Verse 13

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.18.13", "source": "מֵשִׁ֣יב דָּ֭בָר בְּטֶ֣רֶם יִשְׁמָ֑ע אִוֶּ֥לֶת הִיא־ל֝֗וֹ וּכְלִמָּֽה׃", "text": "*mēšîḇ* *dāḇār* before *yišmāʿ* *ʾiwweleṯ* it-to-him and-*ḵəlimmāh*", "grammar": { "*mēšîḇ*": "verb, hiphil participle, masculine singular - returning/answering", "*dāḇār*": "noun, masculine singular - word/matter/thing", "*yišmāʿ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - hears/listens", "*ʾiwweleṯ*": "noun, feminine singular - folly/foolishness", "*ḵəlimmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - shame/disgrace/humiliation" }, "variants": { "*mēšîḇ*": "returning/answering/replying", "*dāḇār*": "word/matter/thing/affair", "*yišmāʿ*": "hears/listens/understands", "*ʾiwweleṯ*": "folly/foolishness/stupidity", "*ḵəlimmāh*": "shame/disgrace/humiliation/reproach" } }

Other Translations

Referenced Verses

  • John 7:51 : 51 { "verseID": "John.7.51", "source": "Μὴ ὁ νόμος ἡμῶν κρίνει τὸν ἄνθρωπον, ἐὰν μὴ ἀκούσῃ παρʼ αὐτοῦ πρότερον, καὶ γνῷ τί ποιεῖ;", "text": "*Mē* the *nomos* of us *krinei* the *anthrōpon*, *ean mē akousē par'* him *proteron*, and *gnō ti poiei*?", "grammar": { "*Mē*": "negative particle - not (in questions expecting negative answer)", "*nomos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - law", "ἡμῶν": "genitive, 1st person plural - of us/our", "*krinei*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - judges", "*anthrōpon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - man/person", "*ean mē*": "conditional negative - if not/unless", "*akousē*": "aorist active subjunctive, 3rd person singular - it might hear", "*par'*": "preposition + genitive - from/beside", "*proteron*": "adverb, comparative - before/first", "*gnō*": "aorist active subjunctive, 3rd person singular - it might know", "*ti*": "interrogative pronoun, accusative - what", "*poiei*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - does/is doing" }, "variants": { "*Mē*": "not/does not (rhetorical question marker)", "*nomos*": "law/custom/principle", "*krinei*": "judges/condemns/decides about", "*anthrōpon*": "man/person/human being", "*akousē*": "hears/listens to/understands", "*gnō*": "knows/learns/understands", "*poiei*": "does/makes/performs" } }
  • Deut 13:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.13.14", "source": "יָצְא֞וּ אֲנָשִׁ֤ים בְּנֵֽי־בְלִיַּ֙עַל֙ מִקִּרְבֶּ֔ךָ וַיַּדִּ֛יחוּ אֶת־יֹשְׁבֵ֥י עִירָ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר נֵלְכָ֗ה וְנַעַבְדָ֛ה אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־יְדַעְתֶּֽם׃", "text": "*yāṣĕʾû* *ʾănāšîm* *bĕnê*-*bĕliyyaʿal* from-*miqqirbekā* and-*wayyaddîḥû* *ʾet*-*yōšĕbê* *ʿîrām* *lēʾmōr*: let-us-*nēlĕkāh* and-let-us-*wĕnaʿabdāh* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm* which not-*yĕdaʿtem*.", "grammar": { "*yāṣĕʾû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they went out", "*ʾănāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - men", "*bĕnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*bĕliyyaʿal*": "noun, masculine singular - worthlessness/wickedness", "*miqqirbekā*": "preposition min + noun, masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - from your midst", "*wayyaddîḥû*": "hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they led astray", "*yōšĕbê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - inhabitants of", "*ʿîrām*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their city", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition lamed + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*nēlĕkāh*": "qal imperfect cohortative, 1st person plural - let us go", "*wĕnaʿabdāh*": "qal imperfect cohortative, 1st person plural with waw consecutive - and let us serve", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - gods", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - other/foreign", "*yĕdaʿtem*": "qal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you (plural) knew" }, "variants": { "*yāṣāʾ*": "go out/come out/depart", "*ʾîš*": "man/husband/person", "*bēn*": "son/descendant", "*bĕliyyaʿal*": "worthlessness/wickedness/evil", "*nādaḥ*": "lead astray/banish/thrust away", "*yāšab*": "dwell/sit/remain", "*ʿîr*": "city/town", "*hālak*": "go/walk/follow", "*ʿābad*": "serve/worship/work for", "*yādaʿ*": "know/recognize/perceive" } }
  • Prov 20:25 : 25 { "verseID": "Proverbs.20.25", "source": "מוֹקֵ֣שׁ אָ֭דָם יָ֣לַע קֹ֑דֶשׁ וְאַחַ֖ר נְדָרִ֣ים לְבַקֵּֽר׃", "text": "*môqēš* *ʾādām* *yālaʿ* *qōdeš* and-*ʾaḥar* *nədārîm* *ləbaqqēr*", "grammar": { "*môqēš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - snare of", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*yālaʿ*": "verb, Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - swallows/devours", "*qōdeš*": "noun, masculine singular - holy thing", "*ʾaḥar*": "preposition - after", "*nədārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - vows", "*ləbaqqēr*": "verb, Piel infinitive construct - to inquire/reconsider" }, "variants": { "*môqēš*": "snare of/trap for", "*ʾādām*": "man/person/human", "*yālaʿ*": "swallows/devours/utters rashly", "*qōdeš*": "holy thing/sacred thing/consecrated item", "*ʾaḥar*": "after/following", "*nədārîm*": "vows/promises/pledges", "*ləbaqqēr*": "to inquire/reconsider/investigate" } }
  • 2 Sam 16:4 : 4 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.16.4", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ לְצִבָ֔א הִנֵּ֣ה לְךָ֔ כֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר לִמְפִי־בֹ֑שֶׁת וַיֹּ֤אמֶר צִיבָא֙ הִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֵ֔יתִי אֶמְצָא־חֵ֥ן בְּעֵינֶ֖יךָ אֲדֹנִ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* the *hammelek* to *Ṣîbāʾ*, \"*Hinnēh* to you, *kōl* that is to *Məpî-bōšeṯ*.\" And *wayyōʾmer* *Ṣîbāʾ*, \"*Hištaḥăwêṯî*, may I find *ḥēn* in *bəʿêneykā*, *ʾădōnî* the *hammelek*.\"", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*hammelek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king", "*Ṣîbāʾ*": "proper noun", "*Hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look", "*kōl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of/everything", "*Məpî-bōšeṯ*": "proper noun", "*Hištaḥăwêṯî*": "hithpael perfect, 1st person singular - I bow down/prostrate myself", "*ḥēn*": "noun, masculine singular - favor/grace", "*bəʿêneykā*": "preposition + noun dual construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - in your eyes", "*ʾădōnî*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 1st person singular suffix - my lord" }, "variants": { "*Hištaḥăwêṯî*": "I bow down/I prostrate myself/I pay homage", "*ḥēn*": "favor/grace/acceptance", "*bəʿêneykā*": "in your eyes/in your sight/in your opinion" } }
