Verse 53

{ "verseID": "Jeremiah.51.53", "source": "כִּֽי־תַעֲלֶ֤ה בָבֶל֙ הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְכִ֥י תְבַצֵּ֖ר מְר֣וֹם עֻזָּ֑הּ מֵאִתִּ֗י יָבֹ֧אוּ שֹׁדְדִ֛ים לָ֖הּ נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ ס", "text": "*kî*-*taʿăleh* *bāḇel* *haššāmayim* *wəḵî* *təḇaṣṣēr* *mərom* *ʿuzzāh* *mēʾittî* *yāḇōʾû* *šōdədîm* *lāh* *nəʾum*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - though/although/if", "*taʿăleh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - she ascends/goes up", "*bāḇel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*haššāmayim*": "definite article + masculine dual/plural noun - the heavens", "*wəḵî*": "conjunction + conjunction - and though/and if", "*təḇaṣṣēr*": "Piel imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - fortifies/strengthens", "*mərom*": "masculine singular construct - height/high place of", "*ʿuzzāh*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her strength", "*mēʾittî*": "preposition + preposition + 1st person singular suffix - from me", "*yāḇōʾû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they shall come", "*šōdədîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural - destroyers/plunderers", "*lāh*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - to/for her", "*nəʾum*": "construct state - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "divine name" }, "variants": { "*taʿăleh*": "ascends/goes up/climbs", "*təḇaṣṣēr*": "fortifies/makes inaccessible/strengthens", "*mərom*": "height/high place/elevation", "*ʿuzzāh*": "strength/might/power", "*šōdədîm*": "destroyers/plunderers/devastators" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Selv om Babylon stiger opp til himmelen og forsvarer sin høye festning, vil ødeleggerne komme mot henne fra meg, sier Herren.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Selv om Babylon skulle stige opp til himmelen, og selv om hun skulle befeste høyden av sin styrke, skal ødeleggere komme over henne fra meg, sier Herren.

• Norsk King James

  Selv om Babylon skulle stige opp til himmelen, og selv om hun skulle styrke høyden av sin styrke, så skal ødeleggerne komme mot henne, sier HERREN.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Selv om Babel ville stige opp til himmelen og gjøre sin styrke fast i høyden, så skal ødeleggere komme fra meg, sier Herren.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Om Babylon stiger opp til himmelen og forsterker sitt sterke høyde, skal ødeleggere komme over henne fra Herren.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Selv om Babylon skulle stige opp til himmelen, og selv om hun skulle befestis de høyeste høyder av sin styrke, likevel skal herfterne komme over henne fra meg, sier Herren.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Selv om Babylon skulle stige til himmelen og forsterke sin makt, skal plyndrerne likevel komme fra meg til henne, sier HERREN.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Selv om Babylon skulle stige opp til himmelen, og selv om hun skulle befestis de høyeste høyder av sin styrke, likevel skal herfterne komme over henne fra meg, sier Herren.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Selv om Babel skulle stige opp til himlene og bygge sin festning i det høye, skal ødeleggere komme fra meg, sier Herren.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Even if Babylon ascends to the heavens and fortifies her lofty stronghold, from Me destroyers will come against her, declares the Lord.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Selv om Babel stiger til himmelen og selv om hun gjør seg sterk i høyden, fra meg skal ødeleggerne komme til henne, sier Herren.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Fordi Babel vilde opstige i Himmelen, og fordi den vilde befæste sin Kraft i det Høie, skulle dens Ødelæggere komme fra mig, siger Herren.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Though Babylon should mount up to heaven, and though she should fortify the height of her strength, yet from me shall spoilers come unto her, saith the LORD.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Selv om Babylon skulle stige opp til himmelen, og om hun skulle befeste høyden av sin styrke, vil likevel herjere komme over henne fra meg, sier Herren.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  Though Babylon should ascend to heaven, and though she should fortify the height of her strength, yet from Me shall destroyers come to her, says the LORD.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Though Babylon should mount up to heaven, and though she should fortify the height of her strength, yet from me shall spoilers come unto her, saith the LORD.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Selv om Babylon stiger opp til himmelen, og om hun styrker høyden av sin styrke, skal likevel fra meg ødeleggere komme til henne, sier Herren.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Fordi Babylon stiger opp til himmelen, og fordi hun styrker sin høyde, fra meg kommer ødeleggerne til henne, sier Herren.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Selv om Babel stiger opp til himmelen, og selv om hun befester høyden av sin styrke, skal ødeleggere komme til henne fra meg, sier Herren.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Selv om Babylon ble løftet opp til himmelen, selv om hun hadde sine høye plasser av styrke innesluttet med murer, ville jeg likevel sende mot henne de som vil gjøre henne øde, sier Herren.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Though Babilon clymmed vp in to heaue, and kepte her power an hie: yet shal I sende her destroyers saieth the LORDE.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Though Babel should mount vp to heauen, and though shee should defend her strength on hye, yet from mee shall her destroyers come, sayth the Lord.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Though Babylon clymed vp into heauen, and kept her power on hye, yet shall I sende her destroyers saith the Lorde.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Though Babylon should mount up to heaven, and though she should fortify the height of her strength, [yet] from me shall spoilers come unto her, saith the LORD.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Though Babylon should mount up to the sky, and though she should fortify the height of her strength, yet from me shall destroyers come to her, says Yahweh.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  Because Babylon goeth up to the heavens, And because it fenceth the high place of its strength, From Me come into it do spoilers, An affirmation of Jehovah.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Though Babylon should mount up to heaven, and though she should fortify the height of her strength, yet from me shall destroyers come unto her, saith Jehovah.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Even if Babylon was lifted up to heaven, even if she had the high places of her strength shut in with walls, still I would send against her those who will make her waste, says the Lord.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Though Babylon should mount up to the sky, and though she should fortify the height of her strength, yet from me shall destroyers come to her, says Yahweh.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Even if Babylon climbs high into the sky and fortifies her elevated stronghold, I will send destroyers against her,” says the LORD.

Referenced Verses

• Jer 49:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.49.16", "source": "תִּֽפְלַצְתְּךָ֞ הִשִּׁ֤יא אֹתָךְ֙ זְד֣וֹן לִבֶּ֔ךָ שֹֽׁכְנִי֙ בְּחַגְוֵ֣י הַסֶּ֔לַע תֹּפְשִׂ֖י מְר֣וֹם גִּבְעָ֑ה כִּֽי־תַגְבִּ֤יהַ כַּנֶּ֙שֶׁר֙ קִנֶּ֔ךָ מִשָּׁ֥ם אֽוֹרִידְךָ֖ נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה", "text": "*Tiplatsəttka* *hissi* you *zadon* *libbeka*, *shokni* in *haggwei ha-sela*, *topsi* *marom* *giba*; for *tagbia* like the *nesher* your *qinneka*, from there *oridka* *neum*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*Tiplatsəttka*": "noun, feminine + 2nd person masculine singular possessive suffix - your terror/horror", "*hissi*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - has deceived/misled", "*zadon*": "noun, masculine singular construct - arrogance/pride of", "*libbeka*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular possessive suffix - your heart", "*shokni*": "participle, masculine plural construct - dwellers of/those dwelling in", "*haggwei*": "noun, masculine plural construct - clefts/refuges of", "*ha-sela*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the rock/cliff", "*topsi*": "participle, masculine plural construct - seizers/holders of", "*marom*": "noun, masculine singular construct - height/elevation of", "*giba*": "noun, feminine singular - hill", "*tagbia*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you make high", "*nesher*": "noun, masculine singular - eagle/vulture", "*qinneka*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular possessive suffix - your nest", "*oridka*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st person singular + 2nd person masculine singular object suffix - I will bring you down", "*neum*": "construct state - declaration/utterance of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD" }, "variants": { "*Tiplatsəttka*": "your terror/horror/dread", "*hissi*": "has deceived/misled/betrayed", "*zadon*": "pride/arrogance/insolence", "*shokni*": "dwellers/inhabitants/those residing", "*haggwei*": "clefts/crevices/hiding places", "*topsi*": "graspers/holders/occupiers", "*marom*": "height/high place/elevation", "*nesher*": "eagle/vulture/great bird of prey", "*neum*": "utterance/declaration/oracle" } }
