Verse 21

{ "verseID": "Psalms.119.21", "source": "גָּ֭עַרְתָּ זֵדִ֣ים אֲרוּרִ֑ים הַ֝שֹּׁגִים מִמִּצְוֺתֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "*gāʿartā* *zēdîm* *ʾărûrîm* *haššōgîm* from-*miṣwōtêḵā*", "grammar": { "*gāʿartā*": "Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you have rebuked", "*zēdîm*": "masculine plural adjective - proud/presumptuous ones", "*ʾărûrîm*": "Qal passive participle masculine plural - cursed ones", "*haššōgîm*": "definite article + Qal participle masculine plural - the ones straying", "from-*miṣwōtêḵā*": "preposition *min* + feminine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - from your commandments" }, "variants": { "*gāʿartā*": "you have rebuked/reproved/threatened", "*zēdîm*": "proud ones/presumptuous ones/insolent ones", "*ʾărûrîm*": "cursed ones/accursed ones", "*haššōgîm*": "the ones straying/wandering/going astray", "*miṣwōtêḵā*": "your commandments/precepts/orders" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Du har irettesatt de stolte, de forbannede, som går bort fra dine bud.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Du har refs de stolte, de forbannede, som farer vill fra dine bud.

• Norsk King James

  Du har irettesatt de stolte som er forbannet, som avviker fra dine bud.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Du har irettesatt de stolte, de forbannede, som går bort fra dine bud.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Du har tuktet de overmodige, de foraktede, de som farer vill fra dine bud.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Du har tuktet de stolte som er forbannet, de som går bort fra dine bud.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Du har irettesatt de hovmodige, som er forbannet, og som vandrer bort fra dine bud.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Du har tuktet de stolte som er forbannet, de som går bort fra dine bud.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Du har truet de frekke, de forbannede som går bort fra dine bud.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  You have rebuked the arrogant, who are cursed, those who stray from Your commandments.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Du har truet de stolte, forbannet dem som går bort fra dine bud.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Du skjældte paa de Hovmodige, de Forbandede, som fore vild fra dine Bud.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Thou hast rebuked the proud that are cursed, which do err from thy commandments.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Du har refset de stolte, de er forbanne, de som avviker fra dine bud.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  You rebuke the proud, the cursed, who stray from Your commandments.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Thou hast rebuked the proud that are cursed, which do err from thy commandments.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Du har refset de stolte som er forbannet, som vandrer bort fra dine bud.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Du har refset de stolte forbannede, de som farer vill fra Dine bud.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Du har refset de stolte, forbannet være de som farer vill fra dine bud.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Din hånd er mot de stolte, en forbannelse er over dem som går bort fra din vei.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Thou rebukest the proude, cursed are they that departe from thy commaundemetes

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Thou hast destroied the proud: cursed are they that doe erre from thy commandements.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Thou hast rebuked those that be proude and cursed: who do erre from thy commaundementes.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  ¶ Thou hast rebuked the proud [that are] cursed, which do err from thy commandments.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  You have rebuked the proud who are cursed, Who wander from your commandments.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  Thou hast rebuked the cursed proud, Who are erring from Thy commands.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Thou hast rebuked the proud that are cursed, That do wander from thy commandments.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Your hand has been against the men of pride, a curse is on those who go wandering out of your way.

• World English Bible (2000)

  You have rebuked the proud who are cursed, who wander from your commandments.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  You reprimand arrogant people. Those who stray from your commands are doomed.

Referenced Verses

• Ps 119:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Psalms.119.10", "source": "בְּכָל־לִבִּ֥י דְרַשְׁתִּ֑יךָ אַל־תַּ֝שְׁגֵּ֗נִי מִמִּצְוֺתֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "With-all-*libbî* *dəraštiḵā* not-*tašgēnî* from-*miṣwōtêḵā*", "grammar": { "With-all-*libbî*": "preposition *bə* + noun *kol* + masculine singular noun + 1st person singular suffix - with all my heart", "*dəraštiḵā*": "Qal perfect 1st person singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - I have sought you", "not-*tašgēnî*": "negative particle + Hiphil imperfect 2nd person masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - do not let me wander", "from-*miṣwōtêḵā*": "preposition *min* + feminine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - from your commandments" }, "variants": { "*libbî*": "my heart/mind/inner self", "*dəraštiḵā*": "I have sought you/searched for you/inquired of you", "*tašgēnî*": "let me wander/err/go astray", "*miṣwōtêḵā*": "your commandments/precepts/orders" } }
• Ps 119:118 : 118 { "verseID": "Psalms.119.118", "source": "סָ֭לִיתָ כָּל־שׁוֹגִ֣ים מֵחֻקֶּ֑יךָ כִּי־שֶׁ֝֗קֶר תַּרְמִיתָֽם׃", "text": "*sālîtā* all-*šôgîm* from-*ḥuqqêkā* for-*šeqer* *tarmîtām*", "grammar": { "*sālîtā*": "qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you have rejected", "*šôgîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - those who stray", "*ḥuqqêkā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your statutes", "*šeqer*": "masculine singular noun - falsehood/lie", "*tarmîtām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their deceitfulness", "*kol*": "noun - all/every", "*mē-*": "preposition - from", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because" }, "variants": { "*sālîtā*": "you have rejected/spurned/set at nought", "*šôgîm*": "those who stray/wander/err", "*ḥuqqêkā*": "your statutes/decrees/ordinances", "*šeqer*": "falsehood/lie/deception", "*tarmîtām*": "their deceitfulness/treachery/deception" } }
• Ps 138:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Psalms.138.6", "source": "כִּי־רָ֣ם יְ֭הוָה וְשָׁפָ֣ל יִרְאֶ֑ה וְ֝גָבֹ֗הַּ מִמֶּרְחָ֥ק יְיֵדָֽע׃", "text": "*kî*-high *YHWH* and-*šāpāl* he *rāʾāh*, and-*gābōah* from-*merḥāq* he *yādaʿ*.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for/though", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*šāpāl*": "adjective masculine singular absolute - lowly/humble", "*rāʾāh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he sees/regards/perceives", "*gābōah*": "adjective masculine singular absolute - high/proud/lofty", "*merḥāq*": "masculine singular - distance/far-off place", "*yādaʿ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he knows/perceives/recognizes" }, "variants": { "*YHWH*": "LORD/Yahweh/Jehovah (divine name)", "*šāpāl*": "lowly/humble/modest/poor", "*rāʾāh*": "see/look at/perceive/regard/consider", "*gābōah*": "high/exalted/lofty/proud/haughty", "*merḥāq*": "distance/far-off/remoteness", "*yādaʿ*": "know/recognize/perceive/acknowledge/distinguish" } }
• Isa 2:11-12 : 11 { "verseID": "Isaiah.2.11", "source": "עֵינֵ֞י גַּבְה֤וּת אָדָם֙ שָׁפֵ֔ל וְשַׁ֖ח ר֣וּם אֲנָשִׁ֑ים וְנִשְׂגַּ֧ב יְהוָ֛ה לְבַדּ֖וֹ בַּיּ֥וֹם הַהֽוּא׃ ס", "text": "*ʿÊnê* *gabhût* *ʾādām* *šāpēl*, and-*šaḥ* *rûm* *ʾănāšîm*, and-*niśgab* *YHWH* to-*badô* in-the-*yôm* the-*hûʾ*.", "grammar": { "*ʿênê*": "noun, feminine dual construct - eyes of", "*gabhût*": "noun, feminine singular construct - haughtiness/pride of", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - mankind/humanity", "*šāpēl*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - are humbled/brought low", "*wə-šaḥ*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and is bowed down", "*rûm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - haughtiness/pride of", "*ʾănāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - men/people", "*wə-niśgab*": "conjunction + verb, niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and is exalted", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*lə-badô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - alone/by himself", "*ba-yôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the day", "*ha-hûʾ*": "definite article + pronoun, masculine singular - that" }, "variants": { "*ʿênê gabhût*": "haughty eyes/proud looks", "*šāpēl*": "humbled/brought low/abased", "*šaḥ*": "bowed down/humbled/brought low", "*rûm*": "haughtiness/pride/exaltation", "*niśgab*": "exalted/lifted high/elevated", "*badô*": "alone/by himself/only", "*yôm ha-hûʾ*": "that day/the day/the appointed time" } } 12 { "verseID": "Isaiah.2.12", "source": "כִּ֣י י֞וֹם לַיהוָ֧ה צְבָא֛וֹת עַ֥ל כָּל־גֵּאֶ֖ה וָרָ֑ם וְעַ֖ל כָּל־נִשָּׂ֥א וְשָׁפֵֽל׃", "text": "For *yôm* belongs-to-*YHWH* *ṣəbāʾôt* against all-*gēʾê* and-*rām*, and-against all-*niśśāʾ* and-*šāpēl*.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day", "*la-YHWH*": "preposition + proper noun - belonging to/for the LORD", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural - hosts/armies", "*ʿal*": "preposition - against/upon", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of/every", "*gēʾê*": "adjective, masculine singular - proud/arrogant", "*wā-rām*": "conjunction + adjective, masculine singular - and lofty/high", "*wə-ʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and against/upon", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of/every", "*niśśāʾ*": "verb, niphal participle, masculine singular - lifted up/exalted", "*wə-šāpēl*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will be brought low" }, "variants": { "*yôm la-YHWH*": "day of the LORD/day belonging to YHWH", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "hosts/armies/multitudes", "*gēʾê*": "proud/arrogant/haughty", "*rām*": "lofty/high/exalted", "*niśśāʾ*": "lifted up/exalted/elevated", "*šāpēl*": "brought low/humbled/abased" } }