  • 2 Sam 19:24-30 : 24 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.19.24", "source": "וַיֹּ֧אמֶר הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ אֶל־שִׁמְעִ֖י לֹ֣א תָמ֑וּת וַיִּשָּׁ֥בַֽע ל֖וֹ הַמֶּֽלֶךְ", "text": "*wayyōʾmer* *hammelek* *ʾel*-*šimʿî* *lōʾ* *tāmût* *wayyiššābaʿ* *lô* *hammelek*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*hammelek*": "definite article + noun - the king", "*ʾel*-*šimʿî*": "preposition + proper noun - to Shimei", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tāmût*": "verb, qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you shall die", "*wayyiššābaʿ*": "conjunction + verb, niphal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he swore", "*lô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to him", "*hammelek*": "definite article + noun - the king" }, "variants": { "*lōʾ* *tāmût*": "you shall not die/you will not be put to death" } } 25 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.19.25", "source": "וּמְפִבֹ֙שֶׁת֙ בֶּן־שָׁא֔וּל יָרַ֖ד לִקְרַ֣את הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְלֹא־עָשָׂ֨ה רַגְלָ֜יו וְלֹא־עָשָׂ֣ה שְׂפָמ֗וֹ וְאֶת־בְּגָדָיו֙ לֹ֣א כִבֵּ֔ס לְמִן־הַיּוֹם֙ לֶ֣כֶת הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ עַד־הַיּ֖וֹם אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֥א בְשָׁלֽוֹם", "text": "*ûməpibōšet* *ben*-*šāʾûl* *yārad* *liqraʾt* *hammelek* *wəlōʾ*-*ʿāśāh* *raglāyw* *wəlōʾ*-*ʿāśāh* *śəpāmô* *wəʾet*-*bəgādāyw* *lōʾ* *kibbēs* *ləmin*-*hayyôm* *leket* *hammelek* *ʿad*-*hayyôm* *ʾăšer*-*bāʾ* *bəšālôm*", "grammar": { "*ûməpibōšet*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Mephibosheth", "*ben*-*šāʾûl*": "noun construct + proper noun - son of Saul", "*yārad*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - came down", "*liqraʾt*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - to meet", "*hammelek*": "definite article + noun - the king", "*wəlōʾ*-*ʿāśāh*": "conjunction + negative particle + verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he had not dressed", "*raglāyw*": "noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his feet", "*wəlōʾ*-*ʿāśāh*": "conjunction + negative particle + verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he had not trimmed", "*śəpāmô*": "noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his mustache", "*wəʾet*-*bəgādāyw*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his clothes", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*kibbēs*": "verb, piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he had washed", "*ləmin*-*hayyôm*": "preposition + preposition + definite article + noun - from the day", "*leket*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - of the going", "*hammelek*": "definite article + noun - the king", "*ʿad*-*hayyôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun - until the day", "*ʾăšer*-*bāʾ*": "relative particle + verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - that he came", "*bəšālôm*": "preposition + noun - in peace" }, "variants": { "*wəlōʾ*-*ʿāśāh* *raglāyw*": "had not dressed his feet/had not attended to his feet/had not cared for his feet", "*wəlōʾ*-*ʿāśāh* *śəpāmô*": "had not trimmed his mustache/had not groomed his beard", "*bəšālôm*": "in peace/safely/whole" } } 26 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.19.26", "source": "וַיְהִ֛י כִּי־בָ֥א יְרוּשָׁלַ֖͏ִם לִקְרַ֣את הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לָ֛מָּה לֹא־הָלַ֥כְתָּ עִמִּ֖י מְפִיבֹֽשֶׁת", "text": "*wayəhî* *kî*-*bāʾ* *yərûšālaim* *liqraʾt* *hammelek* *wayyōʾmer* *lô* *hammelek* *lāmmāh* *lōʾ*-*hālaktā* *ʿimmî* *məpîbōšet*", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and it came to pass", "*kî*-*bāʾ*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - when he came to", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*liqraʾt*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - to meet", "*hammelek*": "definite article + noun - the king", "*wayyōʾmer*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and said", "*lô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to him", "*hammelek*": "definite article + noun - the king", "*lāmmāh*": "preposition + interrogative - why", "*lōʾ*-*hālaktā*": "negative particle + verb, qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - did you not go", "*ʿimmî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - with me", "*məpîbōšet*": "proper noun - Mephibosheth" }, "variants": { "*wayəhî*": "and it happened/and it came to pass", "*liqraʾt*": "to meet/to encounter/to go toward" } } 27 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.19.27", "source": "וַיֹּאמַ֕ר אֲדֹנִ֥י הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ עַבְדִּ֣י רִמָּ֑נִי כִּֽי־אָמַ֨ר עַבְדְּךָ֜ אֶחְבְּשָׁה־לִּי֩ הַחֲמ֨וֹר וְאֶרְכַּ֤ב עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ וְאֵלֵ֣ךְ אֶת־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ כִּ֥י פִסֵּ֖חַ עַבְדֶּֽךָ׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmar* *ʾădōnî* the *melekh* *ʿabdî* *rimmānî* for-*kî*-*ʾāmar* *ʿabdəkhā* *ʾeḥbəšāh*-to me the *ḥămôr* *wə-ʾerkab* upon-*ʿāleyhā* *wə-ʾēlēkh* *ʾet*-the *melekh* for-*kî* *pissēaḥ* *ʿabdekha*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmar*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾădōnî*": "noun masculine singular construct with 1st person suffix - my lord", "*melekh*": "noun masculine singular absolute - king", "*ʿabdî*": "noun masculine singular construct with 1st person suffix - my servant", "*rimmānî*": "piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular with 1st person suffix - he deceived me", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he said", "*ʿabdəkhā*": "noun