• Gen 11:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Genesis.11.4", "source": "וַיֹּאמְר֞וּ הָ֣בָה ׀ נִבְנֶה־לָּ֣נוּ עִ֗יר וּמִגְדָּל֙ וְרֹאשׁ֣וֹ בַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְנַֽעֲשֶׂה־לָּ֖נוּ שֵׁ֑ם פֶּן־נָפ֖וּץ עַל־פְּנֵ֥י כָל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmᵊrû* *hābâ* *nibneh*-to-us *ʿîr* and-*migdāl* and-*rōʾšô* in-the-*šāmayim* and-*naʿăśeh*-to-us *šēm* lest-*nāpûṣ* upon-*pᵊnê* all-the-*ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmᵊrû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they said", "*hābâ*": "verb qal imperative - give/come", "*nibneh*": "verb qal imperfect 1st plural cohortative - let us build", "*ʿîr*": "noun feminine singular - city", "*migdāl*": "noun masculine singular - tower", "*rōʾšô*": "noun masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - its top/head", "*šāmayim*": "noun masculine plural - heavens/sky", "*naʿăśeh*": "verb qal imperfect 1st plural cohortative - let us make", "*šēm*": "noun masculine singular - name/reputation", "*nāpûṣ*": "verb qal imperfect 1st plural - we are scattered", "*pᵊnê*": "noun masculine plural construct - face/surface of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun feminine singular - earth/land" }, "variants": { "*wə-yōʾmᵊrû*": "and they said/spoke", "*hābâ*": "come!/give!/come now!", "*nibneh*": "let us build", "*ʿîr*": "city/town", "*migdāl*": "tower/fortress", "*rōʾšô*": "its top/head/summit", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*naʿăśeh*": "let us make/do/create", "*šēm*": "name/reputation/fame", "*nāpûṣ*": "we are scattered/dispersed/spread" } }
• Ps 139:8-9 : 8 { "verseID": "Psalms.139.8", "source": "אִם־אֶסַּ֣ק שָׁ֭מַיִם שָׁ֣ם אָ֑תָּה וְאַצִּ֖יעָה שְּׁא֣וֹל הִנֶּֽךָּ׃", "text": "If-*ʾessaq šāmayim* there *ʾāttâ*; and-*ʾaṣṣîʿâ šəʾôl hinnekā*", "grammar": { "*ʾessaq*": "verb, Qal imperfect 1st person singular - I ascend", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine dual - heavens/sky", "*ʾāttâ*": "independent personal pronoun, 2nd person masculine singular - you", "*ʾaṣṣîʿâ*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect 1st person singular cohortative - I make my bed", "*šəʾôl*": "noun, proper name - Sheol/underworld", "*hinnekā*": "demonstrative particle + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - behold you/there you are" }, "variants": { "*ʾessaq*": "ascend/go up/climb", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*ʾaṣṣîʿâ*": "make my bed/spread out my couch/lie down", "*šəʾôl*": "Sheol/grave/underworld/place of the dead", "*hinnekā*": "behold you/there you are/you are present" } } 9 { "verseID": "Psalms.139.9", "source": "אֶשָּׂ֥א כַנְפֵי־שָׁ֑חַר אֶ֝שְׁכְּנָ֗ה בְּאַחֲרִ֥ית יָֽם׃", "text": "*ʾeśśāʾ kanpê-šāḥar*, *ʾeškənâ* in-*ʾaḥărît yām*", "grammar": { "*ʾeśśāʾ*": "verb, Qal imperfect 1st person singular - I take/lift", "*kanpê-šāḥar*": "noun, feminine dual construct + noun - wings of dawn", "*ʾeškənâ*": "verb, Qal imperfect 1st person singular cohortative - I dwell", "*ʾaḥărît*": "noun, feminine singular construct - end/extremity of", "*yām*": "noun, masculine singular - sea" }, "variants": { "*ʾeśśāʾ*": "take/lift/carry", "*kanpê-šāḥar*": "wings of dawn/wings of morning", "*ʾeškənâ*": "dwell/settle/reside", "*ʾaḥărît*": "end/extremity/farthest part", "*yām*": "sea/ocean/west" } } 10 { "verseID": "Psalms.139.10", "source": "גַּם־שָׁ֭ם יָדְךָ֣ תַנְחֵ֑נִי וְֽתֹאחֲזֵ֥נִי יְמִינֶֽךָ׃", "text": "Even-there *yādəkā tanḥēnî* and-*tōʾaḥăzēnî yəmînekā*", "grammar": { "*yādəkā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your hand", "*tanḥēnî*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect 3rd person feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - it leads me", "*tōʾaḥăzēnî*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - it takes hold of me", "*yəmînekā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your right hand" }, "variants": { "*yādəkā*": "your hand", "*tanḥēnî*": "lead me/guide me/direct me", "*tōʾaḥăzēnî*": "take hold of me/grasp me/seize me", "*yəmînekā*": "your right hand/your right side" } }
• Jer 51:25 : 25 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.51.25", "source": "הִנְנִ֨י אֵלֶ֜יךָ הַ֤ר הַמַּשְׁחִית֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה הַמַּשְׁחִ֖ית אֶת־כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְנָטִ֨יתִי אֶת־יָדִ֜י עָלֶ֗יךָ וְגִלְגַּלְתִּ֙יךָ֙ מִן־הַסְּלָעִ֔ים וּנְתַתִּ֖יךָ לְהַ֥ר שְׂרֵפָֽה׃", "text": "*Hineni* to you, *har ha-mashchit*, *ne'um-YHWH*, *ha-mashchit 'et* all *ha-'arets*; and I shall *natah 'et-yadi* upon you, and I shall *gilgal* you from *ha-sela'im*, and I shall *natan* you to *har serefah*.", "grammar": { "*hineni*": "interjection + 1st person singular suffix - behold me/here I am", "*'eleyka*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to you", "*har*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mountain/hill", "*ha-mashchit*": "article + participle, Hiphil active, masculine singular - the destroyer", "*ne'um-YHWH*": "construct phrase + proper noun - declaration of YHWH", "*ha-mashchit*": "article + participle, Hiphil active, masculine singular - the destroyer", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*kol-ha-'arets*": "noun, masculine singular construct + article + noun, feminine singular - all the earth/land", "*we-natiti*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 1st person singular - and I will stretch out", "*'et-yadi*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my hand", "*'aleyka*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - upon you", "*we-gilgaltikha*": "conjunction + verb, Pilpel perfect, 1st person singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and I will roll you down", "*min-ha-sela'im*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine plural - from the rocks/cliffs", "*u-netattikha*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 1st person singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and I will make you", "*le-har*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - to a mountain of", "*serefah*": "noun, feminine singular - burning/combustion" }, "variants": { "*hineni*": "behold me/here I am/I am ready", "*har ha-mashchit*": "mountain of destruction/destroying mountain", "*mashchit*": "destroyer/destructor/one who causes ruin", "*natah yad*": "stretch out hand/extend power", "*gilgal*": "roll down/tumble/roll away", "*sela'im*": "rocks/cliffs/crags", "*har serefah*": "mountain of burning/burnt mountain/volcano" } }
• Jer 51:48 : 48 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.51.48", "source": "וְרִנְּנ֤וּ עַל־בָּבֶל֙ שָׁמַ֣יִם וָאָ֔רֶץ וְכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּהֶ֑ם כִּ֧י מִצָּפ֛וֹן יָבוֹא־לָ֥הּ הַשּׁוֹדְדִ֖ים נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה", "text": "And-*rinnənû* against-*Bābel* *šāmayim* and-*ʾāreṣ* and-all that in-them because from-*ṣāpôn* *yābôʾ*-to-her the-*šôdədîm* *nəʾum*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*rinnənû*": "verb, Piel perfect, 3rd plural - they will sing for joy", "*Bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine plural - heavens", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land", "*ṣāpôn*": "noun, masculine singular - north", "*yābôʾ*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd singular masculine - he will come", "*šôdədîm*": "participle, Qal masculine plural - destroyers", "*nəʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh" }, "variants": { "*rinnənû*": "they will sing for joy/they will shout/they will rejoice", "*ṣāpôn*": "north/northern region", "*šôdədîm*": "destroyers/devastators/plunderers" } }
• Jer 51:58 : 58 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.51.58", "source": "כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֗וֹת חֹ֠מוֹת בָּבֶ֤ל הָֽרְחָבָה֙ עַרְעֵ֣ר תִּתְעַרְעָ֔ר וּשְׁעָרֶ֥יהָ הַגְּבֹהִ֖ים בָּאֵ֣שׁ יִצַּ֑תּוּ וְיִֽגְע֨וּ עַמִּ֧ים בְּדֵי־רִ֛יק וּלְאֻמִּ֥ים בְּדֵי־אֵ֖שׁ וְיָעֵֽפוּ׃ ס", "text": "*kōh*-*ʾāmar* *YHWH* *ṣəḇāʾôt* *ḥōmôt* *bāḇel* *hārəḥāḇāh* *ʿarʿēr* *titʿarʿār* *ûšəʿārêhā* *haggəḇōhîm* *bāʾēš* *yiṣṣattû* *wəyîḡəʿû* *ʿammîm* *bədê*-*rîq* *ûləʾummîm* *bədê*-*ʾēš* *wəyāʿēpû*", "grammar": { "*kōh*": "adverb - thus", "*ʾāmar*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - says/has said", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ṣəḇāʾôt*": "feminine plural noun - hosts/armies", "*ḥōmôt*": "feminine plural construct - walls of", "*bāḇel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*hārəḥāḇāh*": "definite article + adjective feminine singular - the broad/wide", "*ʿarʿēr*": "infinitive absolute - utterly", "*titʿarʿār*": "Pilpel imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - will be laid bare/stripped", "*ûšəʿārêhā*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - and her gates", "*haggəḇōhîm*": "definite article + masculine plural adjective - the high/lofty", "*bāʾēš*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - with fire", "*yiṣṣattû*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - will be set on fire/burned", "*wəyîḡəʿû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they will toil/labor", "*ʿammîm*": "masculine plural noun - peoples", "*bədê*": "preposition + construct - for/in emptiness of", "*rîq*": "masculine singular noun - emptiness/vanity", "*ûləʾummîm*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun - and nations", "*bədê*": "preposition + construct - for/in", "*ʾēš*": "feminine singular noun - fire", "*wəyāʿēpû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they will be weary/exhausted" }, "variants": { "*hārəḥāḇāh*": "the broad/the wide/the thick", "*ʿarʿēr titʿarʿār*": "will be completely laid bare/will be utterly demolished", "*yiṣṣattû*": "will be set on fire/will be burned/will be kindled", "*yîḡəʿû*": "will toil/will labor/will strive", "*bədê*-*rîq*": "for emptiness/for nothing/in vain", "*bədê*-*ʾēš*": "for fire/just to be burned up", "*yāʿēpû*": "will be weary/will be exhausted/will faint" } }
