fruit of'", "*ʾadmātəkā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'your ground'", "*hiššāmədāk*": "Niphal infinitive construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'your destruction'", "*yašʾîr*": "imperfect Hiphil 3rd masculine singular - 'it will leave'", "*ləkā*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'for you'", "*dāgān*": "masculine singular noun - 'grain'", "*tîrôš*": "masculine singular noun - 'new wine'", "*wə*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*yiṣhār*": "masculine singular noun - 'fresh oil'", "*šəgar*": "masculine singular construct - 'offspring of'", "*ʾălāpeykā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'your cattle'", "*wə*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*ʿaštərōt*": "feminine plural construct - 'young ones of'", "*ṣōʾnekā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'your flock'", "*haʾăbîdô*": "Hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his destroying'", "*ʾōtāk*": "direct object marker with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'you'" }, "variants": { "*ʾākal*": "eat/consume/devour", "*pərî bəhemtəkā*": "fruit of your cattle/produce of your livestock", "*pərî-ʾadmātəkā*": "fruit of your ground/produce of your land", "*hiššāmədāk*": "your destruction/until you are destroyed", "*yašʾîr*": "leave/leave remaining/spare", "*dāgān*": "grain/corn", "*tîrôš*": "new wine/fresh wine", "*yiṣhār*": "fresh oil/olive oil", "*šəgar ʾălāpeykā*": "offspring of your cattle/increase of your herds", "*ʿaštərōt ṣōʾnekā*": "young ones of your flocks/increase of your sheep", "*haʾăbîdô*": "his destroying/his causing to perish" } } 52 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.52", "source": "וְהֵצַ֨ר לְךָ֜ בְּכָל־שְׁעָרֶ֗יךָ עַ֣ד רֶ֤דֶת חֹמֹתֶ֙יךָ֙ הַגְּבֹה֣וֹת וְהַבְּצֻר֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתָּ֛ה בֹּטֵ֥חַ בָּהֵ֖ן בְּכָל־אַרְצֶ֑ךָ וְהֵצַ֤ר לְךָ֙ בְּכָל־שְׁעָרֶ֔יךָ בְּכָל־אַרְצְךָ֔ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֛ן יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ לָֽךְ׃", "text": "And-*hēṣar* to-you in-all-*šĕʿārêkā* until *redet* *ḥōmōtêkā* the-*gĕbōhôt* and-the-*bĕṣurôt* which you *bōṭēaḥ* in-them in-all-*ʾarṣekā*; and-*hēṣar* to-you in-all-*šĕʿārêkā* in-all-*ʾarṣĕkā* which *nātan* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā* to-you.", "grammar": { "*hēṣar*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd singular - make narrow/besiege/distress", "*šĕʿārêkā*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your gates/cities", "*redet*": "Qal infinitive construct - coming down/falling", "*ḥōmōtêkā*": "noun feminine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your walls", "*gĕbōhôt*": "adjective feminine plural - high/tall", "*bĕṣurôt*": "adjective feminine plural - fortified/inaccessible", "*bōṭēaḥ*": "Qal participle masculine singular - trusting", "*ʾarṣekā*": "noun feminine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your land", "*nātan*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - give/place/set", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your God" }, "variants": { "*hēṣar*": "besiege/distress/harass/oppress", "*šĕʿārêkā*": "your gates/your cities/your towns", "*redet*": "coming down/falling/descending", "*ḥōmōtêkā*": "your walls/your fortifications", "*bōṭēaḥ*": "trusting/relying/having confidence" } }
- Judg 7:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Judges.7.12", "source": "וּמִדְיָ֨ן וַעֲמָלֵ֤ק וְכָל־בְּנֵי־קֶ֙דֶם֙ נֹפְלִ֣ים בָּעֵ֔מֶק כָּאַרְבֶּ֖ה לָרֹ֑ב וְלִגְמַלֵּיהֶם֙ אֵ֣ין מִסְפָּ֔ר כַּח֛וֹל שֶׁעַל־שְׂפַ֥ת הַיָּ֖ם לָרֹֽב׃", "text": "And-*Midyān* and-*ʿĂmālēq* and-all-*bənê-qedem* *nōfəlîm* in-*bāʿēmeq* like-*ʾarbeh* for-abundance and-to-camels-their *ʾên* number like-*ḥôl* that-on-shore-of *hayyām* for-abundance.", "grammar": { "*Midyān*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Midian", "*ʿĂmālēq*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Amalek", "*bənê-qedem*": "construct phrase - sons of the east", "*nōfəlîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - falling/lying", "*bāʿēmeq*": "preposition + definite noun, masculine singular - in the valley", "*ʾarbeh*": "noun, masculine singular - locust", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is no", "*ḥôl*": "noun, masculine singular - sand", "*hayyām*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the sea" }, "variants": { "*nōfəlîm*": "falling/lying/camping/spreading out", "*bāʿēmeq*": "in the valley/in the plain/in the lowland", "*ʾarbeh*": "locust/locust swarm", "*ḥôl*": "sand/dust" } }
- Job 29:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Job.29.18", "source": "וָ֭אֹמַר עִם־קִנִּ֣י אֶגְוָ֑ע וְ֝כַח֗וֹל אַרְבֶּ֥ה יָמִֽים", "text": "*wā-ʾōmar* *ʿim-qinnî* *ʾegwāʿ* *wə-ka-ḥôl* *ʾarbeh* *yāmîm*", "grammar": { "*wā-ʾōmar*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 1st person singular - and I said", "*ʿim-qinnî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - with my nest", "*ʾegwāʿ*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will expire/die", "*wə-ka-ḥôl*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular - and like sand", "*ʾarbeh*": "Hiphil imperfect, 1st person singular - I will multiply", "*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - days" }, "variants": { "*qinnî*": "my nest/home", "*ʾegwāʿ*": "I will expire/die/breathe my last", "*ḥôl*": "sand/phoenix (interpretational variant)", "*ʾarbeh*": "I will multiply/increase", "*yāmîm*": "days/lifespan" } }