masculine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your servant", "*ʾeḥbəšāh*": "qal imperfect 1st person singular cohortative - let me saddle", "*ḥămôr*": "noun masculine singular absolute - donkey", "*wə-ʾerkab*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 1st person singular - and I will ride", "*ʿāleyhā*": "preposition with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - upon it", "*wə-ʾēlēkh*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 1st person singular - and I will go", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*pissēaḥ*": "adjective masculine singular - lame/crippled", "*ʿabdekha*": "noun masculine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your servant" }, "variants": { "*rimmānî*": "deceived me/betrayed me/misled me", "*ḥămôr*": "donkey/ass", "*pissēaḥ*": "lame/crippled/disabled" } } 28 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.19.28", "source": "וַיְרַגֵּ֣ל בְּעַבְדְּךָ֔ אֶל־אֲדֹנִ֖י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַאדֹנִ֤י הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ כְּמַלְאַ֣ךְ הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וַעֲשֵׂ֥ה הַטּ֖וֹב בְּעֵינֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "*wə-yəraggēl* *bə-ʿabdəkhā* *ʾel*-*ʾădōnî* the *melekh* *wa-ʾdōnî* the *melekh* *kə-malʾakh* the *hā-ʾĕlōhîm* *wa-ʿăśēh* the *ṭôb* *bə-ʿêneykhā*", "grammar": { "*wə-yəraggēl*": "conjunction + piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he slandered", "*bə-ʿabdəkhā*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - against your servant", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/unto", "*ʾădōnî*": "noun masculine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my lord", "*melekh*": "noun masculine singular absolute - king", "*wa-ʾdōnî*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - and my lord", "*kə-malʾakh*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - like a messenger/angel of", "*hā-ʾĕlōhîm*": "article + noun masculine plural - the God", "*wa-ʿăśēh*": "conjunction + qal imperative masculine singular - and do", "*ṭôb*": "adjective masculine singular absolute - good", "*bə-ʿêneykhā*": "preposition + noun feminine dual construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - in your eyes" }, "variants": { "*yəraggēl*": "slandered/told tales/spied/brought malicious accusations", "*malʾakh*": "messenger/angel", "*hā-ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/the gods", "*ṭôb*": "good/right/pleasing" } } 29 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.19.29", "source": "כִּי֩ לֹ֨א הָיָ֜ה כָּל־בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֗י כִּ֤י אִם־אַנְשֵׁי־מָ֙וֶת֙ לַאדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַתָּ֙שֶׁת֙ אֶֽת־עַבְדְּךָ֔ בְּאֹכְלֵ֖י שֻׁלְחָנֶ֑ךָ וּמַה־יֶּשׁ־לִ֥י עוֹד֙ צְדָקָ֔ה וְלִזְעֹ֥ק ע֖וֹד אֶל־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃", "text": "For-*kî* *lōʾ* *hāyāh* all-*kol*-*bêt* *ʾābî* *kî* if-*ʾim*-*ʾanšê*-*māwet* to-*la-ʾdōnî* the *melekh* *wa-tāšet* *ʾet*-*ʿabdəkhā* *bə-ʾōkhəlê* *šulḥānekha* *û-mah*-*yeš*-to me *ʿôd* *ṣədāqāh* *wə-lizʿōq* *ʿôd* *ʾel*-the *melekh*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*hāyāh*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - was", "*kol*": "noun masculine singular construct - all of", "*bêt*": "noun masculine singular construct - house of", "*ʾābî*": "noun masculine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my father", "*kî ʾim*": "conjunction phrase - but only/except", "*ʾanšê*": "noun masculine plural construct - men of", "*māwet*": "noun masculine singular - death", "*la-ʾdōnî*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct with 1st person suffix - to my lord", "*melekh*": "noun masculine singular absolute - king", "*wa-tāšet*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - and you placed", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿabdəkhā*": "noun masculine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your servant", "*bə-ʾōkhəlê*": "preposition + qal participle masculine plural construct - among those eating", "*šulḥānekha*": "noun masculine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your table", "*û-mah*": "conjunction + interrogative - and what", "*yeš*": "adverb of existence - there is", "*ʿôd*": "adverb - still/yet", "*ṣədāqāh*": "noun feminine singular absolute - righteousness/right/claim", "*wə-lizʿōq*": "conjunction + preposition + qal infinitive construct - and to cry out", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/unto" }, "variants": { "*ʾanšê-māwet*": "men worthy of death/men deserving death/condemned men", "*ṣədāqāh*": "righteousness/just claim/right/justice", "*lizʿōq*": "to cry out/to call/to appeal" } } 30 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.19.30", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לָ֛מָּה תְּדַבֵּ֥ר ע֖וֹד דְּבָרֶ֑יךָ אָמַ֕רְתִּי אַתָּ֣ה וְצִיבָ֔א תַּחְלְק֖וּ אֶת־הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* to him-*lô* the *melekh* *lāmmāh* *tədabbēr* *ʿôd* *dəbāreykha* *ʾāmartî* you-*ʾattāh* *wə-ṣîbāʾ* *taḥləqû* *ʾet*-the *śādeh*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*lô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to him", "*melekh*": "noun masculine singular absolute with article - the king", "*lāmmāh*": "interrogative + preposition - why", "*tədabbēr*": "piel imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you speak", "*ʿôd*": "adverb - still/yet/further", "*dəbāreykha*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your words", "*ʾāmartî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I have said", "*ʾattāh*": "pronoun 2nd person masculine singular - you", "*wə-ṣîbāʾ*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Ziba", "*taḥləqû*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you shall divide", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*śādeh*": "noun masculine singular absolute with article - the field" }, "variants": { "*taḥləqû*": "you shall divide/you will share" } }
