Verse 70

{ "verseID": "Psalms.78.70", "source": "וַ֭יִּבְחַר בְּדָוִ֣ד עַבְדּ֑וֹ וַ֝יִּקָּחֵ֗הוּ מִֽמִּכְלְאֹ֥ת צֹֽאן׃", "text": "*wə-yiḇḥar bə-ḏāwiḏ ʿaḇdô* *wə-yiqqāḥēhû mi-mmikləʾōṯ ṣōʾn*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiḇḥar*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he chose", "*bə-ḏāwiḏ*": "in David - preposition + proper noun", "*ʿaḇdô*": "his servant - masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*wə-yiqqāḥēhû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he took him", "*mi-mmikləʾōṯ*": "from sheepfolds - preposition + feminine plural noun", "*ṣōʾn*": "sheep/flock - feminine singular collective noun" }, "variants": { "*wə-yiḇḥar*": "chose/selected/elected", "*ʿaḇdô*": "his servant/his slave", "*wə-yiqqāḥēhû*": "took him/fetched him/brought him", "*mikləʾōṯ*": "sheepfolds/pens/enclosures", "*ṣōʾn*": "sheep/flock/small cattle" } }

Other Translations

Referenced Verses

  • 1 Sam 16:11-12 : 11 { "verseID": "1_Samuel.16.11", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵ֣ל אֶל־יִשַׁי֮ הֲתַ֣מּוּ הַנְּעָרִים֒ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר ע֚וֹד שָׁאַ֣ר הַקָּטָ֔ן וְהִנֵּ֥ה רֹעֶ֖ה בַּצֹּ֑אן וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵ֤ל אֶל־יִשַׁי֙ שִׁלְחָ֣ה וְקָחֶ֔נּוּ כִּ֥י לֹא־נָסֹ֖ב עַד־בֹּא֥וֹ פֹֽה׃", "text": "And *wə-yōʾmer* *Šəmûʾēl* to *Yišay*, \"Are *hătammû* the *hannəʿārîm*?\" And he *wə-yōʾmer*, \"Yet *šāʾar* the *haqqāṭān*, and behold, *rōʿeh* with the *baṣṣōʾn*.\" And *wə-yōʾmer* *Šəmûʾēl* to *Yišay*, \"*šilḥāh* and *wə-qāḥennû*, for we will not *nāsōb* until his *bōʾô* here.\"", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*Šəmûʾēl*": "proper noun - Samuel", "*Yišay*": "proper noun - Jesse", "*hătammû*": "interrogative + Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - are they complete/finished", "*hannəʿārîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the young men/boys", "*šāʾar*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - remains", "*haqqāṭān*": "definite article + adjective, masculine singular - the youngest/smallest", "*rōʿeh*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - shepherding", "*baṣṣōʾn*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - with the flock", "*šilḥāh*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - send", "*wə-qāḥennû*": "waw conjunction + Qal imperative, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and take/fetch him", "*nāsōb*": "Qal imperfect, 1st common plural - we will turn around/sit down", "*bōʾô*": "Qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his coming" }, "variants": { "*hătammû*": "are complete/are finished/are all present", "*hannəʿārîm*": "the young men/the boys/the servants", "*šāʾar*": "remains/is left/is still", "*haqqāṭān*": "the youngest/the smallest/the least significant", "*rōʿeh*": "shepherding/tending/pasturing", "*nāsōb*": "turn around/sit down/recline" } } 12 { "verseID": "1_Samuel.16.12", "source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח וַיְבִיאֵ֙הוּ֙ וְה֣וּא אַדְמוֹנִ֔י עִם־יְפֵ֥ה עֵינַ֖יִם וְט֣וֹב רֹ֑אִי פ וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יְהוָ֛ה ק֥וּם מְשָׁחֵ֖הוּ כִּֽי־זֶ֥ה הֽוּא׃", "text": "And he *wə-yišlaḥ* and *wə-yəbîʾēhû*, and he was *ʾadmônî* with beautiful *ʿênayim* and good *rōʾî*. And *wə-yōʾmer* *Yəhwāh*, \"*qûm* *məšāḥēhû* for this is he.\"", "grammar": { "*wə-yišlaḥ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he sent", "*wə-yəbîʾēhû*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he brought him", "*ʾadmônî*": "adjective, masculine singular - ruddy/reddish", "*ʿênayim*": "noun, feminine dual construct - eyes", "*rōʾî*": "noun, masculine singular - appearance", "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*Yəhwāh*": "proper noun, divine name - LORD/YHWH", "*qûm*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - arise", "*məšāḥēhû*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - anoint him" }, "variants": { "*ʾadmônî*": "ruddy/reddish/red-complexioned", "*rōʾî*": "appearance/countenance/form" } }
  • 1 Sam 17:15-54 : 15 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.15", "source": "וְדָוִ֛ד הֹלֵ֥ךְ וָשָׁ֖ב מֵעַ֣ל שָׁא֑וּל לִרְע֛וֹת אֶת־צֹ֥אן אָבִ֖יו בֵּֽית לָֽחֶם׃", "text": "And *Dāwid* [was] *hālaḵ* and *šûḇ* from *ʿal* *Šāʾûl* to *rāʿâ* *ʾēt*-*ṣōʾn* [of] his *ʾāḇ* [in] *Bêt-leḥem*.", "grammar": { "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*hālaḵ*": "Qal participle masculine singular - going", "*šûḇ*": "Qal participle masculine singular - returning", "*ʿal*": "preposition - from upon/from", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*rāʿâ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to tend/shepherd", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ṣōʾn*": "noun, common singular construct - flock of", "*ʾāḇ*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his father", "*Bêt-leḥem*": "proper noun - Bethlehem" }, "variants": { "*hālaḵ* and *šûḇ*": "going back and forth/coming and going", "*ʿal*": "from/from being with", "*rāʿâ*": "to tend/to shepherd/to pasture", "*ṣōʾn*": "flock/sheep" } } 16 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.16", "source": "וַיִּגַּ֥שׁ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י הַשְׁכֵּ֣ם וְהַעֲרֵ֑ב וַיִּתְיַצֵּ֖ב אַרְבָּעִ֥ים יֽוֹם׃", "text": "And *nāḡaš* the-*Pəlištî* *šāḵam* and *ʿāraḇ*; and he *yāṣaḇ* forty *yôm*.", "grammar": { "*nāḡaš*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw-consecutive - he came near/approached", "*Pəlištî*": "gentilic adjective masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*šāḵam*": "Hiphil infinitive absolute - rising early", "*ʿāraḇ*": "Hiphil infinitive absolute - setting late/in the evening", "*yāṣaḇ*": "Hithpael imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw-consecutive - he presented himself/took his stand", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day" }, "variants": { "*nāḡaš*": "came near/approached/drew near", "*šāḵam* and *ʿāraḇ*": "morning and evening/early and late", "*yāṣaḇ*": "presented himself/took his stand/positioned himself" } } 17 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.17", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יִשַׁ֜י לְדָוִ֣ד בְּנ֗וֹ קַח־נָ֤א לְאַחֶ֙יךָ֙ אֵיפַ֤ת הַקָּלִיא֙ הַזֶּ֔ה וַעֲשָׂרָ֥ה לֶ֖חֶם הַזֶּ֑ה וְהָרֵ֥ץ הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה לְאַחֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* *yišay* *lə-dāwid* *bənō* *qaḥ-nāʾ* *lə-ʾaḥeykā* *ʾêpat* *ha-qālîʾ* *ha-zeh* *wa-ʿăśārâ* *leḥem* *ha-zeh* *wə-hārêṣ* *ha-maḥăneh* *lə-ʾaḥeykā*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*yišay*": "proper noun, nominative - Jesse", "*lə-dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - to David", "*bənō*": "noun ms + 3ms possessive suffix - his son", "*qaḥ-nāʾ*": "qal imperative ms + particle of entreaty - take, please", "*lə-ʾaḥeykā*": "preposition + noun mp + 2ms possessive suffix - for your brothers", "*ʾêpat*": "construct state - ephah of", "*ha-qālîʾ*": "definite article + noun ms - the parched grain", "*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun ms - this", "*wa-ʿăśārâ*": "waw conjunction + cardinal number - and ten", "*leḥem*": "noun mp - loaves of bread", "*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun ms - this", "*wə-hārêṣ*": "waw conjunction + qal imperative ms - and run", "*ha-maḥăneh*": "definite article + noun ms - the camp", "*lə-ʾaḥeykā*": "preposition + noun mp + 2ms possessive suffix - to your brothers" }, "variants": { "*qālîʾ*": "parched grain/roasted corn", "*ʾêpat*": "ephah (measure of volume, approx. 