- Ps 139:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Psalms.139.18", "source": "אֶ֭סְפְּרֵם מֵח֣וֹל יִרְבּ֑וּן הֱ֝קִיצֹ֗תִי וְעוֹדִ֥י עִמָּֽךְ׃", "text": "*ʾesppərēm* from-*ḥôl yirbûn*; *hĕqîṣōtî* and-*ʿôdî ʿimmāk*", "grammar": { "*ʾesppərēm*": "verb, Qal imperfect 1st person singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - I count them", "*ḥôl*": "noun, masculine singular - sand", "*yirbûn*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural paragogic nun - they are more numerous", "*hĕqîṣōtî*": "verb, Hiphil perfect 1st person singular - I awake", "*ʿôdî*": "adverb + 1st person singular suffix - still I", "*ʿimmāk*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - with you" }, "variants": { "*ʾesppərēm*": "count them/enumerate them/recount them", "*ḥôl*": "sand/seashore", "*yirbûn*": "more numerous/multiply/increase", "*hĕqîṣōtî*": "awake/wake up/arise", "*ʿôdî*": "still I/yet I/continuously I" } }
- Isa 27:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Isaiah.27.8", "source": "בְּסַּאסְּאָ֖ה בְּשַׁלְחָ֣הּ תְּרִיבֶ֑נָּה הָגָ֛ה בְּרוּח֥וֹ הַקָּשָׁ֖ה בְּי֥וֹם קָדִֽים׃", "text": "In-*saʾsseʾāh* in-*šalḥāh* *tĕrîbennâ* *hāgâ* with-*rûḥô* the-*qāšâ* in-*yôm* *qādîm*", "grammar": { "*saʾsseʾāh*": "feminine singular noun - measure/moderation", "*šalḥāh*": "Piel infinitive construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - sending her away", "*tĕrîbennâ*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - you contend with her", "*hāgâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he removed/drove away", "*rûḥô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his wind/breath/spirit", "*qāšâ*": "feminine singular adjective - harsh/severe", "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun - day", "*qādîm*": "masculine singular noun - east wind" }, "variants": { "*saʾsseʾāh*": "measure/moderation/in exact measure", "*šalḥāh*": "sending her away/driving her out/expelling her", "*tĕrîbennâ*": "contend with her/strive with her/dispute with her", "*hāgâ*": "removed/drove away/expelled/meditated", "*rûḥô*": "his wind/his breath/his spirit", "*qādîm*": "east wind/sirocco/hot desert wind" } }
- Jer 4:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.4.7", "source": "עָלָ֤ה אַרְיֵה֙ מִֽסֻבְּכ֔וֹ וּמַשְׁחִ֣ית גּוֹיִ֔ם נָסַ֖ע יָצָ֣א מִמְּקֹמ֑וֹ לָשׂ֤וּם אַרְצֵךְ֙ לְשַׁמָּ֔ה עָרַ֥יִךְ תִּצֶּ֖ינָה מֵאֵ֥ין יוֹשֵֽׁב׃", "text": "*ʿālāh* *ʾaryēh* from *subbəḵô*, and *mašḥît* *gôyim* *nāsaʿ* *yāṣāʾ* from *məqōmô* to *lāśûm* your *ʾarṣēḵ* to *šammāh*, your *ʿārayiḵ* *tiṣṣeynāh* from *ʾēyn* *yôšēb*", "grammar": { "*ʿālāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has gone up/come up", "*ʾaryēh*": "masculine singular noun - lion", "*subbəḵô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his thicket", "*mašḥît*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - destroyer/one who destroys", "*gôyim*": "masculine plural noun - nations/gentiles", "*nāsaʿ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has journeyed/set out", "*yāṣāʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has gone out/departed", "*məqōmô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his place", "*lāśûm*": "qal infinitive construct - to make/put", "*ʾarṣēḵ*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your land", "*šammāh*": "feminine singular noun - desolation/waste", "*ʿārayiḵ*": "feminine plural noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your cities", "*tiṣṣeynāh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - they will be ruined", "*ʾēyn*": "construct particle of negation - without", "*yôšēb*": "qal participle, masculine singular - inhabitant/dweller" }, "variants": { "*ʿālāh*": "gone up/come up/ascended", "*ʾaryēh*": "lion", "*subbəḵô*": "his thicket/lair/den", "*mašḥît*": "destroyer/one who destroys/ravager", "*gôyim*": "nations/gentiles/peoples", "*nāsaʿ*": "journeyed/set out/departed", "*yāṣāʾ*": "gone out/departed/left", "*məqōmô*": "his place/location/position", "*lāśûm*": "to make/put/set", "*ʾarṣēḵ*": "your land/territory/country", "*šammāh*": "desolation/waste/horror", "*ʿārayiḵ*": "your cities/towns", "*tiṣṣeynāh*": "will be ruined/laid waste/destroyed", "*yôšēb*": "inhabitant/dweller/resident" } }
- Jer 4:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.4.11", "source": "בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֗יא יֵאָמֵ֤ר לָֽעָם־הַזֶּה֙ וְלִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם ר֣וּחַ צַ֤ח שְׁפָיִים֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר דֶּ֖רֶךְ בַּת־עַמִּ֑י ל֥וֹא לִזְר֖וֹת וְל֥וֹא לְהָבַֽר׃", "text": "In the *ʿēt* *hahîʾ* *yēʾāmēr* to *ʿām*-the *zeh* and to *Yərûšālaim*, *rûaḥ* *ṣaḥ* *šəpāyîm* in the *midbār*, *dereḵ* *bat*-*ʿammî*, not to *lizrôt* and not to *lhābar*", "grammar": { "*ʿēt*": "feminine singular noun, construct - time of", "*hahîʾ*": "feminine singular demonstrative pronoun - that", "*yēʾāmēr*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it will be said", "*ʿām*": "masculine singular noun - people", "*zeh*": "masculine singular demonstrative pronoun - this", "*Yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular noun - wind/spirit", "*ṣaḥ*": "masculine singular adjective - clear/scorching", "*šəpāyîm*": "masculine plural noun - bare heights/barren hills", "*midbār*": "masculine singular noun - wilderness/desert", "*dereḵ*": "masculine singular noun, construct - way of", "*bat*": "feminine singular noun, construct - daughter of", "*ʿammî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my people", "*lizrôt*": "qal infinitive construct - to winnow", "*lhābar*": "qal infinitive construct - to cleanse" }, "variants": { "*ʿēt*": "time/season/moment", "*hahîʾ*": "that/this", "*yēʾāmēr*": "will be said/spoken/declared", "*rûaḥ*": "wind/spirit/breath", "*ṣaḥ*": "clear/scorching/dry", "*šəpāyîm*": "bare heights/barren hills/mountaintops", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uncultivated region", "*dereḵ*": "way/path/road", "*bat*": "daughter/girl/female", "*ʿammî*": "my people/my nation", "*lizrôt*": "to winnow/separate/scatter", "*lhābar*": "to cleanse/clean/purify" } }
