Verse 4

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.2.4", "source": "וְשָׁפַט֙ בֵּ֣ין הַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְהוֹכִ֖יחַ לְעַמִּ֣ים רַבִּ֑ים וְכִתְּת֨וּ חַרְבוֹתָ֜ם לְאִתִּ֗ים וַחֲנִיתֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙ לְמַזְמֵר֔וֹת לֹא־יִשָּׂ֨א ג֤וֹי אֶל־גּוֹי֙ חֶ֔רֶב וְלֹא־יִלְמְד֥וּ ע֖וֹד מִלְחָמָֽה׃ פ", "text": "And-*šāpaṭ* between the-*gôyîm* and-*hôkîaḥ* to-*ʿammîm* *rabbîm*, and-*kittətû* *ḥarbôtām* to-*ʾittîm* and-*ḥănîtôtêhem* to-*mazmerôt*; not-*yiśśāʾ* *gôy* to-*gôy* *ḥereb* and-not-*yilmədû* again *milḥāmâ*.", "grammar": { "*wə-šāpaṭ*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he will judge", "*bên ha-gôyîm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - between the nations", "*wə-hôkîaḥ*": "conjunction + verb, hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he will decide/rebuke/arbitrate", "*lə-ʿammîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - for/to peoples/nations", "*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - many", "*wə-kittətû*": "conjunction + verb, piel perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will beat/hammer", "*ḥarbôtām*": "noun, feminine plural construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their swords", "*lə-ʾittîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - into plowshares", "*wa-ḥănîtôtêhem*": "conjunction + noun, feminine plural construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their spears", "*lə-mazmerôt*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural - into pruning hooks", "*lōʾ-yiśśāʾ*": "negative particle + verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will not lift up/carry/raise", "*gôy*": "noun, masculine singular - nation", "*ʾel-gôy*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - against nation", "*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword", "*wə-lōʾ-yilmədû*": "conjunction + negative particle + verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they will not learn", "*ʿôd*": "adverb - again/still/yet", "*milḥāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - war/battle" }, "variants": { "*šāpaṭ*": "judge/govern/vindicate/decide", "*hôkîaḥ*": "decide/arbitrate/rebuke/correct/reprove", "*kittətû*": "beat/hammer/crush", "*ʾittîm*": "plowshares/mattocks/agricultural tools", "*mazmerôt*": "pruning hooks/knives", "*yiśśāʾ*": "lift/carry/raise/bear", "*yilmədû*": "learn/study/train" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Han skal dømme mellom folkene og bringe rettferd til mange nasjoner. De skal smi sine sverd om til hakker og sine spyd til verktøy for vingårder. Folk skal ikke lenger heve sverd mot folk, og de skal ikke mer lære kunsten å føre krig.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Han skal dømme mellom hedningefolkene, og tukte mange folk. De skal smi sine sverd til plogskjær og sine spyd til beskjæringskniver. Folk skal ikke løfte sverd mot folk, og de skal ikke mer lære å føre krig.

• Norsk King James

  Og han skal dømme blant nasjonene, og han skal irettesette mange folk; de skal smi sine sverd til plogjern og sine spyd til beskjæringsverktøy; nasjon skal ikke heve sverd mot nasjon, og de skal ikke mer lære krig.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Han skal dømme blant folkeslagene og megle for mange folk. De skal smi sine sverd om til hakker og sine spyd til vingårdskniver; folk skal ikke løfte sverd mot folk, og de skal ikke lenger lære å føre krig.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Han skal dømme mellom folkeslagene og felle dom over mange folk. De skal smi sine sverd til plogskjær og sine spyd til vingårdskniver. Folk skal ikke løfte sverd mot folkeslag, og de skal ikke lenger lære å føre krig.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Han skal dømme mellom folkene og skifte rett mellom mange folkeslag. De skal smi sine sverd om til plogskjær og sine spyd til vingårdskniver. Folk skal ikke løfte sverd mot hverandre, og de skal ikke lenger lære å føre krig.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Og han skal dømme blant folkeslagene og irettesette mange folk; de skal smi sine sverd om til plogskjær og sine spyd om til beskjæringskroker. Folkeslag skal ikke løfte sverd mot folkeslag, og de skal ikke lenger lære krig.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Han skal dømme mellom folkene og skifte rett mellom mange folkeslag. De skal smi sine sverd om til plogskjær og sine spyd til vingårdskniver. Folk skal ikke løfte sverd mot hverandre, og de skal ikke lenger lære å føre krig.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Han skal dømme mellom folkeslagene og felle dom for mange folk. De skal smi sine sverd om til plogjern og spydene til vingårdskniver. Folk skal ikke løfte sverd mot folk, og de skal ikke lære mer om krig.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  He will judge between the nations and settle disputes for many peoples. They will beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks. Nation will not take up sword against nation, nor will they learn war anymore.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Han skal dømme mellom folkeslagene og skifte rett for mange folk. De skal smi sine sverd om til plogskjær og sine spyd til vingårdskniver. Folk skal ikke løfte sverd mot hverandre, og de skal ikke lenger lære å føre krig.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Og han skal dømme iblandt Hedningerne og straffe mange Folk, og de skulle sammenslaae deres Sværd til Hakker, og deres Spyd til Segle; et Folk skal ikke opløfte Sværd mod et andet, og de skulle ikke ydermere lære (at føre) Krig.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And he shall judge among the nations, and shall rebuke many people: and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruninghooks: nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Han skal dømme mellom folkene og irettesette mange nasjoner. De skal smi sine sverd om til plogskjær og sine spyd til vingårdskniver. Nasjon skal ikke løfte sverd mot nasjon, og de skal ikke lenger lære å føre krig.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  And He shall judge among the nations and shall rebuke many people; and they shall beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks; nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war anymore.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And he shall judge among the nations, and shall rebuke many people: and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruninghooks: nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Han skal dømme mellom folkene og skifte rett for mange folkeslag. De skal smi sine sverd om til plogskjær og sine spyd til vingårdskniver. Folk skal ikke løfte sverd mot folk, og de skal ikke mer lære å føre krig.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Han skal dømme mellom folkeslagene, og felle dom over mange folk. De skal smi sine sverd om til plogskjer og sine spyd til vingårdskniver. Folk skal ikke løfte sverd mot folk, og de skal ikke lenger lære å føre krig.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Han skal dømme mellom folkene og skifte rett for mange folkeslag. De skal smi sine sverd om til plogskjær og sine spyd til beskjæringskniver. Folk skal ikke løfte sverd mot folk, ikke mer skal de lære å føre krig.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Han skal dømme mellom folkeslagene og skifte rett for mange folk. De skal smi sine sverd om til plogskjær og sine spyd til vingårdskniver. Ingen folk skal løfte sverd mot andre, og de skal ikke lenger lære å føre krig.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  and shal geue sentence amonge the heithen, and shal reforme the multitude of people: So that they shal breake their swerdes and speares, to make sythes, sycles & sawes therof. From that tyme forth shal not one people lift vp wapen agaynst another, nether shal they lerne to fight from thensforth.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And he shall iudge among the nations, and rebuke many people: they shall breake their swords also into mattocks, and their speares into siethes: nation shall not lift vp a sworde against nation, neither shal they learne to fight any more.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And shall geue sentence among the heathen, and shall refourme the multitude of people: they shall breake their swordes also into mattockes, and their speares to make sithes: And one people shall not lyft vp a weapon agaynst another, neither shall they learne to fyght from thencefoorth.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And he shall judge among the nations, and shall rebuke many people: and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruninghooks: nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  He will judge between the nations, And will decide concerning many peoples; And they shall beat their swords into plowshares, And their spears into pruning-hooks. Nation shall not lift up sword against nation, Neither shall they learn war any more.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And He hath judged between the nations, And hath given a decision to many peoples, And they have beat their swords to ploughshares, And their spears to pruning-hooks, Nation doth not lift up sword unto nation, Nor do they learn any more -- war.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And he will judge between the nations, and will decide concerning many peoples; and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning-hooks; nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And he will be the judge between the nations, and the peoples will be ruled by his decisions: and their swords will be turned into plough-blades, and their spears into vine-knives: no longer will the nations be turning their swords against one another, and the knowledge of war will be gone for ever.

