Verse 7

{ "verseID": "Joshua.24.7", "source": "וַיִּצְעֲק֣וּ אֶל־יְהוָ֗ה וַיָּ֨שֶׂם מֽ͏ַאֲפֵ֜ל בֵּינֵיכֶ֣ם ׀ וּבֵ֣ין הַמִּצְרִ֗ים וַיָּבֵ֨א עָלָ֤יו אֶת־הַיָּם֙ וַיְכַסֵּ֔הוּ וַתִּרְאֶ֙ינָה֙ עֵינֵיכֶ֔ם אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂ֖יתִי בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם וַתֵּשְׁב֥וּ בַמִּדְבָּ֖ר יָמִ֥ים רַבִּֽים", "text": "And *wə-yiṣ'ăqū* to-*YHWH* and *wə-yāśem* *ma'ăp̄ēl* between-*bênêḵem* and-between *hāmiṣriyim* and *wə-yāḇē'* upon-him *'eṯ*-*hayyām* and *wə-yəḵassēhū* and *wə-tir'eynāh* *'ênêḵem* *'ēṯ* which-*'ăšer*-*'āśîṯî* in-*bəmiṣrāyim* and *wə-tēšḇū* in-*ḇammidbbār* *yāmîm* *rabbîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiṣ'ăqū*": "conjunctive waw + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they cried out", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*wə-yāśem*": "conjunctive waw + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he placed", "*ma'ăp̄ēl*": "noun, masculine singular - darkness", "*bênêḵem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - between you", "*hāmiṣriyim*": "definite article + proper noun - the Egyptians", "*wə-yāḇē'*": "conjunctive waw + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he brought", "*'eṯ*": "direct object marker", "*hayyām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the sea", "*wə-yəḵassēhū*": "conjunctive waw + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and it covered him/them", "*wə-tir'eynāh*": "conjunctive waw + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - and they saw", "*'ênêḵem*": "noun, feminine dual construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your eyes", "*'ēṯ*": "direct object marker", "*'ăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*'āśîṯî*": "Qal perfect, 1st common singular - I did", "*bəmiṣrāyim*": "preposition + proper noun - in Egypt", "*wə-tēšḇū*": "conjunctive waw + Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you dwelt", "*ḇammidbbār*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the wilderness", "*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - days", "*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - many" }, "variants": { "*wə-yiṣ'ăqū*": "they cried out/called/shouted", "*wə-yāśem*": "he put/placed/established", "*ma'ăp̄ēl*": "darkness/thick darkness/gloom", "*wə-yāḇē'*": "he brought/caused to come", "*wə-yəḵassēhū*": "it covered them/covered it/overwhelmed them", "*wə-tir'eynāh*": "they saw/witnessed/observed", "*'āśîṯî*": "I did/performed/made", "*wə-tēšḇū*": "you dwelt/lived/stayed", "*ḇammidbbār*": "in the wilderness/desert", "*yāmîm* *rabbîm*": "many days/long time" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Dine fedre ropte til Herren, som satte et mørke mellom dere og egypterne. Han lot sjøen komme over dem og dekke dem, og deres egne øyne så hva jeg gjorde med egyptene. Deretter bodde dere i ørkenen i mange dager.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Og da de ropte til Herren, satte han et mørke mellom dere og egypterne, og lot havet komme over dem og dekke dem; og deres øyne så hva jeg gjorde i Egypt. Deretter bodde dere i ørkenen i lang tid.

• Norsk King James

  Og da de ropte til Herren, la han mørke mellom dere og egypterne, og førte havet over dem, og dekket dem; og deres øyne har sett hva jeg har gjort i Egypt: og dere har bodd i ørkenen lenge.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  De ropte til Herren, og han satte mørke mellom dere og egypterne. Han lot havet komme over dem, og det skjulte dem. Dere så hva jeg gjorde i Egypt; dere oppholdt dere i ørkenen i mange år.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  De ropte til Herren, og han la mørke mellom dere og egypterne og lot havet komme over dem som dekket dem. Dere så med egne øyne hva jeg gjorde i Egypt. Deretter bodde dere i ørkenen i lang tid.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Da ropte de til Herren, og han satte mørke mellom dere og egypterne. Han lot havet komme over dem og dekke dem. Dere så selv hva jeg gjorde i Egypt; og dere bodde lenge i ørkenen.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Da de ropte til Herren, satte han mørke mellom dere og egypterne, og førte havet over dem slik at de ble dekket. Dere har sett hva jeg gjorde i Egypt, og dere tilbrakte en lang tid i ørkenen.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Da ropte de til Herren, og han satte mørke mellom dere og egypterne. Han lot havet komme over dem og dekke dem. Dere så selv hva jeg gjorde i Egypt; og dere bodde lenge i ørkenen.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  De ropte til Herren, og han satte skille mellom dere og egypterne. Han førte havet over dem og dekket dem. Øynene deres så hva jeg gjorde i Egypt. Deretter bodde dere lenge i ørkenen.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Your ancestors cried out to the LORD, and He put darkness between you and the Egyptians. He brought the sea over them and covered them. Your eyes witnessed what I did to Egypt. Then you lived in the wilderness for a long time.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  De ropte til Herren, og han satte et mørke mellom dere og egypterne. Han lot havet komme over dem og dekke dem. Dere så med egne øyne hva jeg gjorde i Egypt. Dere bodde lenge i ørkenen.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Da raabte de til Herren, og han satte et Mørke imellem eder og imellem Ægypterne, og lod Havet komme over dem, og det skjulte dem, og eders Øine have seet det, som jeg gjorde i Ægypten; og I bleve i Ørken mange Aar.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And when they cried unto the LORD, he put darkness between you and the Egyptians, and brought the sea upon them, and covered them; and your eyes have seen what I have done in Egypt: and ye dwelt in the wilderness a long season.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Da de ropte til Herren, satte han mørke mellom dere og egypterne, og han førte sjøen over dem og dekket dem. Øynene deres så hva jeg gjorde i Egypt, og dere bodde i ørkenen lenge.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  And when they cried to the LORD, he put darkness between you and the Egyptians, and brought the sea upon them, and covered them; and your eyes have seen what I have done in Egypt: and you lived in the wilderness for a long time.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And when they cried unto the LORD, he put darkness between you and the Egyptians, and brought the sea upon them, and covered them; and your eyes have seen what I have done in Egypt: and ye dwelt in the wilderness a long season.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Da de ropte til Herren, satte han mørke mellom dere og egypterne, og lot havet komme over dem og dekke dem; og deres øyne har sett hva jeg gjorde i Egypt. Dere bodde i ørkenen i mange dager.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Og de ropte til Herren, og Han la et tett mørke mellom dere og egypterne, og lot havet komme over dem og dekket dem. Dere så med egne øyne hva jeg gjorde i Egypt. Så bodde dere lenge i ørkenen.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  De ropte til Herren, og han satte mørke mellom dere og egypterne, og lot havet komme over dem og dekke dem; deres egne øyne så hva jeg gjorde i Egypt; dere bodde i ørkenen i mange dager.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Og når de ropte, gjorde Herren det mørkt mellom dere og egypterne, og lot havet komme over dem, og de ble dekket av vannet; deres øyne har sett hva jeg gjorde i Egypt; så bodde dere lenge i ødemarken.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  then cryed they vnto the LORDE, which put a darcknesse betwene you and the Egipcians, and broughte the see vpon them, and ouerwhelmed them. And youre eyes haue sene what I dyd to ye Egipcians, & ye dwelt in ye wildernes a loge season.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Then they cryed vnto the Lorde, and he put a darkenesse betweene you and the Egyptians, and brought the sea vpon them, and couered them: so your eyes haue seene what I haue done in Egypt also ye dwelt in the wildernesse a long season.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And when they cryed vnto the Lord, the Lord put darcknesse betweene you and the Egyptians, and brought the sea vpon them, & couered them, and your eyes haue seene what I haue done to the Egyptians: and ye dwelt in thee wildernesse along season.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And when they cried unto the LORD, he put darkness between you and the Egyptians, and brought the sea upon them, and covered them; and your eyes have seen what I have done in Egypt: and ye dwelt in the wilderness a long season.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  When they cried out to Yahweh, he put darkness between you and the Egyptians, and brought the sea on them, and covered them; and your eyes saw what I did in Egypt: and you lived in the wilderness many days.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  and they cry unto Jehovah, and He setteth thick darkness between you and the Egyptians, and bringeth on them the sea, and covereth them, and your eyes see that which I have done in Egypt; and ye dwell in a wilderness many days.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And when they cried out unto Jehovah, he put darkness between you and the Egyptians, and brought the sea upon them, and covered them; and your eyes saw what I did in Egypt: and ye dwelt in the wilderness many days.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And at their cry, the Lord made it dark between you and the Egyptians, and made the sea go over them, covering them with its waters; your eyes have seen what I did in Egypt: then for a long time you were living in the waste land.