• Isa 10:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Isaiah.10.12", "source": "וְהָיָה כִּי־יְבַצַּע אֲדֹנָי אֶת־כָּל־מַעֲשֵׂהוּ בְּהַר צִיּוֹן וּבִירוּשָׁלָ͏ִם אֶפְקֹד עַל־פְּרִי־גֹדֶל לְבַב מֶלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר וְעַל־תִּפְאֶרֶת רוּם עֵינָיו", "text": "*wehāyāh* *kî*-*yebaṣṣaʿ* *ʾădōnāy* *ʾet*-*kāl*-*maʿăśēhû* *behar* *ṣiyyôn* *ûbîrûšālāim* *ʾep̄qōd* *ʿal*-*perî*-*gōdel* *lebab* *meleḵ*-*ʾaššûr* *weʿal*-*tip̄ʾeret* *rûm* *ʿênāyw*", "grammar": { "*wehāyāh*": "waw conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and it will be", "*kî*": "conjunction - when/that", "*yebaṣṣaʿ*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he completes/finishes", "*ʾădōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person plural suffix used as divine title - the Lord", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*kāl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*maʿăśēhû*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his work", "*behar*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in mountain of", "*ṣiyyôn*": "proper noun - Zion", "*ûbîrûšālāim*": "waw conjunction + preposition + proper noun - and in Jerusalem", "*ʾep̄qōd*": "qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will punish/visit", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/against", "*perî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - fruit of", "*gōdel*": "noun, masculine singular construct - greatness of", "*lebab*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*weʿal*": "waw conjunction + preposition - and upon", "*tip̄ʾeret*": "noun, feminine singular construct - glory/splendor of", "*rûm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - height/haughtiness of", "*ʿênāyw*": "noun, feminine dual + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his eyes" }, "variants": { "*baṣṣaʿ*": "complete/finish/accomplish/cut off", "*pāqad*": "visit/punish/attend to/muster", "*perî*": "fruit/result/outcome/product", "*gōdel*": "greatness/pride/arrogance", "*tip̄ʾeret*": "glory/splendor/beauty/pride", "*rûm*": "height/haughtiness/loftiness/exaltation" } }
• Isa 42:24 : 24 { "verseID": "Isaiah.42.24", "source": "מִֽי־נָתַ֨ן לִמְשִׁסָּ֧ה יַעֲקֹ֛ב וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל לְבֹזְזִ֖ים הֲל֣וֹא יְהוָ֑ה ז֚וּ חָטָ֣אנוּ ל֔וֹ וְלֹֽא־אָב֤וּ בִדְרָכָיו֙ הָל֔וֹךְ וְלֹ֥א שָׁמְע֖וּ בְּתוֹרָתֽוֹ׃", "text": "Who *nātan* *limšissâ* *Yaʿăqōv* and *Yiśrāʾēl* *lĕvōzĕzîm*? Was it not *YHWH*, against whom we *ḥāṭāʾnû*, and not *ʾāvû* in his ways *hālôk*, and not *šāmĕʿû* in his *tôrâ*?", "grammar": { "*nātan*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he gave/delivered", "*limšissâ*": "preposition with feminine noun - for plunder/spoil", "*Yaʿăqōv*": "proper noun - Jacob", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*lĕvōzĕzîm*": "preposition with qal participle masculine plural - to plunderers/looters", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - covenant name of God", "*ḥāṭāʾnû*": "qal perfect 1st person plural - we sinned", "*ʾāvû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they were willing/they consented", "*hālôk*": "qal infinitive absolute - to walk/walking", "*šāmĕʿû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they listened/heard/obeyed", "*tôrâ*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his law/instruction" }, "variants": { "*nātan*": "gave/delivered/handed over", "*limšissâ*": "for plunder/for spoil/for looting", "*lĕvōzĕzîm*": "to plunderers/to looters/to robbers", "*ḥāṭāʾnû*": "we sinned/we missed the mark/we offended", "*ʾāvû*": "were willing/consented/agreed", "*hālôk*": "walking/going/proceeding", "*šāmĕʿû*": "listened/heard/obeyed", "*tôrâ*": "law/instruction/teaching/direction" } }
• Isa 43:28 : 28 { "verseID": "Isaiah.43.28", "source": "וַאֲחַלֵּ֖ל שָׂ֣רֵי קֹ֑דֶשׁ וְאֶתְּנָ֤ה לַחֵ֙רֶם֙ יַעֲקֹ֔ב וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְגִדּוּפִֽים׃", "text": "And I *waʾăḥallēl* *śārê* *qōdeš*, and I *weʾettənâ* to *ḥērem* *Yaʿaqōb*, and *Yiśrāʾēl* to *giddûpîm*.", "grammar": { "*waʾăḥallēl*": "imperfect with consecutive waw, 1st person singular, Piel - and I profaned", "*śārê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - princes/officials of", "*qōdeš*": "noun, masculine singular - holiness/sanctuary", "*weʾettənâ*": "imperfect with consecutive waw, 1st person singular - and I gave", "*ḥērem*": "noun, masculine singular with preposition - to destruction/ban", "*Yaʿaqōb*": "proper noun - Jacob", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*giddûpîm*": "noun, masculine plural with preposition - to reproaches/reviling" }, "variants": { "*waʾăḥallēl*": "profaned/desecrated/defiled", "*śārê*": "princes/officials/rulers", "*qōdeš*": "holiness/sanctuary/holy place", "*weʾettənâ*": "gave/handed over/delivered", "*ḥērem*": "destruction/ban/curse", "*giddûpîm*": "reproaches/reviling/taunts" } }
• Jer 44:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.44.9", "source": "הַֽשְׁכַחְתֶּם֩ אֶת־רָע֨וֹת אֲבוֹתֵיכֶ֜ם וְאֶת־רָע֣וֹת ׀ מַלְכֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֗ה וְאֵת֙ רָע֣וֹת נָשָׁ֔יו וְאֵת֙ רָעֹ֣תֵכֶ֔ם וְאֵ֖ת רָעֹ֣ת נְשֵׁיכֶ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשׂוּ֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ יְהוּדָ֔ה וּבְחֻצ֖וֹת יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃", "text": "?-*šekaḥtem* *ʾet*-*rāʿôt ʾăbôtêkem* and-*ʾet*-*rāʿôt malkê yehûdāh* and-*ʾēt* *rāʿôt nāšāyw* and-*ʾēt* *rāʿôtêkem* and-*ʾēt* *rāʿôt nešêkem* which *ʿāśû* in-*ʾereṣ yehûdāh* and-in-*ḥûṣôt yerûšālāim*", "grammar": { "*šekaḥtem*": "perfect verb, 2nd plural with interrogative prefix - have you forgotten", "*rāʿôt ʾăbôtêkem*": "plural noun in construct with possessive suffix - evils of your fathers", "*rāʿôt malkê yehûdāh*": "plural noun in construct chain - evils of the kings of Judah", "*rāʿôt nāšāyw*": "plural noun in construct with possessive suffix, 3rd singular - evils of his wives", "*rāʿôtêkem*": "plural noun with possessive suffix, 2nd plural - your evils", "*rāʿôt nešêkem*": "plural noun in construct with possessive suffix, 2nd plural - evils of your wives", "*ʿāśû*": "perfect verb, 3rd plural - they did/committed", "*ʾereṣ yehûdāh*": "construct chain - land of Judah", "*ḥûṣôt yerûšālāim*": "construct chain - streets of Jerusalem" }, "variants": { "*šekaḥtem*": "you have forgotten/neglected/ignored", "*rāʿôt*": "evils/wickedness/calamities/misdeeds" } } 10 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.44.10", "source": "לֹ֣א דֻכְּא֔וּ עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וְלֹ֣א יָרְא֗וּ וְלֹֽא־הָלְכ֤וּ בְתֽוֹרָתִי֙ וּבְחֻקֹּתַ֔י אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥תִּי לִפְנֵיכֶ֖ם וְלִפְנֵ֥י אֲבוֹתֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "Not *dukkeʾû* until the-*yôm* the-this and-not *yāreʾû* and-not-*hālekû* in-*tôrātî* and-in-*ḥuqqōtay* which-*nātattî* to-face-of-you and-to-face-of *ʾăbôtêkem*", "grammar": { "*dukkeʾû*": "pual perfect verb, 3rd plural - they were humbled/crushed", "*yôm*": "definite noun with demonstrative - this day", "*yāreʾû*": "perfect verb, 3rd plural - they feared", "*hālekû*": "perfect verb, 3rd plural - they walked", "*tôrātî*": "noun with possessive suffix, 1st singular - my law/instruction", "*ḥuqqōtay*": "plural noun with possessive suffix, 1st singular - my statutes", "*nātattî*": "perfect verb, 1st singular - I gave/placed", "*ʾăbôtêkem*": "plural noun with possessive suffix, 2nd plural - your fathers" }, "variants": { "*dukkeʾû*": "they were humbled/crushed/contrite", "*yāreʾû*": "they feared/revered/were afraid", "*tôrātî*": "my law/instruction/teaching", "*ḥuqqōtay*": "my statutes/decrees/regulations" } } 11 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.44.11", "source": "לָכֵ֗ן כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הִנְנִ֨י שָׂ֥ם פָּנַ֛י בָּכֶ֖ם לְרָעָ֑ה וּלְהַכְרִ֖ית אֶת־כָּל־יְהוּדָֽה׃", "text": "Therefore thus-*ʾāmar* *YHWH ṣebāʾôt* *ʾĕlōhê yiśrāʾēl* behold-me *śām* *pānay* against-you for-*rāʿāh* and-to-*hakrît* *ʾet*-all-*yehûdāh*", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "perfect verb, 3rd singular masculine - said", "*YHWH ṣebāʾôt*": "divine name with construct noun - YHWH of hosts/armies", "*ʾĕlōhê yiśrāʾēl*": "construct chain - God of Israel", "*śām*": "participle, masculine singular - setting/placing", "*pānay*": "plural noun with possessive suffix, 1st singular - my face", "*rāʿāh*": "noun, feminine singular - evil/harm", "*hakrît*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to cut off", "*yehûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah" }, "variants": { "*śām*": "setting/placing/establishing", "*pānay*": "my face/presence/attention", "*rāʿāh*": "evil/harm/disaster/calamity", "*hakrît*": "to cut off/destroy/eliminate" } }
• Jer 44:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.44.16", "source": "הַדָּבָ֛ר אֲשֶׁר־דִּבַּ֥רְתָּ אֵלֵ֖ינוּ בְּשֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֑ה אֵינֶ֥נּוּ שֹׁמְעִ֖ים אֵלֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "The *dābār* which *dibbartā* to us in *šēm YHWH*, *ʾênennû šōməʿîm* to you.", "grammar": { "*dābār*": "noun masculine singular - word/matter/thing", "*dibbartā*": "piel perfect 2nd masculine singular - you have spoken", "*šēm*": "noun masculine singular construct - name of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾênennû*": "negative particle + 1st person plural suffix - we are not", "*šōməʿîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - hearing/listening/obeying" }, "variants": { "*dābār*": "word/matter/thing/speech", "*šēm*": "name/reputation/authority", "*šōməʿîm*": "hearing/listening/obeying/heeding" } }