  • Esth 3:10-15 : 10 { "verseID": "Esther.3.10", "source": "וַיָּ֧סַר הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ אֶת־טַבַּעְתּ֖וֹ מֵעַ֣ל יָד֑וֹ וַֽיִּתְּנָ֗הּ לְהָמָ֧ן בֶּֽן־הַמְּדָ֛תָא הָאֲגָגִ֖י צֹרֵ֥ר הַיְּהוּדִֽים׃", "text": "And-*wayyāsar* the-*melek* ʾet-*ṭabbaʿtô* from-upon *yādô* and-*wayyittənāh* to-*hāmān* *ben*-*hammədāṯāʾ* the-*ʾăḡāḡî* *ṣōrēr* the-*yəhûdîm*.", "grammar": { "*wayyāsar*": "Hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he removed", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular - king", "*ṭabbaʿtô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his signet ring", "*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*wayyittənāh*": "Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - and he gave it", "*hāmān*": "proper name - Haman", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*hammədāṯāʾ*": "proper name with definite article - Hammedatha", "*ʾăḡāḡî*": "gentilic adjective - Agagite", "*ṣōrēr*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - enemy of", "*yəhûdîm*": "gentilic adjective, masculine plural - Jews" }, "variants": { "*wayyāsar*": "removed/took off", "*ṭabbaʿtô*": "his signet ring/seal", "*wayyittənāh*": "gave it/handed it over", "*ṣōrēr*": "adversary of/enemy of/one who shows hostility to" } } 11 { "verseID": "Esther.3.11", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ לְהָמָ֔ן הַכֶּ֖סֶף נָת֣וּן לָ֑ךְ וְהָעָ֕ם לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת בּ֖וֹ כַּטּ֥וֹב בְּעֵינֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "And-*wayyōmer* the-*melek* to-*hāmān* the-*kesef* *nāṯûn* to-you and-the-*ʿām* to-*ʿăśôt* with-him as-the-*ṭôḇ* in-*ʿênêkā*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōmer*": "Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular - king", "*hāmān*": "proper name - Haman", "*kesef*": "noun, masculine singular - silver", "*nāṯûn*": "Qal passive participle, masculine singular - given", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people", "*ʿăśôt*": "Qal infinitive construct - to do", "*ṭôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - good", "*ʿênêkā*": "noun, feminine dual with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your eyes" }, "variants": { "*kesef*": "silver/money", "*nāṯûn*": "given/granted", "*ʿām*": "people/nation/ethnic group", "*ʿăśôt*": "to do/to act/to deal with", "*ṭôḇ*": "good/pleasing/right" } } 12 { "verseID": "Esther.3.12", "source": "וַיִּקָּרְאוּ֩ סֹפְרֵ֨י הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֗וֹן בִּשְׁלוֹשָׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֣ר יוֹם֮ בּוֹ֒ וַיִּכָּתֵ֣ב כְּֽכָל־אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֣ה הָמָ֡ן אֶ֣ל אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנֵֽי־הַ֠מֶּלֶךְ וְֽאֶל־הַפַּח֞וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ עַל־מְדִינָ֣ה וּמְדִינָ֗ה וְאֶל־שָׂ֤רֵי עַם֙ וָעָ֔ם מְדִינָ֤ה וּמְדִינָה֙ כִּכְתָבָ֔הּ וְעַ֥ם וָעָ֖ם כִּלְשׁוֹנ֑וֹ בְּשֵׁ֨ם הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרֹשׁ֙ נִכְתָּ֔ב וְנֶחְתָּ֖ם בְּטַבַּ֥עַת הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃", "text": "*wə-yiqqārəʾû* *sōp̄ərê* the-*meleḵ* in-the-*ḥōḏeš* the-*rīʾšôn* in-*šəlôšāh* *ʿāśār* *yôm* in-*bô*, *wə-yikkāṯēḇ* like-all-which-*ṣiwwāh* *Hāmān* to *ʾăḥašdarpənê*-the-*meleḵ* and-to-the-*paḥôṯ* which upon-*məḏînāh* and-*məḏînāh* and-to-*śārê* *ʿam* and-*ʿām* *məḏînāh* and-*məḏînāh* according-to-*kiṯḇāhh* and-*ʿam* and-*ʿām* according-to-*ləšônô* in-*šēm* the-*meleḵ* *ʾăḥašwērōš* *niḵtāḇ* and-*neḥtām* with-*ṭabbaʿaṯ* the-*meleḵ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiqqārəʾû*": "conjunction + Niphal imperfect, 3rd plural - and they were called", "*sōp̄ərê*": "construct plural of *sōp̄ēr* - scribes of", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular - king", "*ḥōḏeš*": "masculine singular - month", "*rīʾšôn*": "masculine singular adjective - first", "*šəlôšāh*": "cardinal number - three", "*ʿāśār*": "cardinal number - ten", "*yôm*": "masculine singular - day", "*bô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in it", "*wə-yikkāṯēḇ*": "conjunction + Niphal imperfect, 3rd singular - and it was written", "*ṣiwwāh*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - commanded", "*Hāmān*": "proper noun - Haman", "*ʾăḥašdarpənê*": "construct plural - satraps of", "*paḥôṯ*": "masculine plural - governors", "*məḏînāh*": "feminine singular - province", "*śārê*": "construct plural of *śar* - princes/officials of", "*ʿam*": "masculine singular - people", "*kiṯḇāhh*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its writing/script", "*ləšônô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - its language", "*šēm*": "masculine singular construct - name of", "*ʾăḥašwērōš*": "proper noun - Ahasuerus/Xerxes", "*niḵtāḇ*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it was written", "*neḥtām*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it was sealed", "*ṭabbaʿaṯ*": "feminine singular construct - signet ring of" }, "variants": { "*sōp̄ərê*": "scribes/secretaries/writers", "*məḏînāh*": "province/state/district", "*śārê*": "officials/princes/noblemen", "*kiṯḇāhh*": "writing/script/document", "*ləšônô*": "language/tongue/speech", "*ṭabbaʿaṯ*": "signet ring/seal" } } 13 { "verseID": "Esther.3.13", "source": "וְנִשְׁל֨וֹחַ סְפָרִ֜ים בְּיַ֣ד הָרָצִים֮ אֶל־כָּל־מְדִינ֣וֹת הַמֶּלֶךְ֒ לְהַשְׁמִ֡יד לַהֲרֹ֣ג וּלְאַבֵּ֣ד אֶת־כָּל־הַ֠יְּהוּדִים מִנַּ֨עַר וְעַד־זָקֵ֜ן טַ֤ף וְנָשִׁים֙ בְּי֣וֹם אֶחָ֔ד בִּשְׁלוֹשָׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר לְחֹ֥דֶשׁ שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֖ר הוּא־חֹ֣דֶשׁ אֲדָ֑ר וּשְׁלָלָ֖ם לָבֽוֹז׃", "text": "*wə-nišlôaḥ* *səp̄ārîm* by-*yad* the-*rāṣîm* to-all-*məḏînôṯ* the-*meleḵ* *lə-hašmîḏ* *la-hărōḡ* and-*lə-ʾabbēḏ* *ʾeṯ*-all-the-*yəhûḏîm* from-*naʿar* and-until-*zāqēn* *ṭap̄* and-*nāšîm* in-*yôm* *ʾeḥāḏ* in-*šəlôšāh* *ʿāśār* to-*ḥōḏeš* *šənêm*-*ʿāśār* it-*ḥōḏeš* *ʾăḏār* and-*šəlālām* *lā-ḇôz*", "grammar": { "*wə-nišlôaḥ*": "conjunction + Niphal infinitive absolute - and sending", "*səp̄ārîm*": "masculine plural - letters/documents", "*yad*": "feminine singular construct - hand of", "*rāṣîm*": "masculine plural - runners/couriers", "*məḏînôṯ*": "feminine plural construct - provinces of", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular - king", "*lə-hašmîḏ*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - to destroy", "*la-hărōḡ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to