- Jer 5:15-17 : 15 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.5.15", "source": "הִנְנִ֣י מֵבִיא֩ עֲלֵיכֶ֨ם גּ֧וֹי מִמֶּרְחָ֛ק בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל נְאֻם־יְהֹוָ֑ה גּ֣וֹי ׀ אֵיתָ֣ן ה֗וּא גּ֤וֹי מֵעוֹלָם֙ ה֔וּא גּ֚וֹי לֹא־תֵדַ֣ע לְשֹׁנ֔וֹ וְלֹ֥א תִשְׁמַ֖ע מַה־יְדַבֵּֽר׃", "text": "*Hinənî* *mēbî'* upon you *gôy* from *merḥāq* house of *Yiśrā'ēl*, *nə'um*-*YHWH*; *gôy* *'êtān* *hû'*, *gôy* from *'ôlām* *hû'*, *gôy* not-you will *tēda'* his *ləšōnô*, and not you will *tišma'* what-he *yədabbēr*.", "grammar": { "*hinənî*": "particle + 1st singular suffix - behold me", "*mēbî'*": "participle, masculine singular, hiphil - bringing", "*'ălêkem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - upon you", "*gôy*": "noun, masculine singular - nation", "*mimmerḥāq*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from afar", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*Yiśrā'ēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*nə'um*": "construct noun - declaration/utterance of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh", "*gôy*": "noun, masculine singular - nation", "*'êtān*": "adjective, masculine singular - enduring/strong", "*hû'*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine singular - it", "*gôy*": "noun, masculine singular - nation", "*mē'ôlām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from ancient time", "*hû'*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine singular - it", "*gôy*": "noun, masculine singular - nation", "*lō'*": "negative particle - not", "*tēda'*": "imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you will know", "*ləšōnô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - its language", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*lō'*": "negative particle - not", "*tišma'*": "imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you will understand", "*mah*": "interrogative - what", "*yədabbēr*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, piel - he speaks" }, "variants": { "*hinənî*": "behold me/here I am/I am about to", "*mēbî'*": "bringing/causing to come", "*merḥāq*": "distance/afar/far away place", "*'êtān*": "enduring/strong/mighty/ancient", "*mē'ôlām*": "from ancient time/eternal/from of old", "*tēda'*": "know/understand/recognize" } } 16 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.5.16", "source": "אַשְׁפָּת֖וֹ כְּקֶ֣בֶר פָּת֑וּחַ כֻּלָּ֖ם גִּבּוֹרִֽים׃", "text": "His *'ašpātô* like *qeber* *pātûaḥ*; all of them *gibbôrîm*.", "grammar": { "*'ašpātô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his quiver", "*kə*": "preposition - like/as", "*qeber*": "noun, masculine singular - grave/tomb", "*pātûaḥ*": "adjective, masculine singular - open", "*kullām*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - all of them", "*gibbôrîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - mighty men/warriors" }, "variants": { "*'ašpātô*": "his quiver/arrow container", "*qeber pātûaḥ*": "open grave/tomb", "*gibbôrîm*": "mighty men/warriors/heroes" } } 17 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.5.17", "source": "וְאָכַ֨ל קְצִֽירְךָ֜ וְלַחְמֶ֗ךָ יֹאכְלוּ֙ בָּנֶ֣יךָ וּבְנוֹתֶ֔יךָ יֹאכַ֤ל צֹאנְךָ֙ וּבְקָרֶ֔ךָ יֹאכַ֥ל גַּפְנְךָ֖ וּתְאֵנָתֶ֑ךָ יְרֹשֵׁ֞שׁ עָרֵ֣י מִבְצָרֶ֗יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתָּ֛ה בּוֹטֵ֥חַ בָּהֵ֖נָּה בֶּחָֽרֶב׃", "text": "And he will *'ākal* your *qəṣîrəkā* and your *laḥmekā*, they will *yō'kəlû* your *bānêkā* and your *bənôtêkā*, he will *yō'kal* your *ṣō'nəkā* and your *bəqārekā*, he will *yō'kal* your *gapnəkā* and your *tə'ēnātekā*; he will *yərōšēš* your cities of *mibṣārêkā* which you *bôṭēaḥ* in them with *ḥāreb*.", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*'ākal*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he ate/devoured", "*qəṣîrəkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your harvest", "*laḥmekā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your bread/food", "*yō'kəlû*": "imperfect, 3rd plural - they will eat", "*bānêkā*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your sons", "*bənôtêkā*": "noun, feminine plural + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your daughters", "*yō'kal*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will eat", "*ṣō'nəkā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your flock", "*bəqārekā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your herd", "*gapnəkā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your vine", "*tə'ēnātekā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your fig tree", "*yərōšēš*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, piel - he will impoverish", "*'ārê*": "noun, feminine plural construct - cities of", "*mibṣārêkā*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your fortifications", "*'ăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*'attâ*": "pronoun, 2nd masculine singular - you", "*bôṭēaḥ*": "participle, masculine singular - trusting", "*bāhēnnâ*": "preposition + 3rd feminine plural suffix - in them", "*be*": "preposition - with", "*ḥāreb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword" }, "variants": { "*'ākal*/*yō'kal*": "eat/devour/consume", "*qəṣîrəkā*": "your harvest/crop", "*laḥmekā*": "your bread/food", "*ṣō'nəkā*": "your flock/sheep", "*bəqārekā*": "your herd/cattle", "*yərōšēš*": "will impoverish/shatter/break down", "*mibṣārêkā*": "your fortified places/fortifications/strongholds", "*bôṭēaḥ*": "trusting/relying/feeling secure" } }