• World English Bible (2000)

  He will judge between the nations, and will decide concerning many peoples; and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks. Nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  He will judge disputes between nations; he will settle cases for many peoples. They will beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks. Nations will not take up the sword against other nations, and they will no longer train for war.

Referenced Verses

• Zech 9:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Zechariah.9.10", "source": "וְהִכְרַתִּי־רֶ֣כֶב מֵאֶפְרַ֗יִם וְסוּס֙ מִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְנִכְרְתָה֙ קֶ֣שֶׁת מִלְחָמָ֔ה וְדִבֶּ֥ר שָׁל֖וֹם לַגּוֹיִ֑ם וּמָשְׁלוֹ֙ מִיָּ֣ם עַד־יָ֔ם וּמִנָּהָ֖ר עַד־אַפְסֵי־אָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*wə*-*hiḵrattî*-*reḵeḇ* from-*ʾep̄rayim* *wə*-*sûs* from-*yərûšālaim* *wə*-*niḵrəṯāh* *qešeṯ* *milḥāmāh* *wə*-*dibber* *šālôm* to-the-*gôyim* *û*-*mošlô* from-*yām* until-*yām* *û*-from-*nāhār* until-*ʾap̄sê*-*ʾāreṣ*.", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*hiḵrattî*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 1st person singular - I will cut off", "*reḵeḇ*": "noun, masculine, singular - chariot", "*mē*": "preposition - from", "*ʾep̄rayim*": "proper noun - Ephraim", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*sûs*": "noun, masculine, singular - horse", "*mi*": "preposition - from", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*niḵrəṯāh*": "verb, niphal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - will be cut off", "*qešeṯ*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct - bow of", "*milḥāmāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - war/battle", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*dibber*": "verb, piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will speak", "*šālôm*": "noun, masculine, singular - peace", "*la*": "preposition + definite article - to the", "*gôyim*": "noun, masculine, plural - nations", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*mošlô*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his dominion", "*mi*": "preposition - from", "*yām*": "noun, masculine, singular - sea", "*ʿaḏ*": "preposition - until/to", "*yām*": "noun, masculine, singular - sea", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*mi*": "preposition - from", "*nāhār*": "noun, masculine, singular - river", "*ʿaḏ*": "preposition - until/to", "*ʾap̄sê*": "noun, masculine, plural, construct - ends of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular - earth/land" }, "variants": { "*hiḵrattî*": "I will cut off/I will destroy/I will eliminate", "*reḵeḇ*": "chariot/war vehicle/chariotry", "*niḵrəṯāh*": "will be cut off/will be eliminated/will cease to exist", "*qešeṯ* *milḥāmāh*": "bow of war/battle bow/weapon of war", "*dibber*": "he will speak/he will command/he will declare", "*šālôm*": "peace/prosperity/welfare/wholeness", "*mošlô*": "his dominion/his rule/his kingdom", "*yām* *ʿaḏ*-*yām*": "from sea to sea/from one sea to another", "*nāhār* *ʿaḏ*-*ʾap̄sê*-*ʾāreṣ*": "from the river to the ends of the earth/from the Euphrates to the boundaries of the world" } }
• Hos 2:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Hosea.2.18", "source": "‫וְהָיָ֤ה בַיּוֹם־הַהוּא֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה תִּקְרְאִ֖י אִישִׁ֑י וְלֹֽא־תִקְרְאִי־לִ֥י ע֖וֹד בַּעְלִֽי׃‬", "text": "And *wəhāyāh* in-the-*yôm*-that *nəʾum*-*Yhwh*, *tiqrəʾî* *ʾîšî*; and not-*tiqrəʾî*-to-me again *baʿlî*.", "grammar": { "*wəhāyāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd singular, masculine - and it will be", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine, singular - day", "*nəʾum*": "construct noun, masculine, singular - declaration of", "*Yhwh*": "proper noun - YHWH", "*tiqrəʾî*": "qal imperfect, 2nd singular, feminine - you will call", "*ʾîšî*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my husband", "*tiqrəʾî*": "qal imperfect, 2nd singular, feminine - you will call", "*baʿlî*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my baal/master" }, "variants": { "*wəhāyāh*": "and it will be/happen/come to pass", "*yôm*": "day/time", "*nəʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle of", "*Yhwh*": "YHWH/the LORD/Yahweh", "*tiqrəʾî*": "you will call/name/address", "*ʾîšî*": "my husband/spouse (intimate relationship term)", "*baʿlî*": "my Baal/my master/my lord (term with connotations of ownership)" } }
• Joel 3:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Joel.3.10", "source": "כֹּ֤תּוּ אִתֵּיכֶם֙ לַֽחֲרָב֔וֹת וּמַזְמְרֹֽתֵיכֶ֖ם לִרְמָחִ֑ים הַֽחַלָּ֔שׁ יֹאמַ֖ר גִּבּ֥וֹר אָֽנִי", "text": "*Kōttû* *ʾittêḵem* to-*ḥărāḇôṯ* and-*mazməroṯêḵem* to-*rəmāḥîm* the-*ḥallāš* *yōʾmar* *gibbôr* *ʾānî*", "grammar": { "*kōttû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - beat/hammer", "*ʾittêḵem*": "direct object marker + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your plowshares", "*laḥărāḇôṯ*": "preposition + feminine plural noun - into swords", "*ûmazməroṯêḵem*": "conjunction + feminine plural noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - and your pruning hooks", "*lirəmāḥîm*": "preposition + masculine plural noun - into spears", "*haḥallāš*": "definite article + adjective masculine singular - the weak", "*yōʾmar*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - let him say", "*gibbôr*": "adjective masculine singular - mighty", "*ʾānî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I" }, "variants": { "*kōttû*": "beat/hammer/forge", "*ʾittêḵem*": "your plowshares/your plow blades", "*ḥărāḇôṯ*": "swords/knives", "*mazməroṯêḵem*": "your pruning hooks/your pruning knives", "*rəmāḥîm*": "spears/lances", "*ḥallāš*": "weak/feeble", "*gibbôr*": "mighty/strong/warrior" } }
• Isa 9:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Isaiah.9.7", "source": "דָּבָ֛ר שָׁלַ֥ח אֲדֹנָ֖י בְּיַעֲקֹ֑ב וְנָפַ֖ל בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*Dāḇār* *šālaḥ* *ʾăḏōnāy* in *yaʿăqōḇ* and it *nāp̄al* in *yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*Dāḇār*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - word", "*šālaḥ*": "verb, Qal, perfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular - he sent", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "noun, masculine, singular - Lord/my Lord", "*yaʿăqōḇ*": "proper noun - Jacob", "*nāp̄al*": "verb, Qal, perfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular - it fell", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*Dāḇār*": "word/speech/matter/thing", "*šālaḥ*": "sent/stretched out/let loose", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "Lord/my Lord/master", "*nāp̄al*": "fell/descended/happened" } }