22 liters)", "*hārêṣ*": "run/hurry/rush" } } 18 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.18", "source": "וְ֠אֵת עֲשֶׂ֜רֶת חֲרִצֵ֤י הֶֽחָלָב֙ הָאֵ֔לֶּה תָּבִ֖יא לְשַׂר־הָאָ֑לֶף וְאֶת־אַחֶ֙יךָ֙ תִּפְקֹ֣ד לְשָׁל֔וֹם וְאֶת־עֲרֻבָּתָ֖ם תִּקָּֽח׃", "text": "*wə-ʾēt* *ʿăśeret* *ḥăriṣê* *he-ḥālāb* *hā-ʾēlleh* *tābîʾ* *lə-śar* *hā-ʾālep* *wə-ʾet* *ʾaḥeykā* *tipqōd* *lə-šālôm* *wə-ʾet* *ʿărubātām* *tiqqāḥ*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾēt*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker - and", "*ʿăśeret*": "cardinal number fs construct - ten of", "*ḥăriṣê*": "noun mp construct - cuts/slices of", "*he-ḥālāb*": "definite article + noun ms - the milk/cheese", "*hā-ʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun mp - these", "*tābîʾ*": "hiphil imperfect 2ms - you shall bring", "*lə-śar*": "preposition + noun ms construct - to commander of", "*hā-ʾālep*": "definite article + noun ms - the thousand", "*wə-ʾet*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker - and", "*ʾaḥeykā*": "noun mp + 2ms possessive suffix - your brothers", "*tipqōd*": "qal imperfect 2ms - you shall visit/inquire after", "*lə-šālôm*": "preposition + noun ms - for peace/welfare", "*wə-ʾet*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker - and", "*ʿărubātām*": "noun fs + 3mp possessive suffix - their pledge/token", "*tiqqāḥ*": "qal imperfect 2ms - you shall take" }, "variants": { "*ḥăriṣê he-ḥālāb*": "cuts of cheese/slices of milk-product", "*śar-hā-ʾālep*": "commander of thousand/captain", "*tipqōd*": "inquire after/check on/visit", "*lə-šālôm*": "regarding welfare/concerning well-being/about peace", "*ʿărubātām*": "their pledge/token/evidence of well-being/proof of visit" } } 19 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.19", "source": "וְשָׁא֤וּל וְהֵ֙מָּה֙ וְכָל־אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּעֵ֖מֶק הָֽאֵלָ֑ה נִלְחָמִ֖ים עִם־פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃", "text": "*wə-šāʾûl* *wə-hēmmâ* *wə-kāl* *ʾîš* *yiśrāʾēl* *bə-ʿēmeq* *hā-ʾēlâ* *nilḥāmîm* *ʿim* *pəlištîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-šāʾûl*": "waw conjunction + proper noun - and Saul", "*wə-hēmmâ*": "waw conjunction + 3mp pronoun - and they", "*wə-kāl*": "waw conjunction + noun ms construct - and all/every", "*ʾîš*": "noun ms construct - man of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*bə-ʿēmeq*": "preposition + noun ms construct - in valley of", "*hā-ʾēlâ*": "definite article + noun fs - the terebinth/oak", "*nilḥāmîm*": "niphal participle mp - fighting", "*ʿim*": "preposition - with", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun mp - Philistines" }, "variants": { "*ʿēmeq hā-ʾēlâ*": "Valley of Elah/Terebinth Valley", "*nilḥāmîm*": "fighting/warring/battling" } } 20 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.20", "source": "וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֨ם דָּוִ֜ד בַּבֹּ֗קֶר וַיִּטֹּ֤שׁ אֶת־הַצֹּאן֙ עַל־שֹׁמֵ֔ר וַיִּשָּׂ֣א וַיֵּ֔לֶךְ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּ֖הוּ יִשָׁ֑י וַיָּבֹא֙ הַמַּעְגָּ֔לָה וְהַחַ֗יִל הַיֹּצֵא֙ אֶל־הַמַּ֣עֲרָכָ֔ה וְהֵרֵ֖עוּ בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה׃", "text": "*wa-yaškēm* *dāwid* *ba-bōqer* *wa-yiṭṭōš* *ʾet* *ha-ṣṣōʾn* *ʿal* *šōmēr* *wa-yiśśāʾ* *wa-yēlek* *ka-ʾăšer* *ṣiwwāhû* *yišāy* *wa-yābōʾ* *ha-maʿgālâ* *wə-ha-ḥayil* *ha-yōṣēʾ* *ʾel* *ha-maʿărākâ* *wə-hērēʿû* *ba-milḥāmâ*", "grammar": { "*wa-yaškēm*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3ms - and he rose early", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ba-bōqer*": "preposition + definite article + noun ms - in the morning", "*wa-yiṭṭōš*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he left", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ha-ṣṣōʾn*": "definite article + noun fs - the flock", "*ʿal*": "preposition - with/upon", "*šōmēr*": "qal participle ms - keeper", "*wa-yiśśāʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he took up/carried", "*wa-yēlek*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he went", "*ka-ʾăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - just as", "*ṣiwwāhû*": "piel perfect 3ms + 3ms suffix - he commanded him", "*yišāy*": "proper noun - Jesse", "*wa-yābōʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he came", "*ha-maʿgālâ*": "definite article + noun fs - the encampment/circle of wagons", "*wə-ha-ḥayil*": "waw conjunction + definite article + noun ms - and the army", "*ha-yōṣēʾ*": "definite article + qal participle ms - the one going out", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*ha-maʿărākâ*": "definite article + noun fs - the battle array", "*wə-hērēʿû*": "waw conjunction + hiphil perfect 3cp - and they shouted", "*ba-milḥāmâ*": "preposition + definite article + noun fs - in the battle" }, "variants": { "*yaškēm*": "rose early/got up early", "*yiṭṭōš*": "left/entrusted/abandoned", "*šōmēr*": "keeper/guardian/watchman", "*yiśśāʾ*": "took up/carried/loaded", "*maʿgālâ*": "encampment/circle of wagons/barricade", "*ḥayil*": "army/force/troops", "*maʿărākâ*": "battle array/battle line/ranks", "*hērēʿû*": "shouted/raised battle cry/made noise" } } 21 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.21", "source": "וַתַּעֲרֹ֤ךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים מַעֲרָכָ֖ה לִקְרַ֥את מַעֲרָכָֽה׃", "text": "*wa-taʿărōk* *yiśrāʾēl* *û-pəlištîm* *maʿărākâ* *liqraʾt* *maʿărākâ*", "grammar": { "*wa-taʿărōk*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3fs - and it set in order/arranged", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*û-pəlištîm*": "waw conjunction + proper noun mp - and Philistines", "*maʿărākâ*": "noun fs - battle array", "*liqraʾt*": "preposition + infinitive construct - to meet/opposite", "*maʿărākâ*": "noun fs - battle array" }, "variants": { "*taʿărōk*": "arranged/set in order/drew up", "*maʿărākâ*": "battle array/line of battle/ranks", "*liqraʾt*": "opposite/facing/against" } } 22 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.22", "source": "וַיִּטֹשׁ֩ דָּוִ֨ד אֶת־הַכֵּלִ֜ים מֵעָלָ֗יו עַל־יַד֙ שׁוֹמֵ֣ר הַכֵּלִ֔ים וַיָּ֖רָץ הַמַּעֲרָכָ֑ה וַיָּבֹ֕א וַיִּשְׁאַ֥ל לְאֶחָ֖יו לְשָׁלֽוֹם׃", "text": "*wa-yiṭṭōš* *dāwid* *ʾet* *ha-kēlîm* *mē-ʿālāyw* *ʿal* *yad* *šômēr* *ha-kēlîm* *wa-yārāṣ* *ha-maʿărākâ* *wa-yābōʾ* *wa-yišʾal* *lə-ʾeḥāyw* *lə-šālôm*", "grammar": { "*wa-yiṭṭōš*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he left", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ha-kēlîm*": "definite article + noun mp - the vessels/baggage", "*mē-ʿālāyw*": "preposition + preposition + 3ms suffix - from upon him", "*ʿal*": "preposition - with/upon", "*yad*": "noun fs construct - hand of", "*šômēr*": "qal participle ms construct - keeper of", "*ha-kēlîm*": "definite article + noun mp - the vessels/baggage", "*wa-yārāṣ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he ran", "*ha-maʿărākâ*": "definite article + noun fs - the battle array", "*wa-yābōʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he