- Jer 15:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.15.8", "source": "עָֽצְמוּ־לִ֤י אַלְמְנֹתָו֙ מֵח֣וֹל יַמִּ֔ים הֵבֵ֨אתִי לָהֶ֥ם עַל־אֵ֛ם בָּח֖וּר שֹׁדֵ֣ד בַּֽצָּהֳרָ֑יִם הִפַּ֤לְתִּי עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ פִּתְאֹ֔ם עִ֖יר וּבֶהָלֽוֹת׃", "text": "*ʿāṣmû-lî* *ʾalmənōtāw* more-than-*ḥôl yammîm*; *hēbêʾtî* for-them against-mother of-young-man *šōdēd* in-*ba-ṣṣŏhŏrāyim*; *hippaltî* upon-her suddenly *ʿîr ûbehālôt*.", "grammar": { "*ʿāṣmû-lî*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural with preposition and 1st person singular suffix - they increased for me", "*ʾalmənōtāw*": "noun common feminine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his widows", "*ḥôl*": "noun common masculine singular construct - sand of", "*yammîm*": "noun common masculine plural - seas", "*hēbêʾtî*": "hiphil perfect 1st common singular - I brought", "*šōdēd*": "qal participle masculine singular - destroyer/devastator", "*ba-ṣṣŏhŏrāyim*": "preposition + article + noun common masculine dual - in the noonday", "*hippaltî*": "hiphil perfect 1st common singular - I caused to fall", "*ʿîr*": "noun common feminine singular - city", "*ûbehālôt*": "conjunction + noun common feminine plural - and terrors" }, "variants": { "*ʿāṣmû-lî ʾalmənōtāw*": "their widows are increased to me/their widows have multiplied before me", "*mēḥôl yammîm*": "more than the sand of the seas/beyond the sand of the oceans", "*šōdēd ba-ṣṣŏhŏrāyim*": "destroyer at noon/devastator at midday", "*hippaltî ʿāleyhā pitʾōm*": "I have caused to fall on her suddenly/I brought down upon her unexpectedly", "*ʿîr ûbehālôt*": "city and terrors/anguish and terrors" } }
- Jer 25:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.25.9", "source": "הִנְנִ֣י שֹׁלֵ֡חַ וְלָקַחְתִּי֩ אֶת־כָּל־מִשְׁפְּח֨וֹת צָפ֜וֹן נְאֻם־יְהוָ֗ה וְאֶל־נְבֽוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֣ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶל֮ עַבְדִּי֒ וַהֲבִ֨אֹתִ֜ים עַל־הָאָ֤רֶץ הַזֹּאת֙ וְעַל־יֹ֣שְׁבֶ֔יהָ וְעַ֛ל כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֥ם הָאֵ֖לֶּה סָבִ֑יב וְהַ֣חֲרַמְתִּ֔ים וְשַׂמְתִּים֙ לְשַׁמָּ֣ה וְלִשְׁרֵקָ֔ה וּלְחָרְב֖וֹת עוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "Behold me *šōlēaḥ* and *lāqaḥtî* *ʾet* all *mišpĕḥôt* of *ṣāpôn* *nĕʾum*-*YHWH*, and unto *Nĕbûkadreʾṣṣar* *melek*-*Bābel* my *ʿabdî*, and *wahăbîʾōtîm* upon the *ʾāreṣ* the this and upon *yōšĕbêhā* and upon all the *gôyîm* the these around, and *haḥăramtîm* and *śamtîm* for *šammāh* and for *šĕrēqāh* and for *ḥārbôt* *ʿôlām*.", "grammar": { "*šōlēaḥ*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - sending", "*lāqaḥtî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st singular - I will take", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*mišpĕḥôt*": "noun, feminine, plural construct - families/clans", "*ṣāpôn*": "noun, masculine, singular - north", "*nĕʾum*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*Nĕbûkadreʾṣṣar*": "proper noun - Nebuchadnezzar", "*melek*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - king", "*Bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*ʿabdî*": "noun, masculine, singular construct + 1st singular suffix - my servant", "*wahăbîʾōtîm*": "conjunction + verb, hiphil perfect, 1st singular + 3rd plural suffix - and I will bring them", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular - land/earth", "*yōšĕbêhā*": "verb participle, qal active, masculine plural construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her inhabitants", "*gôyîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - nations", "*haḥăramtîm*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 1st singular + 3rd plural suffix - I will utterly destroy them", "*śamtîm*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st singular + 3rd plural suffix - I will make them", "*šammāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - horror/appalment", "*šĕrēqāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - hissing/derision", "*ḥārbôt*": "noun, feminine, plural construct - ruins/wastes", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine, singular - forever/eternity" }, "variants": { "*šōlēaḥ*": "sending/dispatching", "*lāqaḥtî*": "I will take/fetch/receive", "*mišpĕḥôt*": "families/clans/tribes", "*ṣāpôn*": "north/northern region", "*nĕʾum*": "declaration/oracle/utterance", "*ʿabdî*": "my servant/slave", "*wahăbîʾōtîm*": "and I will bring them/lead them", "*haḥăramtîm*": "I will utterly destroy them/devote them to destruction", "*śamtîm*": "I will make them/set them/place them", "*šammāh*": "horror/appalment/astonishment", "*šĕrēqāh*": "hissing/derision/mockery", "*ḥārbôt*": "ruins/wastes/desolation", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/perpetuity/ancient time" } }