• Isa 11:6-9 : 6 { "verseID": "Isaiah.11.6", "source": "וְגָ֤ר זְאֵב֙ עִם־כֶּ֔בֶשׂ וְנָמֵ֖ר עִם־גְּדִ֣י יִרְבָּ֑ץ וְעֵ֨גֶל וּכְפִ֤יר וּמְרִיא֙ יַחְדָּ֔ו וְנַ֥עַר קָטֹ֖ן נֹהֵ֥ג בָּֽם׃", "text": "*wə-gār zə'ēb 'im-kebeś wə-nāmēr 'im-gədî yirbāṣ wə-'ēgel ûkəpîr ûmərî' yaḥdāw wə-na'ar qāṭōn nōhēg bām*", "grammar": { "*wə-gār*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will dwell/sojourn", "*zə'ēb*": "masculine singular noun - wolf", "*'im*": "preposition - with", "*kebeś*": "masculine singular noun - lamb", "*wə-nāmēr*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and leopard", "*gədî*": "masculine singular noun - young goat/kid", "*yirbāṣ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will lie down", "*wə-'ēgel*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and calf", "*ûkəpîr*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and young lion", "*ûmərî'*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and fatling/fatted cattle", "*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together", "*wə-na'ar*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and youth/boy", "*qāṭōn*": "masculine singular adjective - small/little/young", "*nōhēg*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - leading/driving", "*bām*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - with them/in them" }, "variants": { "*gār*": "dwell/sojourn/abide", "*zə'ēb*": "wolf", "*kebeś*": "lamb/sheep", "*nāmēr*": "leopard", "*gədî*": "kid/young goat", "*yirbāṣ*": "lie down/rest/crouch", "*'ēgel*": "calf", "*kəpîr*": "young lion", "*mərî'*": "fatling/fatted animal/fatted cattle", "*na'ar*": "boy/youth/lad", "*qāṭōn*": "small/little/young", "*nōhēg*": "leading/driving/guiding" } } 7 { "verseID": "Isaiah.11.7", "source": "וּפָרָ֤ה וָדֹב֙ תִּרְעֶ֔ינָה יַחְדָּ֖ו יִרְבְּצ֣וּ יַלְדֵיהֶ֑ן וְאַרְיֵ֖ה כַּבָּקָ֥ר יֹֽאכַל־תֶּֽבֶן׃", "text": "*ûpārāh wādōb tirʿeynâ yaḥdāw yirbəṣû yaldēyhen wə-'aryēh kabbāqār yō'kal-teben*", "grammar": { "*ûpārāh*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun - and cow", "*wādōb*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and bear", "*tirʿeynâ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - they will graze/feed", "*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together", "*yirbəṣû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will lie down", "*yaldēyhen*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine plural suffix - their young ones", "*wə-'aryēh*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and lion", "*kabbāqār*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - like the cattle", "*yō'kal*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will eat", "*teben*": "masculine singular noun - straw/stubble/fodder" }, "variants": { "*pārāh*": "cow/heifer", "*dōb*": "bear", "*tirʿeynâ*": "will feed/will graze/will pasture", "*yirbəṣû*": "will lie down/will rest", "*yaldēyhen*": "their young ones/their children/their offspring", "*'aryēh*": "lion", "*bāqār*": "cattle/herd/ox", "*yō'kal*": "will eat/will devour/will consume", "*teben*": "straw/stubble/chaff/fodder" } } 8 { "verseID": "Isaiah.11.8", "source": "וְשִֽׁעֲשַׁ֥ע יוֹנֵ֖ק עַל־חֻ֣ר פָּ֑תֶן וְעַל֙ מְאוּרַ֣ת צִפְעוֹנִ֔י גָּמ֖וּל יָד֥וֹ הָדָֽה׃", "text": "*wə-ši'ăša' yônēq 'al-ḥur pāten wə-'al mə'ûrat ṣip'ônî gāmûl yādô hādâ*", "grammar": { "*wə-ši'ăša'*": "conjunction + Pilpel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will play/delight", "*yônēq*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - nursing/sucking", "*'al*": "preposition - over/upon/near", "*ḥur*": "masculine singular construct - hole of", "*pāten*": "masculine singular noun - cobra/asp", "*wə-'al*": "conjunction + preposition - and over/upon", "*mə'ûrat*": "feminine singular construct - den/lair of", "*ṣip'ônî*": "masculine singular noun - viper/adder", "*gāmûl*": "Qal passive participle, masculine singular - weaned child", "*yādô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*hādâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will put/stretch out" }, "variants": { "*ši'ăša'*": "play/delight/amuse oneself", "*yônēq*": "nursing child/infant/suckling", "*ḥur*": "hole/den/cave", "*pāten*": "cobra/asp/venomous snake", "*mə'ûrat*": "den/lair/hole", "*ṣip'ônî*": "viper/adder/poisonous snake", "*gāmûl*": "weaned child", "*hādâ*": "put/stretch out/extend" } } 9 { "verseID": "Isaiah.11.9", "source": "לֹֽא־יָרֵ֥עוּ וְלֹֽא־יַשְׁחִ֖יתוּ בְּכָל־הַ֣ר קָדְשִׁ֑י כִּֽי־מָלְאָ֣ה הָאָ֗רֶץ דֵּעָה֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה כַּמַּ֖יִם לַיָּ֥ם מְכַסִּֽים׃", "text": "*lō'-yārē'û wə-lō'-yašḥîtû bə-kol-har qodšî kî-mālə'āh hā'āreṣ dē'āh 'et-YHWH kammayim layyām məkassîm*", "grammar": { "*lō'*": "negative particle - not", "*yārē'û*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will harm/hurt", "*wə-lō'*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*yašḥîtû*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will destroy/corrupt", "*bə-kol*": "preposition + noun construct - in all of", "*har*": "masculine singular construct - mountain of", "*qodšî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st common singular suffix - my holiness/sanctuary", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*mālə'āh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - is full", "*hā'āreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the earth/land", "*dē'āh*": "feminine singular noun - knowledge", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*kammayim*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - like the waters", "*layyām*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - to the sea", "*məkassîm*": "Piel participle, masculine plural - covering" }, "variants": { "*yārē'û*": "will harm/will hurt/will do evil", "*yašḥîtû*": "will destroy/will corrupt/will ruin", "*har*": "mountain/hill", "*qodšî*": "my holiness/my holy place/my sanctuary", "*mālə'āh*": "is full/is filled", "*dē'āh*": "knowledge/understanding", "*mayim*": "waters", "*yām*": "sea/ocean", "*məkassîm*": "covering/concealing" } }