• Ezek 31:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.31.9", "source": "יָפֶ֣ה עֲשִׂיתִ֔יו בְּרֹ֖ב דָּֽלִיּוֹתָ֑יו וַיְקַנְאֻ֙הוּ֙ כָּל־עֲצֵי־עֵ֔דֶן אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּגַ֥ן הָאֱלֹהִֽים", "text": "*yāp̄eh* *ʿăśîtîw* with *rōḇ* *dāliyyôtāyw* and *wayəqanʾuhû* all *ʿăṣê-ʿēden* which in *gan* the *ʾĕlōhîm*", "grammar": { "*yāp̄eh*": "adjective, masculine singular - beautiful/fair", "*ʿăśîtîw*": "qal perfect 1st common singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - I made him", "*rōḇ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - multitude/abundance of", "*dāliyyôtāyw*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his branches/boughs", "*wayəqanʾuhû*": "conjunction + piel imperfect 3rd common plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and they envied him", "*ʿăṣê-ʿēden*": "construct chain - trees of Eden", "*gan*": "noun, masculine singular construct - garden of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the God/gods" }, "variants": { "*yāp̄eh*": "beautiful/fair/handsome", "*ʿăśîtîw*": "I made him/I created him/I fashioned him", "*wayəqanʾuhû*": "and they envied him/and they were jealous of him", "*ʿăṣê-ʿēden*": "trees of Eden/trees of pleasure/trees of the garden of delight" } } 10 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.31.10", "source": "לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה יַ֕עַן אֲשֶׁ֥ר גָּבַ֖הְתָּ בְּקוֹמָ֑ה וַיִּתֵּ֤ן צַמַּרְתּוֹ֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ין עֲבוֹתִ֔ים וְרָ֥ם לְבָב֖וֹ בְּגָבְהֽוֹ", "text": "Therefore *kōh* *ʾāmar* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* because which *gāḇahtā* in *qômāh* and *wayyittēn* *ṣammartô* to between *ʿăḇôtîm* and *rām* *ləḇāḇô* in *ḡāḇəhô*", "grammar": { "*kōh*": "adverb - thus/so", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he said", "*ʾădōnāy*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st common singular suffix - my Lord", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*gāḇahtā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you were high/exalted", "*qômāh*": "noun, feminine singular - height/stature", "*wayyittēn*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he gave/placed", "*ṣammartô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his top/crown", "*ʿăḇôtîm*": "noun, masculine plural - leafy branches/thick clouds", "*rām*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - was high/exalted", "*ləḇāḇô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his heart", "*ḡāḇəhô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his height/exaltation" }, "variants": { "*ʾādōnāy*": "my Lord/Lord/sovereign", "*gāḇahtā*": "you were high/you were exalted/you were lofty", "*ṣammartô*": "his top/his crown/his highest point", "*ʿăḇôtîm*": "thick branches/leafy boughs/clouds/thickets", "*rām*": "was high/was lifted up/was exalted" } } 11 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.31.11", "source": "וְאֶ֨תְּנֵ֔הוּ בְּיַ֖ד אֵ֣יל גּוֹיִ֑ם עָשׂ֤וֹ יַֽעֲשֶׂה֙ ל֔וֹ כְּרִשְׁע֖וֹ גֵּרַשְׁתִּֽהוּ", "text": "And *wəʾettənēhû* in *yad* *ʾêl* *gôyim* *ʿāśô* *yaʿăśeh* to him according to *rišʿô* *gērašətîhû*", "grammar": { "*wəʾettənēhû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 1st common singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and I will give him", "*yad*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hand of", "*ʾêl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mighty one of/ruler of", "*gôyim*": "noun, masculine plural - nations/peoples", "*ʿāśô*": "qal infinitive absolute - doing/surely", "*yaʿăśeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will do", "*rišʿô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wickedness", "*gērašətîhû*": "piel perfect 1st common singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - I drove him out/expelled him" }, "variants": { "*ʾêl*": "mighty one/ruler/ram/powerful one", "*ʿāśô yaʿăśeh*": "he will surely do/he will certainly do/doing he will do", "*rišʿô*": "his wickedness/his evil/his wrongdoing" } }
• Dan 4:30 : 30 { "verseID": "Daniel.4.30", "source": "בַּהּ־שַׁעֲתָ֗א מִלְּתָא֮ סָ֣פַת עַל־נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר֒ וּמִן־אֲנָשָׁ֣א טְרִ֔יד וְעִשְׂבָּ֤א כְתוֹרִין֙ יֵאכֻ֔ל וּמִטַּ֥ל שְׁמַיָּ֖א גִּשְׁמֵ֣הּ יִצְטַבַּ֑ע עַ֣ד דִּ֥י שַׂעְרֵ֛הּ כְּנִשְׁרִ֥ין רְבָ֖ה וְטִפְר֥וֹהִי כְצִפְּרִֽין׃", "text": "In-that-*šaʿăṯāʾ* *millətāʾ sāp̄aṯ* upon-*nəḇûḵaḏnezzar* and-from-*ʾănāšāʾ ṭərîḏ* and-*ʿiśbāʾ* like-*ṯôrîn yēʾḵul* and-from-*ṭal šəmayyāʾ gišmēh yiṣṭabbaʿ* until that *śaʿrēh* like-*nišrîn rəḇāh* and-*ṭip̄rôhî* like-*ṣippərîn*", "grammar": { "*šaʿăṯāʾ*": "noun, feminine singular, definite - the hour/time", "*millətāʾ*": "noun, feminine singular, definite - the word/matter", "*sāp̄aṯ*": "verb, perfect, 3rd feminine singular - was fulfilled/completed", "*nəḇûḵaḏnezzar*": "proper noun - Nebuchadnezzar", "*ṭərîḏ*": "verb, passive participle, masculine singular - driven out/expelled", "*ʿiśbāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular, definite - grass/vegetation", "*ṯôrîn*": "noun, masculine plural - oxen/bulls", "*yēʾḵul*": "verb, imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he would eat", "*ṭal*": "noun, masculine singular construct - dew of", "*šəmayyāʾ*": "noun, masculine plural, definite - the heavens", "*gišmēh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his body", "*yiṣṭabbaʿ*": "verb, imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, passive - was wet/moistened", "*śaʿrēh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hair", "*nišrîn*": "noun, masculine plural - eagles", "*rəḇāh*": "verb, perfect, 3rd masculine singular - grew", "*ṭip̄rôhî*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his nails", "*ṣippərîn*": "noun, masculine plural - birds" }, "variants": { "*šaʿăṯāʾ*": "hour/time/moment", "*sāp̄aṯ*": "was fulfilled/completed/finished", "*ṭərîḏ*": "driven out/expelled/cast away", "*ʿiśbāʾ*": "grass/vegetation/herbs", "*ṭal*": "dew/moisture", "*gišmēh*": "his body/form/person", "*yiṣṭabbaʿ*": "was wet/was moistened/was soaked", "*śaʿrēh*": "his hair/locks", "*nišrîn*": "eagles/large birds of prey", "*rəḇāh*": "grew/increased", "*ṭip̄rôhî*": "his nails/claws", "*ṣippərîn*": "birds/fowls" } }
• Amos 9:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Amos.9.4", "source": "וְאִם־יֵלְכ֤וּ בַשְּׁבִי֙ לִפְנֵ֣י אֹֽיבֵיהֶ֔ם מִשָּׁ֛ם אֲצַוֶּ֥ה אֶת־הַחֶ֖רֶב וַהֲרָגָ֑תַם וְשַׂמְתִּ֨י עֵינִ֧י עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם לְרָעָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א לְטוֹבָֽה׃", "text": "*wəʾim*-*yēləkû* *baššəbî* *lipnê* *ʾōyəbêhem* *miššām* *ʾăṣawweh* ʾēt-*haḥereb* *wahărāgātam* *wəśamtî* *ʿênî* *ʿălêhem* *lərāʿāh* *wəlōʾ* *ləṭôbāh*", "grammar": { "*wəʾim*": "waw conjunction + conditional particle - and if", "*yēləkû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they go/walk", "*baššəbî*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - in the captivity", "*lipnê*": "preposition + plural construct - before/in front of", "*ʾōyəbêhem*": "Qal participle masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their enemies", "*miššām*": "preposition + adverb - from there", "*ʾăṣawweh*": "Piel imperfect 1st person singular - I will command", "*haḥereb*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the sword", "*wahărāgātam*": "waw conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and it will kill them", "*wəśamtî*": "waw conjunction + Qal perfect 1st person singular - and I will set", "*ʿênî*": "noun feminine singular construct + 1st person singular suffix - my eye", "*ʿălêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - upon them", "*lərāʿāh*": "preposition + noun feminine singular - for evil/harm", "*wəlōʾ*": "waw conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ləṭôbāh*": "preposition + noun feminine singular - for good" }, "variants": { "*yēləkû*": "they go/walk/proceed", "*baššəbî*": "in the captivity/exile", "*ʾōyəbêhem*": "their enemies/foes/adversaries", "*ʾăṣawweh*": "I will command/order", "*haḥereb*": "the sword/weapon", "*wahărāgātam*": "and it will kill/slay them", "*wəśamtî*": "and I will set/place/fix", "*ʿênî*": "my eye/attention/watch", "*lərāʿāh*": "for evil/harm/disaster", "*ləṭôbāh*": "for good/benefit/welfare" } }