- Jer 34:22 : 22 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.34.22", "source": "הִנְנִ֨י מְצַוֶּ֜ה נְאֻם־יְהוָ֗ה וַהֲשִׁ֨בֹתִ֜ים אֶל־הָעִ֤יר הַזֹּאת֙ וְנִלְחֲמ֣וּ עָלֶ֔יהָ וּלְכָד֖וּהָ וּשְׂרָפֻ֣הָ בָאֵ֑שׁ וְאֶת־עָרֵ֧י יְהוּדָ֛ה אֶתֵּ֥ן שְׁמָמָ֖ה מֵאֵ֥ין יֹשֵֽׁב׃", "text": "Behold I *məṣawweh* *nəʾum*-*yhwh* and I *hăšibōtîm* to the *ʿîr* the *zōʾt*, and they will *nilḥămû* against her, and they will *ləkādûhā* and they will *śərāpuhā* with the *ʾēš*, and *ʾet*-*ʿārê* *yəhûdāh* I *ʾettēn* *šəmāmāh* from *ʾên* *yōšēb*", "grammar": { "*məṣawweh*": "verb, piel participle, masculine singular - commanding", "*nəʾum*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - declaration of", "*yhwh*": "proper noun, divine name - YHWH/LORD", "*hăšibōtîm*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 1st common singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - I will bring them back", "*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine, singular, definite - the city", "*zōʾt*": "demonstrative adjective, feminine singular - this", "*nilḥămû*": "verb, niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - they will fight", "*ləkādûhā*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd common plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - they will capture her", "*śərāpuhā*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd common plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - they will burn her", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine, singular, definite - the fire", "*ʿārê*": "noun, feminine, plural, construct - cities of", "*yəhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*ʾettēn*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st common singular - I will make", "*šəmāmāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - desolation", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - without", "*yōšēb*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - inhabitant" }, "variants": { "*məṣawweh*": "commanding/ordering/instructing", "*hăšibōtîm*": "I will bring them back/I will return them/I will restore them", "*nilḥămû*": "they will fight/they will battle/they will wage war", "*ləkādûhā*": "they will capture her/they will seize her/they will take her", "*śərāpuhā*": "they will burn her/they will set her on fire", "*ʾettēn*": "I will make/I will set/I will place", "*šəmāmāh*": "desolation/waste/desert", "*yōšēb*": "inhabitant/resident/dweller" } }
- Ezek 17:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.17.10", "source": "וְהִנֵּ֥ה שְׁתוּלָ֖ה הֲתִצְלָ֑ח הֲלוֹא֩ כְגַ֨עַת בָּ֜הּ ר֤וּחַ הַקָּדִים֙ תִּיבַ֣שׁ יָבֹ֔שׁ עַל־עֲרֻגֹ֥ת צִמְחָ֖הּ תִּיבָֽשׁ׃", "text": "And behold *šətûlâ* *hătiṣlāḥ* not like *kəgaʿat* in her *rûaḥ* the *qādîm* *tîbaš* *yābōš* upon-*ʿărugōt* *ṣimḥāh* *tîbāš*", "grammar": { "*šətûlâ*": "qal passive participle, feminine singular - planted", "*hătiṣlāḥ*": "qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular with interrogative prefix - will it prosper?", "*kəgaʿat*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition - like touching/striking", "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - wind of", "*qādîm*": "definite noun, masculine singular - east", "*tîbaš*": "qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - will dry up/wither", "*yābōš*": "qal infinitive absolute - utterly wither", "*ʿărugōt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - beds/plots of", "*ṣimḥāh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - its sprout/growth", "*tîbāš*": "qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - will dry up/wither" }, "variants": { "*šətûlâ*": "planted/transplanted/set", "*kəgaʿat*": "like touching/striking/reaching", "*rûaḥ*": "wind/breath/spirit", "*qādîm*": "east/eastern wind", "*ʿărugōt*": "beds/plots/terraces" } }
- Ezek 19:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.19.12", "source": "וַתֻּתַּ֤שׁ בְּחֵמָה֙ לָאָ֣רֶץ הֻשְׁלָ֔כָה וְר֥וּחַ הַקָּדִ֖ים הוֹבִ֣ישׁ פִּרְיָ֑הּ הִתְפָּרְק֧וּ וְיָבֵ֛שׁוּ מַטֵּ֥ה עֻזָּ֖הּ אֵ֥שׁ אֲכָלָֽתְהוּ׃", "text": "*wa-tuttaš* *bəḥēmāh* *lāʾāreṣ* *hušlāḵāh* *wərûaḥ* *haqqāḏîm* *hôḇîš* *piryāh* *hitp̄ārəqû* *wəyāḇēšû* *maṭṭēh* *ʿuzzāh* *ʾēš* *ʾăḵālāṯəhû*", "grammar": { "*wa-*": "conjunction + consecutive - and", "*tuttaš*": "3rd person feminine singular, imperfect, hofal - she was plucked up", "*bəḥēmāh*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - in fury", "*lāʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - to the ground", "*hušlāḵāh*": "3rd person feminine singular, perfect, hofal - she was cast down", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular construct noun - wind of", "*haqqāḏîm*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the east", "*hôḇîš*": "3rd person masculine singular, perfect, hiphil - dried up", "*piryāh*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her fruit", "*hitp̄ārəqû*": "3rd person masculine plural, perfect, hithpael - they were broken off", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*yāḇēšû*": "3rd person masculine plural, perfect, qal - they dried up", "*maṭṭēh*": "masculine singular construct noun - rod of", "*ʿuzzāh*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her strength", "*ʾēš*": "feminine singular noun - fire", "*ʾăḵālāṯəhû*": "3rd person feminine singular, perfect, qal + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - consumed it" }, "variants": { "*tuttaš*": "was plucked up/was uprooted/was pulled out", "*ḥēmāh*": "fury/wrath/rage", "*hušlāḵāh*": "was cast down/was thrown down/was flung down", "*rûaḥ haqqāḏîm*": "east wind/wind from the east", "*hôḇîš*": "dried up/withered/parched", "*hitp̄ārəqû*": "were broken off/were detached/were torn away", "*maṭṭēh ʿuzzāh*": "rod of her strength/strong branch" } }