• Jer 44:28-29 : 28 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.44.28", "source": "וּפְלִיטֵ֨י חֶ֜רֶב יְשֻׁב֨וּן מִן־אֶ֧רֶץ מִצְרַ֛יִם אֶ֥רֶץ יְהוּדָ֖ה מְתֵ֣י מִסְפָּ֑ר וְֽיָדְע֞וּ כָּל־שְׁאֵרִ֣ית יְהוּדָ֗ה הַבָּאִ֤ים לְאֶֽרֶץ־מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ לָג֣וּר שָׁ֔ם דְּבַר־מִ֥י יָק֖וּם מִמֶּ֥נִּי וּמֵהֶֽם׃", "text": "And-*pəlîṭê* *ḥereḇ* *yəšuḇûn* from-*ʾereṣ* *miṣrayim* *ʾereṣ* *yəhûdâ* *məṯê* *mispār* and-*yādəʿû* all-*šəʾērîṯ* *yəhûdâ* *habbāʾîm* to-*ʾereṣ*-*miṣrayim* *lāḡûr* there *dəḇar*-who *yāqûm* from-me and-from-them", "grammar": { "*pəlîṭê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - 'escapees of'", "*ḥereḇ*": "noun, feminine singular - 'sword'", "*yəšuḇûn*": "Qal imperfect paragogic nun, 3rd masculine plural - 'they will return'", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - 'land of'", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - 'Egypt'", "*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - 'Judah'", "*məṯê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - 'men of'", "*mispār*": "noun, masculine singular - 'number'", "*yādəʿû*": "Qal perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd common plural - 'and they will know'", "*šəʾērîṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - 'remnant of'", "*habbāʾîm*": "definite article + Qal participle, masculine plural - 'the ones coming'", "*lāḡûr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - 'to sojourn'", "*dəḇar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'word of'", "*yāqûm*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'it will stand'" }, "variants": { "*pəlîṭê*": "escapees/fugitives/survivors", "*ḥereḇ*": "sword/war/violence", "*yəšuḇûn*": "they will return/come back", "*məṯê*": "men of/people of", "*mispār*": "number/few (idiomatic: 'few in number')", "*yādəʿû*": "they will know/recognize/acknowledge", "*šəʾērîṯ*": "remnant/remainder/survivors", "*habbāʾîm*": "the ones coming/going/entering", "*lāḡûr*": "to sojourn/dwell temporarily/reside as foreigners", "*yāqûm*": "it will stand/arise/be fulfilled" } } 29 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.44.29", "source": "וְזֹאת־לָכֶ֤ם הָאוֹת֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה כִּֽי־פֹקֵ֥ד אֲנִ֛י עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם בַּמָּק֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה לְמַ֙עַן֙ תֵּֽדְע֔וּ כִּי֩ ק֨וֹם יָק֧וּמוּ דְבָרַ֛י עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם לְרָעָֽה׃", "text": "And-this-to-you *hāʾôṯ* *nəʾum*-*YHWH* that-*pōqēd* I upon-you in-*hammāqôm* *hazzeh* *ləmaʿan* *tēdəʿû* that *qôm* *yāqûmû* *dəḇāray* upon-you *lərāʿâ*", "grammar": { "*hāʾôṯ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - 'the sign'", "*nəʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'declaration of'", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*pōqēd*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - 'visiting/attending to'", "*hammāqôm*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - 'the place'", "*hazzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - 'this'", "*ləmaʿan*": "conjunction - 'so that/in order that'", "*tēdəʿû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - 'you will know'", "*qôm*": "Qal infinitive absolute - 'standing'", "*yāqûmû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - 'they will stand'", "*dəḇāray*": "noun, masculine plural + 1st common singular suffix - 'my words'", "*lərāʿâ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - 'for evil/harm'" }, "variants": { "*hāʾôṯ*": "the sign/mark/token", "*nəʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle", "*pōqēd*": "visiting/attending to/punishing", "*hammāqôm*": "the place/location/site", "*ləmaʿan*": "so that/in order that/for the purpose that", "*tēdəʿû*": "you will know/recognize/acknowledge", "*qôm*": "standing/arising/being established", "*yāqûmû*": "they will stand/arise/be fulfilled", "*lərāʿâ*": "for evil/harm/calamity" } }
• Ezek 28:2-9 : 2 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.28.2", "source": "בֶּן־אָדָ֡ם אֱמֹר֩ לִנְגִ֨יד צֹ֜ר כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהֹוִ֗ה יַ֣עַן גָּבַ֤הּ לִבְּךָ֙ וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֵ֣ל אָ֔נִי מוֹשַׁ֧ב אֱלֹהִ֛ים יָשַׁ֖בְתִּי בְּלֵ֣ב יַמִּ֑ים וְאַתָּ֤ה אָדָם֙ וְֽלֹא־אֵ֔ל וַתִּתֵּ֥ן לִבְּךָ֖ כְּלֵ֥ב אֱלֹהִֽים׃", "text": "*ben*-*ʾādām* *ʾĕmōr* *li-nəḡîd* *ṣōr* *kōh*-*ʾāmar* *ʾăḏōnāy* *YHWH* *yaʿan* *gāḇah* *libbəḵā* *wa-ttōʾmer* *ʾēl* *ʾānî* *môšaḇ* *ʾĕlōhîm* *yāšaḇtî* *bə-lēḇ* *yammîm* *wə-ʾattāh* *ʾāḏām* *wə-lōʾ*-*ʾēl* *wa-ttittēn* *libbəḵā* *kə-lēḇ* *ʾĕlōhîm*", "grammar": { "*ben*-*ʾādām*": "construct phrase, vocative - son of man", "*ʾĕmōr*": "qal imperative masculine singular - say/speak", "*li-nəḡîd*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - to the ruler/prince of", "*ṣōr*": "proper noun - Tyre", "*kōh*-*ʾāmar*": "adverb + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - thus says", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "divine title - Lord/Master", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*yaʿan*": "conjunction - because", "*gāḇah*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - is high/lifted up", "*libbəḵā*": "noun masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your heart", "*wa-ttōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - and you say", "*ʾēl*": "noun masculine singular - god/deity", "*ʾānî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*môšaḇ*": "noun masculine singular construct - seat/dwelling of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun masculine plural - gods/God", "*yāšaḇtî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I sit/dwell", "*bə-lēḇ*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - in the heart/midst of", "*yammîm*": "noun masculine plural - seas", "*wə-ʾattāh*": "conjunction + 2nd masculine singular pronoun - but you", "*ʾāḏām*": "noun masculine singular - man/human", "*wə-lōʾ*-*ʾēl*": "conjunction + negative particle + noun - and not god", "*wa-ttittēn*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - and you set/make", "*libbəḵā*": "noun masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your heart", "*kə-lēḇ*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - like the heart of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun masculine plural - gods/God" }, "variants": { "*nəḡîd*": "ruler/prince/leader", "*gāḇah*": "is high/lifted up/exalted/proud", "*ʾēl*": "god/deity/mighty one", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God (singular meaning despite plural form)/gods/divine beings", "*lēḇ*": "heart/mind/inner self/will" } } 3 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.28.3", "source": "הִנֵּ֥ה חָכָ֛ם אַתָּ֖ה מִדָּֽנִיֵּ֑אל כָּל־סָת֖וּם לֹ֥א עֲמָמֽוּךָ׃", "text": "*hinnēh* *ḥāḵām* *ʾattāh* *mi-ddāniyyēʾl* *kol*-*sātûm* *lōʾ* *ʿămāmûḵā*", "grammar": { "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/lo", "*ḥāḵām*": "adjective masculine singular - wise", "*ʾattāh*": "2nd person masculine singular pronoun - you", "*mi-ddāniyyēʾl*": "preposition + proper noun - than Daniel", "*kol*-*sātûm*": "construct state, noun masculine singular + passive participle masculine singular - every secret thing", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʿămāmûḵā*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural + 2nd masculine singular suffix - they have hidden from you" }, "variants": { "*ḥāḵām*": "wise/skillful/experienced", "*sātûm*": "hidden thing/secret/mystery", "*ʿămāmûḵā*": "they have hidden from you/they are too dark for you" } } 4 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.28.4", "source": "בְּחָכְמָֽתְךָ֙ וּבִתְבוּנָ֣תְךָ֔ עָשִׂ֥יתָ לְּךָ֖ חָ֑יִל וַתַּ֛עַשׂ זָהָ֥ב וָכֶ֖סֶף בְּאוֹצְרוֹתֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "*bə-ḥoḵmātəḵā* *û-ḇi-tḇûnātəḵā* *ʿāśîtā* *ləḵā* *ḥāyil* *wa-ttaʿaś* *zāhāḇ* *wā-ḵesep̄* *bə-ʾôṣərôteḵā*", "grammar": { "*bə-ḥoḵmātəḵā*": "preposition + noun feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - by your wisdom", "*û-ḇi-tḇûnātəḵā*": "conjunction + preposition + noun feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - and by your understanding", "*ʿāśîtā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you have made/gotten", "*ləḵā*": "preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - for yourself", "*ḥāyil*": "noun masculine singular - wealth/might/strength", "*wa-ttaʿaś*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - and you have acquired", "*zāhāḇ*": "noun masculine singular - gold", "*wā-ḵesep̄*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular - and silver", "*bə-ʾôṣərôteḵā*": "preposition + noun masculine plural + 2nd masculine singular suffix - in your treasuries" }, "variants": { "*ḥoḵmāh*": "wisdom/skill", "*tḇûnāh*": "understanding/discernment/intelligence", "*ḥāyil*": "wealth/might/strength/army/force", "*ʾôṣərôt*": "treasuries/storehouses/treasures" } } 5 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.28.5", "source": "בְּרֹ֧ב חָכְמָתְךָ֛ בִּרְכֻלָּתְךָ֖ הִרְבִּ֣יתָ חֵילֶ֑ךָ וַיִּגְבַּ֥הּ לְבָבְךָ֖ בְּחֵילֶֽךָ׃ ס", "text": "*bə-rōḇ* *ḥoḵmātəḵā* *bi-rḵullātəḵā* *hirbîtā* *ḥêleḵā* *wa-yyiḡbah* *ləḇāḇəḵā* *bə-ḥêleḵā*", "grammar": { "*bə-rōḇ*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - by greatness/abundance of", "*ḥoḵmātəḵā*": "noun feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your wisdom", "*bi-rḵullātəḵā*": "preposition + noun feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - in your trading/merchandise", "*hirbîtā*": "hiphil perfect 2nd masculine singular - you have increased/multiplied", "*ḥêleḵā*": "noun masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your wealth/might", "*wa-yyiḡbah*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it has become high/lifted up", "*ləḇāḇəḵā*": "noun masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your heart", "*bə-ḥêleḵā*": "preposition + noun masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - because of your wealth/might" }, "variants": { "*rōḇ*": "abundance/greatness/multitude", "*rḵullāh*": "trading/traffic/merchandise", "*ḥêl*": "wealth/might/strength/power", "*ləḇāḇ*": "heart/mind/inner