• Obad 1:3-4 : 3 { "verseID": "Obadiah.1.3", "source": "זְד֤וֹן לִבְּךָ֙ הִשִּׁיאֶ֔ךָ שֹׁכְנִ֥י בְחַגְוֵי־סֶ֖לַע מְר֣וֹם שִׁבְתּ֑וֹ אֹמֵ֣ר בְּלִבּ֔וֹ מִ֥י יוֹרִדֵ֖נִי אָֽרֶץ", "text": "*zĕdôn* *libbĕkā* *hiššîʾekā* *šōkĕnî* in-*ḥagwê*-*selaʿ* *mĕrôm* *šibtô* *ʾōmēr* in-*libbô* who *yôrîdēnî* *ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*zĕdôn*": "noun, masculine singular - pride/arrogance", "*libbĕkā*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your heart", "*hiššîʾekā*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular with 2nd person masculine suffix - has deceived you", "*šōkĕnî*": "participle construct, masculine singular - one dwelling in", "*ḥagwê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - clefts/crevices of", "*selaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - rock/cliff", "*mĕrôm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - height of", "*šibtô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his dwelling", "*ʾōmēr*": "participle, masculine singular - saying", "*libbô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his heart", "*yôrîdēnî*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - will bring me down", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/ground/land" }, "variants": { "*zĕdôn*": "pride/arrogance/insolence/presumption", "*libbĕkā*": "your heart/mind/inner self", "*hiššîʾekā*": "has deceived you/misled you/deluded you", "*šōkĕnî*": "one dwelling in/inhabitant of", "*ḥagwê*": "clefts/crevices/fissures", "*selaʿ*": "rock/cliff/crag", "*mĕrôm*": "height/high place/elevation", "*šibtô*": "his dwelling/habitation/abode", "*ʾōmēr*": "saying/thinking/declaring", "*yôrîdēnî*": "will bring me down/cause me to descend", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/ground/land" } } 4 { "verseID": "Obadiah.1.4", "source": "אִם־תַּגְבִּ֣יהַּ כַּנֶּ֔שֶׁר וְאִם־בֵּ֥ין כּֽוֹכָבִ֖ים שִׂ֣ים קִנֶּ֑ךָ מִשָּׁ֥ם אוֹרִֽידְךָ֖ נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה", "text": "if-*tagbîah* like-the-*nešer* *wĕ*-if-between *kôkābîm* *śîm* *qinnekā* from-there *ʾôrîdĕkā* *nĕʾum*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*tagbîah*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you make high/soar", "*nešer*": "noun, masculine singular - eagle/vulture", "*wĕ*-": "conjunction - and", "*kôkābîm*": "noun, masculine plural - stars", "*śîm*": "qal infinitive construct - set/place", "*qinnekā*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your nest", "*ʾôrîdĕkā*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - I will bring you down", "*nĕʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "proper name - LORD/Yahweh" }, "variants": { "*tagbîah*": "you make high/soar/elevate yourself", "*nešer*": "eagle/vulture/large bird of prey", "*kôkābîm*": "stars/celestial bodies", "*śîm*": "set/place/put", "*qinnekā*": "your nest/your dwelling", "*ʾôrîdĕkā*": "I will bring you down/cause you to descend", "*nĕʾum*": "declaration/oracle/utterance" } }
• Isa 10:6-7 : 6 { "verseID": "Isaiah.10.6", "source": "בְּגוֹי חָנֵף אֲשַׁלְּחֶנּוּ וְעַל־עַם עֶבְרָתִי אֲצַוֶּנּוּ לִשְׁלֹל שָׁלָל וְלָבֹז בַּז וּלְשׂוּמוֹ מִרְמָס כְּחֹמֶר חוּצוֹת", "text": "*begôy* *ḥānēp̄* *ʾăšalleḥennû* *weʿal*-*ʿam* *ʿebrātî* *ʾăṣawwennû* *lišlōl* *šālāl* *welābōz* *baz* *ûleśûmô* *mirmās* *keḥōmer* *ḥûṣôt*", "grammar": { "*begôy*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - against nation", "*ḥānēp̄*": "adjective, masculine singular - godless/profane/impious", "*ʾăšalleḥennû*": "piel imperfect, 1st person singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - I will send him", "*weʿal*": "waw conjunction + preposition - and against", "*ʿam*": "noun, masculine singular - people", "*ʿebrātî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my wrath", "*ʾăṣawwennû*": "piel imperfect, 1st person singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - I will command him", "*lišlōl*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to plunder", "*šālāl*": "noun, masculine singular - plunder/spoil", "*welābōz*": "waw conjunction + preposition + qal infinitive construct - and to seize", "*baz*": "noun, masculine singular - spoil/booty", "*ûleśûmô*": "waw conjunction + preposition + qal infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and to make it", "*mirmās*": "noun, masculine singular - trampling place/trodden thing", "*keḥōmer*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - like clay/mire", "*ḥûṣôt*": "noun, feminine plural - streets/outside places" }, "variants": { "*ḥānēp̄*": "godless/profane/impious/hypocritical", "*ʿebrātî*": "my wrath/fury/rage/anger", "*šālāl*": "plunder/spoil/prey/booty", "*baz*": "spoil/booty/prey", "*mirmās*": "trampling place/thing trodden down", "*ḥōmer*": "clay/mire/mud", "*ḥûṣôt*": "streets/outside places/marketplaces" } } 7 { "verseID": "Isaiah.10.7", "source": "וְהוּא לֹא־כֵן יְדַמֶּה וּלְבָבוֹ לֹא־כֵן יַחְשֹׁב כִּי לְהַשְׁמִיד בִּלְבָבוֹ וּלְהַכְרִית גּוֹיִם לֹא מְעָט", "text": "*wehûʾ* *lōʾ*-*ḵēn* *yedammeh* *ûlebābô* *lōʾ*-*ḵēn* *yaḥšōb* *kî* *lehašmîd* *bilbābô* *ûlehaḵrît* *gôyim* *lōʾ* *meʿāṭ*", "grammar": { "*wehûʾ*": "waw conjunction + personal pronoun, 3rd person masculine singular - but he", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ḵēn*": "adverb - so/thus", "*yedammeh*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he thinks/intends", "*ûlebābô*": "waw conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his heart", "*yaḥšōb*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he thinks/plans", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*lehašmîd*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to destroy", "*bilbābô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his heart", "*ûlehaḵrît*": "waw conjunction + preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - and to cut off", "*gôyim*": "noun, masculine plural - nations", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*meʿāṭ*": "adjective, masculine singular - few/little" }, "variants": { "*yedammeh*": "he thinks/intends/imagines/plans", "*lebāb*": "heart/inner man/mind/will", "*yaḥšōb*": "he thinks/plans/devises/intends", "*lehašmîd*": "to destroy/exterminate/annihilate", "*lehaḵrît*": "to cut off/destroy/eliminate" } }
• Isa 13:2-5 : 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.2", "source": "עַ֤ל הַר־נִשְׁפֶּה֙ שְֽׂאוּ־נֵ֔ס הָרִ֥ימוּ ק֖וֹל לָהֶ֑ם הָנִ֣יפוּ יָ֔ד וְיָבֹ֖אוּ פִּתְחֵ֥י נְדִיבִֽים׃", "text": "Upon *har-nišpeh* *śəʾû*-*nēs* *hārîmû* *qôl* to-them *hānîp̄û* *yād* *wə*-*yāḇōʾû* *piṯḥê* *nəḏîḇîm*", "grammar": { "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/over", "*har-nišpeh*": "compound noun, masculine, singular - bare/high mountain", "*śəʾû*": "verb, Qal imperative, masculine plural - lift up/raise", "*nēs*": "noun, masculine, singular - banner/standard/signal", "*hārîmû*": "verb, Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - raise up/lift up", "*qôl*": "noun, masculine, singular - voice/sound", "*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*hānîp̄û*": "verb, Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - wave/beckon", "*yād*": "noun, feminine, singular - hand", "*wə-yāḇōʾû*": "conjunction + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they will come/enter", "*piṯḥê*": "noun, masculine, plural, construct - gates/entrances of", "*nəḏîḇîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - nobles/willing ones/princes" }, "variants": { "*har-nišpeh*": "bare mountain/high mountain/lookout mountain", "*nēs*": "banner/standard/signal flag", "*nəḏîḇîm*": "nobles/willing ones/princes/those of noble rank" } } 3 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.3", "source": "אֲנִ֥י צִוֵּ֖יתִי לִמְקֻדָּשָׁ֑י גַּ֣ם קָרָ֤אתִי גִבּוֹרַי֙ לְאַפִּ֔י עַלִּיזֵ֖י גַּאֲוָתִֽי׃", "text": "I *ṣiwwêṯî* to-*məquddāšāy* also *qārāʾṯî* *gibbôray* for-*ʾappî* *ʿallîzê* *gaʾăwāṯî*", "grammar": { "*ʾănî*": "pronoun, 1st person singular - I", "*ṣiwwêṯî*": "verb, Piel perfect, 1st singular - have commanded/ordered", "*liməquddāšāy*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural + 1st singular suffix - to my consecrated ones", "*gam*": "adverb - also/even", "*qārāʾṯî*": "verb, Qal perfect, 1st singular - I have called/summoned", "*gibbôray*": "noun, masculine plural + 1st singular suffix - my mighty ones/warriors", "*ləʾappî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - for my anger", "*ʿallîzê*": "adjective, masculine plural, construct - exulting ones of/rejoicing ones of", "*gaʾăwāṯî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st singular suffix - my majesty/pride" }, "variants": { "*məquddāšāy*": "my consecrated ones/my holy ones/those set apart for me", "*gibbôray*": "my mighty ones/my warriors/my heroes", "*ʾappî*": "my anger/my nostrils/my wrath", "*ʿallîzê*": "exulting ones/rejoicing ones/those who triumph", "*gaʾăwāṯî*": "my majesty/my pride/my exaltation" } } 4 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.4", "source": "ק֥וֹל הָמ֛וֹן בֶּֽהָרִ֖ים דְּמ֣וּת עַם־רָ֑ב ק֠וֹל שְׁא֞וֹן מַמְלְכ֤וֹת גּוֹיִם֙ נֶֽאֱסָפִ֔ים יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת מְפַקֵּ֖ד צְבָ֥א מִלְחָמָֽה׃", "text": "*Qôl* *hāmôn* in-the-*hārîm* *dəmûṯ* *ʿam*-*rāḇ* *qôl* *šəʾôn* *mamləḵôṯ* *gôyim* *neʾĕsāp̄îm* *YHWH* *ṣəḇāʾôṯ* *məp̄aqqēḏ* *ṣəḇā* *milḥāmāh*", "grammar": { "*qôl*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - sound of/voice of", "*hāmôn*": "noun, masculine, singular - multitude/tumult/crowd", "*behārîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural, + definite article - in the mountains", "*dəmûṯ*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct - likeness of/resemblance of", "*ʿam-rāḇ*": "noun, masculine, singular + adjective - many/great people", "*qôl*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - sound of/voice of", "*šəʾôn*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - roar of/tumult of", "*mamləḵôṯ*": "noun, feminine, plural, construct - kingdoms of", "*gôyim*": "noun, masculine, plural - nations/peoples", "*neʾĕsāp̄îm*": "verb, Niphal participle, masculine plural - being gathered/assembled", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ṣəḇāʾôṯ*": "noun, masculine, plural - hosts/armies", "*məp̄aqqēḏ*": "verb, Piel participle, masculine singular - mustering/numbering/commanding", "*ṣəḇā*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - army of", "*milḥāmāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - war/battle" }, "variants": { "*hāmôn*": "multitude/tumult/crowd/noise", "*dəmûṯ*": "likeness/resemblance/form/appearance", "*šəʾôn*": "roar/tumult/uproar", "*neʾĕsāp̄îm*": "being gathered/being assembled/coming together", "*məp̄aqqēḏ*": "mustering/numbering/commanding/appointing" } } 5 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.5", "source": "בָּאִ֛ים מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מֶרְחָ֖ק מִקְצֵ֣ה הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם יְהוָה֙ וּכְלֵ֣י זַעְמ֔וֹ לְחַבֵּ֖ל כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*Bāʾîm* from-*ʾereṣ* *merḥāq* from-*qəṣēh* the-*šāmāyim* *YHWH* *û*-*ḵəlê* *zaʿmô* *lə*-*ḥabbēl* all-the-*ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*bāʾîm*": "verb, Qal participle, masculine plural - coming/arriving", "*mēʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular, construct - from land of", "*merḥāq*": "noun, masculine, singular - distance/far place", "*miqṣēh*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular, construct - from end of", "*haššāmāyim*": "noun, masculine, plural + definite article - the heavens/sky", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ûḵəlê*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, plural, construct - and weapons/tools of", "*zaʿmô*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his indignation/wrath", "*ləḥabbēl*": "preposition + verb, Piel infinitive construct - to destroy/ruin", "*kol-hāʾāreṣ*": "noun, masculine, singular + noun, feminine, singular + definite article - all the earth/land" }, "variants": { "*merḥāq*": "distance/far place/remote region", "*ḵəlê*": "weapons/tools/instruments/vessels", "*zaʿmô*": "his indignation/his wrath/his fury", "*ləḥabbēl*": "to destroy/to ruin/to devastate" } }
