Verse 1

{ "verseID": "Job.13.1", "source": "הֶן־כֹּ֭ל רָאֲתָ֣ה עֵינִ֑י שָֽׁמְעָ֥ה אָ֝זְנִ֗י וַתָּ֥בֶן לָֽהּ׃", "text": "*Hēn*-*kōl* *rāʾăt̄â* *ʿênî* *šāmeʿâ* *ʾoznî* *wattāben* *lāh*", "grammar": { "*Hēn*": "interjection - behold/indeed", "*kōl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all/everything", "*rāʾăt̄â*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - saw/has seen", "*ʿênî*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my eye", "*šāmeʿâ*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - heard/has heard", "*ʾoznî*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my ear", "*wattāben*": "conjunction + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular with waw consecutive - and understood/comprehended", "*lāh*": "preposition with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - to/for it" }, "variants": { "*Hēn*": "behold/indeed/lo", "*rāʾăt̄â*": "saw/perceived/witnessed", "*wattāben*": "understood/comprehended/perceived", "*lāh*": "for itself/to itself" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Se, alt dette har mine øyne sett, og mine ører har hørt og forstått det.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Se, mitt øye har sett alt dette, mitt øre har hørt det og forstått det.

• Norsk King James

  Se, jeg har sett alt dette, jeg har hørt og forstått det.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Se, øynene mine har sett alt dette, ørene mine har hørt det og forstått.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Alt dette har mine øyne sett, mine ører har hørt og forstått.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Se, mitt øye har sett alt dette, mitt øre har hørt og forstått det.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Se, mitt øye har sett alt dette, mitt øre har hørt og forstått det.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Se, mitt øye har sett alt dette, mitt øre har hørt og forstått det.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Se, alt dette har mine øyne sett, mine ører har hørt og forstått det.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Indeed, my eyes have seen all this, my ears have heard and understood it.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Se, alt dette har mitt øye sett, og mitt øre har hørt og forstått det.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  See, det haver mit Øie seet altsammen, mit Øre haver hørt og forstaaet sig derpaa.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Lo, mine eye hath seen all this, mine ear hath heard and understood it.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Se, mitt øye har sett alt dette, mitt øre har hørt og forstått det.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  Look, my eye has seen all this, my ear has heard and understood it.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Lo, mine eye hath seen all this, mine ear hath heard and understood it.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Se, mitt øye har sett alt dette, mitt øre har hørt det og forstått det.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Se, alt dette har mitt øye sett, og mitt øre har hørt det og lyttet oppmerksomt.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Se, mine øyne har sett alt dette, mine ører har hørt og forstått det.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Sannelig, mitt øye har sett alt dette, ordet har nådd mitt øre, og jeg har kunnskap om det.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Lo, all this haue I sene with myne eye, herde with myne eare, & vnderstonde it.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Loe, mine eye hath seene all this: mine eare hath heard, and vnderstande it.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Lo, all this haue I seene with mine eye, heard with mine eare, and vnderstande it.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  ¶ Lo, mine eye hath seen all [this], mine ear hath heard and understood it.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  "Behold, my eye has seen all this, My ear has heard and understood it.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  Lo, all -- hath mine eye seen, Heard hath mine ear, and it attendeth to it.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Lo, mine eye hath seen all [this], Mine ear hath heard and understood it.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Truly, my eye has seen all this, word of it has come to my ear, and I have knowledge of it.

• World English Bible (2000)

  "Behold, my eye has seen all this. My ear has heard and understood it.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Job Pleads His Cause to God“Indeed, my eyes have seen all this, my ears have heard and understood it.

Referenced Verses

• Job 4:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Job.4.12", "source": "וְ֭אֵלַי דָּבָ֣ר יְגֻנָּ֑ב וַתִּקַּ֥ח אָ֝זְנִ֗י שֵׁ֣מֶץ מֽ͏ֶנְהֽוּ׃", "text": "And to *wə-ʾēlay* *dābār* *yəgunnāb* and *wa-tiqqaḥ* *ʾoznî* *šēmeṣ* from *menhû*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾēlay*": "waw conjunction + preposition + 1st person common singular suffix - and to me", "*dābār*": "noun, masculine singular - word/thing", "*yəgunnāb*": "Pual imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - was brought secretly", "*wa-tiqqaḥ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - and it received", "*ʾoznî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st person common singular suffix - my ear", "*šēmeṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - whisper", "*menhû*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - from it" }, "variants": { "*dābār*": "word/thing/matter/speech", "*yəgunnāb*": "to be brought secretly/stolen/sneaked", "*tiqqaḥ*": "to take/receive/accept", "*ʾoznî*": "my ear/hearing", "*šēmeṣ*": "whisper/hint/fragment" } }