• Ps 46:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Psalms.46.9", "source": "לְֽכוּ־חֲ֭זוּ מִפְעֲל֣וֹת יְהוָ֑ה אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֖ם שַׁמּ֣וֹת בָּאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*ləkû*-*ḥăzû* *mipʿălôt* *YHWH* *ʾăšer*-*śām* *šammôt* in-the-*ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*ləkû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - come/go", "*ḥăzû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - see/behold", "*mipʿălôt*": "feminine plural construct - works/deeds of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*ʾăšer-śām*": "relative pronoun + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - who has placed", "*šammôt*": "feminine plural noun - desolations/astonishments", "*bā-ʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - in the earth/land" }, "variants": { "*ləkû*": "come/go", "*ḥăzû*": "see/behold/observe", "*mipʿălôt*": "works/deeds/acts", "*śām*": "placed/set/appointed", "*šammôt*": "desolations/astonishments/devastations" } }
• Ps 72:3-7 : 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.72.3", "source": "יִשְׂא֤וּ הָרִ֓ים שָׁ֘ל֥וֹם לָעָ֑ם וּ֝גְבָע֗וֹת בִּצְדָקָֽה׃", "text": "*yiśəʾû* *hārîm* *shālôm* to-*ʿām* and-*gəbāʿôt* in-*ṣədāqāh*", "grammar": { "*yiśəʾû*": "verb, imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will lift/bear", "*hārîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - mountains", "*shālôm*": "noun, masculine, singular - peace", "*lā-ʿām*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular - to/for the people", "*û-gəbāʿôt*": "conjunction + noun, feminine, plural - and hills", "*bi-ṣədāqāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular - in/with righteousness" }, "variants": { "*yiśəʾû*": "they will bring/bear/carry", "*hārîm*": "mountains/heights", "*shālôm*": "peace/prosperity/welfare", "*ʿām*": "people/nation/folk", "*gəbāʿôt*": "hills/heights", "*ṣədāqāh*": "righteousness/justice/righteous acts" } } 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.72.4", "source": "יִשְׁפֹּ֤ט ׀ עֲ‍ֽנִיֵּי־עָ֗ם י֭וֹשִׁיעַ לִבְנֵ֣י אֶבְי֑וֹן וִֽידַכֵּ֣א עוֹשֵֽׁק׃", "text": "*yishpōṭ* ׀ *ʿănîyê*-*ʿām* *yôshîaʿ* to-*bənê* *ʾebyôn* and-*yədakkēʾ* *ʿôshēq*", "grammar": { "*yishpōṭ*": "verb, imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will judge", "*ʿănîyê-ʿām*": "construct phrase, noun plural construct + noun - poor of people", "*yôshîaʿ*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will save", "*li-bənê ʾebyôn*": "preposition + noun, masculine, plural construct + noun - to/for sons of needy", "*wî-dakkēʾ*": "conjunction + verb, piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he will crush", "*ʿôshēq*": "noun, masculine, singular - oppressor" }, "variants": { "*yishpōṭ*": "he will judge/govern/vindicate", "*ʿănîyê-ʿām*": "poor of the people/afflicted of the nation", "*yôshîaʿ*": "he will save/deliver/help", "*bənê ʾebyôn*": "children of the needy/poor offspring", "*yədakkēʾ*": "he will crush/oppress/break in pieces", "*ʿôshēq*": "oppressor/extortioner/one who oppresses" } } 5 { "verseID": "Psalms.72.5", "source": "יִֽירָא֥וּךָ עִם־שָׁ֑מֶשׁ וְלִפְנֵ֥י יָ֝רֵ֗חַ דּ֣וֹר דּוֹרִֽים׃", "text": "*yîrāʾûkā* with-*shāmesh* and-before *yārēaḥ* *dôr* *dôrîm*", "grammar": { "*yîrāʾûkā*": "verb, imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - they will fear you", "*ʿim-shāmesh*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular - with/as long as sun", "*wə-lipnê*": "conjunction + preposition + construct form - and before", "*yārēaḥ*": "noun, masculine, singular - moon", "*dôr dôrîm*": "noun, masculine, singular + noun, masculine, plural - generation of generations" }, "variants": { "*yîrāʾûkā*": "they will fear you/revere you/be in awe of you", "*ʿim-shāmesh*": "with the sun/as long as the sun/while the sun endures", "*lipnê yārēaḥ*": "before the moon/in the presence of the moon", "*dôr dôrîm*": "generation of generations/throughout all generations/all successive generations" } } 6 { "verseID": "Psalms.72.6", "source": "יֵ֭רֵד כְּמָטָ֣ר עַל־גֵּ֑ז כִּ֝רְבִיבִ֗ים זַרְזִ֥יף אָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*yērēd* like-*māṭār* upon-*gēz* like-*rəbîbîm* *zarzîp* *ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*yērēd*": "verb, imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will come down", "*kə-māṭār*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular - like rain", "*ʿal-gēz*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular - upon mown grass", "*ki-rəbîbîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine, plural - like showers", "*zarzîp*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - watering", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular - earth/land" }, "variants": { "*yērēd*": "he will come down/descend", "*māṭār*": "rain/rainfall", "*gēz*": "mown grass/fleece/shearing", "*rəbîbîm*": "showers/rain drops", "*zarzîp*": "dripping/watering/saturating", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground" } } 7 { "verseID": "Psalms.72.7", "source": "יִֽפְרַח־בְּיָמָ֥יו צַדִּ֑יק וְרֹ֥ב שָׁ֝ל֗וֹם עַד־בְּלִ֥י יָרֵֽחַ׃", "text": "*yipraḥ*-in-*yāmāyw* *ṣaddîq* and-abundance *shālôm* until-without *yārēaḥ*", "grammar": { "*yipraḥ*": "verb, imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he/it will flourish", "*bə-yāmāyw*": "preposition + noun, masculine, plural construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his days", "*ṣaddîq*": "adjective, masculine, singular - righteous one", "*wə-rōb*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular construct - and abundance of", "*shālôm*": "noun, masculine, singular - peace", "*ʿad-bəlî*": "preposition + preposition - until without", "*yārēaḥ*": "noun, masculine, singular - moon" }, "variants": { "*yipraḥ*": "will flourish/bloom/sprout", "*yāmāyw*": "his days/during his lifetime", "*ṣaddîq*": "righteous one/just person/the righteous", "*rōb*": "abundance/multitude/greatness", "*shālôm*": "peace/prosperity/welfare", "*ʿad-bəlî yārēaḥ*": "until no moon/until the moon is no more/as long as the moon endures" } }
• Ps 82:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Psalms.82.8", "source": "קוּמָ֣ה אֱ֭לֹהִים שָׁפְטָ֣ה הָאָ֑רֶץ כִּֽי־אַתָּ֥ה תִ֝נְחַ֗ל בְּכָל־הַגּוֹיִֽם׃", "text": "*qûmāh* *ʾĕlōhîm* *šop̄ṭāh* the-*ʾāreṣ* for-*ʾattāh* *tinḥal* in-all-the-*gôyîm*", "grammar": { "*qûmāh*": "qal imperative masculine singular with paragogic he - arise!/stand up!", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun with singular meaning - God", "*šop̄ṭāh*": "qal imperative masculine singular with paragogic he - judge!", "the-*ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the earth/land", "for-*ʾattāh*": "conjunction + 2nd person masculine singular pronoun - for you", "*tinḥal*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you inherit/possess", "in-all-the-*gôyîm*": "preposition + construct + definite article + masculine plural noun - in all the nations" }, "variants": { "*qûmāh*": "arise/stand up/take action", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings", "*šop̄ṭāh*": "judge/vindicate/govern", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/world", "*tinḥal*": "inherit/possess/take possession of", "*gôyîm*": "nations/peoples/gentiles" } }