- Hos 13:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Hosea.13.15", "source": "כִּ֣י ה֔וּא בֵּ֥ן אַחִ֖ים יַפְרִ֑יא יָב֣וֹא קָדִים֩ ר֨וּחַ יְהוָ֜ה מִמִּדְבָּ֣ר עֹלֶ֗ה וְיֵב֤וֹשׁ מְקוֹרוֹ֙ וְיֶחֱרַ֣ב מַעְיָנ֔וֹ ה֣וּא יִשְׁסֶ֔ה אוֹצַ֖ר כָּל־כְּלִ֥י חֶמְדָּֽה׃", "text": "*kî* he *bēn* *ʾaḥ* he *pārâ* he *bôʾ* *qādîm* *rûaḥ* *YHWH* from-*midbār* *ʿālâ* *wə-* he *yābēš* *māqôr*-his *wə-* he *ḥārēb* *maʿyān*-his he *šāsâ* *ʾôṣār* all-*kᵉlî* *ḥemdâ*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - 'for/because/although'", "*bēn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'son of'", "*ʾaḥ*": "noun, masculine plural - 'brothers'", "*pārâ*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'he flourishes/bears fruit'", "*bôʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'will come'", "*qādîm*": "noun, masculine singular - 'east wind'", "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - 'wind/breath of'", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*midbār*": "noun, masculine singular - 'wilderness/desert'", "*ʿālâ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - 'coming up'", "*wə-*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*yābēš*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'will dry up'", "*māqôr*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'his fountain/spring'", "*ḥārēb*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'will be dried up'", "*maʿyān*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'his spring'", "*šāsâ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'will plunder'", "*ʾôṣār*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'treasury of'", "*kᵉlî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'vessel/object of'", "*ḥemdâ*": "noun, feminine singular - 'desire/delight'" }, "variants": { "*kî*": "for/because/although/though", "*bēn*": "son/among", "*ʾaḥ*": "brothers/relatives", "*pārâ*": "flourishes/bears fruit/is fruitful", "*bôʾ*": "will come/approach/arrive", "*qādîm*": "east wind/sirocco/hot desert wind", "*rûaḥ*": "wind/breath/spirit", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land", "*ʿālâ*": "coming up/ascending/rising", "*yābēš*": "will dry up/wither/be dried", "*māqôr*": "fountain/spring/source", "*ḥārēb*": "will be dried up/will be desolate", "*maʿyān*": "spring/fountain", "*šāsâ*": "will plunder/despoil/pillage", "*ʾôṣār*": "treasury/storehouse/treasure", "*kᵉlî*": "vessel/object/article/implement", "*ḥemdâ*": "desire/delight/precious thing" } }
- Hab 1:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Habakkuk.1.6", "source": "כִּֽי־הִנְנִ֤י מֵקִים֙ אֶת־הַכַּשְׂדִּ֔ים הַגּ֖וֹי הַמַּ֣ר וְהַנִּמְהָ֑ר הַֽהוֹלֵךְ֙ לְמֶרְחֲבֵי־אֶ֔רֶץ לָרֶ֖שֶׁת מִשְׁכָּנ֥וֹת לֹּא־לֽוֹ׃", "text": "For-behold-I *mēqîm* *ʾeṯ*-the-*kaśdîm* the-*gôy* the-*mar* and-the-*nimhār* the-*hôlēḵ* to-*merḥăḇê*-*ʾereṣ* to-*lārešeṯ* *miškānôṯ* not-to-him", "grammar": { "*kî-hinənî*": "conjunction + interjection + 1st person singular suffix - for behold I", "*mēqîm*": "verb, Hiphil participle, masculine singular - raising up/establishing", "*ʾeṯ-hakkaśdîm*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun, masculine plural - the Chaldeans", "*haggôy*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the nation", "*hammar*": "definite article + adjective, masculine singular - the bitter", "*wə-hannimhār*": "conjunction + definite article + Niphal participle, masculine singular - and the impetuous", "*hahôlēḵ*": "definite article + Qal participle, masculine singular - the one walking/going", "*ləmerḥăḇê-ʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + noun, feminine singular - to breadths of earth", "*lārešeṯ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to possess/inherit", "*miškānôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural - dwelling places/habitations", "*lōʾ-lô*": "negative particle + preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - not his" }, "variants": { "*mēqîm*": "raising up/establishing/causing to arise", "*kaśdîm*": "Chaldeans/Babylonians", "*gôy*": "nation/people", "*mar*": "bitter/fierce/cruel", "*nimhār*": "impetuous/hasty/rash/impulsive", "*hôlēḵ*": "walking/going/marching", "*merḥăḇê*": "breadths/expanses/wide spaces", "*ʾereṣ*": "earth/land/territory", "*lārešeṯ*": "to possess/to inherit/to take possession of", "*miškānôṯ*": "dwelling places/habitations/residences" } }
- Hab 2:5-9 : 5 { "verseID": "Habakkuk.2.5", "source": "וְאַף֙ כִּֽי־הַיַּ֣יִן בּוֹגֵ֔ד גֶּ֥בֶר יָהִ֖יר וְלֹ֣א יִנְוֶ֑ה אֲשֶׁר֩ הִרְחִ֨יב כִּשְׁא֜וֹל נַפְשׁ֗וֹ וְה֤וּא כַמָּ֙וֶת֙ וְלֹ֣א יִשְׂבָּ֔ע וַיֶּאֱסֹ֤ף אֵלָיו֙ כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֔ם וַיִּקְבֹּ֥ץ אֵלָ֖יו כָּל־הָעַמִּֽים׃", "text": "And moreover because *hayyayin bôgēd*, *geber yāhîr* and not *yinweh*, who *hirḥîb* like *šĕʾôl napšô*, and he like *mawet* and not *yiśbāʿ*, and *yeʾĕsōp* unto him all *haggôyim* and *yiqbōṣ* unto him all *hāʿammîm*.", "grammar": { "*hayyayin*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the wine", "*bôgēd*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - betraying/treacherous", "*geber*": "noun, masculine, singular - man/strong man", "*yāhîr*": "adjective, masculine, singular - proud/arrogant", "*yinweh*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he dwells/rests/succeeds", "*hirḥîb*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he