• Isa 13:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.17", "source": "הִנְנִ֛י מֵעִ֥יר עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם אֶת־מָדָ֑י אֲשֶׁר־כֶּ֙סֶף֙ לֹ֣א יַחְשֹׁ֔בוּ וְזָהָ֖ב לֹ֥א יַחְפְּצוּ־בֽוֹ׃", "text": "Behold-me *mēʿîr* against-them *ʾeṯ*-*Māḏāy* who-*kesep̄* not *yaḥšōḇû* *wə*-*zāhāḇ* not *yaḥpəṣû*-in-it", "grammar": { "*hinənî*": "interjection + 1st singular pronoun - behold me", "*mēʿîr*": "verb, Hiphil participle, masculine singular - arousing/stirring up", "*ʿălêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - against them", "*ʾeṯ-māḏāy*": "direct object marker + proper noun - the Medes", "*ʾăšer-kesep̄*": "relative pronoun + noun, masculine, singular - who silver", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yaḥšōḇû*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they regard/esteem", "*wəzāhāḇ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular - and gold", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yaḥpəṣû-ḇô*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - they delight in it" }, "variants": { "*mēʿîr*": "arousing/stirring up/awakening", "*yaḥšōḇû*": "they regard/esteem/value/consider", "*yaḥpəṣû*": "they delight in/desire/take pleasure in" } }
• Isa 14:12-15 : 12 { "verseID": "Isaiah.14.12", "source": "אֵ֛יךְ נָפַ֥לְתָּ מִשָּׁמַ֖יִם הֵילֵ֣ל בֶּן־שָׁ֑חַר נִגְדַּ֣עְתָּ לָאָ֔רֶץ חוֹלֵ֖שׁ עַל־גּוֹיִֽם׃", "text": "*ʾêḵ* *nāp̄altā* from-*šāmayim*, *hêlēl* *ben*-*šāḥar*! *niḡdaʿtā* to-the-*ʾāreṣ*, *ḥôlēš* upon-*gôyim*.", "grammar": { "*ʾêḵ*": "interrogative adverb - how", "*nāp̄altā*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have fallen", "*šāmayim*": "masculine dual noun - heavens", "*hêlēl*": "masculine singular noun - shining one/morning star", "*ben*": "masculine singular construct - son of", "*šāḥar*": "masculine singular noun - dawn/morning", "*niḡdaʿtā*": "niphal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you are cut down", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with directional he - to the earth/land", "*ḥôlēš*": "qal active participle, masculine singular - weakening/laying prostrate", "*gôyim*": "masculine plural noun - nations" }, "variants": { "*nāp̄altā*": "have fallen/have descended/have been cast down", "*hêlēl*": "shining one/morning star/Lucifer/day star", "*šāḥar*": "dawn/morning/daybreak", "*niḡdaʿtā*": "are cut down/are hewn down/are broken off", "*ḥôlēš*": "weakening/casting down/prostrating/overthrowing" } } 13 { "verseID": "Isaiah.14.13", "source": "וְאַתָּ֞ה אָמַ֤רְתָּ בִֽלְבָבְךָ֙ הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם אֶֽעֱלֶ֔ה מִמַּ֥עַל לְכֽוֹכְבֵי־אֵ֖ל אָרִ֣ים כִּסְאִ֑י וְאֵשֵׁ֥ב בְּהַר־מוֹעֵ֖ד בְּיַרְכְּתֵ֥י צָפֽוֹן׃", "text": "And-you *ʾāmartā* in-*lǝḇāḇǝḵā*: The-*šāmayim* *ʾeʿĕleh*, above *kôḵǝḇê*-*ʾēl* *ʾārîm* *kisʾî*; and-*ʾēšēḇ* in-*har*-*môʿēd* in-*yarḵǝtê* *ṣāp̄ôn*.", "grammar": { "*ʾāmartā*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have said", "*lǝḇāḇǝḵā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your heart", "*šāmayim*": "masculine dual noun with definite article - the heavens", "*ʾeʿĕleh*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will ascend", "*kôḵǝḇê*": "masculine plural construct - stars of", "*ʾēl*": "masculine singular noun - God/deity", "*ʾārîm*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st singular - I will raise", "*kisʾî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my throne", "*ʾēšēḇ*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will sit/dwell", "*har*": "masculine singular construct - mountain of", "*môʿēd*": "masculine singular noun - assembly/meeting", "*yarḵǝtê*": "feminine plural construct - remote parts/recesses of", "*ṣāp̄ôn*": "masculine singular noun - north/northern" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmartā*": "have said/have thought/have spoken", "*lǝḇāḇǝḵā*": "your heart/your mind/your inner self", "*ʾeʿĕleh*": "I will ascend/I will go up/I will climb", "*kôḵǝḇê*": "stars of", "*ʾēl*": "God/deity/mighty one", "*ʾārîm*": "I will raise/I will lift up/I will exalt", "*ʾēšēḇ*": "I will sit/I will dwell/I will be enthroned", "*har*-*môʿēd*": "mountain of assembly/mount of meeting/mount of congregation", "*yarḵǝtê*": "remote parts/recesses/furthest parts", "*ṣāp̄ôn*": "north/northern/north side" } } 14 { "verseID": "Isaiah.14.14", "source": "אֶעֱלֶ֖ה עַל־בָּ֣מֳתֵי עָ֑ב אֶדַּמֶּ֖ה לְעֶלְיֽוֹן׃", "text": "*ʾeʿĕleh* upon-*bāmŏtê* *ʿāḇ*; *ʾeddammeh* to-*ʿelyôn*.", "grammar": { "*ʾeʿĕleh*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will ascend", "*bāmŏtê*": "feminine plural construct - heights of", "*ʿāḇ*": "masculine singular noun - cloud/thick cloud", "*ʾeddammeh*": "hithpael imperfect, 1st singular - I will make myself like", "*ʿelyôn*": "adjective/divine title - Most High" }, "variants": { "*ʾeʿĕleh*": "I will ascend/I will go up/I will climb", "*bāmŏtê*": "heights/high places/backs", "*ʿāḇ*": "cloud/thick cloud/dark cloud", "*ʾeddammeh*": "I will make myself like/I will compare myself to/I will resemble", "*ʿelyôn*": "Most High/Highest One/Supreme" } } 15 { "verseID": "Isaiah.14.15", "source": "אַ֧ךְ אֶל־שְׁא֛וֹל תּוּרָ֖ד אֶל־יַרְכְּתֵי־בֽוֹר׃", "text": "Yet to-*šǝʾôl* *tûrād* to-*yarḵǝtê*-*ḇôr*.", "grammar": { "*šǝʾôl*": "proper noun - Sheol/underworld", "*tûrād*": "hophal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you will be brought down", "*yarḵǝtê*": "feminine plural construct - remote parts/recesses of", "*ḇôr*": "masculine singular noun - pit/cistern" }, "variants": { "*šǝʾôl*": "Sheol/underworld/grave/realm of the dead", "*tûrād*": "you will be brought down/you will be thrust down/you will be lowered", "*yarḵǝtê*": "remote parts/recesses/furthest parts", "*ḇôr*": "pit/cistern/dungeon" } }
• Isa 41:25 : 25 { "verseID": "Isaiah.41.25", "source": "הַעִיר֤וֹתִי מִצָּפוֹן֙ וַיַּ֔את מִמִּזְרַח־שֶׁ֖מֶשׁ יִקְרָ֣א בִשְׁמִ֑י וְיָבֹ֤א סְגָנִים֙ כְּמוֹ־חֹ֔מֶר וּכְמ֥וֹ יוֹצֵ֖ר יִרְמָס־טִֽיט׃", "text": "*haʿîrôtî miṣṣāpôn wayyaʾt mi-mizraḥ-šemeš yiqrāʾ ḇišmî wəyāḇōʾ səḡānîm kəmô-ḥōmer ûḵəmô yôṣēr yirmās-ṭîṭ*", "grammar": { "*haʿîrôtî*": "verb, hiphil perfect 1st person common singular - I have aroused/stirred up", "*miṣṣāpôn*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from the north", "*wayyaʾt*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular (with waw consecutive) - and he came", "*mi-mizraḥ-šemeš*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + noun - from the east/sunrising", "*yiqrāʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he calls", "*ḇišmî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 1st person common singular suffix - on my name", "*wəyāḇōʾ*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he will come", "*səḡānîm*": "noun, masculine plural - rulers/officials", "*kəmô-ḥōmer*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - like clay/mortar", "*ûḵəmô*": "conjunction + preposition - and like", "*yôṣēr*": "verb, qal participle masculine singular - potter/one forming", "*yirmās-ṭîṭ*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + noun, masculine singular - treads clay/mud" }, "variants": { "*haʿîrôtî*": "I have aroused/stirred up/awakened", "*miṣṣāpôn*": "from the north/northern region", "*wayyaʾt*": "and he came/has come/will come", "*mizraḥ-šemeš*": "east/sunrising/sunrise", "*yiqrāʾ ḇišmî*": "calls on my name/proclaims my name/invokes my name", "*səḡānîm*": "rulers/officials/governors/princes", "*kəmô-ḥōmer*": "like clay/mortar/mud", "*yôṣēr*": "potter/craftsman/one who forms", "*yirmās-ṭîṭ*": "treads clay/mud/tramples mortar" } }