• Ps 96:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Psalms.96.13", "source": "לִפְנֵ֤י יְהוָ֨ה ׀ כִּ֬י בָ֗א כִּ֥י בָא֮ לִשְׁפֹּ֢ט הָ֫אָ֥רֶץ יִשְׁפֹּֽט־תֵּבֵ֥ל בְּצֶ֑דֶק וְ֝עַמִּ֗ים בֶּאֱמוּנָתֽוֹ׃", "text": "before-*YHWH* *kî* *ḇāʾ* *kî* *ḇāʾ* to-*lišpōṭ* *hāʾāreṣ* *yišpōṭ*-*tēḇēl* in-*ṣeḏeq* *wəʿammîm* in-*ʾĕmûnāṯô*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ḇāʾ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has come", "*lišpōṭ*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - to judge", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land", "*yišpōṭ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will judge", "*tēḇēl*": "noun, feminine singular - world/inhabited earth", "*ṣeḏeq*": "noun, masculine singular - righteousness/justice", "*wəʿammîm*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural - and peoples", "*ʾĕmûnāṯô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his faithfulness/trustworthiness" }, "variants": { "*ḇāʾ*": "has come/is coming/arrived", "*lišpōṭ*": "to judge/govern/vindicate", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "the earth/land/ground", "*tēḇēl*": "world/inhabited earth", "*ṣeḏeq*": "righteousness/justice/rightness", "*ʿammîm*": "peoples/nations/folk", "*ʾĕmûnāṯô*": "his faithfulness/trustworthiness/steadfastness/truth" } }
• Ps 110:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Psalms.110.6", "source": "יָדִ֣ין בַּ֭גּוֹיִם מָלֵ֣א גְוִיּ֑וֹת מָ֥חַץ רֹ֝֗אשׁ עַל־אֶ֥רֶץ רַבָּֽה", "text": "*Yādîn* among the *gôyim*, *mālēʾ* *gěwiyyôt*; *māḥaṣ* *rōʾš* over-*ʾereṣ* *rabbâ*", "grammar": { "*Yādîn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - 'he will judge'", "*baggôyim*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - 'among the nations'", "*mālēʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - 'he filled/fulfilled'", "*gěwiyyôt*": "feminine plural noun - 'bodies/corpses'", "*māḥaṣ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - 'he struck/smashed/shattered'", "*rōʾš*": "masculine singular noun - 'head/chief'", "*ʿal*-*ʾereṣ*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - 'over land/earth'", "*rabbâ*": "feminine singular adjective - 'great/many/much'" }, "variants": { "*Yādîn*": "he will judge/govern/contend with", "*gôyim*": "nations/peoples/gentiles", "*mālēʾ*": "filled/fulfilled/satisfied", "*gěwiyyôt*": "bodies/corpses/carcasses", "*rōʾš*": "head/chief/top/beginning", "*ʾereṣ*": "land/earth/territory/ground", "*rabbâ*": "great/many/much/wide" } }
• Isa 32:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Isaiah.32.18", "source": "וְיָשַׁ֥ב עַמִּ֖י בִּנְוֵ֣ה שָׁל֑וֹם וּֽבְמִשְׁכְּנוֹת֙ מִבְטַחִ֔ים וּבִמְנוּחֹ֖ת שַׁאֲנַנּֽוֹת׃", "text": "And-*yāšab* *ʿammî* in-*nāwê* *šālôm* and-in-*miškənôt* *mibṭaḥîm* and-in-*mənûḥôt* *šaʾănannôt*.", "grammar": { "*yāšab*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - then will dwell", "*ʿammî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*nāwê*": "masculine singular construct - habitation, abode", "*šālôm*": "masculine singular noun - peace, completeness", "*miškənôt*": "feminine plural noun - dwellings, tabernacles", "*mibṭaḥîm*": "masculine plural noun - secure places, security", "*mənûḥôt*": "feminine plural noun - resting places", "*šaʾănannôt*": "adjective feminine plural - quiet, at ease" }, "variants": { "*yāšab*": "to dwell/sit/remain", "*ʿammî*": "my people/my nation", "*nāwê*": "habitation of/abode of/dwelling place of", "*šālôm*": "peace/completeness/welfare", "*miškənôt*": "dwellings/tabernacles/tents", "*mibṭaḥîm*": "secure places/security/confidence", "*mənûḥôt*": "resting places/quiet places", "*šaʾănannôt*": "quiet/at ease/peaceful" } }
• Isa 60:17-18 : 17 { "verseID": "Isaiah.60.17", "source": "תַּ֣חַת הַנְּחֹ֜שֶׁת אָבִ֣יא זָהָ֗ב וְתַ֤חַת הַבַּרְזֶל֙ אָ֣בִיא כֶ֔סֶף וְתַ֤חַת הָֽעֵצִים֙ נְחֹ֔שֶׁת וְתַ֥חַת הָאֲבָנִ֖ים בַּרְזֶ֑ל וְשַׂמְתִּ֤י פְקֻדָּתֵךְ֙ שָׁל֔וֹם וְנֹגְשַׂ֖יִךְ צְדָקָֽה", "text": "*Taḥat* the *nĕḥōšet* I will *bî* *zāhāb* and *taḥat* the *barzel* I will *bî* *kesep*, and *taḥat* the *ʿēṣîm* *nĕḥōšet*, and *taḥat* the *ʾăbānîm* *barzel*; and I will *śamtî* your *pĕquddâtēk* *šālôm*, and your *nōgĕśayik* *ṣĕdāqâ*.", "grammar": { "*Taḥat*": "preposition - instead of/beneath", "*nĕḥōšet*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct - bronze/copper", "*bî*": "verb, hiphil, imperfect, 1st person singular - bring/cause to come", "*zāhāb*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - gold", "*barzel*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - iron", "*kesep*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - silver", "*ʿēṣîm*": "noun, masculine, plural, absolute - trees/wood", "*ʾăbānîm*": "noun, feminine, plural, absolute - stones", "*śamtî*": "verb, qal, perfect, 1st person singular with waw consecutive - I will set/place/appoint", "*pĕquddâtēk*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your oversight/government/officials", "*šālôm*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - peace/completeness", "*nōgĕśayik*": "noun, masculine, plural, construct with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your oppressors/taskmasters", "*ṣĕdāqâ*": "noun, feminine, singular, absolute - righteousness/justice" }, "variants": { "*Taḥat*": "instead of/in place of/beneath/under", "*nĕḥōšet*": "bronze/copper/brass", "*pĕquddâtēk*": "your oversight/your officers/your government/your visitation", "*nōgĕśayik*": "your oppressors/your taskmasters/your exactors", "*ṣĕdāqâ*": "righteousness/justice/rightness" } } 18 { "verseID": "Isaiah.60.18", "source": "לֹא־יִשָּׁמַ֨ע ע֤וֹד חָמָס֙ בְּאַרְצֵ֔ךְ שֹׁ֥ד וָשֶׁ֖בֶר בִּגְבוּלָ֑יִךְ וְקָרָ֤את יְשׁוּעָה֙ חוֹמֹתַ֔יִךְ וּשְׁעָרַ֖יִךְ תְּהִלָּֽה", "text": "Not *yiššāmaʿ* yet *ḥāmās* in your *ʾarṣēk*, *šōd* and *šeber* in your *gĕbûlāyik*; and you will *qārāʾt* *yĕšûʿâ* your *ḥômōtayik*, and your *šĕʿārayik* *tĕhillâ*.", "grammar": { "*yiššāmaʿ*": "verb, niphal, imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will be heard", "*ḥāmās*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - violence/wrong", "*ʾarṣēk*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your