• World English Bible (2000)

  When they cried out to Yahweh, he put darkness between you and the Egyptians, and brought the sea on them, and covered them; and your eyes saw what I did in Egypt: and you lived in the wilderness many days.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Your fathers cried out for help to the LORD; he made the area between you and the Egyptians dark, and then drowned them in the sea. You witnessed with your very own eyes what I did in Egypt. You lived in the wilderness for a long time.

Referenced Verses

• Exod 14:20 : 20 { "verseID": "Exodus.14.20", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֞א בֵּ֣ין ׀ מַחֲנֵ֣ה מִצְרַ֗יִם וּבֵין֙ מַחֲנֵ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיְהִ֤י הֶֽעָנָן֙ וְהַחֹ֔שֶׁךְ וַיָּ֖אֶר אֶת־הַלָּ֑יְלָה וְלֹא־קָרַ֥ב זֶ֛ה אֶל־זֶ֖ה כָּל־הַלָּֽיְלָה", "text": "*wa-yyāḇōʾ* *bên* *maḥănēh* *Miṣrayim* *û-ḇên* *maḥănēh* *Yiśrāʾēl* *wa-yəhî* *he-ʿānān* *wə-ha-ḥōšeḵ* *wa-yyāʾer* *ʾeṯ*-*ha-lāylāh* *wə-lōʾ*-*qāraḇ* *zeh* *ʾel*-*zeh* *kol*-*ha-lāylāh*", "grammar": { "*wa-yyāḇōʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it came", "*bên*": "preposition - between", "*maḥănēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - camp of", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians", "*û-ḇên*": "conjunction + preposition - and between", "*maḥănēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - camp of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and there was", "*he-ʿānān*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the cloud", "*wə-ha-ḥōšeḵ*": "conjunction + article + noun, masculine singular - and the darkness", "*wa-yyāʾer*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it gave light to", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ha-lāylāh*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the night", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*qāraḇ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - approached", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - that", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all", "*ha-lāylāh*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the night" }, "variants": { "*wa-yyāḇōʾ*": "and it came/and it entered/and it went", "*wa-yəhî*": "and there was/and it became", "*he-ʿānān wə-ha-ḥōšeḵ*": "the cloud and the darkness", "*wa-yyāʾer*": "and it gave light to/and it illuminated", "*wə-lōʾ-qāraḇ*": "and did not approach/and did not come near", "*zeh ʾel-zeh*": "this to that/one to the other" } }
• Exod 14:27-28 : 27 { "verseID": "Exodus.14.27", "source": "וַיֵּט֩ מֹשֶׁ֨ה אֶת־יָד֜וֹ עַל־הַיָּ֗ם וַיָּ֨שָׁב הַיָּ֜ם לִפְנ֥וֹת בֹּ֙קֶר֙ לְאֵ֣יתָנ֔וֹ וּמִצְרַ֖יִם נָסִ֣ים לִקְרָאת֑וֹ וַיְנַעֵ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־מִצְרַ֖יִם בְּת֥וֹךְ הַיָּֽם", "text": "*wa-yyēṭ* *Mōšeh* *ʾeṯ*-*yādô* *ʿal*-*ha-yām* *wa-yyāšoḇ* *ha-yām* *li-phnôṯ* *bōqer* *lə-ʾêṯānô* *û-Miṣrayim* *nāsîm* *li-qrāʾṯô* *wa-yənaʿēr* *YHWH* *ʾeṯ*-*Miṣrayim* *bə-ṯôḵ* *ha-yām*", "grammar": { "*wa-yyēṭ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he stretched out", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*ʿal*": "preposition - over", "*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea", "*wa-yyāšoḇ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it returned", "*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea", "*li-phnôṯ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - at the turning of", "*bōqer*": "noun, masculine singular - morning", "*lə-ʾêṯānô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to its strength", "*û-Miṣrayim*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Egypt/Egyptians", "*nāsîm*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - fleeing", "*li-qrāʾṯô*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to meet it", "*wa-yənaʿēr*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he shook off", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians", "*bə-ṯôḵ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in the midst of", "*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea" }, "variants": { "*wa-yyēṭ*": "and he stretched out/and he extended", "*wa-yyāšoḇ*": "and it returned/and it came back", "*li-phnôṯ bōqer*": "at the turning of morning/at daybreak", "*lə-ʾêṯānô*": "to its strength/to its normal state/to its place", "*nāsîm*": "fleeing/running", "*li-qrāʾṯô*": "to meet it/toward it", "*wa-yənaʿēr*": "and he shook off/and he overthrew/and he tossed" } } 28 { "verseID": "Exodus.14.28", "source": "וַיָּשֻׁ֣בוּ הַמַּ֗יִם וַיְכַסּ֤וּ אֶת־הָרֶ֙כֶב֙ וְאֶת־הַפָּ֣רָשִׁ֔ים לְכֹל֙ חֵ֣יל פַּרְעֹ֔ה הַבָּאִ֥ים אַחֲרֵיהֶ֖ם בַּיָּ֑ם לֹֽא־נִשְׁאַ֥ר בָּהֶ֖ם עַד־אֶחָֽד", "text": "*wa-yyāšuḇû* *ha-mmayim* *wa-yəḵassû* *ʾeṯ*-*hā-reḵeḇ* *wə-ʾeṯ*-*ha-ppārāšîm* *lə-ḵōl* *ḥêl* *Parʿōh* *ha-bbāʾîm* *ʾaḥărêhem* *ba-yyām* *lōʾ*-*nišʾar* *bāhem* *ʿad*-*ʾeḥād*", "grammar": { "*wa-yyāšuḇû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they returned", "*ha-mmayim*": "article + noun, masculine plural - the waters", "*wa-yəḵassû*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they covered", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*hā-reḵeḇ*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the chariots", "*wə-ʾeṯ*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*ha-ppārāšîm*": "article + noun, masculine plural - the horsemen", "*lə-ḵōl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - for all", "*ḥêl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - army of", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*ha-bbāʾîm*": "article + Qal participle, masculine plural - the ones coming", "*ʾaḥărêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - after them", "*ba-yyām*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine singular - in the sea", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*nišʾar*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - remained", "*bāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - among them", "*ʿad*": "preposition - even", "*ʾeḥād*": "numeral, masculine singular - one" }, "variants": { "*wa-yyāšuḇû*": "and they returned/and they came back", "*wa-yəḵassû*": "and they covered/and they overwhelmed", "*hā-reḵeḇ*": "the chariots/the chariotry", "*ha-bbāʾîm*": "who came/who had come/who were coming", "*lōʾ-nišʾar*": "there remained not/there was not left", "*ʿad-ʾeḥād*": "even one/so much as one" } }