kill", "*lə-ʾabbēḏ*": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct - to annihilate", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*yəhûḏîm*": "masculine plural - Jews", "*naʿar*": "masculine singular - young man/boy", "*zāqēn*": "masculine singular - old man", "*ṭap̄*": "masculine singular collective - children", "*nāšîm*": "feminine plural - women", "*yôm*": "masculine singular - day", "*ʾeḥāḏ*": "masculine singular number - one", "*šəlôšāh*": "cardinal number - three", "*ʿāśār*": "cardinal number - ten", "*ḥōḏeš*": "masculine singular - month", "*šənêm*": "cardinal number - two", "*ʾăḏār*": "proper noun - Adar (month name)", "*šəlālām*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their plunder", "*lā-ḇôz*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to plunder" }, "variants": { "*nišlôaḥ*": "being sent/dispatched", "*səp̄ārîm*": "letters/documents/scrolls", "*rāṣîm*": "runners/couriers/messengers", "*lə-hašmîḏ*": "to destroy/exterminate/eliminate", "*la-hărōḡ*": "to kill/slay/murder", "*lə-ʾabbēḏ*": "to destroy/annihilate/cause to perish", "*naʿar*": "young man/boy/youth", "*zāqēn*": "old man/elder", "*ṭap̄*": "children/little ones", "*šəlālām*": "their plunder/spoil/possessions", "*lā-ḇôz*": "to plunder/spoil/take as prey" } } 14 { "verseID": "Esther.3.14", "source": "פַּתְשֶׁ֣גֶן הַכְּתָ֗ב לְהִנָּ֤תֵֽן דָּת֙ בְּכָל־מְדִינָ֣ה וּמְדִינָ֔ה גָּל֖וּי לְכָל־הָֽעַמִּ֑ים לִהְי֥וֹת עֲתִדִ֖ים לַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "*paṯšeḡen* the-*kəṯāḇ* *lə-hinnāṯēn* *dāṯ* in-all-*məḏînāh* and-*məḏînāh* *gālûy* to-all-the-*ʿammîm* *li-hyôṯ* *ʿăṯîḏîm* to-the-*yôm* the-*zeh*", "grammar": { "*paṯšeḡen*": "masculine singular - copy", "*kəṯāḇ*": "masculine singular - writing/document", "*lə-hinnāṯēn*": "preposition + Niphal infinitive construct - to be given", "*dāṯ*": "feminine singular - decree/law", "*məḏînāh*": "feminine singular - province", "*gālûy*": "Qal passive participle, masculine singular - revealed/publicized", "*ʿammîm*": "masculine plural - peoples", "*li-hyôṯ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to be", "*ʿăṯîḏîm*": "masculine plural adjective - ready/prepared", "*yôm*": "masculine singular - day", "*zeh*": "masculine singular demonstrative - this" }, "variants": { "*paṯšeḡen*": "copy/transcript/duplicate", "*kəṯāḇ*": "writing/document/edict", "*dāṯ*": "law/decree/edict", "*gālûy*": "revealed/published/made known", "*ʿăṯîḏîm*": "ready/prepared/alert" } } 15 { "verseID": "Esther.3.15", "source": "הֽ͏ָרָצִ֞ים יָצְא֤וּ דְחוּפִים֙ בִּדְבַ֣ר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְהַדָּ֥ת נִתְּנָ֖ה בְּשׁוּשַׁ֣ן הַבִּירָ֑ה וְהַמֶּ֤לֶךְ וְהָמָן֙ יָשְׁב֣וּ לִשְׁתּ֔וֹת וְהָעִ֥יר שׁוּשָׁ֖ן נָבֽוֹכָה׃", "text": "The-*rāṣîm* *yāṣəʾû* *dəḥûp̄îm* in-*dəḇar* the-*meleḵ* and-the-*dāṯ* *nittənāh* in-*Šûšan* the-*bîrāh* and-the-*meleḵ* and-*Hāmān* *yāšəḇû* *li-štôṯ* and-the-*ʿîr* *Šûšān* *nāḇôḵāh*", "grammar": { "*rāṣîm*": "masculine plural - runners/couriers", "*yāṣəʾû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd plural - they went out", "*dəḥûp̄îm*": "Qal passive participle, masculine plural - being hurried/urged", "*dəḇar*": "masculine singular construct - word/command of", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular - king", "*dāṯ*": "feminine singular - decree/law", "*nittənāh*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - it was given", "*Šûšan*": "proper noun - Susa", "*bîrāh*": "feminine singular - citadel/capital", "*Hāmān*": "proper noun - Haman", "*yāšəḇû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd plural - they sat", "*li-štôṯ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to drink", "*ʿîr*": "feminine singular - city", "*nāḇôḵāh*": "Niphal participle, feminine singular - confused/perplexed" }, "variants": { "*rāṣîm*": "runners/couriers/messengers", "*dəḥûp̄îm*": "hurried/hastened/pressed", "*dəḇar*": "word/command/matter", "*dāṯ*": "law/decree/edict", "*bîrāh*": "citadel/fortress/capital", "*li-štôṯ*": "to drink/feast", "*nāḇôḵāh*": "confused/perplexed/bewildered" } }
  • Esth 8:5-9 : 5 { "verseID": "Esther.8.5", "source": "וַ֠תֹּאמֶר אִם־עַל־הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ ט֜וֹב וְאִם־מָצָ֧אתִי חֵ֣ן לְפָנָ֗יו וְכָשֵׁ֤ר הַדָּבָר֙ לִפְנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְטוֹבָ֥ה אֲנִ֖י בְּעֵינָ֑יו יִכָּתֵ֞ב לְהָשִׁ֣יב אֶת־הַסְּפָרִ֗ים מַחֲשֶׁ֜בֶת הָמָ֤ן בֶּֽן־הַמְּדָ֙תָא֙ הָאֲגָגִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֣ר כָּתַ֗ב לְאַבֵּד֙ אֶת־הַיְּהוּדִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּכָל־מְדִינ֥וֹת הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃", "text": "And *wattō'mer* if-upon-the *melek* *ṭôb* and if-*māṣā'tî* *ḥēn* to *pānāyw* and *kāšēr* the *dābār* to *pānê* the *melek* and *ṭôbâ* I in *'ênāyw* *yikkātēb* to *hāšîb* *'ēt*-the *sĕpārîm* *maḥăšebet* *hāmān* *ben*-the *hammĕdātā'* the *'ăgāgî* which *kātab* to *'abbēd* *'ēt*-the *yĕhûdîm* which in all-*mĕdînôt* the *melek*.", "grammar": { "*wattō'mer*": "qal imperfect consecutive 3rd feminine singular - and she said", "*ṭôb*": "adjective, masculine singular - good/pleasing", "*māṣā'tî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I have found", "*ḥēn*": "noun, masculine singular - favor/grace", "*pānāyw*": "plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his face", "*kāšēr*": "adjective, masculine singular - proper/fitting", "*dābār*": "definite noun, masculine singular - matter/thing", "*ṭôbâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - good/pleasing", "*'ênāyw*": "dual noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his eyes", "*yikkātēb*": "niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular jussive - let it be written", "*hāšîb*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to revoke/return", "*sĕpārîm*": "definite noun, masculine plural - letters/documents", "*maḥăšebet*": "feminine singular construct - plan of", "*ben*": "masculine singular construct - son of", "*hammĕdātā'*": "definite proper noun - Hammedatha", "*kātab*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he wrote", "*'abbēd*": "piel infinitive construct - to destroy", "*mĕdînôt*": "feminine plural construct - provinces