land", "*šōd*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - devastation/violence", "*šeber*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - destruction/breaking", "*gĕbûlāyik*": "noun, masculine, plural, construct with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your borders/boundaries", "*qārāʾt*": "verb, qal, perfect, 2nd person feminine singular with waw consecutive - you will call", "*yĕšûʿâ*": "noun, feminine, singular, absolute - salvation/deliverance", "*ḥômōtayik*": "noun, feminine, plural, construct with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your walls", "*šĕʿārayik*": "noun, masculine, plural, construct with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your gates", "*tĕhillâ*": "noun, feminine, singular, absolute - praise/song of praise" }, "variants": { "*ḥāmās*": "violence/wrong/injustice", "*šōd*": "devastation/violence/destruction", "*šeber*": "destruction/breaking/fracture/ruin", "*qārāʾt*": "you will call/name/proclaim", "*yĕšûʿâ*": "salvation/deliverance/victory", "*tĕhillâ*": "praise/glory/song of praise" } }
• Isa 11:3-4 : 3 { "verseID": "Isaiah.11.3", "source": "וַהֲרִיח֖וֹ בְּיִרְאַ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה וְלֹֽא־לְמַרְאֵ֤ה עֵינָיו֙ יִשְׁפּ֔וֹט וְלֹֽא־לְמִשְׁמַ֥ע אָזְנָ֖יו יוֹכִֽיחַ׃", "text": "*wa-hărîḥô bə-yir'at YHWH wə-lō'-lə-mar'ēh 'ēynāyw yišpôṭ wə-lō'-lə-mišma' 'oznāyw yôkîaḥ*", "grammar": { "*wa-hărîḥô*": "conjunction + Hiphil infinitive with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his delight/smelling", "*bə-yir'at*": "preposition + feminine singular construct - in fear of", "*wə-lō'*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*lə-mar'ēh*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - according to sight of", "*'ēynāyw*": "common dual noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his eyes", "*yišpôṭ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will judge", "*lə-mišma'*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - according to hearing of", "*'oznāyw*": "common dual noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his ears", "*yôkîaḥ*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will decide/reprove" }, "variants": { "*hărîḥô*": "his delight/his breathing in/his perception/his smelling", "*yir'at*": "fear/reverence/awe", "*mar'ēh*": "sight/appearance/vision", "*yišpôṭ*": "will judge/will govern/will vindicate", "*mišma'*": "hearing/what is heard", "*yôkîaḥ*": "will decide/will reprove/will arbitrate/will rebuke" } } 4 { "verseID": "Isaiah.11.4", "source": "וְשָׁפַ֤ט בְּצֶ֙דֶק֙ דַּלִּ֔ים וְהוֹכִ֥יחַ בְּמִישׁ֖וֹר לְעַנְוֵי־אָ֑רֶץ וְהִֽכָּה־אֶ֙רֶץ֙ בְּשֵׁ֣בֶט פִּ֔יו וּבְר֥וּחַ שְׂפָתָ֖יו יָמִ֥ית רָשָֽׁע׃", "text": "*wə-šāpaṭ bə-ṣedeq dallîm wə-hôkîaḥ bə-mîšôr lə-'anwēy-'āreṣ wə-hikkâh-'ereṣ bə-šēbeṭ pîw ûbə-rûaḥ śəpātāyw yāmît rāšā'*", "grammar": { "*wə-šāpaṭ*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he will judge", "*bə-ṣedeq*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - in righteousness", "*dallîm*": "masculine plural adjective - poor/weak ones", "*wə-hôkîaḥ*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he will decide/reprove", "*bə-mîšôr*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - with equity/fairness", "*lə-'anwēy*": "preposition + masculine plural construct - for meek/humble ones of", "*'āreṣ*": "feminine singular noun - earth/land", "*wə-hikkâh*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he will strike", "*'ereṣ*": "feminine singular noun - earth/land", "*bə-šēbeṭ*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - with rod of", "*pîw*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his mouth", "*ûbə-rûaḥ*": "conjunction + preposition + feminine singular construct - and with breath of", "*śəpātāyw*": "feminine dual noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his lips", "*yāmît*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will kill/slay", "*rāšā'*": "masculine singular adjective - wicked/guilty one" }, "variants": { "*šāpaṭ*": "judge/govern/vindicate", "*ṣedeq*": "righteousness/justice", "*dallîm*": "poor/weak/needy/helpless ones", "*hôkîaḥ*": "decide/reprove/arbitrate/rebuke", "*mîšôr*": "equity/fairness/levelness/straightness", "*'anwēy*": "meek/humble/afflicted/poor ones", "*hikkâh*": "strike/smite/hit/beat", "*šēbeṭ*": "rod/staff/scepter/tribe", "*rûaḥ*": "breath/wind/spirit", "*yāmît*": "will kill/will slay/will put to death", "*rāšā'*": "wicked/guilty/criminal one" } }
• Mic 4:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Micah.4.3", "source": "וְשָׁפַ֗ט בֵּ֚ין עַמִּ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים וְהוֹכִ֛יחַ לְגוֹיִ֥ם עֲצֻמִ֖ים עַד־רָח֑וֹק וְכִתְּת֨וּ חַרְבֹתֵיהֶ֜ם לְאִתִּ֗ים וַחֲנִיתֹֽתֵיהֶם֙ לְמַזְמֵר֔וֹת לֹֽא־יִשְׂא֞וּ גּ֤וֹי אֶל־גּוֹי֙ חֶ֔רֶב וְלֹא־יִלְמְד֥וּן ע֖וֹד מִלְחָמָֽה׃", "text": "And *šāpaṭ* between *ʿammîm* *rabbîm* and *hôkîaḥ* to-*gôyim* *ʿăṣumîm* until-*rāḥôq*; and *kittətû* *ḥarbōtêhem* to-*ʾittîm* and-*ḥănîtōtêhem* to-*mazmerôt*; not-*yiśʾû* *gôy* to-*gôy* *ḥereb* and-not-*yilmədûn* again *milḥāmāh*.", "grammar": { "*wə-šāpaṭ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he will judge", "*bên*": "preposition - between", "*ʿammîm*": "masculine plural noun - peoples/nations", "*rabbîm*": "masculine plural adjective - many/great", "*wə-hôkîaḥ*": "conjunction + hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he will decide/arbitrate/rebuke", "*lə*": "preposition - to/for", "*gôyim*": "masculine plural noun - nations/peoples/gentiles", "*ʿăṣumîm*": "masculine plural adjective - mighty/strong/numerous", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until/as far as", "*rāḥôq*": "masculine singular adjective - far away/distant", "*wə-kittətû*": "conjunction + piel perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will beat/hammer", "*ḥarbōtêhem*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their swords", "*lə*": "preposition - to/for/into", "*ʾittîm*": "masculine plural noun - plowshares", "*wa-ḥănîtōtêhem*": "conjunction + feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their spears", "*lə*": "preposition - to/for/into", "*mazmerôt*": "feminine plural noun - pruning hooks", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yiśʾû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will lift/carry/raise", "*gôy*": "masculine singular noun - nation", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/toward", "*gôy*": "masculine singular noun - nation", "*ḥereb*": "feminine singular noun - sword", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*yilmədûn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural (paragogic nun) - they will learn", "*ʿôd*": "adverb - still/again/anymore", "*milḥāmāh*": "feminine singular noun - war/battle" }, "variants": { "*šāpaṭ*": "judge/govern/vindicate", "*hôkîaḥ*": "decide/arbitrate/rebuke/reprove", "*ʿăṣumîm*": "mighty/strong/numerous", "*kittətû*": "beat/hammer/forge", "*ʾittîm*": "plowshares/mattocks", "*mazmerôt*": "pruning hooks/pruning knives", "*yiśʾû*": "lift/carry/bear/raise" } }