• Deut 4:34 : 34 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.34", "source": "א֣וֹ ׀ הֲנִסָּ֣ה אֱלֹהִ֗ים לָ֠בוֹא לָקַ֨חַת ל֣וֹ גוֹי֮ מִקֶּ֣רֶב גּוֹי֒ בְּמַסֹּת֩ בְּאֹתֹ֨ת וּבְמוֹפְתִ֜ים וּבְמִלְחָמָ֗ה וּבְיָ֤ד חֲזָקָה֙ וּבִזְר֣וֹעַ נְטוּיָ֔ה וּבְמוֹרָאִ֖ים גְּדֹלִ֑ים כְּ֠כֹל אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֨ה לָכֶ֜ם יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֛ם בְּמִצְרַ֖יִם לְעֵינֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "Or *hănissāh* *ʾĕlōhîm* *lāḇôʾ* *lāqaḥaṯ* to-him *gôy* from-*qereḇ* *gôy* by-*massōṯ* by-*ʾōṯōṯ* and-by-*môp̄əṯîm* and-by-*milḥāmāh* and-by-*yāḏ* *ḥăzāqāh* and-by-*zərôaʿ* *nəṭûyāh* and-by-*môrāʾîm* *gəḏōlîm*, like-all which-*ʿāśāh* for-you(plural) *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêḵem* in-*miṣrayim* to-*ʿêneḵā*?", "grammar": { "*hănissāh*": "interrogative particle + verb, Piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has attempted?", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - God/gods", "*lāḇôʾ*": "preposition + verb, Qal infinitive construct - to come", "*lāqaḥaṯ*": "preposition + verb, Qal infinitive construct - to take", "*gôy*": "masculine singular noun - nation", "*qereḇ*": "masculine singular construct - midst of", "*massōṯ*": "feminine plural noun - trials/testings", "*ʾōṯōṯ*": "masculine plural noun - signs", "*môp̄əṯîm*": "masculine plural noun - wonders/miracles", "*milḥāmāh*": "feminine singular noun - war/battle", "*yāḏ*": "feminine singular noun - hand", "*ḥăzāqāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - strong", "*zərôaʿ*": "feminine singular noun - arm", "*nəṭûyāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - outstretched", "*môrāʾîm*": "masculine plural noun - fears/terrors", "*gəḏōlîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - great", "*ʿāśāh*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he did/made", "*ʾĕlōhêḵem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your God", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*ʿêneḵā*": "feminine dual noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your eyes" }, "variants": { "*nissāh*": "to test/try/attempt", "*lāḇôʾ*": "to come/enter/arrive", "*lāqaḥaṯ*": "to take/get/fetch", "*gôy*": "nation/people/gentiles", "*qereḇ*": "midst/among/within", "*massōṯ*": "trials/tests/temptations", "*ʾōṯōṯ*": "signs/tokens/omens", "*môp̄əṯîm*": "wonders/miracles/portents", "*milḥāmāh*": "war/battle/fighting", "*yāḏ*": "hand/power/means", "*ḥăzāqāh*": "strong/mighty/firm", "*zərôaʿ*": "arm/strength/power", "*nəṭûyāh*": "outstretched/extended", "*môrāʾîm*": "fears/terrors/dreadful acts", "*ʿāśāh*": "to do/make/accomplish" } }
• Deut 29:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.29.2", "source": "הַמַּסּוֹת֙ הַגְּדֹלֹ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר רָא֖וּ עֵינֶ֑יךָ הָאֹתֹ֧ת וְהַמֹּפְתִ֛ים הַגְּדֹלִ֖ים הָהֵֽם׃", "text": "The-*massôt* the-*gᵉdōlōt* that *rāʾû* *ʿêneyḵā* the-*ʾōtōt* and-the-*môp̄etîm* the-*gᵉdōlîm* the-those.", "grammar": { "*massôt*": "noun feminine plural construct - trials/testings", "*gᵉdōlōt*": "adjective feminine plural - great/large", "*rāʾû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they saw", "*ʿêneyḵā*": "noun feminine dual construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your eyes", "*ʾōtōt*": "noun common plural - signs", "*môp̄etîm*": "noun masculine plural - wonders/portents", "*gᵉdōlîm*": "adjective masculine plural - great/large" }, "variants": { "*massôt*": "trials/tests/temptations", "*ʾōtōt*": "signs/tokens/proofs", "*môp̄etîm*": "wonders/miracles/portents" } }
• Josh 5:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Joshua.5.6", "source": "כִּ֣י ׀ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֗ה הָלְכ֣וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֮ בַּמִּדְבָּר֒ עַד־תֹּ֨ם כָּל־הַגּ֜וֹי אַנְשֵׁ֤י הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ הַיֹּצְאִ֣ים מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־שָׁמְע֖וּ בְּק֣וֹל יְהוָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִשְׁבַּ֤ע יְהוָה֙ לָהֶ֔ם לְבִלְתִּ֞י הַרְאוֹתָ֣ם אֶת־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֩ נִשְׁבַּ֨ע יְהוָ֤ה לֽ͏ַאֲבוֹתָם֙ לָ֣תֶת לָ֔נוּ אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָֽשׁ׃", "text": "For *ʾarbāʿîm* *šānâ* *hāləḵû* *bənê-yiśrāʾēl* in *hammiḏbār* until *tōm* all *haggôy* *ʾanšê* *hammilḥāmâ* *hayyōṣəʾîm* from *miṣrayim* who not *šāməʿû* to *qôl* *YHWH*, who *nišbaʿ* *YHWH* to them to not *harʾôṯām* *ʾeṯ* *hāʾāreṣ* which *nišbaʿ* *YHWH* to *ʾăḇôṯām* to give to us, *ʾereṣ* *zāḇaṯ* *ḥālāḇ* *ûḏəḇāš*.", "grammar": { "*ʾarbāʿîm*": "cardinal number - forty", "*šānâ*": "noun feminine singular - year", "*hāləḵû*": "3rd common plural qal perfect - they walked", "*bənê-yiśrāʾēl*": "construct chain - sons of Israel", "*hammiḏbār*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the wilderness", "*tōm*": "infinitive construct - completion of", "*haggôy*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the nation", "*ʾanšê*": "noun masculine plural construct - men of", "*hammilḥāmâ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the war/battle", "*hayyōṣəʾîm*": "definite article + participle masculine plural qal - the ones coming out", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*šāməʿû*": "3rd common plural qal perfect - they listened/obeyed", "*qôl*": "noun masculine singular construct - voice of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*nišbaʿ*": "3rd masculine singular niphal perfect - he swore", "*harʾôṯām*": "hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to show them", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the land", "*ʾăḇôṯām*": "noun masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their fathers", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun feminine singular construct - land of", "*zāḇaṯ*": "qal participle feminine singular construct - flowing with", "*ḥālāḇ*": "noun masculine singular - milk", "*ûḏəḇāš*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular - and honey" }, "variants": { "*hāləḵû*": "they walked/traveled/journeyed", "*tōm*": "completion/end/finishing", "*haggôy*": "the nation/people/community", "*ʾanšê*": "men of/warriors of", "*hammilḥāmâ*": "the war/battle/fighting", "*hayyōṣəʾîm*": "the ones coming out/exiting/departing", "*šāməʿû*": "they listened/heard/obeyed", "*qôl*": "voice/sound/command", "*nišbaʿ*": "he swore/promised/took an oath", "*harʾôṯām*": "to show them/to cause them to see", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "the land/earth/ground", "*ʾăḇôṯām*": "their fathers/ancestors/forefathers", "*zāḇaṯ*": "flowing with/oozing with", "*ḥālāḇ*": "milk/dairy", "*ûḏəḇāš*": "and honey/sweetness" } }