enlarges/expands", "*šĕʾôl*": "noun, feminine, singular - sheol/grave/underworld", "*napšô*": "noun, feminine, singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his soul/appetite", "*mawet*": "noun, masculine, singular - death", "*yiśbāʿ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he is satisfied", "*yeʾĕsōp*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - he gathers", "*haggôyim*": "noun, masculine, plural with definite article - the nations", "*yiqbōṣ*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - he collects", "*hāʿammîm*": "noun, masculine, plural with definite article - the peoples" }, "variants": { "*bôgēd*": "treacherous/betraying/dealing treacherously", "*yāhîr*": "proud/arrogant/presumptuous", "*yinweh*": "dwells/rests/is satisfied/succeeds", "*šĕʾôl*": "sheol/grave/underworld/place of the dead", "*napšô*": "his appetite/desire/soul" } } 6 { "verseID": "Habakkuk.2.6", "source": "הֲלוֹא־אֵ֣לֶּה כֻלָּ֗ם עָלָיו֙ מָשָׁ֣ל יִשָּׂ֔אוּ וּמְלִיצָ֖ה חִיד֣וֹת ל֑וֹ וְיֹאמַ֗ר ה֚וֹי הַמַּרְבֶּ֣ה לֹּא־ל֔וֹ עַד־מָתַ֕י וּמַכְבִּ֥יד עָלָ֖יו עַבְטִֽיט׃", "text": "Will not these all of them against him *māšāl yiśśāʾû* and *mĕlîṣâ ḥîdôt* for him? And it will say, '*hôy hammarbe* not to him! Until when? And *makbîd* upon him *ʿabṭîṭ*.'", "grammar": { "*māšāl*": "noun, masculine, singular - proverb/taunt/parable", "*yiśśāʾû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will lift up/take up", "*mĕlîṣâ*": "noun, feminine, singular - mocking poem/satire", "*ḥîdôt*": "noun, feminine, plural construct - riddles of", "*hôy*": "interjection - woe/alas", "*hammarbe*": "verb, hiphil participle, masculine singular with definite article - the one increasing", "*makbîd*": "verb, hiphil participle, masculine singular - loading/making heavy", "*ʿabṭîṭ*": "noun, masculine, singular - pledge/debt/thick clay" }, "variants": { "*māšāl*": "taunt/proverb/parable/riddle", "*mĕlîṣâ*": "mocking poem/satire/taunting riddle", "*ḥîdôt*": "riddles/enigmas/dark sayings", "*makbîd*": "making heavy/loading/burdening", "*ʿabṭîṭ*": "pledges/thick clay/debt" } } 7 { "verseID": "Habakkuk.2.7", "source": "הֲל֣וֹא פֶ֗תַע יָק֙וּמוּ֙ נֹשְׁכֶ֔יךָ וְיִקְצ֖וּ מְזַעְזְעֶ֑יךָ וְהָיִ֥יתָ לִמְשִׁסּ֖וֹת לָֽמוֹ׃", "text": "Will not *petaʿ yāqûmû nōšĕkeykā* and *yiqṣû mĕzaʿĕzeʿeykā* and you will be *limšissôt* to them?", "grammar": { "*petaʿ*": "adverb - suddenly", "*yāqûmû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will arise", "*nōšĕkeykā*": "verb, qal participle, masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your biters/creditors", "*yiqṣû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will awake", "*mĕzaʿĕzeʿeykā*": "verb, piel participle, masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your troublers/tormentors", "*limšissôt*": "preposition + noun, feminine, plural - for plunder/booty" }, "variants": { "*nōšĕkeykā*": "your biters/creditors/those exacting interest from you", "*mĕzaʿĕzeʿeykā*": "your troublers/those who shake you/tormentors", "*limšissôt*": "for plunder/booty/spoil" } } 8 { "verseID": "Habakkuk.2.8", "source": "כִּֽי אַתָּ֤ה שַׁלּ֙וֹתָ֙ גּוֹיִ֣ם רַבִּ֔ים יְשָׁלּ֖וּךָ כָּל־יֶ֣תֶר עַמִּ֑ים מִדְּמֵ֤י אָדָם֙ וַחֲמַס־אֶ֔רֶץ קִרְיָ֖ה וְכָל־יֹ֥שְׁבֵי בָֽהּ׃ פ", "text": "Because you *šallôtā gôyim rabbîm*, *yĕšāllûkā* all *yeter ʿammîm* from *dĕmēy ʾādām* and *ḥămas-ʾereṣ qiryâ* and all *yōšĕbēy* in her.", "grammar": { "*šallôtā*": "verb, qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you have plundered", "*gôyim*": "noun, masculine, plural - nations", "*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine, plural - many", "*yĕšāllûkā*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - they will plunder you", "*yeter*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - remainder of", "*ʿammîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - peoples", "*dĕmēy*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - bloods of", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine, singular - mankind/humanity", "*ḥămas*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - violence of", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular - land/earth", "*qiryâ*": "noun, feminine, singular - city", "*yōšĕbēy*": "verb, qal participle, masculine plural construct - inhabitants of" }, "variants": { "*šallôtā*": "plundered/despoiled/robbed", "*yeter*": "remainder/remnant/rest", "*dĕmēy*": "bloods/bloodshed/bloodguilt", "*ḥămas*": "violence/wrong/oppression", "*qiryâ*": "city/town" } } 9 { "verseID": "Habakkuk.2.9", "source": "ה֗וֹי בֹּצֵ֛עַ בֶּ֥צַע רָ֖ע לְבֵית֑וֹ לָשׂ֤וּם בַּמָּרוֹם֙ קִנּ֔וֹ לְהִנָּצֵ֖ל מִכַּף־רָֽע׃", "text": "*Hôy bōṣēaʿ beṣaʿ rāʿ* for his house, to *lāśûm bammārôm qinnô*, to *lĕhinnāṣēl* from *kap-rāʿ*.", "grammar": { "*hôy*": "interjection - woe/alas", "*bōṣēaʿ*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - cutting off/gaining", "*beṣaʿ*": "noun, masculine, singular - unjust gain/profit", "*rāʿ*": "adjective, masculine, singular - evil/bad", "*lāśûm*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - to put/place", "*bammārôm*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular with definite article - in the height", "*qinnô*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his nest", "*lĕhinnāṣēl*": "preposition + verb, niphal infinitive construct - to be delivered", "*kap*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - palm/power", "*rāʿ*": "adjective, masculine, singular - evil/calamity" }, "variants": { "*bōṣēaʿ*": "cutting