being" } } 6 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.28.6", "source": "לָכֵ֕ן כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה יַ֛עַן תִּתְּךָ֥ אֶת־לְבָבְךָ֖ כְּלֵ֥ב אֱלֹהִֽים׃", "text": "*lāḵēn* *kōh* *ʾāmar* *ʾăḏōnāy* *YHWH* *yaʿan* *tittəḵā* *ʾet*-*ləḇāḇəḵā* *kə-lēḇ* *ʾĕlōhîm*", "grammar": { "*lāḵēn*": "adverb - therefore", "*kōh*": "adverb - thus", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - says", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "divine title - Lord/Master", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*yaʿan*": "conjunction - because", "*tittəḵā*": "qal infinitive construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your setting/making", "*ʾet*-*ləḇāḇəḵā*": "direct object marker + noun masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your heart", "*kə-lēḇ*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - like the heart of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun masculine plural - gods/God" }, "variants": { "*tittəḵā*": "your setting/making/placing", "*ləḇāḇ*": "heart/mind/inner self", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God (singular meaning despite plural form)/gods/divine beings" } } 7 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.28.7", "source": "לָכֵ֗ן הִנְנִ֨י מֵבִ֤יא עָלֶ֙יךָ֙ זָרִ֔ים עָרִיצֵ֖י גּוֹיִ֑ם וְהֵרִ֤יקוּ חַרְבוֹתָם֙ עַל־יְפִ֣י חָכְמָתֶ֔ךָ וְחִלְּל֖וּ יִפְעָתֶֽךָ׃", "text": "*lāḵēn* *hinənî* *mēḇîʾ* *ʿāleḵā* *zārîm* *ʿārîṣê* *gôyim* *wə-hērîqû* *ḥarḇôtām* *ʿal*-*yəp̄î* *ḥoḵmāteḵā* *wə-ḥillēlû* *yip̄ʿāteḵā*", "grammar": { "*lāḵēn*": "adverb - therefore", "*hinənî*": "interjection + 1st person singular suffix - behold me/I am", "*mēḇîʾ*": "hiphil participle masculine singular - bringing", "*ʿāleḵā*": "preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - against you", "*zārîm*": "adjective masculine plural - strangers/foreigners", "*ʿārîṣê*": "adjective masculine plural construct - terrible/ruthless ones of", "*gôyim*": "noun masculine plural - nations", "*wə-hērîqû*": "conjunction + hiphil perfect 3rd common plural - and they will draw out/unsheathe", "*ḥarḇôtām*": "noun feminine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their swords", "*ʿal*-*yəp̄î*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - against the beauty of", "*ḥoḵmāteḵā*": "noun feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your wisdom", "*wə-ḥillēlû*": "conjunction + piel perfect 3rd common plural - and they will profane/defile", "*yip̄ʿāteḵā*": "noun feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your splendor" }, "variants": { "*zārîm*": "strangers/foreigners/enemies", "*ʿārîṣê*": "terrible/ruthless/violent ones of", "*hērîqû*": "they will draw/unsheathe/empty", "*yəp̄î*": "beauty/splendor/glory", "*ḥillēlû*": "they will profane/defile/pollute", "*yip̄ʿāteḵā*": "your splendor/brightness/beauty" } } 8 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.28.8", "source": "לַשַּׁ֖חַת יֽוֹרִד֑וּךָ וָמַ֛תָּה מְמוֹתֵ֥י חָלָ֖ל בְּלֵ֥ב יַמִּֽים׃", "text": "*la-ššaḥat* *yôrîḏûḵā* *wā-mattāh* *məmôtê* *ḥālāl* *bə-lēḇ* *yammîm*", "grammar": { "*la-ššaḥat*": "preposition + definite article + noun feminine singular - to the pit", "*yôrîḏûḵā*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural + 2nd masculine singular suffix - they will bring you down", "*wā-mattāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - and you will die", "*məmôtê*": "noun masculine plural construct - deaths of", "*ḥālāl*": "adjective masculine singular - slain/pierced", "*bə-lēḇ*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - in the heart/midst of", "*yammîm*": "noun masculine plural - seas" }, "variants": { "*šaḥat*": "pit/grave/destruction", "*məmôtê*": "deaths of/like those who die", "*ḥālāl*": "slain/pierced/wounded", "*lēḇ*": "heart/midst/center", "*yammîm*": "seas/ocean/waters" } } 9 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.28.9", "source": "הֶאָמֹ֤ר תֹּאמַר֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אָ֔נִי לִפְנֵ֖י הֹֽרְגֶ֑ךָ וְאַתָּ֥ה אָדָ֛ם וְלֹא־אֵ֖ל בְּיַ֥ד מְחַלְלֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "*he-ʾāmōr* *tōʾmar* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾānî* *li-p̄nê* *hōrḡeḵā* *wə-ʾattāh* *ʾāḏām* *wə-lōʾ*-*ʾēl* *bə-yaḏ* *məḥaləleḵā*", "grammar": { "*he-ʾāmōr*": "interrogative particle + qal infinitive absolute - will saying", "*tōʾmar*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you say", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun masculine plural - gods/God", "*ʾānî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*li-p̄nê*": "preposition + plural construct - before/in the presence of", "*hōrḡeḵā*": "qal participle + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your slayer", "*wə-ʾattāh*": "conjunction + 2nd masculine singular pronoun - but you", "*ʾāḏām*": "noun masculine singular - man/human", "*wə-lōʾ*-*ʾēl*": "conjunction + negative particle + noun masculine singular - and not god", "*bə-yaḏ*": "preposition + noun feminine singular construct - in the hand of", "*məḥaləleḵā*": "piel participle masculine plural + 2nd masculine singular suffix - those who pierce/wound you" }, "variants": { "*he-ʾāmōr* *tōʾmar*": "will you indeed say/will you still say", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God (singular meaning despite plural form)/gods/divine beings", "*hōrḡeḵā*": "your slayer/killer", "*məḥaləleḵā*": "those who pierce/wound/profane you" } } 10 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.28.10", "source": "מוֹתֵ֧י עֲרֵלִ֛ים תָּמ֖וּת בְּיַד־זָרִ֑ים כִּ֚י אֲנִ֣י דִבַּ֔רְתִּי נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ ס", "text": "*môtê* *ʿărēlîm* *tāmût* *bə-yaḏ*-*zārîm* *kî* *ʾănî* *ḏibbartî* *nəʾum* *ʾăḏōnāy* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*môtê*": "noun masculine plural construct - deaths of", "*ʿărēlîm*": "adjective masculine plural - uncircumcised", "*tāmût*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you will die", "*bə-yaḏ*-*zārîm*": "preposition + noun feminine singular construct + adjective masculine plural - by the hand of foreigners", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*ḏibbartî*": "piel perfect 1st person singular - I have spoken", "*nəʾum*": "noun masculine singular construct - declaration of", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "divine title - Lord/Master", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD" }, "variants": { "*môtê*": "deaths of/like those who die", "*ʿărēlîm*": "uncircumcised/foreigners", "*zārîm*": "foreigners/strangers/enemies", "*nəʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle of" } }
• Dan 5:22-24 : 22 { "verseID": "Daniel.5.22", "source": "וְאַ֤נְתְּ בְּרֵהּ֙ בֵּלְשַׁאצַּ֔ר לָ֥א הַשְׁפֵּ֖לְתְּ לִבְבָ֑ךְ כָּל־קֳבֵ֕ל דִּ֥י כָל־דְּנָ֖ה יְדַֽעְתָּ׃", "text": "And-*ʾantĕ* *bĕrēh* *Bēlšaṣṣar* *lāʾ* *hašpēltĕ* *libĕbāk* *kol-qŏbēl* that all-this *yĕdaʿtā*.", "grammar": { "*wĕʾantĕ*": "conjunction + pronoun, 2nd masculine singular - and you", "*bĕrēh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his son", "*Bēlšaṣṣar*": "proper noun, masculine - Belshazzar", "*lāʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*hašpēltĕ*": "verb, Haphel, 2nd masculine singular, perfect - you have humbled", "*libĕbāk*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your heart", "*kol-qŏbēl*": "adverbial phrase - although/even though", "*dî*": "relative particle - that", "*kol-dĕnâh*": "pronoun, masculine singular - all this", "*yĕdaʿtā*": "verb, Peal, 2nd masculine singular, perfect - you knew" }, "variants": { "*bĕrēh*": "his son/descendant", "*hašpēltĕ*": "you have humbled/you have abased/you have lowered", "*libĕbāk*": "your heart/your mind/your understanding", "*kol-qŏbēl*": "although/even though/despite the fact that", "*yĕdaʿtā*": "you knew/you were aware/you had knowledge" } } 23 { "verseID": "Daniel.5.23", "source": "וְעַ֣ל מָרֵֽא־שְׁמַיָּ֣א ׀ הִתְרוֹמַ֡מְתָּ וּלְמָֽאנַיָּ֨א דִֽי־בַיְתֵ֜הּ הַיְתִ֣יו קדמיך קָֽדָמָ֗ךְ ואנתה וְאַ֨נְתְּ ורברבניך וְרַבְרְבָנָ֜ךְ שֵֽׁגְלָתָ֣ךְ וּלְחֵנָתָךְ֮ חַמְרָא֮ שָׁתַ֣יִן בְּהוֹן֒ וְלֵֽאלָהֵ֣י כַסְפָּֽא־וְ֠דַהֲבָא נְחָשָׁ֨א פַרְזְלָ֜א אָעָ֣א וְאַבְנָ֗א דִּ֠י לָֽא־חָזַ֧יִן וְלָא־שָׁמְעִ֛ין וְלָ֥א יָדְעִ֖ין שַׁבַּ֑חְתָּ וְלֵֽאלָהָ֞א דִּֽי־נִשְׁמְתָ֥ךְ בִּידֵ֛הּ וְכָל־אֹרְחָתָ֥ךְ לֵ֖הּ לָ֥א הַדַּֽרְתָּ׃", "text": "And against *māreʾ-shəmayyāʾ* *hiṯərôməmətā* and vessels *dî-ḇayṯeh* *hayṯîw* before *qāḏāmāḵ* and you *wəʾantə* and your nobles *wəraḇrəḇānāḵ* your wives *šeḡəlāṯāḵ* and your concubines *ûləḥenāṯāḵ* *ḥamrāʾ* *šāṯayin* with them, and to gods of silver and gold, bronze, iron, wood, and stone, which not see and not hear and not know you *šabbaḥətā*; and to *ʾelāhāʾ* *dî* your breath *nišmətāḵ* in his hand *bîḏeh* and all your ways to him not *haddarətā*.", "grammar": { "*māreʾ-shəmayyāʾ*": "construct state - Lord of heaven", "*hiṯərôməmətā*": "Hithpaal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you have lifted yourself up", "*dî-ḇayṯeh*": "relative particle + noun + possessive suffix - of his house", "*hayṯîw*": "Haphel perfect, 3rd person plural - they brought", "*qāḏāmāḵ*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - before you", "*wəʾantə*": "conjunction + 2nd person masculine singular pronoun - and you", "*wəraḇrəḇānāḵ*": "conjunction + noun plural + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and your nobles", "*šeḡəlāṯāḵ*": "noun plural + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your wives", "*ûləḥenāṯāḵ*": "conjunction + preposition + noun plural + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and your concubines", "*ḥamrāʾ*": "noun - wine", "*šāṯayin*": "participle plural - drinking", "*šabbaḥətā*": "Pael perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you have praised", "*ʾelāhāʾ*": "emphatic state - the God", "*dî*": "relative particle - who/which", "*nišmətāḵ*": "noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your breath", "*bîḏeh*": "preposition + noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his hand", "*haddarətā*": "Pael perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you have honored" }, "variants": { "*māreʾ-shəmayyāʾ*": "Lord of heaven/Master of the heavens", "*hiṯərôməmətā*": "lifted yourself up/exalted yourself/shown arrogance", "*hayṯîw*": "they brought/were brought", "*šāṯayin*": "drinking/were drinking", "*šabbaḥətā*": "praised/glorified/honored", "*ʾelāhāʾ*": "God/the god/deity", "*haddarətā*": "honored/glorified/given honor to" } } 24 { "verseID": "Daniel.5.24", "source": "בֵּאדַ֙יִן֙ מִן־קֳדָמ֔וֹהִי שְׁלִ֖יַחַ פַּסָּ֣א דִֽי־יְדָ֑א וּכְתָבָ֥א דְנָ֖ה רְשִֽׁים׃", "text": "Then *beʾḏayin* from before him *min-qoḏāmôhî* sent *šəlîaḥ* *passāʾ* *dî-yəḏāʾ* and writing *ûḵəṯāḇāʾ* this *ḏənāh* inscribed *rəšîm*.", "grammar": { "*beʾḏayin*": "temporal adverb - then/at that time", "*min-qoḏāmôhî*": "preposition + preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - from before him", "*šəlîaḥ*": "Peal passive participle - was sent", "*passāʾ*": "noun - palm/part", "*dî-yəḏāʾ*": "relative particle + noun - of hand", "*ûḵəṯāḇāʾ*": "conjunction + noun - and writing", "*ḏənāh*": "demonstrative pronoun - this", "*rəšîm*": "Peal passive participle - was inscribed/written" }, "variants": { "*beʾḏayin*": "then/at that time/immediately", "*šəlîaḥ*": "was sent/was dispatched", "*passāʾ*": "palm/part/portion", "*rəšîm*": "inscribed/written/recorded" } }