• Exod 14:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Exodus.14.10", "source": "וּפַרְעֹ֖ה הִקְרִ֑יב וַיִּשְׂאוּ֩ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֨ל אֶת־עֵינֵיהֶ֜ם וְהִנֵּ֥ה מִצְרַ֣יִם ׀ נֹסֵ֣עַ אַחֲרֵיהֶ֗ם וַיִּֽירְאוּ֙ מְאֹ֔ד וַיִּצְעֲק֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֶל־יְהוָֽה", "text": "*û-Pharʿōh* *hiqrîḇ* *wa-yiśśəʾû* *ḇnê*-*Yiśrāʾēl* *ʾeṯ*-*ʿênêhem* *wə-hinnēh* *Miṣrayim* *nōsēaʿ* *ʾaḥărêhem* *wa-yyîrəʾû* *məʾōd* *wa-yyiṣʿăqû* *ḇnê*-*Yiśrāʾēl* *ʾel*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*û-Pharʿōh*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Pharaoh", "*hiqrîḇ*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - drew near", "*wa-yiśśəʾû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they lifted up", "*ḇnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ʿênêhem*": "noun, feminine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their eyes", "*wə-hinnēh*": "conjunction + interjection - and behold", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians", "*nōsēaʿ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - journeying/traveling", "*ʾaḥărêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - after them", "*wa-yyîrəʾû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they were afraid", "*məʾōd*": "adverb - very much", "*wa-yyiṣʿăqû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they cried out", "*ḇnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD" }, "variants": { "*hiqrîḇ*": "drew near/approached", "*wa-yiśśəʾû*": "and they lifted up/and they raised", "*nōsēaʿ*": "journeying/marching/advancing (singular form with collective meaning)", "*wa-yyîrəʾû*": "and they were afraid/and they feared", "*wa-yyiṣʿăqû*": "and they cried out/and they called out" } }
• Neh 9:12-21 : 12 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.12", "source": "וּבְעַמּ֣וּד עָנָ֔ן הִנְחִיתָ֖ם יוֹמָ֑ם וּבְעַמּ֥וּד אֵשׁ֙ לַ֔יְלָה לְהָאִ֣יר לָהֶ֔ם אֶת־הַדֶּ֖רֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֵֽלְכוּ־בָֽהּ׃", "text": "And in *ʿammûd* *ʿānān* *hinḥîtām* *yômām*, and in *ʿammûd* *ʾēš* *laylâ* to *ləhāʾîr* to them *ʾet*-the *dereḵ* which *yēləḵû*-in it.", "grammar": { "*ʿammûd*": "masculine singular construct - pillar of", "*ʿānān*": "masculine singular - cloud", "*hinḥîtām*": "hiphil perfect 2nd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - you led them", "*yômām*": "adverb - by day", "*ʿammûd*": "masculine singular construct - pillar of", "*ʾēš*": "feminine singular - fire", "*laylâ*": "masculine singular - night", "*ləhāʾîr*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to give light", "*dereḵ*": "masculine singular - way/road", "*yēləḵû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they will go/walk" }, "variants": { "*ʿammûd*": "pillar/column", "*ʿānān*": "cloud/mass of clouds", "*hinḥîtām*": "you led them/guided them/directed them", "*yômām*": "by day/daytime", "*ʾēš*": "fire/flame", "*laylâ*": "night/nighttime", "*ləhāʾîr*": "to give light/illuminate/shine", "*dereḵ*": "way/road/path/journey", "*yēləḵû*": "they will go/walk/travel" } } 13 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.13", "source": "וְעַ֤ל הַר־סִינַי֙ יָרַ֔דְתָּ וְדַבֵּ֥ר עִמָּהֶ֖ם מִשָּׁמָ֑יִם וַתִּתֵּ֨ן לָהֶ֜ם מִשְׁפָּטִ֤ים יְשָׁרִים֙ וְתוֹר֣וֹת אֱמֶ֔ת חֻקִּ֥ים וּמִצְוֺ֖ת טוֹבִֽים׃", "text": "And upon *har*-*Sînay* *yāradtā* and *dabbēr* with them from *šāmāyim*, and *wattittēn* to them *mišpāṭîm* *yəšārîm* and *tôrôt* *ʾĕmet*, *ḥuqqîm* and *miṣwōt* *ṭôḇîm*.", "grammar": { "*har*": "masculine singular construct - mountain of", "*Sînay*": "proper noun - Sinai", "*yāradtā*": "qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you came down", "*dabbēr*": "piel infinitive construct - to speak", "*šāmāyim*": "masculine plural - heavens", "*wattittēn*": "qal imperfect consecutive 2nd person masculine singular - and you gave", "*mišpāṭîm*": "masculine plural - judgments/ordinances", "*yəšārîm*": "adjective masculine plural - upright/straight", "*tôrôt*": "feminine plural construct - laws/instructions of", "*ʾĕmet*": "feminine singular - truth", "*ḥuqqîm*": "masculine plural - statutes", "*miṣwōt*": "feminine plural - commandments", "*ṭôḇîm*": "adjective masculine plural - good" }, "variants": { "*har*": "mountain/hill", "*yāradtā*": "you came down/descended", "*dabbēr*": "to speak/talk/declare", "*šāmāyim*": "heavens/sky", "*wattittēn*": "you gave/provided/granted", "*mišpāṭîm*": "judgments/ordinances/regulations/laws", "*yəšārîm*": "upright/straight/just/right", "*tôrôt*": "laws/instructions/teachings", "*ʾĕmet*": "truth/faithfulness/reliability", "*ḥuqqîm*": "statutes/decrees/ordinances", "*miṣwōt*": "commandments/precepts/orders", "*ṭôḇîm*": "good/pleasant/beneficial" } } 14 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.14", "source": "וְאֶת־שַׁבַּ֥ת קָדְשְׁךָ֖ הוֹדַ֣עַ‪[t]‬תָ לָהֶ֑ם וּמִצְו֤וֹת וְחֻקִּים֙ וְתוֹרָ֔ה צִוִּ֣יתָ לָהֶ֔ם בְּיַ֖ד מֹשֶׁ֥ה עַבְדֶּֽךָ׃", "text": "*wə-ʾet-šabbat qodšəḵā hodaʿtā lahem wə-miṣwot wə-ḥuqqim wə-tôrāh ṣiwwîtā lahem bəyad mōšeh ʿabdəḵā", "grammar": { "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*šabbat*": "construct state, feminine singular - sabbath of", "*qodšəḵā*": "noun + 2ms possessive suffix - your holiness/sanctity", "*hodaʿtā*": "hiphil perfect, 2ms - you made known", "*lahem*": "preposition + 3mp suffix - to them", "*wə-miṣwot*": "conjunction + noun, feminine plural construct - and commandments of", "*wə-ḥuqqim*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural - and statutes", "*wə-tôrāh*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and law/instruction", "*ṣiwwîtā*": "piel perfect, 2ms - you commanded", "*bəyad*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - by the hand of", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʿabdəḵā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2ms possessive suffix - your servant" }, "variants": { "*šabbat qodšəḵā*": "your holy sabbath/your sabbath of holiness", "*hodaʿtā*": "made known/revealed/informed", "*miṣwot*": "commandments/precepts", "*ḥuqqim*": "statutes/decrees/ordinances", "*tôrāh*": "law/instruction/teaching", "*bəyad*": "by the hand of/through/by means of" } } 15 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.15", "source": "וְ֠לֶחֶם מִשָּׁמַ֜יִם נָתַ֤תָּה לָהֶם֙ לִרְעָבָ֔ם וּמַ֗יִם מִסֶּ֛לַע הוֹצֵ֥אתָ לָהֶ֖ם לִצְמָאָ֑ם וַתֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֗ם לָבוֹא֙ לָרֶ֣שֶׁת אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־נָשָׂ֥אתָ אֶת־יָדְךָ֖ לָתֵ֥ת לָהֶֽם׃", "text": "*wə-leḥem miššāmayim nātattā lahem lirʿābām wə-mayim misselaʿ hôṣēʾtā lahem liṣmāʾām wattōʾmer lahem lābôʾ lārešet ʾet-hāʾāreṣ ʾăšer-nāśāʾtā ʾet-yādəḵā lātēt lahem", "grammar": { "*wə-leḥem*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and bread", "*miššāmayim*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - from heaven", "*nātattā*": "qal perfect, 2ms - you gave", "*lahem*": "preposition + 3mp suffix - to them", "*lirʿābām*": "preposition + noun + 3mp suffix - for their hunger", "*wə-mayim*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural - and water", "*misselaʿ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from rock", "*hôṣēʾtā*": "hiphil perfect, 2ms - you brought out", "*liṣmāʾām*": "preposition + noun + 3mp suffix - for their thirst", "*wattōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2ms - and you said", "*lābôʾ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to come", "*lārešet*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to possess/inherit", "*ʾet-hāʾāreṣ*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*nāśāʾtā*": "qal perfect, 2ms - you lifted up", "*ʾet-yādəḵā*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular + 2ms suffix - your hand", "*lātēt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to give", "*lahem*": "preposition + 3mp suffix - to them" }, "variants": { "*leḥem miššāmayim*": "bread from heaven/heavenly bread/manna", "*nātattā*": "gave/provided/supplied", "*selaʿ*": "rock/stone/cliff", "*hôṣēʾtā*": "brought out/produced/caused to come forth", "*lābôʾ lārešet*": "to come to possess/to enter to inherit", "*nāśāʾtā ʾet-yādəḵā*": "you lifted your hand/you swore (an oath gesture)" } } 16 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.16", "source": "וְהֵ֥ם וַאֲבֹתֵ֖ינוּ הֵזִ֑ידוּ וַיַּקְשׁוּ֙ אֶת־עָרְפָּ֔ם וְלֹ֥א שָׁמְע֖וּ אֶל־מִצְוֺתֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "*wə-hēm waʾăbōtênû hēzîdû wayyaqšû ʾet-ʿorpām wə-lōʾ šāməʿû ʾel-miṣwōteyḵā", "grammar": { "*wə-hēm*": "conjunction + 3mp pronoun - and they", "*waʾăbōtênû*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural + 1cp suffix - and our fathers", "*hēzîdû*": "hiphil perfect, 3cp - they acted presumptuously/proudly", "*wayyaqšû*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3mp - and they hardened", "*ʾet-ʿorpām*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular + 3mp suffix - their neck", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*šāməʿû*": "qal perfect, 3cp - they listened/obeyed", "*ʾel-miṣwōteyḵā*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural + 2ms suffix - to your commandments" }, "variants": { "*hēzîdû*": "acted presumptuously/became proud/were insolent", "*wayyaqšû ʾet-ʿorpām*": "hardened their necks/became stubborn/stiffened their necks", "*šāməʿû*": "listened/obeyed/heeded" } } 17 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.17", "source": "וַיְמָאֲנ֣וּ לִשְׁמֹ֗עַ וְלֹא־זָכְר֤וּ נִפְלְאֹתֶ֙יךָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֣יתָ עִמָּהֶ֔ם וַיַּקְשׁוּ֙ אֶת־עָרְפָּ֔ם וַיִּתְּנוּ־רֹ֛אשׁ לָשׁ֥וּב לְעַבְדֻתָ֖ם בְּמִרְיָ֑ם וְאַתָּה֩ אֱל֨וֹהַּ סְלִיח֜וֹת חַנּ֧וּן וְרַח֛וּם אֶֽרֶךְ־אַפַּ֥יִם וְרַב־חֶ֖סֶד וְלֹ֥א עֲזַבְתָּֽם׃", "text": "*wayməʾănû lišmōaʿ wə-lōʾ-zāḵərû niplə'ōteyḵā ʾăšer ʿāśîtā ʿimmāhem wayyaqšû ʾet-ʿorpām wayyittənû-rōʾš lāšûb ləʿabdutām bəmiryām wə-ʾattāh ʾĕlôah səlîḥôt ḥannûn wə-raḥûm ʾereḵ-ʾappayim wə-rab-ḥesed wə-lōʾ ʿăzabtām", "grammar": { "*wayməʾănû*": "conjunction + piel imperfect, 3mp - and they refused", "*lišmōaʿ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to hear/listen", "*wə-lōʾ-zāḵərû*": "conjunction + negative particle + qal perfect, 3mp - and they did not remember", "*niplə'ōteyḵā*": "noun, feminine plural + 2ms suffix - your wonders", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*ʿāśîtā*": "qal perfect, 2ms - you did/performed", "*ʿimmāhem*": "preposition + 3mp suffix - with them", "*wayyaqšû*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3mp - and they hardened", "*ʾet-ʿorpām*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular + 3mp suffix - their neck", "*wayyittənû-rōʾš*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3mp + noun, masculine singular - and they appointed a head", "*lāšûb*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to return", "*ləʿabdutām*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 3mp suffix - to their bondage/slavery", "*bəmiryām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3mp suffix - in their rebellion", "*wə-ʾattāh*": "conjunction + 2ms pronoun - and you", "*ʾĕlôah*": "noun, masculine singular - God", "*səlîḥôt*": "noun, feminine plural - forgivenesses", "*ḥannûn*": "adjective, masculine singular - gracious", "*wə-raḥûm*": "conjunction + adjective, masculine singular - and merciful", "*ʾereḵ-ʾappayim*": "adjective + noun, masculine dual - slow to anger/long of nostrils", "*wə-rab-ḥesed*": "conjunction + adjective + noun - and abundant in lovingkindness", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ʿăzabtām*": "qal perfect, 2ms + 3mp suffix - you forsook them" }, "variants": { "*wayməʾănû*": "refused/declined/were unwilling", "*niplə'ōteyḵā*": "your wonders/your miracles/your marvelous works", "*wayyittənû-rōʾš*": "appointed a head/set a leader/made a decision", "*lāšûb ləʿabdutām*": "to return to their bondage/to go back to slavery/to return to servitude", "*bəmiryām*": "in their rebellion/in their defiance/in their disobedience", "*ʾĕlôah səlîḥôt*": "God of forgivenesses/forgiving God", "*ḥannûn wə-raḥûm*": "gracious and merciful/compassionate and kind", "*ʾereḵ-ʾappayim*": "slow to anger/patient/long-suffering", "*rab-ḥesed*": "abundant in lovingkindness/great in mercy/full of steadfast love" } } 18 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.18", "source": "אַ֗ף כִּֽי־עָשׂ֤וּ לָהֶם֙ עֵ֣גֶל מַסֵּכָ֔ה וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ זֶ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶעֶלְךָ֖ מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם וֽ͏ַיַּעֲשׂ֔וּ נֶאָצ֖וֹת גְּדֹלֽוֹת׃", "text": "*ʾap kî-ʿāśû lahem ʿēgel massēḵāh wayyōʾmərû zeh ʾĕlōheyḵā ʾăšer heʿelḵā mimmiṣrāyim wayyaʿăśû neʾāṣôt gədōlôt", "grammar": { "*ʾap*": "conjunction/particle - even/moreover/indeed", "*kî*": "conjunction - that/when/because", "*ʿāśû*": "qal perfect, 3cp - they made", "*lahem*": "preposition + 3mp suffix - for themselves", "*ʿēgel*": "noun, masculine singular - calf", "*massēḵāh*": "noun, feminine singular - molten image/cast idol", "*wayyōʾmərû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3mp - and they said", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*ʾĕlōheyḵā*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2ms suffix - your