• Job 5:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "Job.5.9", "source": "עֹשֶׂ֣ה גְ֭דֹלוֹת וְאֵ֣ין חֵ֑קֶר נִ֝פְלָא֗וֹת עַד־אֵ֥ין מִסְפָּֽר׃", "text": "*ʿōśeh* *gədōlōt* *wə*-*ʾēn* *ḥēqer* *niflāʾōt* until-*ʾēn* *mispār*", "grammar": { "*ʿōśeh*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - doing/maker", "*gədōlōt*": "adjective, feminine plural - great things", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾēn*": "particle of negation - there is no", "*ḥēqer*": "noun, masculine singular - searching out/investigation", "*niflāʾōt*": "Niphal participle, feminine plural - wonderful things/marvels", "*ʾēn*": "particle of negation - there is no", "*mispār*": "noun, masculine singular - number/counting" }, "variants": { "*ʿōśeh*": "doer/maker/worker", "*gədōlōt*": "great things/mighty deeds", "*ḥēqer*": "searching out/investigation/fathoming", "*niflāʾōt*": "wonders/marvels/miracles", "*mispār*": "number/count/reckoning" } } 10 { "verseID": "Job.5.10", "source": "הַנֹּתֵ֣ן מָ֭טָר עַל־פְּנֵי־אָ֑רֶץ וְשֹׁ֥לֵֽחַ מַ֝יִם עַל־פְּנֵ֥י חוּצֽוֹת׃", "text": "the-*nōtēn* *māṭār* upon-*pənê*-*ʾāreṣ* *wə*-*šōlēaḥ* *mayim* upon-*pənê* *ḥûṣōt*", "grammar": { "*nōtēn*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with definite article - the one giving", "*māṭār*": "noun, masculine singular - rain", "*pənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - face of/surface of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*šōlēaḥ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - sending", "*mayim*": "noun, masculine plural - waters", "*pənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - face of/surface of", "*ḥûṣōt*": "noun, feminine plural - streets/fields/outside places" }, "variants": { "*nōtēn*": "giver/one who gives", "*māṭār*": "rain", "*pənê*": "face of/surface of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground", "*šōlēaḥ*": "sender/one who sends", "*mayim*": "waters/water", "*ḥûṣōt*": "streets/fields/outplaces" } } 11 { "verseID": "Job.5.11", "source": "לָשׂ֣וּם שְׁפָלִ֣ים לְמָר֑וֹם וְ֝קֹדְרִ֗ים שָׂ֣גְבוּ יֶֽשַׁע׃", "text": "to-*śûm* *šəfālîm* to-*mārōm* *wə*-*qōdərîm* *śāgəbû* *yešaʿ*", "grammar": { "*śûm*": "infinitive construct - to set/place", "*šəfālîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - low/humble ones", "*mārōm*": "noun, masculine singular - height/high place", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*qōdərîm*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - mourning ones/those who are dark", "*śāgəbû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they are lifted high", "*yešaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - safety/salvation" }, "variants": { "*śûm*": "to set/place/put", "*šəfālîm*": "low ones/humble ones", "*mārōm*": "height/high place/exalted position", "*qōdərîm*": "mourning ones/those in black/those who are dark", "*śāgəbû*": "are lifted high/exalted", "*yešaʿ*": "safety/salvation/deliverance" } } 12 { "verseID": "Job.5.12", "source": "מֵ֭פֵר מַחְשְׁב֣וֹת עֲרוּמִ֑ים וְֽלֹא־תַעֲשֶׂ֥ינָה יְ֝דֵיהֶ֗ם תּוּשִׁיָּֽה׃", "text": "*mēfēr* *maḥšəbōt* *ʿărûmîm* *wə*-not-*taʿăśênāh* *yədêhem* *tûšiyyāh*", "grammar": { "*mēfēr*": "Hiphil participle, masculine singular - breaking/frustrating", "*maḥšəbōt*": "noun, feminine plural - thoughts/plans/devices", "*ʿărûmîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - crafty/shrewd ones", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*taʿăśênāh*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine plural - they will perform/accomplish", "*yədêhem*": "noun, feminine dual construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their hands", "*tûšiyyāh*": "noun, feminine singular - success/wisdom/sound wisdom" }, "variants": { "*mēfēr*": "one who breaks/frustrates/annuls", "*maḥšəbōt*": "thoughts/plans/devices/schemes", "*ʿărûmîm*": "crafty ones/shrewd ones/cunning ones", "*taʿăśênāh*": "perform/accomplish/achieve", "*tûšiyyāh*": "success/wisdom/sound wisdom/enterprise" } } 13 { "verseID": "Job.5.13", "source": "לֹכֵ֣ד חֲכָמִ֣ים בְּעָרְמָ֑ם וַעֲצַ֖ת נִפְתָּלִ֣ים נִמְהָֽרָה׃", "text": "*lōkēd* *ḥăkāmîm* in-*ʿārəmām* *wa*-*ʿăṣat* *niftālîm* *nimhārāh*", "grammar": { "*lōkēd*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - catching/seizing", "*ḥăkāmîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - wise ones", "*ʿārəmām*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their craftiness", "*wa*": "conjunction with consecutive verb - and", "*ʿăṣat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - counsel of", "*niftālîm*": "Niphal participle, masculine plural - twisted ones/crafty ones", "*nimhārāh*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - is hurried/precipitated" }, "variants": { "*lōkēd*": "catcher/seizer/entrapper", "*ḥăkāmîm*": "wise ones/wise men/sages", "*ʿārəmām*": "their craftiness/cunning", "*ʿăṣat*": "counsel