of" }, "variants": { "*ṭôb*": "good/pleasing/acceptable", "*māṣā'tî*": "I have found/obtained", "*ḥēn*": "favor/grace/approval", "*kāšēr*": "proper/fitting/right", "*dābār*": "matter/thing/request", "*yikkātēb*": "let it be written/decreed/ordered", "*hāšîb*": "revoke/recall/reverse", "*sĕpārîm*": "letters/documents/decrees", "*maḥăšebet*": "plan/plot/scheme", "*'abbēd*": "destroy/annihilate/exterminate" } } 6 { "verseID": "Esther.8.6", "source": "כִּ֠י אֵיכָכָ֤ה אוּכַל֙ וְֽרָאִ֔יתִי בָּרָעָ֖ה אֲשֶׁר־יִמְצָ֣א אֶת־עַמִּ֑י וְאֵֽיכָכָ֤ה אוּכַל֙ וְֽרָאִ֔יתִי בְּאָבְדַ֖ן מוֹלַדְתִּֽי׃", "text": "For *'êkākâ* *'ûkal* and *rā'îtî* in the *rā'â* which-*yimṣā'* *'ēt*-*'ammî* and *'êkākâ* *'ûkal* and *rā'îtî* in *'obdan* *môladtî*.", "grammar": { "*'êkākâ*": "interrogative adverb - how", "*'ûkal*": "qal imperfect 1st person singular - I can/will be able", "*rā'îtî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I have seen", "*rā'â*": "definite noun, feminine singular - evil/calamity", "*yimṣā'*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - it will find/befall", "*'ammî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*'obdan*": "masculine singular construct - destruction of", "*môladtî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my kindred/relatives" }, "variants": { "*'êkākâ*": "how/how can/in what way", "*'ûkal*": "I can/will be able/endure", "*rā'îtî*": "I see/witness/endure", "*rā'â*": "evil/disaster/calamity", "*yimṣā'*": "will find/befall/happen to", "*'obdan*": "destruction/annihilation/demise", "*môladtî*": "my kindred/family/relatives" } } 7 { "verseID": "Esther.8.7", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרֹשׁ֙ לְאֶסְתֵּ֣ר הַמַּלְכָּ֔ה וּֽלְמָרְדֳּכַ֖י הַיְּהוּדִ֑י הִנֵּ֨ה בֵית־הָמָ֜ן נָתַ֣תִּי לְאֶסְתֵּ֗ר וְאֹתוֹ֙ תָּל֣וּ עַל־הָעֵ֔ץ עַ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־שָׁלַ֥ח יָד֖וֹ בַּיְּהוּדִֽים׃", "text": "And *wayyō'mer* the *melek* *'ăḥašwērōš* to *'estēr* the *malkâ* and to *mordŏkay* the *yĕhûdî* *hinnēh* *bêt*-*hāmān* *nātattî* to *'estēr* and *'ōtô* *tālû* upon-the *'ēṣ* because that-*šālaḥ* *yādô* against the *yĕhûdîm*.", "grammar": { "*wayyō'mer*": "qal imperfect consecutive 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*yĕhûdî*": "adjective, masculine singular - Jewish", "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold", "*nātattî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I have given", "*'ōtô*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine singular suffix - him", "*tālû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they hanged", "*'ēṣ*": "definite noun, masculine singular - tree/gallows", "*šālaḥ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he stretched out", "*yādô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand" }, "variants": { "*hinnēh*": "behold/see/indeed", "*nātattî*": "I have given/bestowed/granted", "*tālû*": "they hanged/impaled", "*'ēṣ*": "tree/gallows/wooden structure", "*šālaḥ* *yādô*": "stretched out his hand/laid hands on/attacked" } } 8 { "verseID": "Esther.8.8", "source": "וְ֠אַתֶּם כִּתְב֨וּ עַל־הַיְּהוּדִ֜ים כַּטּ֤וֹב בְּעֵֽינֵיכֶם֙ בְּשֵׁ֣ם הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְחִתְמ֖וּ בְּטַבַּ֣עַת הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ כִּֽי־כְתָ֞ב אֲשֶׁר־נִכְתָּ֣ב בְּשֵׁם־הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ וְנַחְתּ֛וֹם בְּטַבַּ֥עַת הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֵ֥ין לְהָשִֽׁיב׃", "text": "And *'attem* *kitbû* concerning-the *yĕhûdîm* as the *ṭôb* in *'ênêkem* in *šēm* the *melek* and *ḥitmû* with *ṭabba'at* the *melek* for-*kĕtāb* which-*niktāb* in *šēm*-the *melek* and *naḥtôm* with *ṭabba'at* the *melek* *'ên* to *hāšîb*.", "grammar": { "*'attem*": "2nd person masculine plural pronoun - you", "*kitbû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - write", "*ṭôb*": "definite adjective, masculine singular - good/pleasing", "*'ênêkem*": "dual noun with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your eyes", "*šēm*": "masculine singular construct - name of", "*ḥitmû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - seal", "*ṭabba'at*": "feminine singular construct - signet ring of", "*kĕtāb*": "masculine singular noun - writing/decree", "*niktāb*": "niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - it is written", "*naḥtôm*": "niphal participle masculine singular - sealed", "*'ên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*hāšîb*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to revoke/reverse" }, "variants": { "*kitbû*": "write/issue/decree", "*ṭôb* in *'ênêkem*": "as seems good to you/as you see fit", "*šēm*": "name/authority", "*ḥitmû*": "seal/authenticate", "*kĕtāb*": "writing/decree/edict", "*'ên* to *hāšîb*": "cannot be revoked/is irrevocable" } } 9 { "verseID": "Esther.8.9", "source": "וַיִקָּרְא֣וּ סֹפְרֵֽי־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ בָּֽעֵת־הַ֠הִיא בַּחֹ֨דֶשׁ הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֜י הוּא־חֹ֣דֶשׁ סִיוָ֗ן בִּשְׁלוֹשָׁ֣ה וְעֶשְׂרִים֮ בּוֹ֒ וַיִּכָּתֵ֣ב כְּֽכָל־אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֣ה מָרְדֳּכַ֣י אֶל־הַיְּהוּדִ֡ים וְאֶ֣ל הָאֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנִֽים־וְהַפַּחוֹת֩ וְשָׂרֵ֨י הַמְּדִינ֜וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ מֵהֹ֣דּוּ וְעַד־כּ֗וּשׁ שֶׁ֣בַע וְעֶשְׂרִ֤ים וּמֵאָה֙ מְדִינָ֔ה מְדִינָ֤ה וּמְדִינָה֙ כִּכְתָבָ֔הּ וְעַ֥ם וָעָ֖ם כִּלְשֹׁנ֑וֹ וְאֶ֨ל־הַיְּהוּדִ֔ים כִּכְתָבָ֖ם וְכִלְשׁוֹנָֽם׃", "text": "And *wayyiqqārĕ'û* *sōpĕrê*-the *melek* in the *'ēt*-the *hî'* in the *ḥōdeš* the *šĕlîšî* it-*ḥōdeš* *sîwān* in *šĕlôšâ* and *'eśrîm* in it and *wayyikkātēb* according to all-which-*ṣiwwâ* *mordŏkay* to-the *yĕhûdîm* and to the *'ăḥašdarpĕnîm*-and the *paḥôt* and *śārê* the *mĕdînôt* which from *hōddû* and unto-*kûš* *šeba'* and *'eśrîm* and *mē'â* *mĕdînâ* *mĕdînâ* and *mĕdînâ* according to *kĕtābāh* and *'am* and *'am* according to *lĕšōnô* and to-the *yĕhûdîm* according to *kĕtābām* and according to *lĕšônām*.", "grammar": { "*wayyiqqārĕ'û*": "niphal imperfect consecutive 3rd masculine plural - and they were called/summoned", "*sōpĕrê*": "masculine plural construct - scribes of", "*'ēt*": "feminine singular construct - time of", "*hî'*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - that", "*ḥōdeš*": "definite noun, masculine singular - month", "*šĕlîšî*": "definite ordinal, masculine singular - third", "*sîwān*": "proper noun - Sivan", "*šĕlôšâ*": "number, masculine singular - three", "*'eśrîm*": "number - twenty", "*wayyikkātēb*": "niphal imperfect consecutive 3rd masculine singular - and it was written", "*ṣiwwâ*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he commanded", "*'ăḥašdarpĕnîm*": "masculine plural - satraps", "*paḥôt*": "masculine plural - governors", "*śārê*": "masculine plural construct - officials of", "*mĕdînôt*": "feminine plural - provinces", "*hōddû*": "proper noun - India", "*kûš*": "proper noun - Ethiopia/Cush", "*šeba'*": "number, masculine singular - seven", "*mē'â*": "number, feminine singular - hundred", "*mĕdînâ*": "feminine singular - province", "*kĕtābāh*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - its script", "*'am*": "masculine singular - people", "*lĕšōnô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its language", "*kĕtābām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their script", "*lĕšônām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their language" }, "variants": { "*wayyiqqārĕ'û*": "were summoned/called", "*sōpĕrê*": "scribes/secretaries", "*'ăḥašdarpĕnîm*": "satraps/provincial governors", "*paḥôt*": "governors/officials", "*śārê*": "officials/princes/nobles", "*mĕdînâ* *kĕtābāh*": "province in its script/according to its writing", "*'am* *lĕšōnô*": "people in its language/according to its tongue" } } 10 { "verseID": "Esther.8.10", "source": "וַיִּכְתֹּ֗ב בְּשֵׁם֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרֹ֔שׁ וַיַּחְתֹּ֖ם בְּטַבַּ֣עַת הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח סְפָרִ֡ים בְּיַד֩ הָרָצִ֨ים בַּסּוּסִ֜ים רֹכְבֵ֤י הָרֶ֙כֶשׁ֙ הָֽאֲחַשְׁתְּרָנִ֔ים בְּנֵ֖י הָֽרַמָּכִֽים׃", "text": "And *wayyiktōb* in *šēm* the *melek* *'ăḥašwērōš* and *wayyaḥtōm* with *ṭabba'at* the *melek* and *wayyišlaḥ* *sĕpārîm* by *yad* the *rāṣîm* on the *sûsîm* *rōkĕbê* the *rekeš* the *'ăḥaštĕrānîm* *bĕnê* the *rammākîm*.", "grammar": { "*wayyiktōb*": "qal imperfect consecutive 3rd masculine singular - and he wrote", "*wayyaḥtōm*": "qal imperfect consecutive 3rd masculine singular - and he sealed", "*wayyišlaḥ*": "qal imperfect consecutive 3rd masculine singular - and he sent", "*sĕpārîm*": "masculine plural - letters/documents", "*yad*": "feminine singular construct - hand of", "*rāṣîm*": "definite masculine plural participle - the couriers", "*sûsîm*": "definite masculine plural - horses", "*rōkĕbê*": "masculine plural construct - riders of", "*rekeš*": "definite masculine singular - swift steeds", "*'ăḥaštĕrānîm*": "definite masculine plural - royal horses", "*bĕnê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*rammākîm*": "definite masculine plural - mares" }, "variants": { "*rāṣîm*": "couriers/messengers/runners", "*rekeš*": "swift steeds/fast horses", "*'ăḥaštĕrānîm*": "royal horses/special breed of horses", "*bĕnê* the *rammākîm*": "offspring of royal studs/bred from royal mares" } } 11 { "verseID": "Esther.8.11", "source": "אֲשֶׁר֩ נָתַ֨ן הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ לַיְּהוּדִ֣ים ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּכָל־עִיר־וָעִ֗יר לְהִקָּהֵל֮ וְלַעֲמֹ֣ד עַל־נַפְשָׁם֒ לְהַשְׁמִיד֩ וְלַהֲרֹ֨ג וּלְאַבֵּ֜ד אֶת־כָּל־חֵ֨יל עַ֧ם וּמְדִינָ֛ה הַצָּרִ֥ים אֹתָ֖ם טַ֣ף וְנָשִׁ֑ים וּשְׁלָלָ֖ם לָבֽוֹז׃", "text": "Which *nātan* the *melek* to the *yĕhûdîm* which in every-*'îr*-and *'îr* to *hiqqāhēl* and to *'ămōd* upon-*napšām* to *hašmîd* and to *hărōg* and to *'abbēd* *'ēt*-all-*ḥêl* *'am* and *mĕdînâ* the *ṣārîm* *'ōtām* *ṭap* and *nāšîm* and *šĕlālām* to *bôz*.", "grammar": { "*nātan*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he gave", "*'îr*": "feminine singular - city", "*hiqqāhēl*": "niphal infinitive construct - to assemble themselves", "*'ămōd*": "qal infinitive construct - to stand", "*napšām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their life", "*hašmîd*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to destroy", "*hărōg*": "qal infinitive construct - to kill", "*'abbēd*": "piel infinitive construct - to annihilate", "*ḥêl*": "masculine singular construct - force of", "*'am*": "masculine singular - people", "*ṣārîm*": "definite qal participle, masculine plural - those adversaries", "*'ōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*ṭap*": "masculine singular - children", "*nāšîm*": "feminine plural - women", "*šĕlālām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their plunder", "*bôz*": "qal infinitive construct - to plunder" }, "variants": { "*hiqqāhēl*": "to assemble/gather/organize", "*'ămōd* upon-*napšām*": "to defend themselves/protect their lives", "*hašmîd*": "to destroy/eliminate/exterminate", "*ḥêl*": "forces/army/troops", "*ṣārîm*": "adversaries/enemies/attackers", "*ṭap*": "children/little ones", "*šĕlālām* to *bôz*": "to plunder their possessions/take their property as spoil" } } 12 { "verseID": "Esther.8.12", "source": "בְּי֣וֹם אֶחָ֔ד בְּכָל־מְדִינ֖וֹת הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֑וֹשׁ בִּשְׁלוֹשָׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר לְחֹ֥דֶשׁ שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֖ר הוּא־חֹ֥דֶשׁ אֲדָֽר׃", "text": "On *yôm* *'eḥād* in all-*mĕdînôt* the *melek* *'ăḥašwērôš* in *šĕlôšâ* *'āśār* to *ḥōdeš* *šĕnêm*-*'āśār* it-*ḥōdeš* *'ădār*.", "grammar": { "*yôm*": "masculine singular construct - day of", "*'eḥād*": "number, masculine singular - one", "*šĕlôšâ*": "number, masculine singular - three", "*'āśār*": "number, masculine singular - ten", "*ḥōdeš*": "masculine singular construct - month of", "*šĕnêm*": "number, masculine dual construct - two of", "*'ādār*": "proper noun - Adar" }, "variants": { "*yôm* *'eḥād*": "one day/same day", "*šĕlôšâ* *'āśār*": "thirteenth", "*šĕnêm*-*'āśār*": "twelfth" } } 13 { "verseID": "Esther.8.13", "source": "פַּתְשֶׁ֣גֶן הַכְּתָ֗ב לְהִנָּ֤תֵֽן דָּת֙ בְּכָל־מְדִינָ֣ה וּמְדִינָ֔ה גָּל֖וּי לְכָל־הָעַמִּ֑ים וְלִהְי֨וֹת הַיְּהוּדִ֤ים עֲתִידִים֙ לַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה לְהִנָּקֵ֖ם מֵאֹיְבֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*patšegen* the *kĕtāb* to *hinnātēn* *dāt* in all-*mĕdînâ* and *mĕdînâ* *gālûy* to all-the *'ammîm* and to *hĕyôt* the *yĕhûdîm* *'ătîdîm* to the *yôm* the *zeh* to *hinnāqēm* from *'ōyĕbêhem*.", "grammar": { "*patšegen*": "masculine singular construct - copy of", "*kĕtāb*": "definite noun, masculine singular - writing/document", "*hinnātēn*": "niphal infinitive construct - to be given", "*dāt*": "feminine singular - law/decree", "*gālûy*": "qal passive participle, masculine singular - being disclosed", "*'ammîm*": "definite masculine plural - peoples", "*hĕyôt*": "qal infinitive construct - to be", "*'ătîdîm*": "masculine plural adjective - ready", "*yôm*": "definite masculine singular - day", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*hinnāqēm*": "niphal infinitive construct - to take revenge", "*'ōyĕbêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their enemies" }, "variants": { "*patšegen*": "copy/transcript", "*hinnātēn* *dāt*": "to be issued as law/to be published as decree", "*gālûy*": "disclosed/published/proclaimed", "*'ătîdîm*": "ready/prepared", "*hinnāqēm*": "to take revenge/avenge themselves/retaliate" } } 14 { "verseID": "Esther.8.14", "source": "הָרָצִ֞ים רֹכְבֵ֤י הָרֶ֙כֶשׁ֙ הָֽאֲחַשְׁתְּרָנִ֔ים יָֽצְא֛וּ מְבֹהָלִ֥ים וּדְחוּפִ֖ים בִּדְבַ֣ר הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְהַדָּ֥ת נִתְּנָ֖ה בְּשׁוּשַׁ֥ן הַבִּירָֽה׃", "text": "The *rāṣîm* *rōkĕbê* the *rekeš* the *'ăḥaštĕrānîm* *yāṣĕ'û* *mĕbōhālîm* and *dĕḥûpîm* by *dĕbar* the *melek* and the *dāt* *nittĕnâ* in *šûšan* the *bîrâ*.", "grammar": { "*yāṣĕ'û*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they went out", "*mĕbōhālîm*": "pual participle, masculine plural - being hurried", "*dĕḥûpîm*": "qal passive participle, masculine plural - being pressed", "*dĕbar*": "masculine singular construct - word/command of", "*nittĕnâ*": "niphal perfect 3rd feminine singular - it was given", "*šûšan*": "proper noun - Susa", "*bîrâ*": "definite noun, feminine singular - citadel/capital" }, "variants": { "*mĕbōhālîm*": "being hurried/hastened/urgent", "*dĕḥûpîm*": "being pressed/urged/driven", "*dĕbar*": "word/command/order", "*nittĕnâ*": "was given/published/proclaimed" } } 15 { "verseID": "Esther.8.15", "source": "וּמָרְדֳּכַ֞י יָצָ֣א ׀ מִלִּפְנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ בִּלְב֤וּשׁ מַלְכוּת֙ תְּכֵ֣לֶת וָח֔וּר וַעֲטֶ֤רֶת זָהָב֙ גְּדוֹלָ֔ה וְתַכְרִ֥יךְ בּ֖וּץ וְאַרְגָּמָ֑ן וְהָעִ֣יר שׁוּשָׁ֔ן צָהֲלָ֖ה וְשָׂמֵֽחָה׃", "text": "And *mordŏkay* *yāṣā'* from *lipnê* the *melek* in *lĕbûš* *malkût* *tĕkēlet* and *ḥûr* and *'ăṭeret* *zāhāb* *gĕdôlâ* and *takrîk* *bûṣ* and *'argāmān* and the *'îr* *šûšān* *ṣāhălâ* and *śāmēḥâ*.", "grammar": { "*yāṣā'*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he went out", "*lipnê*": "preposition with plural construct - from before", "*lĕbûš*": "masculine singular construct - garment of", "*malkût*": "feminine singular - royalty", "*tĕkēlet*": "feminine singular - blue", "*ḥûr*": "masculine singular - white", "*'ăṭeret*": "feminine singular construct - crown of", "*zāhāb*": "masculine singular - gold", "*gĕdôlâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - large", "*takrîk*": "masculine singular construct - robe of", "*bûṣ*": "masculine singular - fine linen", "*'argāmān*": "masculine singular - purple", "*'îr*": "definite feminine singular - city", "*ṣāhălâ*": "qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - it shouted with joy", "*śāmēḥâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - rejoicing" }, "variants": { "*lĕbûš* *malkût*": "royal garment/robe of kingship", "*tĕkēlet*": "blue/azure", "*ḥûr*": "white/pale", "*'ăṭeret* *zāhāb*": "golden crown/diadem", "*takrîk* *bûṣ*": "fine linen robe/garment", "*'argāmān*": "purple/crimson", "*ṣāhălâ*": "shouted for joy/celebrated" } } 16 { "verseID": "Esther.8.16", "source": "לַיְּהוּדִ֕ים הָֽיְתָ֥ה אוֹרָ֖ה וְשִׂמְחָ֑ה וְשָׂשֹׂ֖ן וִיקָֽר׃", "text": "For the *yĕhûdîm* *hāyĕtâ* *'ôrâ* and *śimḥâ* and *śāśōn* and *yĕqār*.", "grammar": { "*hāyĕtâ*": "qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - there was", "*'ôrâ*": "feminine singular - light", "*śimḥâ*": "feminine singular - joy", "*śāśōn*": "masculine singular - gladness", "*yĕqār*": "masculine singular - honor" }, "variants": { "*'ôrâ*": "light/brightness/relief", "*śimḥâ*": "joy/happiness/rejoicing", "*śāśōn*": "gladness/delight/exultation", "*yĕqār*": "honor/dignity/respect" } } 17 { "verseID": "Esther.8.17", "source": "וּבְכָל־מְדִינָ֨ה וּמְדִינָ֜ה וּבְכָל־עִ֣יר וָעִ֗יר מְקוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר דְּבַר־הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ וְדָתוֹ֙ מַגִּ֔יעַ שִׂמְחָ֤ה וְשָׂשׂוֹן֙ לַיְּהוּדִ֔ים מִשְׁתֶּ֖ה וְי֣וֹם ט֑וֹב וְרַבִּ֞ים מֵֽעַמֵּ֤י הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ מִֽתְיַהֲדִ֔ים כִּֽי־נָפַ֥ל פַּֽחַד־הַיְּהוּדִ֖ים עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And in every-*mĕdînâ* and *mĕdînâ* and in every-*'îr* and *'îr* *māqôm* which *dĕbar*-the *melek* and *dātô* *maggîa'* *śimḥâ* and *śāśôn* to the *yĕhûdîm* *mišteh* and *yôm* *ṭôb* and *rabbîm* from *'ammê* the *'āreṣ* *mityahădîm* for-*nāpal* *paḥad*-the *yĕhûdîm* upon *'ălêhem*.", "grammar": { "*māqôm*": "masculine singular - place", "*dĕbar*": "masculine singular construct - word of", "*dātô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his decree", "*maggîa'*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - reaching", "*mišteh*": "masculine singular - feast", "*yôm*": "masculine singular construct - day of", "*ṭôb*": "adjective, masculine singular - good", "*rabbîm*": "masculine plural adjective - many", "*'ammê*": "masculine plural construct - peoples of", "*'āreṣ*": "definite feminine singular - land", "*mityahădîm*": "hitpael participle, masculine plural - becoming Jews", "*nāpal*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - it fell", "*paḥad*": "masculine singular construct - dread of", "*'ălêhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - upon them" }, "variants": { "*maggîa'*": "reaching/arriving/coming to", "*mišteh*": "feast/banquet/celebration", "*yôm* *ṭôb*": "holiday/festive day", "*mityahădîm*": "becoming Jews/converting to Judaism/pretending to be Jews", "*paḥad*": "dread/fear/terror" } }