God (plural form, singular meaning)", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who", "*heʿelḵā*": "hiphil perfect, 3ms + 2ms suffix - brought you up", "*mimmiṣrāyim*": "preposition + proper noun - from Egypt", "*wayyaʿăśû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3mp - and they committed", "*neʾāṣôt*": "noun, feminine plural - blasphemies/provocations", "*gədōlôt*": "adjective, feminine plural - great" }, "variants": { "*ʾap kî*": "even though/moreover/indeed when", "*ʿēgel massēḵāh*": "molten calf/cast image of a calf", "*ʾĕlōheyḵā*": "your god(s)/your deity", "*heʿelḵā*": "brought you up/led you out/raised you", "*neʾāṣôt*": "blasphemies/provocations/contemptuous acts" } } 19 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.19", "source": "וְאַתָּה֙ בְּרַחֲמֶ֣יךָ הָֽרַבִּ֔ים לֹ֥א עֲזַבְתָּ֖ם בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר אֶת־עַמּ֣וּד הֶ֠עָנָן לֹא־סָ֨ר מֵעֲלֵיהֶ֤ם בְּיוֹמָם֙ לְהַנְחֹתָ֣ם בְּהַדֶּ֔רֶךְ וְאֶת־עַמּ֨וּד הָאֵ֤שׁ בְּלַ֙יְלָה֙ לְהָאִ֣יר לָהֶ֔ם וְאֶת־הַדֶּ֖רֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֵֽלְכוּ־בָֽהּ׃", "text": "*wə-ʾattāh bəraḥămeyḵā hārabbîm lōʾ ʿăzabtām bammidbar ʾet-ʿammûd heʿānān lōʾ-sār mēʿălêhem bəyômām ləhanḥōtām bəhadareḵ wə-ʾet-ʿammûd hāʾēš bəlaylāh ləhāʾîr lahem wə-ʾet-hadareḵ ʾăšer yēlḵû-bāh", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾattāh*": "conjunction + 2ms pronoun - and you", "*bəraḥămeyḵā*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural + 2ms suffix - in your mercies", "*hārabbîm*": "definite article + adjective, masculine plural - the many/great", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʿăzabtām*": "qal perfect, 2ms + 3mp suffix - you abandoned them", "*bammidbar*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the wilderness", "*ʾet-ʿammûd*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular construct - the pillar of", "*heʿānān*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the cloud", "*lōʾ-sār*": "negative particle + qal perfect, 3ms - did not depart", "*mēʿălêhem*": "preposition + preposition + 3mp suffix - from over them", "*bəyômām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3mp suffix - in their day/by day", "*ləhanḥōtām*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct + 3mp suffix - to guide them", "*bəhadareḵ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the way", "*wə-ʾet-ʿammûd*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun, masculine singular construct - and the pillar of", "*hāʾēš*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the fire", "*bəlaylāh*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - in the night", "*ləhāʾîr*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to illuminate", "*lahem*": "preposition + 3mp suffix - for them", "*wə-ʾet-hadareḵ*": "conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + noun, masculine singular - and the way", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*yēlḵû-bāh*": "qal imperfect, 3mp + preposition + 3fs suffix - they would walk in it" }, "variants": { "*bəraḥămeyḵā hārabbîm*": "in your great mercies/in your abundant compassion", "*ʿammûd heʿānān*": "pillar of cloud/cloud column", "*ləhanḥōtām*": "to guide them/to lead them/to direct them", "*ʿammûd hāʾēš*": "pillar of fire/fire column", "*ləhāʾîr*": "to illuminate/to give light/to shine" } } 20 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.20", "source": "וְרוּחֲךָ֙ הַטּוֹבָ֔ה נָתַ֖תָּ לְהַשְׂכִּילָ֑ם וּמַנְךָ֙ לֹא־מָנַ֣עְתָּ מִפִּיהֶ֔ם וּמַ֛יִם נָתַ֥תָּה לָהֶ֖ם לִצְמָאָֽם׃", "text": "*wə-rûḥăḵā haṭṭôbāh nātattā ləhaśkîlām wə-manḵā lōʾ-mānaʿtā mippîhem wə-mayim nātattā lahem liṣmāʾām", "grammar": { "*wə-rûḥăḵā*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular + 2ms suffix - and your spirit", "*haṭṭôbāh*": "definite article + adjective, feminine singular - the good", "*nātattā*": "qal perfect, 2ms - you gave", "*ləhaśkîlām*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct + 3mp suffix - to instruct them", "*wə-manḵā*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 2ms suffix - and your manna", "*lōʾ-mānaʿtā*": "negative particle + qal perfect, 2ms - you did not withhold", "*mippîhem*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3mp suffix - from their mouth", "*wə-mayim*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural - and water", "*nātattā*": "qal perfect, 2ms - you gave", "*lahem*": "preposition + 3mp suffix - to them", "*liṣmāʾām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3mp suffix - for their thirst" }, "variants": { "*rûḥăḵā haṭṭôbāh*": "your good spirit/your beneficent spirit", "*ləhaśkîlām*": "to instruct them/to make them wise/to give them understanding", "*manḵā*": "your manna/your heavenly bread", "*mānaʿtā mippîhem*": "withheld from their mouth/kept from them" } } 21 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.21", "source": "וְאַרְבָּעִ֥ים שָׁנָ֛ה כִּלְכַּלְתָּ֥ם בַּמִּדְבָּ֖ר לֹ֣א חָסֵ֑רוּ שַׂלְמֹֽתֵיהֶם֙ לֹ֣א בָל֔וּ וְרַגְלֵיהֶ֖ם לֹ֥א בָצֵֽקוּ׃", "text": "*wə-ʾarbāʿîm šānāh kilkaltām bammidbar lōʾ ḥāsērû śalmōtêhem lōʾ bālû wə-raglêhem lōʾ bāṣēqû", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾarbāʿîm*": "conjunction + cardinal number - and forty", "*šānāh*": "noun, feminine singular - year", "*kilkaltām*": "pilpel perfect, 2ms + 3mp suffix - you sustained them", "*bammidbar*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the wilderness", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ḥāsērû*": "qal perfect, 3cp - they lacked", "*śalmōtêhem*": "noun, feminine plural + 3mp suffix - their garments", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*bālû*": "qal perfect, 3cp - they wore out", "*wə-raglêhem*": "conjunction + noun, feminine dual + 3mp suffix - and their feet", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*bāṣēqû*": "qal perfect, 3cp - they swelled" }, "variants": { "*kilkaltām*": "sustained them/maintained them/provided for them", "*ḥāsērû*": "lacked/were in need/wanted", "*bālû*": "wore out/became ragged/deteriorated", "*bāṣēqû*": "swelled/became swollen/blistered" } }