• Luke 14:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Luke.14.11", "source": "Ὅτι πᾶς ὁ ὑψῶν ἑαυτὸν ταπεινωθήσεται· καὶ ὁ ταπεινῶν ἑαυτὸν ὑψωθήσεται.", "text": "For everyone *hypsōn heauton tapeinōthēsetai*; and the one *tapeinōn heauton hypsōthēsetai*.", "grammar": { "*hoti*": "conjunction - for/because", "*pas*": "adjective, nominative, masculine, singular - everyone/all", "*hypsōn*": "present participle, active, nominative, masculine, singular - exalting/lifting up", "*heauton*": "reflexive pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular - himself", "*tapeinōthēsetai*": "future, 3rd singular, passive - will be humbled/brought low", "*tapeinōn*": "present participle, active, nominative, masculine, singular - humbling/lowering", "*hypsōthēsetai*": "future, 3rd singular, passive - will be exalted/lifted up" }, "variants": { "*hoti*": "for/because/that", "*hypsōn*": "exalting/lifting up/elevating", "*heauton*": "himself/oneself", "*tapeinōthēsetai*": "will be humbled/will be brought low/will be abased", "*tapeinōn*": "humbling/lowering/abasing", "*hypsōthēsetai*": "will be exalted/will be lifted up/will be elevated" } }
• Luke 18:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Luke.18.14", "source": "Λέγω ὑμῖν, κατέβη οὗτος δεδικαιωμένος εἰς τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ ἢ ἐκεῖνος: ὅτι πᾶς ὁ ὑψῶν ἑαυτὸν ταπεινωθήσεται· ὁ δὲ ταπεινῶν ἑαυτὸν ὑψωθήσεται.", "text": "*Legō* to-you, *katebē* this one *dedikaiōmenos* into the *oikon* of-him rather-than that-one: for all the one *hypsōn* *heauton* *tapeinōthēsetai*; the *de* one *tapeinōn* *heauton* *hypsōthēsetai*.", "grammar": { "*Legō*": "present active indicative, 1st person singular - I say/tell", "*katebē*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - went down", "*dedikaiōmenos*": "perfect passive participle, nominative masculine singular - having been justified", "*oikon*": "accusative masculine singular - house/home", "*hypsōn*": "present active participle, nominative masculine singular - lifting up/exalting", "*heauton*": "accusative reflexive pronoun, masculine singular - himself", "*tapeinōthēsetai*": "future passive indicative, 3rd person singular - will be humbled", "*de*": "conjunction, adversative/transitional - but/and", "*tapeinōn*": "present active participle, nominative masculine singular - humbling", "*hypsōthēsetai*": "future passive indicative, 3rd person singular - will be exalted" }, "variants": { "*katebē*": "went down/returned/descended", "*dedikaiōmenos*": "having been justified/declared righteous", "*oikon*": "house/home/household", "*hypsōn*": "lifting up/exalting/elevating", "*tapeinōthēsetai*": "will be humbled/brought low", "*tapeinōn*": "humbling/bringing low", "*hypsōthēsetai*": "will be exalted/lifted up/elevated" } }
• Gal 3:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Galatians.3.13", "source": "Χριστὸς ἡμᾶς ἐξηγόρασεν ἐκ τῆς κατάρας τοῦ νόμου, γενόμενος ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν κατάρα: γέγραπται γὰρ, Ἐπικατάρατος πᾶς ὁ κρεμάμενος ἐπὶ ξύλου:", "text": "*Christos* us *exēgorasen* out of the *kataras* of the *nomou*, *genomenos* for us *katara*: for it has been *gegraptai*, '*Epikataratos* everyone *kremamenos* upon *xylou*:'", "grammar": { "*Christos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Christ/Messiah/Anointed One", "*exēgorasen*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd person, singular - redeemed/bought back", "*kataras*": "genitive, feminine, singular - curse", "*nomou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - law", "*genomenos*": "aorist, middle, participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having become", "*katara*": "nominative, feminine, singular - curse", "*gegraptai*": "perfect, passive, indicative, 3rd person, singular - it has been written/it stands written", "*Epikataratos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - cursed", "*kremamenos*": "present, middle/passive, participle, nominative, masculine, singular - being hanged", "*xylou*": "genitive, neuter, singular - tree/wood/timber" }, "variants": { "*Christos*": "Christ/Messiah/Anointed One", "*exēgorasen*": "redeemed/bought back/ransomed/purchased", "*kataras*": "curse/imprecation/condemnation", "*nomou*": "law/legal system/Torah", "*genomenos*": "having become/being made", "*katara*": "curse/object of cursing", "*Epikataratos*": "cursed/under a curse", "*kremamenos*": "being hanged/suspended", "*xylou*": "tree/wood/timber/stake" } }
• Jas 4:6 : 6 { "verseID": "James.4.6", "source": "Μείζονα δὲ δίδωσιν χάριν. Διὸ λέγει, Ὁ Θεὸς ὑπερηφάνοις ἀντιτάσσεται, ταπεινοῖς δὲ δίδωσιν χάριν.", "text": "*Meizona de didōsin charin*. Therefore it *legei*, The *Theos hyperēphanois antitassetai*, to *tapeinois de didōsin charin*.", "grammar": { "*Meizona*": "accusative, feminine/masculine/neuter, singular, comparative - greater", "*de*": "conjunction - but/and/now", "*didōsin*": "present active indicative, 3rd singular - gives/grants", "*charin*": "accusative, feminine, singular - grace/favor", "*legei*": "present active indicative, 3rd singular - says/speaks", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*hyperēphanois*": "dative, masculine, plural - proud/arrogant", "*antitassetai*": "present middle indicative, 3rd singular - opposes/resists", "*tapeinois*": "dative, masculine, plural - humble/lowly", "*didōsin*": "present active indicative, 3rd singular - gives/grants" }, "variants": { "*Meizona*": "greater/larger/more", "*didōsin*": "gives/grants/bestows", "*charin*": "grace/favor/kindness", "*legei*": "says/speaks/tells", "*hyperēphanois*": "proud/arrogant/haughty", "*antitassetai*": "opposes/resists/sets himself against", "*tapeinois*": "humble/lowly/poor" } }
• 1 Pet 5:5 : 5 { "verseID": "1 Peter.5.5", "source": "Ὁμοίως, νεώτεροι, ὑποτάγητε πρεσβυτέροις. Πάντες δὲ ἀλλήλοις ὑποτασσόμενοι, τὴν ταπεινοφροσύνην ἐγκομβώσασθε: ὅτι ὁ Θεὸς ὑπερηφάνοις ἀντιτάσσεται, ταπεινοῖς δὲ δίδωσιν χάριν.", "text": "*Homoiōs*, *neōteroi*, *hypotagēte* *presbyterois*. *Pantes* but *allēlois* *hypotassomenoi*, the *tapeinophrosynēn* *egkombōsasthe*: because the *Theos* *hyperēphanois* *antitassetai*, to *tapeinois* but *didōsin* *charin*.", "grammar": { "*Homoiōs*": "adverb - likewise/similarly", "*neōteroi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - younger ones", "*hypotagēte*": "aorist, imperative, passive, 2nd person plural - be subject/submit", "*presbyterois*": "dative, masculine, plural - to elders", "*Pantes*": "nominative, masculine, plural - all", "*allēlois*": "dative, masculine, plural - to one another", "*hypotassomenoi*": "present participle, middle, nominative, masculine, plural - submitting", "*tapeinophrosynēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - humility/lowliness of mind", "*egkombōsasthe*": "aorist, imperative, middle, 2nd person plural - clothe yourselves/tie on", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*hyperēphanois*": "dative, masculine, plural - to proud ones", "*antitassetai*": "present, indicative, middle, 3rd person singular - opposes/sets against", "*tapeinois*": "dative, masculine, plural - to humble ones", "*didōsin*": "present, indicative, active, 3rd person singular - gives", "*charin*": "accusative, feminine, singular - grace/favor" }, "variants": { "*Homoiōs*": "likewise/similarly/in the same way", "*neōteroi*": "younger ones/younger men/youth", "*hypotagēte*": "submit/be subject/be subordinate", "*presbyterois*": "elders/older ones/presbyters", "*hypotassomenoi*": "submitting/subjecting/being subordinate", "*tapeinophrosynēn*": "humility/lowliness of mind/humble-mindedness", "*egkombōsasthe*": "clothe yourselves/tie on/gird on [like an apron]", "*hyperēphanois*": "proud/arrogant/haughty", "*antitassetai*": "opposes/sets against/resists", "*tapeinois*": "humble/lowly/those of low position", "*charin*": "grace/favor/goodwill" } }
• Ps 119:78 : 78 { "verseID": "Psalms.119.78", "source": "יֵבֹ֣שׁוּ זֵ֭דִים כִּי־שֶׁ֣קֶר עִוְּת֑וּנִי אֲ֝נִ֗י אָשִׂ֥יחַ בְּפִקּוּדֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "Let be ashamed *yēḇōšû* the insolent *zēḏîm* for *kî* falsely *šeqer* they have wronged me *ʿiwwəṯûnî*; I *ʾănî* will meditate *ʾāśîaḥ* on your precepts *bəp̄iqqûḏêḵā*.", "grammar": { "*yēḇōšû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural jussive - let them be ashamed", "*zēḏîm*": "adjective masculine plural - insolent/proud ones", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*šeqer*": "noun masculine singular - falsehood/lie", "*ʿiwwəṯûnî*": "piel perfect 3rd person common plural + 1st person singular suffix - they have perverted/wronged me", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I, myself", "*ʾāśîaḥ*": "qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will meditate/muse", "*bəp̄iqqûḏêḵā*": "preposition + masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - on your precepts" }, "variants": { "*yēḇōšû*": "let them be ashamed/may they be put to shame", "*zēḏîm*": "proud/insolent/arrogant ones", "*šeqer*": "falsely/with falsehood/with lies", "*ʿiwwəṯûnî*": "they have wronged me/they have dealt falsely with me/they have perverted my cause", "*ʾāśîaḥ*": "I will meditate/I will ponder/I will consider", "*p̄iqqûḏêḵā*": "your precepts/your commands/your instructions" } }