of/advice of", "*niftālîm*": "twisted ones/crooked ones/perverse ones", "*nimhārāh*": "is hurried/precipitated/carried headlong" } } 14 { "verseID": "Job.5.14", "source": "יוֹמָ֥ם יְפַגְּשׁוּ־חֹ֑שֶׁךְ וְ֝כַלַּ֗יְלָה יְֽמַשְׁשׁ֥וּ בַֽצָּהֳרָֽיִם׃", "text": "*yōmām* *yəfaggəšû*-*ḥōšek* *wə*-like-the-*laylāh* *yəmaššəšû* in-the-*ṣāhŏrāyim*", "grammar": { "*yōmām*": "adverb - by day/daytime", "*yəfaggəšû*": "Piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they meet/encounter", "*ḥōšek*": "noun, masculine singular - darkness", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*laylāh*": "noun, masculine singular with prefixed comparative particle - like the night", "*yəmaššəšû*": "Piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they grope", "*ṣāhŏrāyim*": "noun, masculine dual with definite article - the noonday" }, "variants": { "*yōmām*": "by day/daytime", "*yəfaggəšû*": "meet/encounter/run into", "*ḥōšek*": "darkness/obscurity", "*laylāh*": "night", "*yəmaššəšû*": "grope/feel about", "*ṣāhŏrāyim*": "noonday/midday" } } 15 { "verseID": "Job.5.15", "source": "וַיֹּ֣שַׁע מֵ֭חֶרֶב מִפִּיהֶ֑ם וּמִיַּ֖ד חָזָ֣ק אֶבְיֽוֹן׃", "text": "*wa*-*yōšaʿ* from-*ḥereb* from-*pîhem* *û*-from-*yad* *ḥāzāq* *ʾebyōn*", "grammar": { "*wa*": "conjunction with consecutive imperfect - and", "*yōšaʿ*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he saves", "*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword", "*pîhem*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their mouth", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*yad*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hand of", "*ḥāzāq*": "adjective, masculine singular - strong", "*ʾebyōn*": "adjective, masculine singular - needy/poor" }, "variants": { "*yōšaʿ*": "saves/delivers", "*ḥereb*": "sword/drought", "*pîhem*": "their mouth/their speech", "*yad*": "hand/power", "*ḥāzāq*": "strong/mighty", "*ʾebyōn*": "needy one/poor one" } } 16 { "verseID": "Job.5.16", "source": "וַתְּהִ֣י לַדַּ֣ל תִּקְוָ֑ה וְ֝עֹלָ֗תָה קָ֣פְצָה פִּֽיהָ׃", "text": "*wa*-*təhî* to-the-*dal* *tiqwāh* *wə*-*ʿōlātāh* *qāfəṣāh* *pîhā*", "grammar": { "*wa*": "conjunction with consecutive imperfect - and", "*təhî*": "Qal imperfect jussive, 3rd person feminine singular - let there be", "*dal*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the poor/weak", "*tiqwāh*": "noun, feminine singular - hope", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿōlātāh*": "noun, feminine singular - injustice/unrighteousness", "*qāfəṣāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she has shut", "*pîhā*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her mouth" }, "variants": { "*təhî*": "there is/becomes", "*dal*": "poor one/weak one/thin one", "*tiqwāh*": "hope/expectation", "*ʿōlātāh*": "injustice/unrighteousness/perversity", "*qāfəṣāh*": "shuts/closes tightly", "*pîhā*": "her mouth" } }
• Job 5:27 : 27 { "verseID": "Job.5.27", "source": "הִנֵּה־זֹ֭את חֲקַרְנ֥וּהָ כֶּֽן־הִ֑יא שְׁ֝מָעֶ֗נָּה וְאַתָּ֥ה דַֽע־לָֽךְ׃ פ", "text": "*hinnēh*-*zōʾt* *ḥăqarnûhā* so-*hîʾ* *šəmāʿennāh* *wə*-*ʾattāh* *daʿ*-to-*ḵā*", "grammar": { "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/lo", "*zōʾt*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this", "*ḥăqarnûhā*": "Qal perfect, 1st person common plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - we have searched it out", "*hîʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd person feminine singular - it", "*šəmāʿennāh*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - hear it", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾattāh*": "pronoun, 2nd person masculine singular - you", "*daʿ*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - know" }, "variants": { "*hinnēh*": "behold/look/see", "*ḥăqarnûhā*": "we have searched it out/investigated it", "*šəmāʿennāh*": "hear it/listen to it", "*daʿ*": "know/understand" } }
• Job 8:8-9 : 8 { "verseID": "Job.8.8", "source": "כִּֽי־שְׁאַל־נָ֭א לְדֹ֣ר רִישׁ֑וֹן וְ֝כוֹנֵ֗ן לְחֵ֣קֶר אֲבוֹתָֽם׃", "text": "For *šĕʾal-nāʾ lĕdōr rîšôn wĕ-kônēn lĕḥēqer ʾăbôtām*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*šĕʾal-nāʾ*": "qal imperative masculine singular + particle of entreaty - inquire please", "*lĕdōr*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - to/of generation", "*rîšôn*": "adjective masculine singular - former/previous", "*wĕ-kônēn*": "conjunction + polel imperative masculine singular - and establish/prepare", "*lĕḥēqer*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - for investigation/search of", "*ʾăbôtām*": "noun masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their fathers" }, "variants": { "*šĕʾal*": "inquire/ask/request", "*dōr*": "generation/period/dwelling", "*rîšôn*": "former/first/earlier", "*kônēn*": "establish/prepare/direct", "*ḥēqer*": "investigation/search/examination", "*ʾăbôt*": "fathers/ancestors/forefathers" } } 9 { "verseID": "Job.8.9", "source": "כִּֽי־תְמ֣וֹל אֲ֭נַחְנוּ וְלֹ֣א נֵדָ֑ע כִּ֤י צֵ֖ל יָמֵ֣ינוּ עֲלֵי־אָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "For *tĕmôl ʾănaḥnû wĕ-lōʾ nēdāʿ kî ṣēl yāmênû ʿălê-ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*tĕmôl*": "adverb - yesterday/recently", "*ʾănaḥnû*": "personal pronoun 1st common plural - we", "*wĕ-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*nēdāʿ*": "qal imperfect 1st common plural - we know", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ṣēl*": "noun masculine singular construct - shadow of", "*yāmênû*": "noun masculine plural construct + 1st common plural suffix - our days", "*ʿălê-ʾāreṣ*": "preposition + noun feminine singular - upon earth" }, "variants": { "*tĕmôl*": "yesterday/recently/before", "*nēdāʿ*": "know/understand/perceive", "*ṣēl*": "shadow/shade/darkness", "*yāmênû*": "our days/lifetime", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground" } } 10 { "verseID": "Job.8.10", "source": "הֲלֹא־הֵ֣ם י֭וֹרוּךָ יֹ֣אמְרוּ לָ֑ךְ וּ֝מִלִּבָּ֗ם יוֹצִ֥אוּ מִלִּֽים׃", "text": "Will not *hēm yôrûḵā yōʾmĕrû lāḵ û-millibām yôṣīʾû millîm*", "grammar": { "*hă-lōʾ*": "interrogative particle + negative particle - will not", "*hēm*": "personal pronoun 3rd masculine plural - they", "*yôrûḵā*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural + 2nd masculine singular suffix - they will teach you", "*yōʾmĕrû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will say/speak", "*lāḵ*": "preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - to you", "*û-millibām*": "conjunction + preposition + noun masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and from their heart", "*yôṣīʾû*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will bring forth", "*millîm*": "noun feminine plural - words/sayings" }, "variants": { "*yôrûḵā*": "teach/instruct/direct", "*yōʾmĕrû*": "say/speak/tell", "*lēb*": "heart/mind/inner person", "*yôṣīʾû*": "bring forth/produce/utter", "*millîm*": "words/speech/sayings" } }
• Job 12:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "Job.12.9", "source": "מִ֭י לֹא־יָדַ֣ע בְּכָל־אֵ֑לֶּה כִּ֥י יַד־יְ֝הוָה עָ֣שְׂתָה זֹּֽאת׃", "text": "*mî* *lōʾ-yādaʿ* *bə-kāl-ʾēlleh* *kî* *yad-YHWH* *ʿāśtâ* *zōʾt*", "grammar": { "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who", "*lōʾ-yādaʿ*": "negative particle + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has not known", "*bə-kāl-ʾēlleh*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + demonstrative pronoun, plural - in all these", "*kî*": "conjunction - that", "*yad-YHWH*": "noun, feminine singular construct + divine name - hand of YHWH/LORD", "*ʿāśtâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - has done/made", "*zōʾt*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*yādaʿ*": "knew/understood/perceived", "*kāl*": "all/every/whole", "*ʾēlleh*": "these (things)", "*yad*": "hand/power/agency", "*YHWH*": "Yahweh/LORD (divine name)", "*ʿāśtâ*": "has done/made/accomplished", "*zōʾt*": "this (thing)" } } 10 { "verseID": "Job.12.10", "source": "אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּ֭יָדוֹ נֶ֣פֶשׁ כָּל־חָ֑י וְ֝ר֗וּחַ כָּל־בְּשַׂר־אִֽישׁ׃", "text": "*ʾăšer* *bə-yādô* *nepeš* *kāl-ḥāy* *wə-rûaḥ* *kāl-bəśar-ʾîš*", "grammar": { "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/which/that", "*bə-yādô*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his hand", "*nepeš*": "noun, feminine singular construct - soul/life of", "*kāl-ḥāy*": "noun, masculine singular construct + adjective, masculine singular - every living thing", "*wə-rûaḥ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular construct - and spirit/breath of", "*kāl-bəśar-ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular construct + noun, masculine singular construct + noun, masculine singular - all flesh of man" }, "variants": { "*yādô*": "his hand/power/control", "*nepeš*": "soul/life/being", "*ḥāy*": "living/alive", "*rûaḥ*": "spirit/breath/wind", "*bəśar*": "flesh/body/meat", "*ʾîš*": "man/person/human" } } 11 { "verseID": "Job.12.11", "source": "הֲלֹא־אֹ֭זֶן מִלִּ֣ין תִּבְחָ֑ן וְ֝חֵ֗ךְ אֹ֣כֶל יִטְעַם־לֽוֹ׃", "text": "*hă-lōʾ-ʾōzen* *millîn* *tibḥān* *wə-ḥēk* *ʾōkel* *yiṭʿam-lô*", "grammar": { "*hă-lōʾ*": "interrogative particle + negative particle - does not", "*ʾōzen*": "noun, feminine singular - ear", "*millîn*": "noun, feminine plural - words", "*tibḥān*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - test/try", "*wə-ḥēk*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and palate", "*ʾōkel*": "noun, masculine singular - food", "*yiṭʿam-lô*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - taste for itself" }, "variants": { "*ʾōzen*": "ear/hearing", "*millîn*": "words/speech/sayings", "*tibḥān*": "tests/tries/examines", "*ḥēk*": "palate/roof of mouth/taste", "*ʾōkel*": "food/meal", "*yiṭʿam*": "tastes/perceives flavor" } } 12 { "verseID": "Job.12.12", "source": "בִּֽישִׁישִׁ֥ים חָכְמָ֑ה וְאֹ֖רֶךְ יָמִ֣ים תְּבוּנָֽה׃", "text": "*bî-šîšîm* *ḥākmâ* *wə-ʾōrek* *yāmîm* *təbûnâ*", "grammar": { "*bî-šîšîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - in aged men", "*ḥākmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - wisdom", "*wə-ʾōrek*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and length of", "*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - days", "*təbûnâ*": "noun, feminine singular - understanding" }, "variants": { "*šîšîm*": "aged men/elders/elderly", "*ḥākmâ*": "wisdom/skill/knowledge", "*ʾōrek*": "length/duration", "*yāmîm*": "days/time/lifetime", "*təbûnâ*": "understanding/insight/discernment" } } 13 { "verseID": "Job.12.13", "source": "עִ֭מּוֹ חָכְמָ֣ה וּגְבוּרָ֑ה ל֝֗וֹ עֵצָ֥ה וּתְבוּנָֽה׃", "text": "*ʿimmô* *ḥākmâ* *û-gəbûrâ* *lô* *ʿēṣâ* *û-təbûnâ*", "grammar": { "*ʿimmô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - with him", "*ḥākmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - wisdom", "*û-gəbûrâ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and might", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*ʿēṣâ*": "noun, feminine singular - counsel", "*û-təbûnâ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and understanding" }, "variants": { "*ʿimmô*": "with him/in his possession", "*ḥākmâ*": "wisdom/skill", "*gəbûrâ*": "might/strength/power", "*ʿēṣâ*": "counsel/advice/plan", "*təbûnâ*": "understanding/insight/intelligence" } } 14 { "verseID": "Job.12.14", "source": "הֵ֣ן יַ֭הֲרוֹס וְלֹ֣א יִבָּנֶ֑ה יִסְגֹּ֥ר עַל־אִ֝֗ישׁ וְלֹ֣א יִפָּתֵֽחַ׃", "text": "*hēn* *yahărôs* *wə-lōʾ* *yibbāneh* *yisgōr* *ʿal-ʾîš* *wə-lōʾ* *yippātēaḥ*", "grammar": { "*hēn*": "interjection - behold", "*yahărôs*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he tears down", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*yibbāneh*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it will be built", "*yisgōr*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shuts/imprisons", "*ʿal-ʾîš*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - upon a man", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*yippātēaḥ*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it will be opened" }, "variants": { "*hēn*": "behold/see/lo", "*yahărôs*": "tears down/demolishes/destroys", "*yibbāneh*": "will be built/rebuilt", "*yisgōr*": "shuts/imprisons/restrains", "*ʾîš*": "man/person", "*yippātēaḥ*": "will be opened/released" } } 15 { "verseID": "Job.12.15", "source": "הֵ֤ן יַעְצֹ֣ר בַּמַּ֣יִם וְיִבָ֑שׁוּ וִֽ֝ישַׁלְּחֵ֗ם וְיַ֖הַפְכוּ אָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*hēn* *yaʿṣōr* *ba-mmayim* *wə-yibāšû* *wî-šalləḥēm* *wə-yahapkû* *ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*hēn*": "interjection - behold", "*yaʿṣōr*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he withholds/restrains", "*ba-mmayim*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - the waters", "*wə-yibāšû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they dry up", "*wî-šalləḥēm*": "conjunction + piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he sends them forth", "*wə-yahapkû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they overturn", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land" }, "variants": { "*yaʿṣōr*": "withholds/restrains/holds back", "*mayim*": "waters/water", "*yibāšû*": "dry up/wither", "*šalləḥēm*": "sends them forth/releases them", "*yahapkû*": "overturn/overthrow/transform", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground" } } 16 { "verseID": "Job.12.16", "source": "עִ֭מּוֹ עֹ֣ז וְתֽוּשִׁיָּ֑ה ל֝֗וֹ שֹׁגֵ֥ג וּמַשְׁגֶּֽה׃", "text": "*ʿimmô* *ʿōz* *wə-tûšiyyâ* *lô* *šōgēg* *û-mašgeh*", "grammar": { "*ʿimmô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - with him", "*ʿōz*": "noun, masculine singular - strength", "*wə-tûšiyyâ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and sound wisdom", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*šōgēg*": "qal participle, masculine singular - one who errs", "*û-mašgeh*": "conjunction + hiphil participle, masculine singular - and one who causes to err" }, "variants": { "*ʿimmô*": "with him/in his possession", "*ʿōz*": "strength/power/might", "*tûšiyyâ*": "sound wisdom/success/effective wisdom", "*šōgēg*": "one who errs/deceived one", "*mašgeh*": "one who causes to err/deceiver" } } 17 { "verseID": "Job.12.17", "source": "מוֹלִ֣יךְ יוֹעֲצִ֣ים שׁוֹלָ֑ל וְֽשֹׁפְטִ֥ים יְהוֹלֵֽל׃", "text": "*môlîk* *yôʿăṣîm* *šôlāl* *wə-šōpəṭîm* *yəhôlēl*", "grammar": { "*môlîk*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - leading", "*yôʿăṣîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - counselors", "*šôlāl*": "noun, masculine singular - stripped/barefoot/plundered", "*wə-šōpəṭîm*": "conjunction + qal participle, masculine plural - and judges", "*yəhôlēl*": "poel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he makes fools" }, "variants": { "*môlîk*": "leads/brings/causes to walk", "*yôʿăṣîm*": "counselors/advisors", "*šôlāl*": "stripped/plundered/barefoot/captive", "*šōpəṭîm*": "judges/rulers", "*yəhôlēl*": "makes foolish/makes mad" } } 18 { "verseID": "Job.12.18", "source": "מוּסַ֣ר מְלָכִ֣ים פִּתֵּ֑חַ וַיֶּאְסֹ֥ר אֵ֝ז֗וֹר בְּמָתְנֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*mûsar* *məlākîm* *pittēaḥ* *wa-yeʾsōr* *ʾēzôr* *bə-mātnêhem*", "grammar": { "*mûsar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - bond of", "*məlākîm*": "noun, masculine plural - kings", "*pittēaḥ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he loosens", "*wa-yeʾsōr*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he binds", "*ʾēzôr*": "noun, masculine singular - belt/waistcloth", "*bə-mātnêhem*": "preposition + noun, feminine dual + 3rd masculine plural suffix - in/on their loins" }, "variants": { "*mûsar*": "bond/discipline/correction", "*məlākîm*": "kings/rulers", "*pittēaḥ*": "loosens/unties/releases", "*yeʾsōr*": "binds/ties/fastens", "*ʾēzôr*": "belt/waistcloth/girdle", "*mātnêhem*": "their loins/waists" } } 19 { "verseID": "Job.12.19", "source": "מוֹלִ֣יךְ כֹּהֲנִ֣ים שׁוֹלָ֑ל וְאֵ֖תָנִ֣ים יְסַלֵּֽף׃", "text": "*môlîk* *kōhănîm* *šôlāl* *wə-ʾētānîm* *yəsallēp*", "grammar": { "*môlîk*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - leading", "*kōhănîm*": "noun, masculine