• 1 Sam 2:10 : 10 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.2.10", "source": "יְהוָ֞ה יֵחַ֣תּוּ מְרִיבָ֗יו עָלָיו֙ בַּשָּׁמַ֣יִם יַרְעֵ֔ם יְהוָ֖ה יָדִ֣ין אַפְסֵי־אָ֑רֶץ וְיִתֶּן־עֹ֣ז לְמַלְכּ֔וֹ וְיָרֵ֖ם קֶ֥רֶן מְשִׁיחֽוֹ׃", "text": "*YHWH* *yēḥattû* *mərîbāyw*, against him in *šāmayim* *yarʿēm*; *YHWH* *yādîn* *ʾafsê*-*ʾāreṣ*, and *yitten*-*ʿōz* to *malkô*, and *yārēm* *qeren* *məšîḥô*.", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*yēḥattû*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they will be shattered/broken", "*mərîbāyw*": "Qal participle masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his adversaries", "*šāmayim*": "noun masculine plural - heavens", "*yarʿēm*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he thunders", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*yādîn*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he judges", "*ʾafsê*": "noun masculine plural construct - ends of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun feminine singular - earth/land", "*yitten*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he gives", "*ʿōz*": "noun masculine singular - strength", "*malkô*": "noun masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his king", "*yārēm*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he exalts", "*qeren*": "noun feminine singular construct - horn of", "*məšîḥô*": "noun masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his anointed" }, "variants": { "*yēḥattû*": "they will be shattered/broken/dismayed", "*mərîbāyw*": "his adversaries/opponents/enemies", "*yarʿēm*": "he thunders/roars/causes to tremble", "*yādîn*": "he judges/governs/vindicates", "*ʾafsê*": "ends/extremities/boundaries", "*yitten*": "he gives/grants/bestows", "*ʿōz*": "strength/might/power", "*yārēm*": "he exalts/lifts up/raises", "*qeren*": "horn (symbol of strength/power/dignity)", "*məšîḥô*": "his anointed one/his messiah" } }
• John 16:8-9 : 8 { "verseID": "John.16.8", "source": "Καὶ ἐλθὼν, ἐκεῖνος ἐλέγξει τὸν κόσμον περὶ ἁμαρτίας, καὶ περὶ δικαιοσύνης, καὶ περὶ κρίσεως:", "text": "And *elthōn*, that one will *elegxei* the *kosmon peri hamartias*, and *peri dikaiosynēs*, and *peri kriseōs*:", "grammar": { "Καὶ": "conjunction - and", "*elthōn*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having come", "ἐκεῖνος": "demonstrative pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular - that one", "*elegxei*": "future active indicative, 3rd person singular - will convict/expose", "τὸν": "definite article, accusative, masculine, singular - the", "*kosmon*": "noun, accusative, masculine, singular - world", "*peri*": "preposition - concerning", "*hamartias*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - sin", "καὶ": "conjunction - and", "*peri*": "preposition - concerning", "*dikaiosynēs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - righteousness", "καὶ": "conjunction - and", "*peri*": "preposition - concerning", "*kriseōs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - judgment" }, "variants": { "*elthōn*": "having come/when he comes", "*elegxei*": "will convict/will expose/will prove wrong", "*kosmon*": "world/world-system/humanity", "*peri*": "concerning/about/regarding", "*hamartias*": "sin/wrongdoing", "*dikaiosynēs*": "righteousness/justice", "*kriseōs*": "judgment/decision/condemnation" } } 9 { "verseID": "John.16.9", "source": "Περὶ ἁμαρτίας μέν, ὅτι οὐ πιστεύουσιν εἰς ἐμέ·", "text": "*Peri hamartias men*, because not *pisteuousin eis* me;", "grammar": { "*Peri*": "preposition - concerning", "*hamartias*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - sin", "*men*": "particle indicating contrast with following clause - on the one hand", "ὅτι": "conjunction - because", "οὐ": "negative particle - not", "*pisteuousin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person plural - they believe", "*eis*": "preposition - into/in", "ἐμέ": "personal pronoun, accusative, singular - me" }, "variants": { "*Peri*": "concerning/about/regarding", "*hamartias*": "sin/wrongdoing", "*men*": "on the one hand (usually paired with δέ in a following clause)", "*pisteuousin*": "they believe/they trust/they have faith", "*eis*": "into/in/toward (stronger than simple dative, implying movement toward and relationship with)" } } 10 { "verseID": "John.16.10", "source": "Περὶ δικαιοσύνης δέ, ὅτι πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα μου ὑπάγω, καὶ οὐκέτι θεωρεῖτέ με·", "text": "*Peri dikaiosynēs de*, because *pros* the *Patera* of me *hypagō*, and no longer *theōreite* me;", "grammar": { "*Peri*": "preposition - concerning", "*dikaiosynēs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - righteousness", "*de*": "contrastive particle - but/and", "ὅτι": "conjunction - because", "*pros*": "preposition with accusative - to", "τὸν": "definite article, accusative, masculine, singular - the", "*Patera*": "noun, accusative, masculine, singular - Father", "μου": "personal pronoun, genitive, singular - of me", "*hypagō*": "present active indicative, 1st person singular - I go away", "καὶ": "conjunction - and", "οὐκέτι": "adverb - no longer", "*theōreite*": "present active indicative, 2nd person plural - you see/behold" }, "variants": { "*Peri*": "concerning/about/regarding", "*dikaiosynēs*": "righteousness/justice", "*de*": "but/and (contrasting with *men* in previous verse)", "*pros*": "to/toward/with", "*Patera*": "Father", "*hypagō*": "I go away/I depart/I go", "*theōreite*": "you see/you behold/you perceive" } } 11 { "verseID": "John.16.11", "source": "Περὶ δὲ κρίσεως, ὅτι ὁ ἄρχων τοῦ κόσμου τούτου κέκριται.", "text": "*Peri de kriseōs*, because the *archōn* of the *kosmou toutou kekritai*.", "grammar": { "*Peri*": "preposition - concerning", "*de*": "contrastive particle - but/and", "*kriseōs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - judgment", "ὅτι": "conjunction - because", "ὁ": "definite article, nominative, masculine, singular - the", "*archōn*": "noun, nominative, masculine, singular - ruler/prince", "τοῦ": "definite article, genitive, masculine, singular - of the", "*kosmou*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - world", "*toutou*": "demonstrative pronoun, genitive, masculine, singular - this", "*kekritai*": "perfect passive indicative, 3rd person singular - has been judged" }, "variants": { "*Peri*": "concerning/about/regarding", "*de*": "but/and (continuing the contrast with *men* in verse 9)", "*kriseōs*": "judgment/condemnation/decision", "*archōn*": "ruler/prince/authority", "*kosmou*": "world/world-system/age", "*toutou*": "this/this present", "*kekritai*": "has been judged/has been condemned (perfect tense indicating completed action with ongoing results)" } }