• Ps 119:110 : 110 { "verseID": "Psalms.119.110", "source": "נָתְנ֬וּ רְשָׁעִ֣ים פַּ֣ח לִ֑י וּ֝מִפִּקּוּדֶ֗יךָ לֹ֣א תָעִֽיתִי׃", "text": "*nātənû* *rəšāʿîm* *paḥ* to-me and-from-*piqqûdêkā* not *tāʿîtî*", "grammar": { "*nātənû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they have set/placed", "*rəšāʿîm*": "masculine plural adjective - wicked ones", "*paḥ*": "masculine singular noun - snare/trap", "*piqqûdêkā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your precepts", "*tāʿîtî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I have strayed/wandered", "*lî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - to/for me", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*mi-*": "preposition - from", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not" }, "variants": { "*nātənû*": "they have set/placed/put", "*rəšāʿîm*": "wicked ones/the wicked/evil people", "*paḥ*": "snare/trap/net", "*piqqûdêkā*": "your precepts/orders/commands", "*tāʿîtî*": "I have strayed/wandered/gone astray" } }
• Exod 10:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Exodus.10.3", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֨א מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאַהֲרֹן֮ אֶל־פַּרְעֹה֒ וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֗יו כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י הָֽעִבְרִ֔ים עַד־מָתַ֣י מֵאַ֔נְתָּ לֵעָנֹ֖ת מִפָּנָ֑י שַׁלַּ֥ח עַמִּ֖י וְיַֽעַבְדֻֽנִי׃", "text": "*wa-yābōʾ* *mōšeh* *wə-ʾahărōn* *ʾel-parʿōh* *wa-yōʾmərû* *ʾēlāyw* *kōh-ʾāmar* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê* *hā-ʿibrîm* *ʿad-mātay* *mēʾantā* *lēʿānōt* *mi-pānāy* *šallaḥ* *ʿammî* *wə-yaʿabdûnî*", "grammar": { "*wa-yābōʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and came", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*wə-ʾahărōn*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Aaron", "*ʾel-parʿōh*": "preposition + proper noun - to Pharaoh", "*wa-yōʾmərû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they said", "*ʾēlāyw*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*kōh-ʾāmar*": "adverb + Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - thus says", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun masculine plural construct - God of", "*hā-ʿibrîm*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - the Hebrews", "*ʿad-mātay*": "preposition + interrogative - until when/how long", "*mēʾantā*": "Piel perfect 2nd masculine singular - you have refused", "*lēʿānōt*": "preposition + Niphal infinitive construct - to be humbled", "*mi-pānāy*": "preposition + noun common plural with 1st person singular suffix - from my face/presence", "*šallaḥ*": "Piel imperative masculine singular - send away/let go", "*ʿammî*": "noun masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*wə-yaʿabdûnî*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - that they may serve me" }, "variants": { "*mēʾantā*": "refused/declined/rejected", "*lēʿānōt*": "to be humbled/to humble yourself/to submit", "*mi-pānāy*": "from my face/before me/from my presence" } }
• Exod 18:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Exodus.18.11", "source": "עַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֔עְתִּי כִּֽי־גָד֥וֹל יְהוָ֖ה מִכָּל־הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים כִּ֣י בַדָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר זָד֖וּ עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "Now *yādaʿtî* that-*gādôl* *YHWH* from-all-*hāʾĕlōhîm* for in-*haddābār* which *zādû* against-them", "grammar": { "*yādaʿtî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I know", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*hāʾĕlōhîm*": "article with noun, masculine plural - the gods/divine beings", "*haddābār*": "article with noun, masculine singular - the thing/matter", "*zādû*": "perfect, 3rd plural - they acted presumptuously/proudly" }, "variants": { "*gādôl*": "great/greater/greatest", "*hāʾĕlōhîm*": "the gods/divine beings/mighty ones", "*haddābār*": "the matter/thing/affair", "*zādû*": "they acted presumptuously/acted proudly/were arrogant/dealt arrogantly" } }
• Deut 27:15-26 : 15 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.27.15", "source": "אָר֣וּר הָאִ֡ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יַעֲשֶׂה֩ פֶ֨סֶל וּמַסֵּכָ֜ה תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת יְהוָ֗ה מַעֲשֵׂ֛ה יְדֵ֥י חָרָ֖שׁ וְשָׂ֣ם בַּסָּ֑תֶר וְעָנ֧וּ כָל־הָעָ֛ם וְאָמְר֖וּ אָמֵֽן׃", "text": "*ʾārûr* *hā-ʾîš* *ʾăšer* *yaʿăśeh* *pesel* *û-massēkāh* *tôʿăḇat* *YHWH* *maʿăśēh* *yədê* *ḥārāš* *wə-śām* *bas-sāter* *wə-ʿānû* *kol*-*hā-ʿām* *wə-ʾāmrû* *ʾāmēn*", "grammar": { "*ʾārûr*": "Qal passive participle masculine singular - cursed", "*hā-ʾîš*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the man", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who", "*yaʿăśeh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - makes", "*pesel*": "noun masculine singular - carved image", "*û-massēkāh*": "conjunctive waw + noun feminine singular - and molten image", "*tôʿăḇat*": "noun feminine singular construct - abomination of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*maʿăśēh*": "noun masculine singular construct - work of", "*yədê*": "noun feminine dual construct - hands of", "*ḥārāš*": "noun masculine singular - craftsman", "*wə-śām*": "conjunctive waw + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and sets/places", "*bas-sāter*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - in secret", "*wə-ʿānû*": "conjunctive waw + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural - and shall answer", "*kol*": "noun masculine singular construct - all", "*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the people", "*wə-ʾāmrû*": "conjunctive waw + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural - and shall say", "*ʾāmēn*": "adverb - amen/truly/so be it" }, "variants": { "*ʾārûr*": "cursed/banned/under divine judgment", "*pesel*": "carved image/idol/graven image", "*massēkāh*": "molten image/cast idol/metal statue", "*tôʿăḇat*": "abomination/detestable thing", "*ḥārāš*": "craftsman/artisan/engraver", "*śām*": "places/sets/puts", "*sāter*": "secret/hiding/concealment", "*ʾāmēn*": "truly/so be it/verily" } } 16 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.27.16", "source": "אָר֕וּר מַקְלֶ֥ה אָבִ֖יו וְאִמּ֑וֹ וְאָמַ֥ר כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אָמֵֽן׃", "text": "*ʾārûr* *maqleh* *ʾāḇîw* *wə-ʾimmô* *wə-ʾāmar* *kol*-*hā-ʿām* *ʾāmēn*", "grammar": { "*ʾārûr*": "Qal passive participle masculine singular - cursed", "*maqleh*": "Hiphil participle masculine singular - dishonors/treats lightly", "*ʾāḇîw*": "noun masculine singular construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his father", "*wə-ʾimmô*": "conjunctive waw + noun feminine singular construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his mother", "*wə-ʾāmar*": "conjunctive waw + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and shall say", "*kol*": "noun masculine singular construct - all", "*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the people", "*ʾāmēn*": "adverb - amen/truly/so be it" }, "variants": { "*ʾārûr*": "cursed/banned/under divine judgment", "*maqleh*": "dishonors/treats lightly/despises/curses", "*ʾāmēn*": "truly/so be it/verily" } } 17 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.27.17", "source": "אָר֕וּר מַסִּ֖יג גְּב֣וּל רֵעֵ֑הוּ וְאָמַ֥ר כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אָמֵֽן׃", "text": "*ʾārûr* *massîg* *gəḇûl* *rēʿēhû* *wə-ʾāmar* *kol*-*hā-ʿām* *ʾāmēn*", "grammar": { "*ʾārûr*": "Qal passive participle masculine singular - cursed", "*massîg*": "Hiphil participle masculine singular - removes/moves", "*gəḇûl*": "noun masculine singular construct - boundary of", "*rēʿēhû*": "noun masculine singular construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his neighbor", "*wə-ʾāmar*": "conjunctive waw + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and shall say", "*kol*": "noun masculine singular construct - all", "*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the people", "*ʾāmēn*": "adverb - amen/truly/so be it" }, "variants": { "*ʾārûr*": "cursed/banned/under divine judgment", "*massîg*": "removes/moves/displaces", "*gəḇûl*": "boundary/border/landmark", "*rēʿēhû*": "his neighbor/fellow/friend", "*ʾāmēn*": "truly/so be it/verily" } } 18 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.27.18", "source": "אָר֕וּר מַשְׁגֶּ֥ה עִוֵּ֖ר בַּדָּ֑רֶךְ וְאָמַ֥ר כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אָמֵֽן׃", "text": "*ʾārûr* *mašgeh* *ʿiwwēr* *bad-dārek* *wə-ʾāmar* *kol*-*hā-ʿām* *ʾāmēn*", "grammar": { "*ʾārûr*": "Qal passive participle masculine singular - cursed", "*mašgeh*": "Hiphil participle masculine singular - misleads/leads astray", "*ʿiwwēr*": "adjective masculine singular - blind", "*bad-dārek*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - in the way", "*wə-ʾāmar*": "conjunctive waw + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and shall say", "*kol*": "noun masculine singular construct - all", "*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the people", "*ʾāmēn*": "adverb - amen/truly/so be it" }, "variants": { "*ʾārûr*": "cursed/banned/under divine judgment", "*mašgeh*": "misleads/leads astray/causes to err", "*ʿiwwēr*": "blind person/the blind", "*dārek*": "way/road/path", "*ʾāmēn*": "truly/so be it/verily" } } 19 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.27.19", "source": "אָר֗וּר מַטֶּ֛ה מִשְׁפַּ֥ט גֵּר־יָת֖וֹם וְאַלְמָנָ֑ה וְאָמַ֥ר כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אָמֵֽן׃", "text": "*ʾārûr* *maṭṭeh* *mišpāṭ* *gēr*-*yātôm* *wə*-*ʾalmānāh* *wə*-*ʾāmar* *kol*-*hāʿām* *ʾāmēn*", "grammar": { "*ʾārûr*": "passive participle, masculine singular - cursed", "*maṭṭeh*": "Hiphil participle, masculine singular construct - one who turns aside/perverts", "*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - judgment/justice of", "*gēr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - stranger/sojourner/alien", "*yātôm*": "noun, masculine singular - orphan/fatherless", "*wə*-*ʾalmānāh*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and widow", "*wə*-*ʾāmar*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and shall say", "*kol*-*hāʿām*": "noun construct + definite article + noun - all the people", "*ʾāmēn*": "interjection - so be it/truly/verily" }, "variants": { "*ʾārûr*": "cursed/under a curse", "*maṭṭeh*": "one who turns aside/perverts/distorts", "*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/legal right", "*gēr*": "stranger/sojourner/foreigner/resident alien", "*yātôm*": "orphan/fatherless one", "*ʾalmānāh*": "widow/widowed woman", "*ʾāmar*": "say/speak/declare", "*ʾāmēn*": "truly/so be it/confirmed" } } 20 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.27.20", "source": "אָר֗וּר שֹׁכֵב֙ עִם־אֵ֣שֶׁת אָבִ֔יו כִּ֥י גִלָּ֖ה כְּנַ֣ף אָבִ֑יו וְאָמַ֥ר כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אָמֵֽן׃", "text": "*ʾārûr* *šōkēb* *ʿim*-*ʾēšet* *ʾābîw* *kî* *gillāh* *kənap* *ʾābîw* *wə*-*ʾāmar* *kol*-*hāʿām* *ʾāmēn*", "grammar": { "*ʾārûr*": "passive participle, masculine singular - cursed", "*šōkēb*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - one who lies", "*ʿim*-*ʾēšet*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - with wife of", "*ʾābîw*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his father", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for", "*gillāh*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has uncovered", "*kənap*": "noun, masculine singular construct - edge/corner/covering of", "*ʾābîw*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his father", "*wə*-*ʾāmar*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and shall say", "*kol*-*hāʿām*": "noun construct + definite article + noun - all the people", "*ʾāmēn*": "interjection - so be it/truly/verily" }, "variants": { "*ʾārûr*": "cursed/under a curse", "*šōkēb*": "one who lies/sleeps with", "*ʾēšet*": "wife of/woman of", "*kî*": "because/for/that", "*gillāh*": "uncovered/exposed/revealed", "*kənap*": "edge/corner/skirt/covering - euphemism for sexual intimacy", "*ʾāmar*": "say/speak/declare", "*ʾāmēn*": "truly/so be it/confirmed" } } 21 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.27.21", "source": "אָר֕וּר שֹׁכֵ֖ב עִם־כָּל־בְּהֵמָ֑ה וְאָמַ֥ר כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אָמֵֽן׃", "text": "*ʾārûr* *šōkēb* *ʿim*-*kol*-*bəhēmāh* *wə*-*ʾāmar* *kol*-*hāʿām* *ʾāmēn*", "grammar": { "*ʾārûr*": "passive participle, masculine singular - cursed", "*šōkēb*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - one who lies", "*ʿim*-*kol*-*bəhēmāh*": "preposition + noun construct + noun, feminine singular - with any beast", "*wə*-*ʾāmar*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and shall say", "*kol*-*hāʿām*": "noun construct + definite article + noun - all the people", "*ʾāmēn*": "interjection - so be it/truly/verily" }, "variants": { "*ʾārûr*": "cursed/under a curse", "*šōkēb*": "one who lies/sleeps with", "*bəhēmāh*": "beast/animal/cattle", "*ʾāmar*": "say/speak/declare", "*ʾāmēn*": "truly/so be it/confirmed" } } 22 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.27.22", "source": "אָר֗וּר שֹׁכֵב֙ עִם־אֲחֹת֔וֹ בַּת־אָבִ֖יו א֣וֹ בַת־אִמּ֑וֹ וְאָמַ֥ר כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אָמֵֽן׃", "text": "*ʾārûr* *šōkēb* *ʿim*-*ʾăḥōtô* *bat*-*ʾābîw* *ʾô* *bat*-*ʾimmô* *wə*-*ʾāmar* *kol*-*hāʿām* *ʾāmēn*", "grammar": { "*ʾārûr*": "passive participle, masculine singular - cursed", "*šōkēb*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - one who lies", "*ʿim*-*ʾăḥōtô*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - with his sister", "*bat*-*ʾābîw*": "noun construct + noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - daughter of his father", "*ʾô*": "conjunction - or", "*bat*-*ʾimmô*": "noun construct + noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - daughter of his mother", "*wə*-*ʾāmar*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and shall say", "*kol*-*hāʿām*": "noun construct + definite article + noun - all the people", "*ʾāmēn*": "interjection - so be it/truly/verily" }, "variants": { "*ʾārûr*": "cursed/under a curse", "*šōkēb*": "one who lies/sleeps with", "*ʾăḥōtô*": "his sister", "*bat*": "daughter", "*ʾô*": "or/either", "*ʾāmar*": "say/speak/declare", "*ʾāmēn*": "truly/so be it/confirmed" } } 23 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.27.23", "source": "אָר֕וּר שֹׁכֵ֖ב עִם־חֹֽתַנְתּ֑וֹ וְאָמַ֥ר כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אָמֵֽן׃", "text": "*ʾārûr* *šōkēb* *ʿim*-*ḥōtantô* *wə*-*ʾāmar* *kol*-*hāʿām* *ʾāmēn*", "grammar": { "*ʾārûr*": "passive participle, masculine singular - cursed", "*šōkēb*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - one who lies", "*ʿim*-*ḥōtantô*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - with his mother-in-law", "*wə*-*ʾāmar*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and shall say", "*kol*-*hāʿām*": "noun construct + definite article + noun - all the people", "*ʾāmēn*": "interjection - so be it/truly/verily" }, "variants": { "*ʾārûr*": "cursed/under a curse", "*šōkēb*": "one who lies/sleeps with", "*ḥōtantô*": "his mother-in-law", "*ʾāmar*": "say/speak/declare", "*ʾāmēn*": "truly/so be it/confirmed" } } 24 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.27.24", "source": "אָר֕וּר מַכֵּ֥ה רֵעֵ֖הוּ בַּסָּ֑תֶר וְאָמַ֥ר כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אָמֵֽן׃", "text": "*ʾārûr* *makkēh* *rēʿēhû* *bassāter* *wə*-*ʾāmar* *kol*-*hāʿām* *ʾāmēn*", "grammar": { "*ʾārûr*": "passive participle, masculine singular - cursed", "*makkēh*": "Hiphil participle, masculine singular construct - one who strikes/smites", "*rēʿēhû*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his neighbor", "*bassāter*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the secret/hidden place", "*wə*-*ʾāmar*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and shall say", "*kol*-*hāʿām*": "noun construct + definite article + noun - all the people", "*ʾāmēn*": "interjection - so be it/truly/verily" }, "variants": { "*ʾārûr*": "cursed/under a curse", "*makkēh*": "one who strikes/smites/kills", "*rēʿēhû*": "his neighbor/friend/companion", "*bassāter*": "in secret/secretly/in hiding", "*ʾāmar*": "say/speak/declare", "*ʾāmēn*": "truly/so be it/confirmed" } } 25 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.27.25", "source": "אָרוּר֙ לֹקֵ֣חַ שֹׁ֔חַד לְהַכּ֥וֹת נֶ֖פֶשׁ דָּ֣ם נָקִ֑י וְאָמַ֥ר כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אָמֵֽן׃", "text": "*ʾārûr* *lōqēaḥ* *šōḥad* *ləhakkôt* *nepeš* *dām* *nāqî* *wə*-*ʾāmar* *kol*-*hāʿām* *ʾāmēn*", "grammar": { "*ʾārûr*": "passive participle, masculine singular - cursed", "*lōqēaḥ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - one who takes", "*šōḥad*": "noun, masculine singular - bribe", "*ləhakkôt*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - to strike/smite/kill", "*nepeš*": "noun, feminine singular construct - soul/life of", "*dām*": "noun, masculine singular construct - blood of", "*nāqî*": "adjective, masculine singular - innocent", "*wə*-*ʾāmar*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and shall say", "*kol*-*hāʿām*": "noun construct + definite article + noun - all the people", "*ʾāmēn*": "interjection - so be it/truly/verily" }, "variants": { "*ʾārûr*": "cursed/under a curse", "*lōqēaḥ*": "one who takes/accepts/receives", "*šōḥad*": "bribe/gift/payment", "*ləhakkôt*": "to strike/smite/kill", "*nepeš*": "soul/life/person", "*dām*": "blood/bloodshed", "*nāqî*": "innocent/clean/free from guilt", "*ʾāmar*": "say/speak/declare", "*ʾāmēn*": "truly/so be it/confirmed" } } 26 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.27.26", "source": "אָר֗וּר אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹא־יָקִ֛ים אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֥י הַתּוֹרָֽה־הַזֹּ֖את לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת אוֹתָ֑ם וְאָמַ֥ר כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אָמֵֽן׃", "text": "*ʾārûr* *ʾăšer* *lōʾ*-*yāqîm* *ʾet*-*dibrê* *hattôrāh*-*hazzōʾt* *laʿăśôt* *ʾôtām* *wə*-*ʾāmar* *kol*-*hāʿām* *ʾāmēn*", "grammar": { "*ʾārûr*": "passive participle, masculine singular - cursed", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who", "*lōʾ*-*yāqîm*": "negative particle + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will not establish/confirm", "*ʾet*-*dibrê*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine plural construct - the words of", "*hattôrāh*-*hazzōʾt*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular + definite article + demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this law", "*laʿăśôt*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to do/perform/fulfill", "*ʾôtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them", "*wə*-*ʾāmar*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and shall say", "*kol*-*hāʿām*": "noun construct + definite article + noun - all the people", "*ʾāmēn*": "interjection - so be it/truly/verily" }, "variants": { "*ʾārûr*": "cursed/under a curse", "*ʾăšer*": "who/which/that", "*yāqîm*": "establish/confirm/uphold/fulfill", "*dibrê*": "words/sayings/matters", "*tôrāh*": "law/instruction/teaching", "*hazzōʾt*": "this/this one", "*laʿăśôt*": "to do/perform/fulfill/keep", "*ʾāmar*": "say/speak/declare", "*ʾāmēn*": "truly/so be it/confirmed" } }