• Ps 95:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "Psalms.95.9", "source": "אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִ֭סּוּנִי אֲבוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם בְּ֝חָנ֗וּנִי גַּם־רָא֥וּ פָעֳלֽ͏ִי", "text": "*ʾăšer* *nissûnî* your-*ʾăbôtêkem* *beḥānûnî* also-*rāʾû* *pāʿolî*", "grammar": { "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - when/where", "*nissûnî*": "perfect, 3rd person common plural, piel with 1st person singular suffix - they tested me", "*ʾăbôtêkem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your fathers", "*beḥānûnî*": "perfect, 3rd person common plural, qal with 1st person singular suffix - they tried me", "*rāʾû*": "perfect, 3rd person common plural, qal - they saw", "*pāʿolî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my work" }, "variants": { "*ʾăšer*": "when/where/which", "*nissûnî*": "tested me/tried me/put me to the test", "*ʾăbôtêkem*": "your fathers/your ancestors", "*beḥānûnî*": "tried me/tested me/proved me", "*rāʾû*": "saw/perceived/observed", "*pāʿolî*": "my work/my deed/my action" } } 10 { "verseID": "Psalms.95.10", "source": "אַרְבָּ֘עִ֤ים שָׁנָ֨ה ׀ אָ֘ק֤וּט בְּד֗וֹר וָאֹמַ֗ר עַ֤ם תֹּעֵ֣י לֵבָ֣ב הֵ֑ם וְ֝הֵ֗ם לֹא־יָדְע֥וּ דְרָכָֽי", "text": "*ʾarbāʿîm* *šānâ* *ʾāqûṭ* with-*dôr* and-*ʾōmar* *ʿam* *tōʿê* *lēbāb* they and-they not-*yādĕʿû* *dĕrākāy*", "grammar": { "*ʾarbāʿîm*": "cardinal number - forty", "*šānâ*": "feminine singular noun - year", "*ʾāqûṭ*": "imperfect, 1st person singular, qal - I loathed/was disgusted", "*dôr*": "masculine singular noun with prefixed preposition bet - with generation", "*ʾōmar*": "imperfect with waw consecutive, 1st person singular, qal - and I said", "*ʿam*": "masculine singular noun - people", "*tōʿê*": "masculine plural participle, qal - erring/wandering", "*lēbāb*": "masculine singular noun - heart", "*yādĕʿû*": "perfect, 3rd person common plural, qal with negative particle - they did not know", "*dĕrākāy*": "feminine plural noun with 1st person singular suffix - my ways" }, "variants": { "*ʾarbāʿîm*": "forty", "*šānâ*": "year", "*ʾāqûṭ*": "loathed/was disgusted/was grieved", "*dôr*": "generation/period/age", "*ʾōmar*": "said/declared/spoke", "*ʿam*": "people/nation", "*tōʿê*": "erring/wandering/going astray", "*lēbāb*": "heart/mind/inner self", "*yādĕʿû*": "knew/understood/experienced", "*dĕrākāy*": "my ways/my paths/my methods" } }
• Acts 13:17-18 : 17 { "verseID": "Acts.13.17", "source": "Ὁ Θεὸς τοῦ λαοῦ τούτου Ἰσραὴλ ἐξελέξατο τοὺς πατέρας ἡμῶν, καὶ τὸν λαὸν ὕψωσεν ἐν τῇ παροικίᾳ ἐν γῇ Αἰγύπτῳ, καὶ μετὰ βραχίονος ὑψηλοῦ ἐξήγαγεν αὐτοὺς ἐξ αὐτῆς.", "text": "The *Theos* of the *laou* *toutou* *Israēl* *exelexato* the *pateras* of us, and the *laon* *hypsōsen* in the *paroikia* in *gē* *Aigyptō*, and with *brachionos* *hypsēlou* *exēgagen* them out of it.", "grammar": { "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*laou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of people", "*toutou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of this", "*Israēl*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of Israel", "*exelexato*": "aorist middle indicative, 3rd person singular - chose", "*pateras*": "accusative, masculine, plural - fathers", "*hēmōn*": "genitive, plural - of us", "*laon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - people", "*hypsōsen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - exalted", "*paroikia*": "dative, feminine, singular - sojourn/dwelling", "*gē*": "dative, feminine, singular - land", "*Aigyptō*": "dative, feminine, singular - Egypt", "*meta*": "preposition - with", "*brachionos*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of arm", "*hypsēlou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of high/uplifted", "*exēgagen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - led out", "*autous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - them", "*ex*": "preposition - out of", "*autēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of it" }, "variants": { "*Theos*": "God/deity", "*laou*": "people/nation", "*toutou*": "this/this one", "*exelexato*": "chose/selected/elected", "*pateras*": "fathers/ancestors", "*hypsōsen*": "exalted/raised up/made great", "*paroikia*": "sojourn/temporary dwelling/residence as foreigners", "*gē*": "land/earth/ground", "*brachionos*": "arm/power/strength", "*hypsēlou*": "high/uplifted/exalted", "*exēgagen*": "led out/brought out" } } 18 { "verseID": "Acts.13.18", "source": "Καὶ ὡς τεσσαρακονταετῆ χρόνον ἐτροποφόρησεν αὐτοὺς ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ.", "text": "And for about *tessarakontaetē* *chronon* *etropophōrēsen* them in the *erēmō*.", "grammar": { "*hōs*": "adverb - about/approximately", "*tessarakontaetē*": "accusative, masculine, singular - forty-year", "*chronon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - time/period", "*etropophōrēsen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - bore with their manners", "*autous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - them", "*en*": "preposition - in", "*erēmō*": "dative, feminine, singular - wilderness" }, "variants": { "*hōs*": "about/approximately/as", "*tessarakontaetē*": "forty-year", "*chronon*": "time/period", "*etropophōrēsen*": "bore with their manners/endured their conduct/cared for them like a nurse", "*erēmō*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited region" } }
• Heb 3:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Hebrews.3.17", "source": "Τίσιν δὲ προσώχθισεν τεσσαράκοντα ἔτη; οὐχὶ τοῖς ἁμαρτήσασιν, ὧν τὰ κῶλα ἔπεσεν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ;", "text": "With *tisin* *de* *prosōchthisen* *tessarakonta* *etē*? *ouchi* with the ones *hamartēsasin*, of whom the *kōla* *epesen* in the *erēmō*?", "grammar": { "*tisin*": "interrogative pronoun, dative, masculine, plural - with whom?", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and", "*prosōchthisen*": "aorist indicative, 3rd person singular - he was displeased/angry", "*tessarakonta*": "numeral - forty", "*etē*": "accusative, neuter, plural - years", "*ouchi*": "negative interrogative particle - not?", "*hamartēsasin*": "aorist active participle, dative, masculine, plural - with those who sinned", "*kōla*": "nominative, neuter, plural - bodies/limbs/corpses", "*epesen*": "aorist indicative, 3rd person singular - fell", "*erēmō*": "dative, feminine, singular - wilderness/desert" }, "variants": { "*tisin*": "with whom?/against whom?/toward whom?", "*prosōchthisen*": "was angry/was displeased/was provoked", "*etē*": "years/periods of time", "*ouchi*": "not?/wasn't it?/was it not?", "*hamartēsasin*": "those who sinned/those who did wrong", "*kōla*": "bodies/corpses/limbs", "*epesen*": "fell/dropped/lay down", "*erēmō*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited place" } }