off/gaining/acquiring unjustly", "*beṣaʿ*": "unjust gain/profit/dishonest profit", "*bammārôm*": "in the height/on high/in a lofty place", "*lĕhinnāṣēl*": "to be delivered/rescued/saved", "*kap-rāʿ*": "power of evil/hand of calamity" } } 10 { "verseID": "Habakkuk.2.10", "source": "יָעַ֥צְתָּ בֹּ֖שֶׁת לְבֵיתֶ֑ךָ קְצוֹת־עַמִּ֥ים רַבִּ֖ים וְחוֹטֵ֥א נַפְשֶֽׁךָ׃", "text": "You *yāʿaṣtā bōšet* for your house, *qĕṣôt-ʿammîm rabbîm*, and *ḥôṭēʾ napšekā*.", "grammar": { "*yāʿaṣtā*": "verb, qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you have devised/planned", "*bōšet*": "noun, feminine, singular - shame", "*qĕṣôt*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - cutting off", "*ʿammîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - peoples", "*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine, plural - many", "*ḥôṭēʾ*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - sinning against", "*napšekā*": "noun, feminine, singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your soul" }, "variants": { "*yāʿaṣtā*": "devised/planned/counseled", "*bōšet*": "shame/disgrace/dishonor", "*qĕṣôt*": "cutting off/destroying/ending", "*ḥôṭēʾ napšekā*": "sinning against your soul/forfeiting your life" } } 11 { "verseID": "Habakkuk.2.11", "source": "כִּי־אֶ֖בֶן מִקִּ֣יר תִּזְעָ֑ק וְכָפִ֖יס מֵעֵ֥ץ יַעֲנֶֽנָּה׃ פ", "text": "For *ʾeben miqqîr tizʿāq*, and *kāpîs mēʿēṣ yaʿănennâ*.", "grammar": { "*ʾeben*": "noun, feminine, singular - stone", "*miqqîr*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular - from wall", "*tizʿāq*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it will cry out", "*kāpîs*": "noun, masculine, singular - beam/rafter", "*mēʿēṣ*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular - from wood", "*yaʿănennâ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - it will answer it" }, "variants": { "*kāpîs*": "beam/rafter/crossbeam/fastener", "*tizʿāq*": "will cry out/will shriek/will call" } } 12 { "verseID": "Habakkuk.2.12", "source": "ה֛וֹי בֹּנֶ֥ה עִ֖יר בְּדָמִ֑ים וְכוֹנֵ֥ן קִרְיָ֖ה בְּעַוְלָֽה׃", "text": "*Hôy bōneh ʿîr bĕdāmîm* and *kônēn qiryâ bĕʿawlâ*.", "grammar": { "*hôy*": "interjection - woe/alas", "*bōneh*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - building", "*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine, singular - city", "*bĕdāmîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine, plural - with bloods", "*kônēn*": "verb, polel participle, masculine singular - establishing", "*qiryâ*": "noun, feminine, singular - town", "*bĕʿawlâ*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular - with iniquity" }, "variants": { "*bĕdāmîm*": "with bloods/bloodshed/bloodguilt", "*kônēn*": "establishing/founding/setting up", "*bĕʿawlâ*": "with iniquity/injustice/wrongdoing" } } 13 { "verseID": "Habakkuk.2.13", "source": "הֲל֣וֹא הִנֵּ֔ה מֵאֵ֖ת יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת וְיִֽיגְע֤וּ עַמִּים֙ בְּדֵי־אֵ֔שׁ וּלְאֻמִּ֖ים בְּדֵי־רִ֥יק יִעָֽפוּ׃", "text": "Behold, is it not from *ʾēt YHWH ṣĕbāʾôt* that *yîgĕʿû ʿammîm bĕdēy-ʾēš* and *lĕʾummîm bĕdēy-rîq yîʿāpû*?", "grammar": { "*ʾēt*": "preposition - from", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*ṣĕbāʾôt*": "noun, feminine, plural - hosts/armies", "*yîgĕʿû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they labor", "*ʿammîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - peoples", "*bĕdēy*": "preposition + noun, masculine, plural construct - for enough of", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine, singular - fire", "*lĕʾummîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - nations", "*bĕdēy*": "preposition + noun, masculine, plural construct - for enough of", "*rîq*": "noun, masculine, singular - emptiness", "*yîʿāpû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they grow weary" }, "variants": { "*ṣĕbāʾôt*": "hosts/armies/of hosts", "*yîgĕʿû*": "labor/toil/grow weary", "*bĕdēy-ʾēš*": "for fire/for what will be burned/for enough fire", "*bĕdēy-rîq*": "for emptiness/for nothing/in vain", "*yîʿāpû*": "grow weary/exhaust themselves/become tired" } }
- Rom 9:27 : 27 { "verseID": "Romans.9.27", "source": "Ἠσαΐας δὲ κράζει ὑπὲρ τοῦ Ἰσραήλ, Ἐὰν ᾖ ὁ ἀριθμὸς τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραὴλ ὡς ἡ ἄμμος τῆς θαλάσσης, τὸ κατάλειμμα σωθήσεται:", "text": "*Ēsaias de krazei hyper* the *Israēl*, If *ē* the *arithmos* of the *huiōn Israēl* as the *ammos* of the *thalassēs*, the *kataleimma sōthēsetai*:", "grammar": { "*Ēsaias*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Isaiah", "*de*": "particle - but/and", "*krazei*": "present, indicative, active, 3rd person singular - cries out", "*hyper*": "preposition + genitive - concerning/about", "*ē*": "present, subjunctive, active, 3rd person singular - might be", "*arithmos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - number", "*huiōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of sons", "*ammos*": "nominative, feminine, singular - sand", "*thalassēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of sea", "*kataleimma*": "nominative, neuter, singular - remnant", "*sōthēsetai*": "future, indicative, passive, 3rd person singular - will be saved" }, "variants": { "*krazei*": "cries out/calls out loudly", "*hyper*": "concerning/about/on behalf of", "*arithmos*": "number/quantity", "*huiōn*": "sons/children/descendants", "*ammos*": "sand/sandy ground", "*thalassēs*": "sea/ocean", "*kataleimma*": "remnant/remainder/those left", "*sōthēsetai*": "will be saved/delivered/preserved" } }