• Acts 17:31 : 31 { "verseID": "Acts.17.31", "source": "Διότι ἔστησεν ἡμέραν, ἐν ᾗ μέλλει κρίνειν τὴν οἰκουμένην ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ ἐν ἀνδρὶ ᾧ ὥρισεν· πίστιν παρασχὼν πᾶσιν, ἀναστήσας αὐτὸν ἐκ νεκρῶν.", "text": "Because he *estēsen* *hēmeran*, in which he *mellei* to *krinein* the *oikoumenēn* in *dikaiosynē* in *andri* whom he *hōrisen*; *pistin* having *paraschōn* to all, having *anastēsas* him from *nekrōn*.", "grammar": { "*estēsen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - he set/appointed", "*hēmeran*": "accusative singular feminine - day", "*mellei*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - he is about to", "*krinein*": "present active infinitive - to judge", "*oikoumenēn*": "accusative singular feminine - inhabited world", "*dikaiosynē*": "dative singular feminine - righteousness", "*andri*": "dative singular masculine - by man", "*hōrisen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - he appointed", "*pistin*": "accusative singular feminine - faith/assurance", "*paraschōn*": "aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine - having provided", "*anastēsas*": "aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine - having raised", "*nekrōn*": "genitive plural masculine - of dead ones" }, "variants": { "*estēsen*": "set/appointed/established", "*mellei*": "is about to/is going to/intends", "*krinein*": "to judge/to decide/to determine", "*oikoumenēn*": "inhabited world/earth/empire", "*dikaiosynē*": "righteousness/justice", "*hōrisen*": "appointed/determined/fixed", "*pistin*": "faith/assurance/proof", "*paraschōn*": "having provided/having given/having furnished", "*anastēsas*": "having raised/having resurrected" } }
• Rev 19:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Revelation.19.11", "source": "Καὶ εἶδον τὸν οὐρανὸν ἀνεῳγμένον, καὶ ἰδοὺ ἵππος λευκός· καὶ ὁ καθήμενος ἐπʼ αὐτὸν καλούμενος Πιστὸς καὶ Ἀληθινός, καὶ ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ κρίνει καὶ πολεμεῖ.", "text": "And I *eidon* the *ouranon* *aneōgmenon*, and *idou* *hippos* *leukos*; and the one *kathēmenos* upon him *kaloumenos* *Pistos* and *Alēthinos*, and in *dikaiosynē* he *krinei* and *polemei*.", "grammar": { "*eidon*": "aorist, indicative, active, 1st person singular - I saw", "*ouranon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - heaven", "*aneōgmenon*": "perfect participle, passive, accusative, masculine, singular - having been opened", "*idou*": "aorist imperative, middle, 2nd person singular - behold/look", "*hippos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - horse", "*leukos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - white", "*kathēmenos*": "present participle, middle, nominative, masculine, singular - sitting", "*kaloumenos*": "present participle, passive, nominative, masculine, singular - being called", "*Pistos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Faithful", "*Alēthinos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - True", "*dikaiosynē*": "dative, feminine, singular - righteousness", "*krinei*": "present, indicative, active, 3rd person singular - judges", "*polemei*": "present, indicative, active, 3rd person singular - makes war" }, "variants": { "*eidon*": "saw/beheld/perceived", "*ouranon*": "heaven/sky", "*aneōgmenon*": "having been opened/standing open", "*idou*": "behold/look/see", "*hippos*": "horse/steed", "*leukos*": "white/bright/shining", "*kathēmenos*": "sitting/seated/mounted", "*kaloumenos*": "being called/named/designated", "*Pistos*": "Faithful/Trustworthy/Reliable", "*Alēthinos*": "True/Genuine/Real", "*dikaiosynē*": "righteousness/justice/uprightness", "*krinei*": "judges/decides/evaluates", "*polemei*": "makes war/battles/fights" } }
• Isa 9:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Isaiah.9.5", "source": "כִּי־יֶ֣לֶד יֻלַּד־לָ֗נוּ בֵּ֚ן נִתַּן־לָ֔נוּ וַתְּהִ֥י הַמִּשְׂרָ֖ה עַל־שִׁכְמ֑וֹ וַיִּקְרָ֨א שְׁמ֜וֹ פֶּ֠לֶא יוֹעֵץ֙ אֵ֣ל גִּבּ֔וֹר אֲבִיעַ֖ד שַׂר־שָׁלֽוֹם׃", "text": "For *yeleḏ* *yullaḏ*-to us *bēn* *nittan*-to us *wattəhî* the *miśrāh* upon-his *šiḵmô* *wayyiqrāʾ* his *šəmô* *peleʾ* *yôʿēṣ* *ʾēl* *gibbôr* *ʾăḇîʿaḏ* *śar*-*šālôm*.", "grammar": { "*yeleḏ*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - child", "*yullaḏ*": "verb, Pual, perfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular - is born/was born", "*bēn*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - son", "*nittan*": "verb, Niphal, perfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular - is given/was given", "*wattəhî*": "verb, Qal, imperfect, consecutive, 3rd person, feminine, singular - and it became/was", "*miśrāh*": "noun, feminine, singular, absolute - rule/dominion/government", "*šiḵmô*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3rd person, masculine, singular suffix - his shoulder", "*wayyiqrāʾ*": "verb, Qal, imperfect, consecutive, 3rd person, masculine, singular - and he called", "*šəmô*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3rd person, masculine, singular suffix - his name", "*peleʾ*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - wonder/miracle", "*yôʿēṣ*": "participle, Qal, masculine, singular - counselor", "*ʾēl*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - God/mighty one", "*gibbôr*": "adjective, masculine, singular, absolute - mighty/strong", "*ʾăḇîʿaḏ*": "compound noun - father of eternity/everlasting father", "*śar*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - prince of", "*šālôm*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - peace" }, "variants": { "*yeleḏ*": "child/boy/youth", "*miśrāh*": "rule/dominion/government/authority", "*peleʾ*": "wonder/miracle/extraordinary thing", "*yôʿēṣ*": "counselor/adviser", "*ʾēl*": "God/mighty one/deity", "*gibbôr*": "mighty/strong/warrior/hero", "*ʾăḇîʿaḏ*": "father of eternity/everlasting father", "*śar*": "prince/ruler/chief/official", "*šālôm*": "peace/completeness/welfare/safety" } }