plural - priests", "*šôlāl*": "noun, masculine singular - stripped/barefoot/plundered", "*wə-ʾētānîm*": "conjunction + adjective, masculine plural - and mighty ones", "*yəsallēp*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he overthrows" }, "variants": { "*môlîk*": "leads/brings/causes to walk", "*kōhănîm*": "priests/religious officials", "*šôlāl*": "stripped/plundered/barefoot/captive", "*ʾētānîm*": "mighty ones/established ones/powerful men", "*yəsallēp*": "overthrows/subverts/perverts" } } 20 { "verseID": "Job.12.20", "source": "מֵסִ֣יר שָׂ֭פָה לְנֶאֱמָנִ֑ים וְטַ֖עַם זְקֵנִ֣ים יִקָּֽח׃", "text": "*mēsîr* *śāpâ* *lə-neʾĕmānîm* *wə-ṭaʿam* *zəqēnîm* *yiqqāḥ*", "grammar": { "*mēsîr*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - removing", "*śāpâ*": "noun, feminine singular - speech/lip", "*lə-neʾĕmānîm*": "preposition + niphal participle, masculine plural - for trustworthy ones", "*wə-ṭaʿam*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and judgment of", "*zəqēnîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - elders", "*yiqqāḥ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he takes away" }, "variants": { "*mēsîr*": "removes/takes away", "*śāpâ*": "speech/lip/language", "*neʾĕmānîm*": "trustworthy ones/trusted ones/faithful ones", "*ṭaʿam*": "judgment/discernment/taste", "*zəqēnîm*": "elders/old men", "*yiqqāḥ*": "takes away/removes" } } 21 { "verseID": "Job.12.21", "source": "שׁוֹפֵ֣ךְ בּ֭וּז עַל־נְדִיבִ֑ים וּמְזִ֖יחַ אֲפִיקִ֣ים רִפָּֽה׃", "text": "*šôpēk* *bûz* *ʿal-nədîbîm* *û-məzîaḥ* *ʾăpîqîm* *rippâ*", "grammar": { "*šôpēk*": "qal participle, masculine singular - pouring", "*bûz*": "noun, masculine singular - contempt", "*ʿal-nədîbîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - upon nobles", "*û-məzîaḥ*": "conjunction + hiphil participle, masculine singular - and loosening", "*ʾăpîqîm*": "noun, masculine plural - belts/restraints", "*rippâ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he weakens" }, "variants": { "*šôpēk*": "pours/spills/sheds", "*bûz*": "contempt/scorn/derision", "*nədîbîm*": "nobles/princes/generous ones", "*məzîaḥ*": "loosening/slackening", "*ʾăpîqîm*": "belts/restraints/strength/mighty ones", "*rippâ*": "weakens/relaxes" } } 22 { "verseID": "Job.12.22", "source": "מְגַלֶּ֣ה עֲ֭מֻקוֹת מִנִּי־חֹ֑שֶׁךְ וַיֹּצֵ֖א לָא֣וֹר צַלְמָֽוֶת׃", "text": "*məgalleh* *ʿămūqôt* *minnî-ḥōšek* *wa-yōṣēʾ* *lā-ʾôr* *ṣalmāwet*", "grammar": { "*məgalleh*": "piel participle, masculine singular - uncovering", "*ʿămūqôt*": "adjective, feminine plural - deep things", "*minnî-ḥōšek*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from darkness", "*wa-yōṣēʾ*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he brings out", "*lā-ʾôr*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - to the light", "*ṣalmāwet*": "noun, masculine singular - deep darkness/shadow of death" }, "variants": { "*məgalleh*": "uncovers/reveals/discloses", "*ʿămūqôt*": "deep things/depths/profound matters", "*ḥōšek*": "darkness/obscurity", "*yōṣēʾ*": "brings out/produces", "*ʾôr*": "light/daylight", "*ṣalmāwet*": "deep darkness/shadow of death/gloom" } } 23 { "verseID": "Job.12.23", "source": "מַשְׂגִּ֣יא לַ֭גּוֹיִם וַֽיְאַבְּדֵ֑ם שֹׁטֵ֥חַ לַ֝גּוֹיִ֗ם וַיַּנְחֵֽם׃", "text": "*maśgîʾ* *la-ggôyim* *wa-yəʾabbədēm* *šōṭēaḥ* *la-ggôyim* *wa-yanḥēm*", "grammar": { "*maśgîʾ*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - making great", "*la-ggôyim*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - to the nations", "*wa-yəʾabbədēm*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he destroys them", "*šōṭēaḥ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - spreading out", "*la-ggôyim*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - to the nations", "*wa-yanḥēm*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he leads them" }, "variants": { "*maśgîʾ*": "makes great/increases/enlarges", "*gôyim*": "nations/peoples/gentiles", "*yəʾabbədēm*": "destroys them/causes them to perish", "*šōṭēaḥ*": "spreads out/expands/enlarges", "*yanḥēm*": "leads them/guides them" } } 24 { "verseID": "Job.12.24", "source": "מֵסִ֗יר לֵ֭ב רָאשֵׁ֣י עַם־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַ֝יַּתְעֵ֗ם בְּתֹ֣הוּ לֹא־דָֽרֶךְ׃", "text": "*mēsîr* *lēb* *rāʾšê* *ʿam-hā-ʾāreṣ* *wa-yatʿēm* *bə-tōhû* *lōʾ-dārek*", "grammar": { "*mēsîr*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - removing", "*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of", "*rāʾšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - chiefs of", "*ʿam-hā-ʾāreṣ*": "noun, masculine singular construct + definite article + noun, feminine singular - people of the land", "*wa-yatʿēm*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he makes them wander", "*bə-tōhû*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - in emptiness", "*lōʾ-dārek*": "negative particle + noun, masculine singular - no way" }, "variants": { "*mēsîr*": "removes/takes away", "*lēb*": "heart/mind/understanding", "*rāʾšê*": "chiefs/heads/leaders", "*ʿam-hā-ʾāreṣ*": "people of the land/populace", "*yatʿēm*": "makes them wander/causes them to stray", "*tōhû*": "emptiness/wasteland/chaos", "*dārek*": "way/road/path" } } 25 { "verseID": "Job.12.25", "source": "יְמַֽשְׁשׁוּ־חֹ֥שֶׁךְ וְלֹא־א֑וֹר וַ֝יַּתְעֵ֗ם כַּשִּׁכּֽוֹר׃", "text": "*yəmaššû-ḥōšek* *wə-lōʾ-ʾôr* *wa-yatʿēm* *ka-ššikkôr*", "grammar": { "*yəmaššû*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they grope", "*ḥōšek*": "noun, masculine singular - darkness", "*wə-lōʾ-ʾôr*": "conjunction + negative particle + noun, masculine singular - and not light", "*wa-yatʿēm*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he makes them wander", "*ka-ššikkôr*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - like the drunkard" }, "variants": { "*yəmaššû*": "grope/feel about", "*ḥōšek*": "darkness/obscurity", "*ʾôr*": "light/daylight", "*yatʿēm*": "makes them wander/causes them to stray", "*šikkôr*": "drunkard/intoxicated person" } }