• Isa 45:1-5 : 1 { "verseID": "Isaiah.45.1", "source": "כֹּה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָה֮ לִמְשִׁיחוֹ֮ לְכ֣וֹרֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־הֶחֱזַ֣קְתִּי בִֽימִינ֗וֹ לְרַד־לְפָנָיו֙ גּוֹיִ֔ם וּמָתְנֵ֥י מְלָכִ֖ים אֲפַתֵּ֑חַ לִפְתֹּ֤חַ לְפָנָיו֙ דְּלָתַ֔יִם וּשְׁעָרִ֖ים לֹ֥א יִסָּגֵֽרוּ", "text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH* to-*māšîḥô* to-*kôreš* whom-*heḥĕzaqtî* in-*yĕmînô* to-*rad* before-him *gôyim* and-*mātĕnê* *mĕlākîm* *ʾăpattēaḥ* to-*pĕtōaḥ* before-him *dĕlātayim* and-*šĕʿārîm* not *yissāgērû*", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he said/spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*māšîḥô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person suffix - his anointed one", "*kôreš*": "proper noun - Cyrus", "*heḥĕzaqtî*": "hiphil perfect, 1st person singular - I strengthened/grasped", "*yĕmînô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person suffix - his right hand", "*rad*": "infinitive construct - to subdue", "*gôyim*": "masculine plural noun - nations/gentiles", "*mātĕnê*": "construct plural of *moten* - loins of", "*mĕlākîm*": "masculine plural noun - kings", "*ʾăpattēaḥ*": "piel imperfect, 1st person singular - I will loosen/open", "*pĕtōaḥ*": "qal infinitive construct - to open", "*dĕlātayim*": "feminine dual noun - doors/gates", "*šĕʿārîm*": "masculine plural noun - gates", "*yissāgērû*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will be shut" }, "variants": { "*māšîḥô*": "his anointed one/his messiah", "*heḥĕzaqtî*": "I strengthened/I grasped/I took hold of", "*rad*": "to subdue/to rule over/to have dominion", "*mātĕnê*": "loins/waist/strength", "*ʾăpattēaḥ*": "I will loosen/I will open/I will ungird" } } 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.45.2", "source": "אֲנִי֙ לְפָנֶ֣יךָ אֵלֵ֔ךְ וַהֲדוּרִ֖ים *אושר **אֲיַשֵּׁ֑ר דַּלְת֤וֹת נְחוּשָׁה֙ אֲשַׁבֵּ֔ר וּבְרִיחֵ֥י בַרְזֶ֖ל אֲגַדֵּֽעַ", "text": "*ʾănî* before-you *ʾēlēk* and-*hădûrîm* *ʾăyaššēr* *daltôt* *nĕḥûšâ* *ʾăšabbēr* and-*bĕrîḥê* *barzel* *ʾăgaddēaʿ*", "grammar": { "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*ʾēlēk*": "qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will go", "*hădûrîm*": "masculine plural adjective/noun - swellings/mountains/crooked places", "*ʾăyaššēr*": "piel imperfect, 1st person singular - I will make straight/level", "*daltôt*": "feminine plural construct - doors of", "*nĕḥûšâ*": "feminine singular noun - bronze/copper", "*ʾăšabbēr*": "piel imperfect, 1st person singular - I will break/shatter", "*bĕrîḥê*": "masculine plural construct - bars of", "*barzel*": "masculine singular noun - iron", "*ʾăgaddēaʿ*": "piel imperfect, 1st person singular - I will cut down/chop off" }, "variants": { "*hădûrîm*": "swellings/mountains/crooked places/difficult terrain", "*ʾăyaššēr*": "I will make straight/I will level/I will make smooth", "*ʾăšabbēr*": "I will break/I will shatter/I will break in pieces", "*ʾăgaddēaʿ*": "I will cut down/I will chop off/I will cut in pieces" } } 3 { "verseID": "Isaiah.45.3", "source": "וְנָתַתִּ֤י לְךָ֙ אוֹצְר֣וֹת חֹ֔שֶׁךְ וּמַטְמֻנֵ֖י מִסְתָּרִ֑ים לְמַ֣עַן תֵּדַ֗ע כִּֽי־אֲנִ֧י יְהוָ֛ה הַקּוֹרֵ֥א בְשִׁמְךָ֖ אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל", "text": "And-*nātattî* to-you *ʾôṣĕrôt* *ḥōšek* and-*maṭmunê* *mistārîm* for-*maʿan* *tēdaʿ* that-*ʾănî* *YHWH* the-*qôrēʾ* in-your-name *ʾĕlōhê* *yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*nātattî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I gave/I will give", "*ʾôṣĕrôt*": "masculine plural construct - treasures of", "*ḥōšek*": "masculine singular noun - darkness", "*maṭmunê*": "masculine plural construct - hidden treasures of", "*mistārîm*": "masculine plural noun - secret places/hiding places", "*maʿan*": "conjunction - so that/in order that", "*tēdaʿ*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you will know", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*qôrēʾ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - calling/who calls", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "masculine plural construct - God of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*ʾôṣĕrôt*": "treasures/storehouses/hoards", "*maṭmunê*": "hidden treasures/hidden things/things stored up", "*mistārîm*": "secret places/hiding places/concealed areas", "*qôrēʾ*": "calling/who calls/who summons" } } 4 { "verseID": "Isaiah.45.4", "source": "לְמַ֙עַן֙ עַבְדִּ֣י יַעֲקֹ֔ב וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּחִירִ֑י וָאֶקְרָ֤א לְךָ֙ בִּשְׁמֶ֔ךָ אֲכַנְּךָ֖ וְלֹ֥א יְדַעְתָּֽנִי", "text": "For-*maʿan* my-servant *yaʿăqōb* and-*yiśrāʾēl* my-*bĕḥîrî* and-*ʾeqrāʾ* to-you in-your-name *ʾăkannĕkā* and-not *yĕdaʿtānî*", "grammar": { "*maʿan*": "conjunction - for the sake of/because of", "*yaʿăqōb*": "proper noun - Jacob", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*bĕḥîrî*": "masculine singular adjective with 1st person suffix - my chosen one", "*ʾeqrāʾ*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 1st person singular - I called", "*ʾăkannĕkā*": "piel imperfect, 1st person singular with 2nd person suffix - I will name you/I will give you a title", "*yĕdaʿtānî*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular with 1st person suffix - you knew me" }, "variants": { "*bĕḥîrî*": "my chosen one/my elect/my selected one", "*ʾeqrāʾ*": "I called/I summoned/I named", "*ʾăkannĕkā*": "I will name you/I will give you a title/I will surname you", "*yĕdaʿtānî*": "you knew me/you recognized me/you acknowledged me" } } 5 { "verseID": "Isaiah.45.5", "source": "אֲנִ֤י יְהוָה֙ וְאֵ֣ין ע֔וֹד זוּלָתִ֖י אֵ֣ין אֱלֹהִ֑ים אֲאַזֶּרְךָ֖ וְלֹ֥א יְדַעְתָּֽנִי", "text": "*ʾănî* *YHWH* and-*ʾên* *ʿôd* *zûlātî* *ʾên* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăʾazzerkā* and-not *yĕdaʿtānî*", "grammar": { "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not/there is no", "*ʿôd*": "adverb - still/yet/besides", "*zûlātî*": "preposition with 1st person suffix - besides me/except me", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - God/gods", "*ʾăʾazzerkā*": "piel imperfect, 1st person singular with 2nd person suffix - I will gird you/I will strengthen you", "*yĕdaʿtānî*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular with 1st person suffix - you knew me" }, "variants": { "*ʾên*": "there is not/there is no/none", "*ʿôd*": "still/yet/besides/in addition", "*zûlātî*": "besides me/except me/other than me", "*ʾăʾazzerkā*": "I will gird you/I will strengthen you/I will equip you", "*yĕdaʿtānî*": "you knew me/you recognized me/you acknowledged me" } }
• Isa 47:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Isaiah.47.5", "source": "שְׁבִ֥י דוּמָ֛ם וּבֹ֥אִי בַחֹ֖שֶׁךְ בַּת־כַּשְׂדִּ֑ים כִּ֣י לֹ֤א תוֹסִ֙יפִי֙ יִקְרְאוּ־לָ֔ךְ גְּבֶ֖רֶת מַמְלָכֽוֹת׃", "text": "*šəḇî* *ḏūmām* and-*ḇōʾî* in-the-*ḥōšeḵ* *baṯ-kaśdîm* for not *ṯôsîp̄î* *yiqrəʾū*-to-you *gəḇereṯ* *mamlāḵôṯ*.", "grammar": { "*šəḇî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - sit", "*ḏūmām*": "masculine singular noun/adverb - silently/in silence", "*ḇōʾî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - enter/come", "*ḥōšeḵ*": "masculine singular noun - darkness", "*baṯ-kaśdîm*": "construct chain - daughter of Chaldeans", "*ṯôsîp̄î*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you will add/continue", "*yiqrəʾū*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person plural - they will call", "*gəḇereṯ*": "feminine singular construct - mistress of/lady of", "*mamlāḵôṯ*": "feminine plural - kingdoms" }, "variants": { "*ḏūmām*": "silently/in silence/still", "*ḥōšeḵ*": "darkness/obscurity", "*baṯ-kaśdîm*": "daughter of Chaldeans/virgin of Chaldea", "*gəḇereṯ*": "mistress/lady/queen" } }
• Isa 47:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Isaiah.47.7", "source": "וַתֹּ֣אמְרִ֔י לְעוֹלָ֖ם אֶהְיֶ֣ה גְבָ֑רֶת עַ֣ד לֹא־שַׂ֥מְתְּ אֵ֙לֶּה֙ עַל־לִבֵּ֔ךְ לֹ֥א זָכַ֖רְתְּ אַחֲרִיתָֽהּ׃ ס", "text": "And-*wattōʾmərî* to-*ʿôlām* *ʾehyeh* *ḡəḇāreṯ* until not-*śamt* *ʾēlleh* upon-*libbēḵ* not *zāḵart* *ʾaḥărîṯāh*.", "grammar": { "*wattōʾmərî*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 2nd person feminine singular - and you said", "*ʿôlām*": "masculine singular noun - forever/eternity", "*ʾehyeh*": "qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will be", "*ḡəḇāreṯ*": "feminine singular noun - mistress/lady", "*śamt*": "qal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you placed/set", "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun, plural - these things", "*libbēḵ*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your heart", "*zāḵart*": "qal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you remembered", "*ʾaḥărîṯāh*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its end/outcome" }, "variants": { "*ʿôlām*": "forever/eternity/perpetuity", "*ḡəḇāreṯ*": "mistress/lady/queen", "*libbēḵ*": "your heart/your mind", "*ʾaḥărîṯāh*": "its end/its outcome/its future" } }
• Jer 50:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.9", "source": "כִּ֣י הִנֵּ֣ה אָנֹכִ֡י מֵעִיר֩ וּמַעֲלֶ֨ה עַל־בָּבֶ֜ל קְהַל־גּוֹיִ֤ם גְּדֹלִים֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ צָפ֔וֹן וְעָ֣רְכוּ לָ֔הּ מִשָּׁ֖ם תִּלָּכֵ֑ד חִצָּיו֙ כְּגִבּ֣וֹר מַשְׁכִּ֔יל לֹ֥א יָשׁ֖וּב רֵיקָֽם׃", "text": "For *hinnê* *ʾānōkî* *mēʿîr* and-*maʿălê* against-*Bābel* *qĕhal*-*gôyim* *gĕdōlîm* from-*ʾereṣ* *ṣāpôn* and-*ʿārĕkû* to-her from-there *tillākēd* *ḥiṣṣāyw* like-*gibbôr* *maśkîl* not *yāšûb* *rêqām*.", "grammar": { "*hinnê*": "demonstrative particle - behold/see", "*ʾānōkî*": "1st singular independent pronoun - I", "*mēʿîr*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - arousing/stirring up", "*maʿălê*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - bringing up/causing to go up", "*qĕhal*": "noun, masculine singular construct - assembly of/congregation of", "*gôyim*": "noun, masculine plural - nations", "*gĕdōlîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - great/large", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*ṣāpôn*": "noun, masculine singular - north", "*ʿārĕkû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they will arrange/set in order", "*tillākēd*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will be captured", "*ḥiṣṣāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his arrows", "*gibbôr*": "noun, masculine singular - mighty man/warrior", "*maśkîl*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - acting wisely/skillful", "*yāšûb*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will return", "*rêqām*": "adverb - empty/without effect" }, "variants": { "*mēʿîr*": "arousing/stirring up/awakening", "*maʿălê*": "bringing up/causing to go up", "*ʿārĕkû*": "they will arrange/set in order/prepare [for battle]", "*gibbôr* *maśkîl*": "skilled warrior/expert fighter", "*rêqām*": "empty/without effect/in vain" } } 10 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.10", "source": "וְהָיְתָ֥ה כַשְׂדִּ֖ים לְשָׁלָ֑ל כָּל־שֹׁלְלֶ֥יהָ יִשְׂבָּ֖עוּ נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "And-*hāyĕtâ* *Kaśdîm* for-*šālāl* all-*šōlĕlêhā* *yiśbāʿû* *nĕʾum*-*YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*hāyĕtâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will be", "*Kaśdîm*": "proper noun, plural - Chaldea/Chaldeans", "*šālāl*": "noun, masculine singular - plunder/spoil", "*šōlĕlêhā*": "qal participle, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - those plundering her", "*yiśbāʿû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will be satisfied", "*nĕʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh" }, "variants": { "*šālāl*": "plunder/spoil/booty", "*šōlĕlêhā*": "those plundering/spoiling/despoiling her", "*yiśbāʿû*": "they will be satisfied/have enough/be filled" } }