• Deut 28:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.15", "source": "וְהָיָ֗ה אִם־לֹ֤א תִשְׁמַע֙ בְּקוֹל֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ לִשְׁמֹ֤ר לַעֲשׂוֹת֙ אֶת־כָּל־מִצְוֺתָ֣יו וְחֻקֹּתָ֔יו אֲשֶׁ֛ר אָנֹכִ֥י מְצַוְּךָ֖ הַיּ֑וֹם וּבָ֧אוּ עָלֶ֛יךָ כָּל־הַקְּלָל֥וֹת הָאֵ֖לֶּה וְהִשִּׂיגֽוּךָ׃", "text": "And *hāyāh* if-not *tišmaʿ* in *qôl* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā* to *lišmōr* to *laʿăśôt* *ʾet*-all-*miṣwōtāyw* and *ḥuqqōtāyw* which *ʾānōkî* *mĕṣawwĕkā* the *hayyôm* and they will *bāʾû* upon *ʿālêkā* all-the *qĕlālôt* the *hāʾēlleh* and they will *hiśśîgûkā*.", "grammar": { "*hāyāh*": "perfect, consecutive, Qal, 3rd masculine singular - and it will happen", "*tišmaʿ*": "imperfect, Qal, 2nd masculine singular - you will listen/obey", "*qôl*": "masculine singular construct - voice of", "*YHWH*": "proper name - the LORD", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God", "*lišmōr*": "infinitive construct - to keep", "*laʿăśôt*": "infinitive construct - to do", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*miṣwōtāyw*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his commandments", "*ḥuqqōtāyw*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his statutes", "*ʾānōkî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*mĕṣawwĕkā*": "participle, Piel, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - commanding you", "*hayyôm*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the day/today", "*bāʾû*": "perfect, consecutive, Qal, 3rd plural - and they will come", "*ʿālêkā*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - upon you", "*qĕlālôt*": "feminine plural noun with definite article - the curses", "*hāʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative adjective - these", "*hiśśîgûkā*": "perfect, consecutive, Hiphil, 3rd plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - and they will overtake you" }, "variants": { "*lišmōr laʿăśôt*": "to observe to do/to carefully perform", "*miṣwōtāyw wĕḥuqqōtāyw*": "his commandments and his statutes [complete legal corpus]", "*qĕlālôt*": "curses/maledictions", "*hiśśîgûkā*": "overtake you/reach you/catch up with you" } }
• Deut 30:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.30.19", "source": "הַעִידֹ֨תִי בָכֶ֣ם הַיּוֹם֮ אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם וְאֶת־הָאָרֶץ֒ הַחַיִּ֤ים וְהַמָּ֙וֶת֙ נָתַ֣תִּי לְפָנֶ֔יךָ הַבְּרָכָ֖ה וְהַקְּלָלָ֑ה וּבָֽחַרְתָּ֙ בַּֽחַיִּ֔ים לְמַ֥עַן תִּחְיֶ֖ה אַתָּ֥ה וְזַרְעֶֽךָ", "text": "*haʿîdōtî* against you today *ʾet*-the *šāmayim* and *ʾet*-the *ʾāreṣ*; the *ḥayyîm* and the *māwet* *nātattî* before you, the *bərākāh* and the *qəlālāh*; and *ûbāḥartā* in the *ḥayyîm*, so that *ləmaʿan tiḥyeh* you and your *zarʿekā*", "grammar": { "*haʿîdōtî*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I have called to witness", "*šāmayim*": "masculine dual noun with definite article - the heavens", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the earth/land", "*ḥayyîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the life", "*māwet*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the death", "*nātattî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I have set/placed", "*bərākāh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the blessing", "*qəlālāh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the curse", "*ûbāḥartā*": "waw-consecutive + qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and choose", "*ləmaʿan tiḥyeh*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - so that you may live", "*zarʿekā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your seed/offspring" }, "variants": { "*haʿîdōtî*": "call to witness/testify against/invoke as witness", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground", "*ḥayyîm*": "life/living", "*māwet*": "death/dying", "*nātattî*": "set/place/put before", "*bərākāh*": "blessing/benediction", "*qəlālāh*": "curse/cursing", "*ûbāḥartā*": "choose/select/elect", "*tiḥyeh*": "live/be alive/have life", "*zarʿekā*": "your seed/offspring/descendants" } }
• Neh 9:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.16", "source": "וְהֵ֥ם וַאֲבֹתֵ֖ינוּ הֵזִ֑ידוּ וַיַּקְשׁוּ֙ אֶת־עָרְפָּ֔ם וְלֹ֥א שָׁמְע֖וּ אֶל־מִצְוֺתֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "*wə-hēm waʾăbōtênû hēzîdû wayyaqšû ʾet-ʿorpām wə-lōʾ šāməʿû ʾel-miṣwōteyḵā", "grammar": { "*wə-hēm*": "conjunction + 3mp pronoun - and they", "*waʾăbōtênû*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural + 1cp suffix - and our fathers", "*hēzîdû*": "hiphil perfect, 3cp - they acted presumptuously/proudly", "*wayyaqšû*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3mp - and they hardened", "*ʾet-ʿorpām*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular + 3mp suffix - their neck", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*šāməʿû*": "qal perfect, 3cp - they listened/obeyed", "*ʾel-miṣwōteyḵā*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural + 2ms suffix - to your commandments" }, "variants": { "*hēzîdû*": "acted presumptuously/became proud/were insolent", "*wayyaqšû ʾet-ʿorpām*": "hardened their necks/became stubborn/stiffened their necks", "*šāməʿû*": "listened/obeyed/heeded" } }
• Neh 9:29 : 29 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.29", "source": "וַתָּ֨עַד בָּהֶ֜ם לַהֲשִׁיבָ֣ם אֶל־תּוֹרָתֶ֗ךָ וְהֵ֨מָּה הֵזִ֜ידוּ וְלֹא־שָׁמְע֤וּ לְמִצְוֺתֶ֙יךָ֙ וּבְמִשְׁפָּטֶ֣יךָ חָֽטְאוּ־בָ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה אָדָ֖ם וְחָיָ֣ה בָהֶ֑ם וַיִּתְּנ֤וּ כָתֵף֙ סוֹרֶ֔רֶת וְעָרְפָּ֥ם הִקְשׁ֖וּ וְלֹ֥א שָׁמֵֽעוּ׃", "text": "*wə-tāʿaḏ* in-them *ləhăšîḇām* to-*tôrāṯeḵā*, *wə-hēmmāh* *hēzîḏû* and-not-*šāməʿû* to-*miṣwōṯêḵā* and-in-*mišpāṭêḵā* they-*ḥāṭəʾû*-in-them which-*yaʿăśeh* *ʾāḏām* and-*ḥāyāh* in-them, *wə-yittənû* *ḵāṯēp̄* *sôrereṯ* and-*ʿārpām* they-*hiqšû* and-not *šāmēʿû*.", "grammar": { "*wə-tāʿaḏ*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - and you warned/testified against", "*bāhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - against them", "*ləhăšîḇām*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to return/bring them back", "*ʾel-tôrāṯeḵā*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to your law/teaching", "*wə-hēmmāh*": "conjunction + 3rd person masculine plural pronoun - but they", "*hēzîḏû*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person plural - they acted presumptuously/arrogantly", "*wə-lōʾ-šāməʿû*": "conjunction + negative particle + Qal perfect 3rd person plural - and did not listen/obey", "*lə-miṣwōṯêḵā*": "preposition + feminine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to your commandments", "*û-ḇə-mišpāṭêḵā*": "conjunction + preposition + masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and against your judgments", "*ḥāṭəʾû-ḇām*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural + preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - they sinned against them", "*ʾăšer-yaʿăśeh*": "relative pronoun + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - which if a man does", "*ʾāḏām*": "masculine singular noun - man/human", "*wə-ḥāyāh*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he shall live", "*bāhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - by them", "*wə-yittənû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person plural - and they gave/presented", "*ḵāṯēp̄*": "feminine singular noun - shoulder", "*sôrereṯ*": "Qal participle feminine singular - rebellious/stubborn", "*wə-ʿārpām*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and their neck", "*hiqšû*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person plural - they hardened/stiffened", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*šāmēʿû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural - they listened/obeyed" }, "variants": { "*tāʿaḏ*": "testified against/warned/admonished", "*ləhăšîḇām*": "to bring them back/to return them/to restore them", "*tôrāṯeḵā*": "your law/instruction/teaching", "*hēmmāh*": "they/those/themselves", "*hēzîḏû*": "acted presumptuously/were arrogant/were insolent", "*šāməʿû*": "listened/obeyed/heeded", "*miṣwōṯêḵā*": "your commandments/precepts/ordinances", "*mišpāṭêḵā*": "your judgments/ordinances/regulations", "*ḥāṭəʾû*": "sinned/missed the mark/transgressed", "*yaʿăśeh*": "does/performs/practices", "*ʾāḏām*": "man/person/human being", "*ḥāyāh*": "lives/will live/survives", "*yittənû*": "gave/presented/offered", "*ḵāṯēp̄*": "shoulder/back", "*sôrereṯ*": "rebellious/stubborn/defiant", "*ʿārpām*": "their neck/their nape", "*hiqšû*": "hardened/stiffened/made obstinate" } }
• Job 40:11-12 : 11 { "verseID": "Job.40.11", "source": "הָ֭פֵץ עֶבְר֣וֹת אַפֶּ֑ךָ וּרְאֵ֥ה כָל־גֵּ֝אֶ֗ה וְהַשְׁפִּילֵֽהוּ׃", "text": "*hāpēṣ* *ʿebrôt* *ʾappekā* *û-rəʾēh* *kol*-*gēʾeh* *wə-hašpîlēhû*", "grammar": { "*hāpēṣ*": "hiphil imperative, masculine singular - scatter, disperse", "*ʿebrôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - overflowings, outbursts", "*ʾappekā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your nose/anger", "*û-rəʾēh*": "conjunction + qal imperative, masculine singular - and see", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of, every", "*gēʾeh*": "adjective, masculine singular - proud, haughty", "*wə-hašpîlēhû*": "conjunction + hiphil imperative, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and humble him" }, "variants": { "*hāpēṣ*": "to scatter, disperse, dash to pieces", "*ʿebrôt*": "outbursts, overflowings, fury, wrath", "*ʾappekā*": "nose, nostril, anger, face", "*rəʾēh*": "to see, look at, inspect, perceive", "*gēʾeh*": "proud, haughty, arrogant", "*hašpîlēhû*": "to make low, humble, abase" } } 12 { "verseID": "Job.40.12", "source": "רְאֵ֣ה כָל־גֵּ֭אֶה הַכְנִיעֵ֑הוּ וַהֲדֹ֖ךְ רְשָׁעִ֣ים תַּחְתָּֽם׃", "text": "*rəʾēh* *kol*-*gēʾeh* *haknîʿēhû* *wă-hădōk* *rəšāʿîm* *taḥtām*", "grammar": { "*rəʾēh*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - see, look at", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of, every", "*gēʾeh*": "adjective, masculine singular - proud, haughty", "*haknîʿēhû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - bring him low", "*wă-hădōk*": "conjunction + qal imperative, masculine singular - and crush, tread down", "*rəšāʿîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - wicked ones", "*taḥtām*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - under them" }, "variants": { "*rəʾēh*": "to see, look at, inspect, perceive", "*gēʾeh*": "proud, haughty, arrogant", "*haknîʿēhû*": "to humble, subdue, bring low", "*hădōk*": "to crush, tread down, trample", "*rəšāʿîm*": "wicked, criminal, guilty, hostile to God", "*taḥtām*": "under, beneath, instead of" } }