• Job 15:17-18 : 17 { "verseID": "Job.15.17", "source": "אֲחַוְךָ שְׁמַע־לִי וְזֶה־חָזִיתִי וַאֲסַפֵּרָה", "text": "*ʾăḥawḵā* *šəmaʿ-lî* *wə-zeh-ḥāzîtî* *wa-ʾăsappērāh*", "grammar": { "*ʾăḥawḵā*": "piel imperfect, 1st person singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - I will show you", "*šəmaʿ-lî*": "qal imperative, masculine singular + preposition + 1st person singular suffix - listen to me", "*wə-zeh-ḥāzîtî*": "conjunction + demonstrative pronoun + qal perfect, 1st person singular - and this I have seen", "*wa-ʾăsappērāh*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect, 1st person singular - and I will declare" }, "variants": { "*ḥāwāh*": "to tell, declare, show", "*šāmaʿ*": "to hear, listen, obey", "*ḥāzāh*": "to see, behold, perceive", "*sāp̄ar*": "to count, recount, relate" } } 18 { "verseID": "Job.15.18", "source": "אֲשֶׁר־חֲכָמִים יַגִּידוּ וְלֹא כִחֲדוּ מֵאֲבוֹתָם", "text": "*ʾăšer-ḥăḵāmîm* *yaggîdû* *wə-lōʾ* *ḵiḥădû* *mēʾăḇôtām*", "grammar": { "*ʾăšer-ḥăḵāmîm*": "relative pronoun + noun, masculine plural - which wise men", "*yaggîdû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they declare", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ḵiḥădû*": "piel perfect, 3rd common plural - they hid", "*mēʾăḇôtām*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - from their fathers" }, "variants": { "*ḥāḵām*": "wise, skilled, experienced", "*nāḡad*": "to tell, declare, report", "*kāḥad*": "to hide, conceal, withhold", "*ʾāḇ*": "father, ancestor" } }
• Job 42:3-6 : 3 { "verseID": "Job.42.3", "source": "מִ֤י זֶ֨ה ׀ מַעְלִ֥ים עֵצָ֗ה בְּֽלִ֫י דָ֥עַת לָכֵ֣ן הִ֭גַּדְתִּי וְלֹ֣א אָבִ֑ין נִפְלָא֥וֹת מִ֝מֶּ֗נִּי וְלֹ֣א אֵדָֽע׃", "text": "Who *zeh* *maʿlîm* *ʿēṣâ* without *dāʿat* therefore *higgadtî* and *lōʾ* *ʾābîn* *niplāʾôt* from-me and *lōʾ* *ʾēdāʿ*", "grammar": { "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*maʿlîm*": "Hiphil participle, masculine singular - hiding/concealing", "*ʿēṣâ*": "noun, feminine singular - counsel/plan/advice", "*dāʿat*": "noun, feminine singular - knowledge/understanding", "*higgadtî*": "Hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I declared/stated", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾābîn*": "Qal imperfect, 1st singular - I understand", "*niplāʾôt*": "Niphal participle, feminine plural - wonderful things/marvelous things", "*ʾēdāʿ*": "Qal imperfect, 1st singular - I know" }, "variants": { "*zeh*": "this/that", "*maʿlîm*": "hiding/concealing/obscuring", "*ʿēṣâ*": "counsel/plan/advice/purpose", "*dāʿat*": "knowledge/understanding/wisdom", "*higgadtî*": "I declared/I uttered/I spoke", "*ʾābîn*": "I understand/I comprehend/I perceive", "*niplāʾôt*": "wonders/wonderful things/marvelous things/things too difficult", "*ʾēdāʿ*": "I know/I understand/I perceive" } } 4 { "verseID": "Job.42.4", "source": "שְֽׁמַֽע־נָ֭א וְאָנֹכִ֣י אֲדַבֵּ֑ר אֶ֝שְׁאָלְךָ֗ וְהוֹדִיעֵֽנִי׃", "text": "*šəmaʿ*-*nāʾ* and *ʾānōkî* *ʾădabbēr* *ʾešʾālǝkā* and *hôdîʿēnî*", "grammar": { "*šəmaʿ*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - hear/listen", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please/now", "*ʾānōkî*": "personal pronoun, 1st singular - I", "*ʾădabbēr*": "Piel imperfect, 1st singular - I will speak", "*ʾešʾālǝkā*": "Qal imperfect, 1st singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - I will ask you", "*hôdîʿēnî*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - make me know/inform me" }, "variants": { "*šəmaʿ*": "hear/listen/pay attention", "*nāʾ*": "please/now/I pray", "*ʾănî*": "I/myself", "*ʾădabbēr*": "I will speak/I will talk/I will declare", "*ʾešʾālǝkā*": "I will ask you/I will question you/I will inquire of you", "*hôdîʿēnî*": "make me know/inform me/instruct me" } } 5 { "verseID": "Job.42.5", "source": "לְשֵֽׁמַע־אֹ֥זֶן שְׁמַעְתִּ֑יךָ וְ֝עַתָּ֗ה עֵינִ֥י רָאָֽתְךָ׃", "text": "For-*šēmaʿ*-*ʾōzen* *šəmaʿtîkā* and-*ʿattâ* *ʿênî* *rāʾātǝkā*", "grammar": { "*šēmaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - hearing", "*ʾōzen*": "noun, feminine singular - ear", "*šəmaʿtîkā*": "Qal perfect, 1st singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - I heard you", "*ʿattâ*": "adverb - now", "*ʿênî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st singular suffix - my eye", "*rāʾātǝkā*": "Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - it has seen you" }, "variants": { "*šēmaʿ*": "hearing/report", "*ʾōzen*": "ear/hearing", "*šəmaʿtîkā*": "I heard you/I listened to you", "*ʿattâ*": "now/at this time", "*ʿênî*": "my eye", "*rāʾātǝkā*": "has seen you/perceives you/beholds you" } } 6 { "verseID": "Job.42.6", "source": "עַל־כֵּ֭ן אֶמְאַ֣ס וְנִחַ֑מְתִּי עַל־עָפָ֥ר וָאֵֽפֶר׃", "text": "Upon-*kēn* *ʾemʾas* and-*niḥamtî* upon-*ʿāpār* and-*ʾēper*", "grammar": { "*kēn*": "adverb - thus/so", "*ʾemʾas*": "Qal imperfect, 1st singular - I despise/reject", "*niḥamtî*": "Niphal perfect, 1st singular - I am comforted/I repent", "*ʿāpār*": "noun, masculine singular - dust", "*ʾēper*": "noun, masculine singular - ashes" }, "variants": { "*kēn*": "thus/so/therefore", "*ʾemʾas*": "I despise/I reject/I abhor", "*niḥamtî*": "I repent/I am comforted/I am sorry", "*ʿāpār*": "dust/dirt/earth", "*ʾēper*": "ashes/dust" } }