• Jer 50:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.21", "source": "עַל־הָאָ֤רֶץ מְרָתַ֙יִם֙ עֲלֵ֣ה עָלֶ֔יהָ וְאֶל־יוֹשְׁבֵ֖י פְּק֑וֹד חֲרֹ֨ב וְהַחֲרֵ֤ם אַֽחֲרֵיהֶם֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וַעֲשֵׂ֕ה כְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוִּיתִֽיךָ׃ ס", "text": "Against the *ʾarets* *məratayim* *ʿaleh* against her and against *yoshvey* *pəqod* *ḥarov* and *haḥarem* after them *nəʾum*-*YHWH* and *ʿaseh* according to all which *tsivviticha*.", "grammar": { "*ʾarets*": "noun, feminine singular + definite article - the land", "*məratayim*": "proper noun/place name - Merathaim", "*ʿaleh*": "imperative, masculine singular - go up", "*yoshvey*": "participle, masculine plural construct - inhabitants of", "*pəqod*": "proper noun/place name - Pekod", "*ḥarov*": "imperative, masculine singular - destroy/slay", "*haḥarem*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine singular - utterly destroy/devote to destruction", "*nəʾum*": "construct noun - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʿaseh*": "imperative, masculine singular - do", "*tsivviticha*": "Piel perfect, 1st person singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - I have commanded you" }, "variants": { "*ʾarets*": "land/earth/territory", "*məratayim*": "Double Rebellion/Double Bitterness (symbolic name for Babylon)", "*ʿaleh*": "go up/ascend/attack", "*pəqod*": "Visitation/Punishment (symbolic name for Babylonian region)", "*ḥarov*": "destroy/slay/waste", "*haḥarem*": "utterly destroy/ban/devote to destruction", "*ʿaseh*": "do/perform/accomplish" } }
• Jer 50:25 : 25 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.25", "source": "פָּתַ֤ח יְהוָה֙ אֶת־א֣וֹצָר֔וֹ וַיּוֹצֵ֖א אֶת־כְּלֵ֣י זַעְמ֑וֹ כִּי־מְלָאכָ֣ה הִ֗יא לַֽאדֹנָ֧י יְהוִ֛ה צְבָא֖וֹת בְּאֶ֥רֶץ כַּשְׂדִּֽים׃", "text": "*pataḥ* *YHWH* *ʾet*-*ʾotsaro* and *yotseʾ* *ʾet*-*kəley* *zaʿmo* for *məlaʾkhah* she for *ʾadonay* *YHWH* *tsevaʾot* in *ʾerets* *kasdim*.", "grammar": { "*pataḥ*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has opened", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾotsaro*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his storehouse/treasury", "*yotseʾ*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he brought out", "*kəley*": "noun, masculine plural construct - instruments/weapons of", "*zaʿmo*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his indignation", "*məlaʾkhah*": "noun, feminine singular - work/task", "*ʾadonay*": "divine title - Lord/Master", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*tsevaʾot*": "noun, feminine plural - of hosts/armies", "*ʾerets*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*kasdim*": "proper noun - Chaldeans" }, "variants": { "*pataḥ*": "opened/unlocked/released", "*ʾotsaro*": "his storehouse/treasury/armory", "*yotseʾ*": "brought out/produced/brought forth", "*kəley*": "instruments/weapons/implements", "*zaʿmo*": "his indignation/wrath/anger", "*məlaʾkhah*": "work/task/business/deed", "*kasdim*": "Chaldeans (people of Babylonia)" } }
• Jer 50:31-34 : 31 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.31", "source": "הִנְנִ֤י אֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ זָד֔וֹן נְאֻם־אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִ֖ה צְבָא֑וֹת כִּ֛י בָּ֥א יוֹמְךָ֖ עֵ֥ת פְּקַדְתִּֽיךָ׃", "text": "Behold I against you *zadon* *nəʾum*-*ʾadonay* *YHWH* *tsevaʾot* for *baʾ* *yomkha* *ʿet* *pəqadticha*.", "grammar": { "*hinni*": "interjection + 1st person singular suffix - behold I", "*ʾeleycha*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - against you", "*zadon*": "adjective, masculine singular - proud/insolent one", "*nəʾum*": "construct noun - declaration of", "*ʾadonay*": "divine title - Lord/Master", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*tsevaʾot*": "noun, feminine plural - of hosts/armies", "*baʾ*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has come", "*yomkha*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your day", "*ʿet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - time of", "*pəqadticha*": "infinitive construct + 1st person singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - my punishment of you" }, "variants": { "*zadon*": "proud one/insolent one/presumptuous one", "*nəʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle", "*baʾ*": "has come/arrived/reached", "*pəqadticha*": "my punishment of you/my visitation upon you" } } 32 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.32", "source": "וְכָשַׁ֤ל זָדוֹן֙ וְנָפַ֔ל וְאֵ֥ין ל֖וֹ מֵקִ֑ים וְהִצַּ֤תִּי אֵשׁ֙ בְּעָרָ֔יו וְאָכְלָ֖ה כָּל־סְבִיבֹתָֽיו׃ ס", "text": "And *kāšal* *zādôn* and *nāpal*, and *ʾên* to-him *mēqîm*; and *hiṣṣattî* *ʾēš* in-*ʿārāyw*, and *ʾāklâ* all-*sĕbîbōtāyw*.", "grammar": { "*kāšal*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - stumble/stagger", "*zādôn*": "masculine singular noun - pride/presumption/arrogance", "*nāpal*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - fall/be cast down", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*lô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*mēqîm*": "Hiphil participle, masculine singular - one who raises up/helper", "*hiṣṣattî*": "Hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I will kindle/set on fire", "*ʾēš*": "feminine singular noun - fire", "*ʿārāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his cities", "*ʾāklâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - it will consume/devour", "*kāl*": "construct noun - all of", "*sĕbîbōtāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his surroundings/environs" }, "variants": { "*kāšal*": "stumble/stagger/totter/fall", "*zādôn*": "pride/arrogance/insolence/presumption", "*nāpal*": "fall/be cast down/fail", "*mēqîm*": "one who raises up/helper/supporter", "*hiṣṣattî*": "I will kindle/set ablaze/ignite", "*ʾāklâ*": "consume/devour/eat up" } } 33 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.33", "source": "כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת עֲשׁוּקִ֛ים בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל וּבְנֵי־יְהוּדָ֖ה יַחְדָּ֑ו וְכָל־שֹֽׁבֵיהֶם֙ הֶחֱזִ֣יקוּ בָ֔ם מֵאֲנ֖וּ שַׁלְּחָֽם׃", "text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH* *ṣĕbāʾôt*, *ʿăšûqîm* sons-of-*yiśrāʾēl* and-sons-of-*yĕhûdâ* *yaḥdāw*; and-all-*šōbêhem* *heḥĕzîqû* in-them, *mēʾănû* *šallĕḥām*.", "grammar": { "*kōh*": "adverb - thus/so", "*ʾāmar*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - says/said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - personal name of God", "*ṣĕbāʾôt*": "feminine plural noun, construct state - of hosts/armies", "*ʿăšûqîm*": "Qal passive participle, masculine plural - oppressed/exploited ones", "*bĕnê*": "masculine plural noun, construct - sons of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*bĕnê*": "masculine plural noun, construct - sons of", "*yĕhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together/at the same time", "*kāl*": "construct noun - all of", "*šōbêhem*": "Qal participle, masculine plural with 3rd plural suffix - their captors", "*heḥĕzîqû*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd plural - they have seized/held firmly", "*bām*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - in them", "*mēʾănû*": "Piel perfect, 3rd plural - they have refused", "*šallĕḥām*": "Piel infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to release/let them go" }, "variants": { "*ʿăšûqîm*": "oppressed/exploited/defrauded ones", "*šōbêhem*": "their captors/captives/captivity", "*heḥĕzîqû*": "seized strongly/held fast/grasped firmly", "*mēʾănû*": "refused/were unwilling/declined", "*šallĕḥām*": "to release them/let them go/send them away" } } 34 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.34", "source": "גֹּאֲלָ֣ם ׀ חָזָ֗ק יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ שְׁמ֔וֹ רִ֥יב יָרִ֖יב אֶת־רִיבָ֑ם לְמַ֙עַן֙ הִרְגִּ֣יעַ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְהִרְגִּ֖יז לְיֹשְׁבֵ֥י בָבֶֽל׃", "text": "*gōʾălām* *ḥāzāq* *YHWH* *ṣĕbāʾôt* *šĕmô*, *rîb* *yārîb* *ʾet*-*rîbām* *lĕmaʿan* *hirgîaʿ* *ʾet*-*hāʾāreṣ* and-*hirgîz* to-inhabitants-of-*bābel*.", "grammar": { "*gōʾălām*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their redeemer", "*ḥāzāq*": "adjective, masculine singular - strong/mighty", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - personal name of God", "*ṣĕbāʾôt*": "feminine plural noun, construct state - of hosts/armies", "*šĕmô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name", "*rîb*": "Qal infinitive absolute - contend/plead a case", "*yārîb*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will contend/plead", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*rîbām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their case/cause", "*lĕmaʿan*": "conjunction - in order that/so that", "*hirgîaʿ*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - to give rest to/cause quietness", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the land/earth", "*hirgîz*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - to cause to tremble/disquiet", "*lĕyōšĕbê*": "preposition + Qal participle, masculine plural construct - to inhabitants of", "*bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon" }, "variants": { "*gōʾălām*": "their redeemer/avenger/kinsman", "*ḥāzāq*": "strong/mighty/powerful", "*rîb*": "contention/controversy/case/dispute", "*yārîb*": "will contend/plead/strive", "*hirgîaʿ*": "to give rest/cause quietness/provide relief", "*hirgîz*": "to cause trembling/disquiet/agitate/disturb" } }