• Exod 14:31 : 31 { "verseID": "Exodus.14.31", "source": "וַיַּ֨רְא יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל אֶת־הַיָּ֣ד הַגְּדֹלָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ בְּמִצְרַ֔יִם וַיִּֽירְא֥וּ הָעָ֖ם אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה וַיּֽ͏ַאֲמִ֙ינוּ֙ בַּֽיהוָ֔ה וּבְמֹשֶׁ֖ה עַבְדּֽוֹ", "text": "*wa-yyarʾ* *Yiśrāʾēl* *ʾeṯ*-*ha-yyād* *ha-ggədōlāh* *ʾăšer* *ʿāśāh* *YHWH* *bə-Miṣrayim* *wa-yyîrəʾû* *hā-ʿām* *ʾeṯ*-*YHWH* *wa-yyaʾămînû* *ba-YHWH* *û-ḇə-Mōšeh* *ʿaḇdô*", "grammar": { "*wa-yyarʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and saw", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ha-yyād*": "article + noun, feminine singular - the hand", "*ha-ggədōlāh*": "article + adjective, feminine singular - the great", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*ʿāśāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - did/performed", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*bə-Miṣrayim*": "preposition + proper noun - against Egypt/Egyptians", "*wa-yyîrəʾû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they feared", "*hā-ʿām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the people", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*wa-yyaʾămînû*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they believed", "*ba-YHWH*": "preposition + proper noun, divine name - in Yahweh/LORD", "*û-ḇə-Mōšeh*": "conjunction + preposition + proper noun - and in Moses", "*ʿaḇdô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servant" }, "variants": { "*ha-yyād ha-ggədōlāh*": "the great hand/the mighty power", "*ʿāśāh*": "did/performed/worked", "*bə-Miṣrayim*": "against Egypt/against the Egyptians", "*wa-yyîrəʾû*": "and they feared/and they were in awe of", "*wa-yyaʾămînû*": "and they believed/and they trusted", "*ʿaḇdô*": "his servant/his minister" } }
• Num 14:33-34 : 33 { "verseID": "Numbers.14.33", "source": "וּ֠בְנֵיכֶם יִהְי֨וּ רֹעִ֤ים בַּמִּדְבָּר֙ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה וְנָשְׂא֖וּ אֶת־זְנוּתֵיכֶ֑ם עַד־תֹּ֥ם פִּגְרֵיכֶ֖ם בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃", "text": "*û-bənêkem yihyû rōʿîm bammidbār ʾarbāʿîm šānāh wənāśəʾû ʾet-zənûtêkem ʿad-tōm pigrêkem bammidbār*", "grammar": { "*û-bənêkem*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun + 2nd masculine plural suffix - and your sons", "*yihyû*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine plural, Qal form of *hyh* - they will be", "*rōʿîm*": "masculine plural participle, Qal form of *rʿh* - shepherds/wandering", "*bammidbār*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - in the wilderness", "*ʾarbāʿîm*": "cardinal number - forty", "*šānāh*": "feminine singular noun - year", "*wənāśəʾû*": "conjunction + perfect, 3rd plural, Qal form of *nśʾ* - and they will bear", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*zənûtêkem*": "feminine plural noun + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your harlotries/unfaithfulness", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*tōm*": "masculine singular construct - completion of", "*pigrêkem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your corpses", "*bammidbār*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - in the wilderness" }, "variants": { "*rōʿîm*": "shepherds/wandering/moving about as nomads", "*wənāśəʾû ʾet-zənûtêkem*": "and shall bear your unfaithfulness/will carry your infidelities/will suffer for your prostitutions", "*zənûtêkem*": "your harlotries/your unfaithfulness/your infidelities", "*ʿad-tōm pigrêkem*": "until the completion of your corpses/until your carcasses are consumed/until your dead bodies perish" } } 34 { "verseID": "Numbers.14.34", "source": "בְּמִסְפַּ֨ר הַיָּמִ֜ים אֲשֶׁר־תַּרְתֶּ֣ם אֶת־הָאָרֶץ֮ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים יוֹם֒ י֣וֹם לַשָּׁנָ֞ה י֣וֹם לַשָּׁנָ֗ה תִּשְׂאוּ֙ אֶת־עֲוֺנֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם אַרְבָּעִ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה וִֽידַעְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־תְּנוּאָתִֽי׃", "text": "*bəmispar hayyāmîm ʾăšer-tartem ʾet-hāʾāreṣ ʾarbāʿîm yôm yôm laššānāh yôm laššānāh tiśʾû ʾet-ʿăwōnōtêkem ʾarbāʿîm šānāh wîdaʿtem ʾet-tənûʾātî*", "grammar": { "*bəmispar*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - by number of", "*hayyāmîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the days", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*tartem*": "perfect, 2nd masculine plural, Qal form of *twr* - you spied out", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the land", "*ʾarbāʿîm*": "cardinal number - forty", "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun - day", "*yôm laššānāh*": "masculine singular noun + preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - day for the year", "*yôm laššānāh*": "masculine singular noun + preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - day for the year", "*tiśʾû*": "imperfect, 2nd masculine plural, Qal form of *nśʾ* - you will bear", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿăwōnōtêkem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your iniquities", "*ʾarbāʿîm*": "cardinal number - forty", "*šānāh*": "feminine singular noun - year", "*wîdaʿtem*": "conjunction + perfect, 2nd masculine plural, Qal form of *ydʿ* - and you will know", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*tənûʾātî*": "feminine singular noun + 1st singular suffix - my opposition/alienation" }, "variants": { "*bəmispar hayyāmîm*": "according to the number of days/by the count of days", "*tartem*": "you spied out/you explored/you searched", "*yôm laššānāh yôm laššānāh*": "a day for a year, a day for a year (repetition for emphasis)", "*tiśʾû ʾet-ʿăwōnōtêkem*": "you shall bear your iniquities/you will carry your punishments", "*ʿăwōnōtêkem*": "your iniquities/your guilt/your punishment", "*tənûʾātî*": "my alienation/my opposition/my hostility/my rejection" } }
• Deut 1:46 : 46 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.1.46", "source": "וַתֵּשְׁב֥וּ בְקָדֵ֖שׁ יָמִ֣ים רַבִּ֑ים כַּיָּמִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְשַׁבְתֶּֽם׃", "text": "And *wattēšbū* in *Qādēš* *yāmîm* *rabbîm*, like the *yāmîm* *ʾăšer* you *yəšabtem*.", "grammar": { "*wattēšbū*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 2nd person masculine plural - and you dwelled", "*Qādēš*": "proper noun - Kadesh", "*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - days", "*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - many", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - that/which", "*yəšabtem*": "qal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you dwelled" }, "variants": { "*wattēšbū*": "and you dwelled/stayed/remained", "*yāmîm*": "days/period of time", "*rabbîm*": "many/numerous/great", "*yəšabtem*": "you dwelled/stayed/remained" } }