• Ps 78:3-4 : 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.3", "source": "אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁ֭מַעְנוּ וַנֵּדָעֵ֑ם וַ֝אֲבוֹתֵ֗ינוּ סִפְּרוּ־לָֽנוּ׃", "text": "*ʾăšer* *šāmaʿnû* *wannēḏāʿēm* and our *waʾăḇôtênû* *sippərû-lānû*", "grammar": { "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/that", "*šāmaʿnû*": "qal perfect, 1st person plural - we have heard", "*wannēḏāʿēm*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 1st person plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and we knew them", "*waʾăḇôtênû*": "waw conjunctive + noun, masculine plural with 1st person plural suffix - and our fathers", "*sippərû-lānû*": "piel perfect, 3rd person plural + preposition with 1st person plural suffix - they recounted/told to us" }, "variants": { "*šāmaʿnû*": "we have heard/listened to/obeyed", "*wannēḏāʿēm*": "and we knew them/and we were made to know them", "*sippərû*": "recounted/told/declared/related" } } 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.4", "source": "לֹ֤א נְכַחֵ֨ד ׀ מִבְּנֵיהֶ֗ם לְד֥וֹר אַחֲר֗וֹן מְֽ֭סַפְּרִים תְּהִלּ֣וֹת יְהוָ֑ה וֶעֱזוּז֥וֹ וְ֝נִפְלְאוֹתָ֗יו אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָֽׂה׃", "text": "Not *nᵉḵaḥēḏ* from their *mibbᵉnêhem* to *lᵉḏôr* *ʾaḥărôn* *mᵉsappᵉrîm* *tᵉhillôt* *YHWH* and his *weʿĕzûzô* and his *wᵉnip̄lᵉʾôtāyw* *ʾăšer* *ʿāśâ*", "grammar": { "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*nᵉḵaḥēḏ*": "piel imperfect, 1st person plural - we will hide/conceal", "*mibbᵉnêhem*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - from their children/sons", "*lᵉḏôr*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - to/for a generation", "*ʾaḥărôn*": "adjective, masculine singular - later/coming/last", "*mᵉsappᵉrîm*": "piel participle, masculine plural - telling/recounting/declaring", "*tᵉhillôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - praises of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*weʿĕzûzô*": "waw conjunctive + noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his strength/might", "*wᵉnip̄lᵉʾôtāyw*": "waw conjunctive + noun, feminine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his wonders/marvelous deeds", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/that", "*ʿāśâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he did/made" }, "variants": { "*nᵉḵaḥēḏ*": "we will hide/conceal/withhold", "*ḏôr*": "generation/age/period/lifetime", "*ʾaḥărôn*": "later/following/coming/last", "*tᵉhillôt*": "praises/acts worthy of praise/glorious deeds", "*ʿĕzûzô*": "strength/might/power", "*nip̄lᵉʾôtāyw*": "wonders/marvelous deeds/miracles" } }
• 1 John 1:3 : 3 { "verseID": "1 John.1.3", "source": "Ὃ ἑωράκαμεν καὶ ἀκηκόαμεν ἀπαγγέλλομεν ὑμῖν, ἵνα καὶ ὑμεῖς κοινωνίαν ἔχητε μεθʼ ἡμῶν: καὶ ἡ κοινωνία δὲ ἡ ἡμετέρα μετὰ τοῦ Πατρὸς, καὶ μετὰ τοῦ Υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ.", "text": "That which we have *heōrakamen* and *akēkoamen* we *apangellomen* to you, *hina* also you *koinōnian* may *echēte* with us: and the *koinōnia* *de* the our [*hēmetera*] with the *Patros*, and with the *Huiou* of him *Iēsou Christou*.", "grammar": { "*heōrakamen*": "perfect, 1st plural, active - have seen [completed action with present relevance]", "*akēkoamen*": "perfect, 1st plural, active - have heard [completed action with present relevance]", "*apangellomen*": "present, 1st plural, active - we declare/announce [ongoing action]", "*hina*": "conjunction introducing purpose clause - so that/in order that", "*koinōnian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - fellowship/communion/participation", "*echēte*": "present subjunctive, 2nd plural, active - you may have/hold/possess", "*koinōnia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - fellowship/communion/participation", "*de*": "postpositive particle - and/but/moreover [connecting with emphasis]", "*hēmetera*": "possessive adjective, nominative, feminine, singular - our", "*Patros*": "genitive, masculine, singular - Father", "*Huiou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - Son", "*Iēsou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - Jesus", "*Christou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - Christ/Anointed One" }, "variants": { "*heōrakamen*": "have seen/perceived/experienced", "*akēkoamen*": "have heard/listened to/received by hearing", "*apangellomen*": "declare/announce/proclaim/report", "*hina*": "so that/in order that/with the purpose that", "*koinōnian*": "fellowship/communion/participation/partnership/sharing", "*echēte*": "may have/hold/possess/maintain", "*koinōnia*": "fellowship/communion/participation/partnership/sharing", "*de*": "and/but/moreover/indeed [emphasizing connection]", "*Patros*": "Father/progenitor/source", "*Huiou*": "Son/descendant/offspring", "*Iēsou*": "Jesus [personal name]", "*Christou*": "Christ/Messiah/Anointed One" } }