• Jer 50:45 : 45 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.45", "source": "לָכֵ֞ן שִׁמְע֣וּ עֲצַת־יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר יָעַץ֙ אֶל־בָּבֶ֔ל וּמַ֨חְשְׁבוֹתָ֔יו אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָשַׁ֖ב אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ כַּשְׂדִּ֑ים אִם־לֹ֤א יִסְחָבוּם֙ צְעִירֵ֣י הַצֹּ֔אן אִם־לֹ֥א יַשִּׁ֛ים עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם נָוֶֽה׃", "text": "Therefore *šimʿû* *ʿăṣat*-*YHWH* which *yāʿaṣ* against-*bābel* and-*maḥšĕbôtāyw* which *ḥāšab* against-*ʾereṣ* *kaśdîm*: *ʾim*-not *yisḥābûm* *ṣĕʿîrê* *haṣṣōʾn*, *ʾim*-not *yaššîm* upon-them *nāweh*.", "grammar": { "*lākēn*": "adverb - therefore/thus", "*šimʿû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - hear/listen", "*ʿăṣat*": "feminine singular noun, construct - counsel/plan of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - personal name of God", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*yāʿaṣ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has purposed/planned", "*ʾel*": "preposition - against/concerning", "*bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*maḥšĕbôtāyw*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his thoughts/plans", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*ḥāšab*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has devised", "*ʾel*": "preposition - against/concerning", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular noun, construct - land of", "*kaśdîm*": "proper noun, plural - Chaldeans", "*ʾim*": "conditional particle - if", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yisḥābûm*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - they will drag them away", "*ṣĕʿîrê*": "adjective, masculine plural construct - little ones of", "*haṣṣōʾn*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the flock", "*ʾim*": "conditional particle - if", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yaššîm*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will make desolate", "*ʿălêhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - upon them", "*nāweh*": "masculine singular noun - habitation/pasture" }, "variants": { "*šimʿû*": "hear/listen/heed", "*ʿăṣat*": "counsel/plan/purpose", "*yāʿaṣ*": "purposed/planned/devised", "*maḥšĕbôtāyw*": "his thoughts/plans/intentions", "*ḥāšab*": "devised/planned/purposed", "*kaśdîm*": "Chaldeans (people of Babylonia)", "*yisḥābûm*": "will drag them away/pull them/draw them", "*ṣĕʿîrê*": "little ones/young/least of", "*haṣṣōʾn*": "the flock/sheep (metaphor for weak ones)", "*yaššîm*": "make desolate/devastate/lay waste", "*nāweh*": "habitation/pasture/dwelling place" } }
• Jer 51:1-4 : 1 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.51.1", "source": "כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הִנְנִי֙ מֵעִ֣יר עַל־בָּבֶ֔ל וְאֶל־יֹשְׁבֵ֖י לֵ֣ב קָמָ֑י ר֖וּחַ מַשְׁחִֽית׃", "text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH*, *hinnî* *mēʿîr* against-*Bāvel* and-against-*yōšvê* *lēv qāmāy* *rûaḥ mašḥît*.", "grammar": { "*kōh*": "adverb - thus/so", "*ʾāmar*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said/declared", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*hinnî*": "interjection with 1st person suffix - behold me/I am", "*mēʿîr*": "hiphil participle masculine singular - causing to awake/arousing/stirring up", "*Bāvel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*yōšvê*": "qal participle masculine plural construct - dwellers of/inhabitants of", "*lēv qāmāy*": "construct phrase, possibly code name for Chaldea (atbash cipher for Kasdim)", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular noun - wind/spirit/breath", "*mašḥît*": "hiphil participle masculine singular - destroying/destructive" }, "variants": { "*mēʿîr*": "arousing/stirring up/awakening", "*lēv qāmāy*": "heart of those who rise against me/Chaldea (cryptic name using atbash cipher)/midst of my adversaries", "*rûaḥ mašḥît*": "destroying wind/destructive spirit" } } 2 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.51.2", "source": "וְשִׁלַּחְתִּ֨י לְבָבֶ֤ל ׀ זָרִים֙ וְזֵר֔וּהָ וִיבֹקְק֖וּ אֶת־אַרְצָ֑הּ כִּֽי־הָי֥וּ עָלֶ֛יהָ מִסָּבִ֖יב בְּי֥וֹם רָעָֽה׃", "text": "And-*šillaḥtî* to-*Bāvel* *zārîm* and-*zērûhā* and-*yevōqqû* *ʾet*-land-her, because-*hāyû* against-her from-*sāvîv* in-*yôm rāʿāh*.", "grammar": { "*šillaḥtî*": "piel perfect, 1st person singular - I will send", "*Bāvel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*zārîm*": "masculine plural noun - strangers/foreigners", "*zērûhā*": "piel perfect, 3rd plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - they will winnow/scatter her", "*yevōqqû*": "piel imperfect, 3rd plural - they will empty/make void", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*hāyû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they will be", "*sāvîv*": "adverb - around/surrounding", "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun - day", "*rāʿāh*": "feminine singular noun - evil/calamity/distress" }, "variants": { "*zārîm*": "strangers/foreigners/winnowers", "*zērûhā*": "winnow her/fan her/scatter her", "*yevōqqû*": "empty/make void/lay waste to", "*sāvîv*": "surrounding/from all sides/round about", "*yôm rāʿāh*": "day of evil/day of calamity/day of distress" } } 3 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.51.3", "source": "אֶֽל־יִדְרֹ֤ךְ *ידרך הַדֹּרֵךְ֙ קַשְׁתּ֔וֹ וְאֶל־יִתְעַ֖ל בְּסִרְיֹנּ֑וֹ וְאַֽל־תַּחְמְלוּ֙ אֶל־בַּ֣חֻרֶ֔יהָ הַחֲרִ֖ימוּ כָּל־צְבָאָֽהּ׃", "text": "Against-*yidrōḵ* *haddōrēḵ* *qaštô* and-against-*yitʿal* in-*siryōnô* and-not-*taḥmĕlû* against-*baḥûreyhā*; *haḥărîmû* all-*ṣĕvāʾāh*.", "grammar": { "*yidrōḵ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will tread/bend", "*haddōrēḵ*": "qal participle with definite article - the one treading/bending", "*qaštô*": "noun feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his bow", "*yitʿal*": "hitpael imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will raise himself/exalt himself", "*siryōnô*": "noun masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his coat of mail/armor", "*taḥmĕlû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall spare/have compassion", "*baḥûreyhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her young men", "*haḥărîmû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural - destroy completely/devote to destruction", "*ṣĕvāʾāh*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her army/host" }, "variants": { "*yidrōḵ*": "let him tread/let him bend/let him not tread (with negative)", "*yitʿal*": "let him lift himself up/let him not exalt himself (with negative)", "*siryōnô*": "his coat of mail/his armor/his brigandine", "*haḥărîmû*": "devote to destruction/utterly destroy/put under the ban" } } 4 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.51.4", "source": "וְנָפְל֥וּ חֲלָלִ֖ים בְּאֶ֣רֶץ כַּשְׂדִּ֑ים וּמְדֻקָּרִ֖ים בְּחוּצוֹתֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "And-*nāp̄lû* *ḥălālîm* in-*ʾereṣ Kaśdîm* and-*mĕduqqārîm* in-*ḥûṣôtêhā*.", "grammar": { "*nāp̄lû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they will fall", "*ḥălālîm*": "masculine plural noun - slain/wounded/pierced", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular noun construct - land of", "*Kaśdîm*": "proper noun - Chaldeans", "*mĕduqqārîm*": "pual participle masculine plural - thrust through/pierced", "*ḥûṣôtêhā*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her streets" }, "variants": { "*ḥălālîm*": "slain/wounded/those who were pierced", "*mĕduqqārîm*": "thrust through/pierced/stabbed to death" } }
• Jer 51:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.51.11", "source": "הָבֵ֣רוּ הַחִצִּים֮ מִלְא֣וּ הַשְּׁלָטִים֒ הֵעִ֣יר יְהוָ֗ה אֶת־ר֙וּחַ֙ מַלְכֵ֣י מָדַ֔י כִּֽי־עַל־בָּבֶ֥ל מְזִמָּת֖וֹ לְהַשְׁחִיתָ֑הּ כִּֽי־נִקְמַ֤ת יְהוָה֙ הִ֔יא נִקְמַ֖ת הֵיכָלֽוֹ׃", "text": "*Hāvērû* the-*ḥiṣṣîm*, *milʾû* the-*šĕlāṭîm*. *Hēʿîr* *YHWH* *ʾet*-*rûaḥ* *malḵê Māday*, for-against-*Bāvel* *mĕzimmātô* to-destroy-her, for-*niqmat* *YHWH* *hîʾ*, *niqmat* *hêḵālô*.", "grammar": { "*Hāvērû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural - sharpen/polish", "*ḥiṣṣîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the arrows", "*milʾû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - fill", "*šĕlāṭîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the shields/quivers", "*Hēʿîr*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has stirred up", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular construct - spirit of", "*malḵê*": "masculine plural noun construct - kings of", "*Māday*": "proper noun - Media/Medes", "*Bāvel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*mĕzimmātô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his purpose/device", "*niqmat*": "feminine singular construct - vengeance of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular pronoun - it (is)", "*niqmat*": "feminine singular construct - vengeance of", "*hêḵālô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his temple" }, "variants": { "*Hāvērû*": "sharpen/polish/make bright", "*šĕlāṭîm*": "shields/quivers", "*Hēʿîr*": "stirred up/aroused/awakened", "*mĕzimmātô*": "his device/his purpose/his plan", "*niqmat*": "vengeance of/retribution of/revenge of" } }