came", "*wa-yišʾal*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he asked", "*lə-ʾeḥāyw*": "preposition + noun mp + 3ms suffix - to his brothers", "*lə-šālôm*": "preposition + noun ms - for peace/welfare" }, "variants": { "*yiṭṭōš*": "left/put off/set down", "*kēlîm*": "vessels/equipment/baggage/supplies", "*šômēr ha-kēlîm*": "keeper of the supplies/baggage attendant", "*yārāṣ*": "ran/hurried", "*lə-šālôm*": "concerning welfare/about well-being" } } 23 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.23", "source": "וְה֣וּא ׀ מְדַבֵּ֣ר עִמָּ֗ם וְהִנֵּ֣ה אִ֣ישׁ הַבֵּנַ֡יִם עוֹלֶ֞ה גָּלְיָת֩ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֨י שְׁמ֤וֹ מִגַּת֙ *ממערות **מִמַּעַרְכ֣וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וַיְדַבֵּ֖ר כַּדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיִּשְׁמַ֖ע דָּוִֽד׃", "text": "*wə-hûʾ* *mədabbēr* *ʿimmām* *wə-hinnēh* *ʾîš* *ha-bênayim* *ʿôleh* *golyāt* *ha-pəlištî* *šəmô* *mi-gat* *mi-maʿarkôt* *pəlištîm* *wa-yədabbēr* *ka-dəbārîm* *hā-ʾēlleh* *wa-yišmaʿ* *dāwid*", "grammar": { "*wə-hûʾ*": "waw conjunction + 3ms pronoun - and he", "*mədabbēr*": "piel participle ms - speaking", "*ʿimmām*": "preposition + 3mp suffix - with them", "*wə-hinnēh*": "waw conjunction + demonstrative particle - and behold", "*ʾîš*": "noun ms construct - man of", "*ha-bênayim*": "definite article + noun mdual - the between/in-between", "*ʿôleh*": "qal participle ms - coming up", "*golyāt*": "proper noun - Goliath", "*ha-pəlištî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective ms - the Philistine", "*šəmô*": "noun ms + 3ms suffix - his name", "*mi-gat*": "preposition + proper noun - from Gath", "*mi-maʿarkôt*": "preposition + noun fp construct - from ranks of", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun mp - Philistines", "*wa-yədabbēr*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect 3ms - and he spoke", "*ka-dəbārîm*": "preposition + noun mp - like the words", "*hā-ʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun mp - these", "*wa-yišmaʿ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he heard", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David" }, "variants": { "*ʾîš ha-bênayim*": "champion/man of the in-between/duelist/man who stands between two armies", "*ʿôleh*": "coming up/ascending/appearing", "*maʿarkôt*": "battle ranks/battle lines/army ranks", "*ka-dəbārîm hā-ʾēlleh*": "like these words/the same words/according to these terms" } } 24 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.24", "source": "וְכֹל֙ אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בִּרְאוֹתָ֖ם אֶת־הָאִ֑ישׁ וַיָּנֻ֙סוּ֙ מִפָּנָ֔יו וַיִּֽירְא֖וּ מְאֹֽד׃", "text": "*wə-kōl* *ʾîš* *yiśrāʾēl* *bi-rəʾôtām* *ʾet* *hā-ʾîš* *wa-yānusû* *mi-ppānāyw* *wa-yîrəʾû* *məʾōd*", "grammar": { "*wə-kōl*": "waw conjunction + noun ms construct - and all", "*ʾîš*": "noun ms construct - man of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*bi-rəʾôtām*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct + 3mp suffix - in their seeing", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*hā-ʾîš*": "definite article + noun ms - the man", "*wa-yānusû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they fled", "*mi-ppānāyw*": "preposition + noun mp + 3ms suffix - from his face/presence", "*wa-yîrəʾû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they feared", "*məʾōd*": "adverb - greatly" }, "variants": { "*bi-rəʾôtām*": "when they saw/upon seeing", "*mi-ppānāyw*": "from his presence/from before him", "*məʾōd*": "greatly/exceedingly/very much" } } 25 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.25", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הַרְּאִיתֶם֙ הָאִ֤ישׁ הָֽעֹלֶה֙ הַזֶּ֔ה כִּ֛י לְחָרֵ֥ף אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עֹלֶ֑ה וְֽ֠הָיָה הָאִ֨ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יַכֶּ֜נּוּ יַעְשְׁרֶ֥נּוּ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ ׀ עֹ֣שֶׁר גָּד֗וֹל וְאֶת־בִּתּוֹ֙ יִתֶּן־ל֔וֹ וְאֵת֙ בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֔יו יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה חָפְשִׁ֖י בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *ʾîš* *yiśrāʾēl* *ha-rəʾîtem* *hā-ʾîš* *hā-ʿōleh* *ha-zeh* *kî* *lə-ḥārēp* *ʾet* *yiśrāʾēl* *ʿōleh* *wə-hāyâ* *hā-ʾîš* *ʾăšer* *yakkennû* *yaʿšərennû* *ha-melek* *ʿōšer* *gādôl* *wə-ʾet* *bittô* *yitten* *lô* *wə-ʾēt* *bêt* *ʾābîw* *yaʿăśeh* *ḥopšî* *bə-yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*ʾîš*": "noun ms construct - man of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ha-rəʾîtem*": "interrogative particle + qal perfect 2mp - have you seen", "*hā-ʾîš*": "definite article + noun ms - the man", "*hā-ʿōleh*": "definite article + qal participle ms - the one coming up", "*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun ms - this", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*lə-ḥārēp*": "preposition + piel infinitive construct - to reproach", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʿōleh*": "qal participle ms - coming up", "*wə-hāyâ*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect 3ms - and it will be", "*hā-ʾîš*": "definite article + noun ms - the man", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who", "*yakkennû*": "hiphil imperfect 3ms + 3ms suffix - he will strike him", "*yaʿšərennû*": "hiphil imperfect 3ms + 3ms suffix - he will enrich him", "*ha-melek*": "definite article + noun ms - the king", "*ʿōšer*": "noun ms - riches", "*gādôl*": "adjective ms - great", "*wə-ʾet*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker", "*bittô*": "noun fs + 3ms suffix - his daughter", "*yitten*": "qal imperfect 3ms - he will give", "*lô*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - to him", "*wə-ʾēt*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker", "*bêt*": "noun ms construct - house of", "*ʾābîw*": "noun ms + 3ms suffix - his father", "*yaʿăśeh*": "qal imperfect 3ms - he will make", "*ḥopšî*": "adjective ms - free", "*bə-yiśrāʾēl*": "preposition + proper noun - in Israel" }, "variants": { "*lə-ḥārēp*": "to taunt/reproach/defy", "*yaʿšərennû*": "will enrich him/will make him wealthy", "*ʿōšer gādôl*": "great wealth/riches", "*yaʿăśeh ḥopšî*": "will make free/will exempt from taxes and service" } } 26 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.26", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֗ד אֶֽל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֞ים הָעֹמְדִ֣ים עִמּוֹ֮ לֵאמֹר֒ מַה־יֵּעָשֶׂ֗ה לָאִישׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יַכֶּה֙ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֣י הַלָּ֔ז וְהֵסִ֥יר חֶרְפָּ֖ה מֵעַ֣ל יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּ֣י מִ֗י הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֤י הֶֽעָרֵל֙ הַזֶּ֔ה כִּ֣י חֵרֵ֔ף מַעַרְכ֖וֹת אֱלֹהִ֥ים חַיִּֽים׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *dāwid* *ʾel* *hā-ʾănāšîm* *hā-ʿōmədîm* *ʿimmô* *lēʾmōr* *mah* *yēʿāśeh* *lā-ʾîš* *ʾăšer* *yakkeh* *ʾet* *ha-pəlištî* *ha-llāz* *wə-hēsîr* *ḥerpâ* *mēʿal* *yiśrāʾēl* *kî* *mî* *ha-pəlištî* *he-ʿārēl* *ha-zeh* *kî* *ḥērēp* *maʿarkôt* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ḥayyîm*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*hā-ʾănāšîm*": "definite article + noun mp - the men", "*hā-ʿōmədîm*": "definite article + qal participle mp - the ones standing", "*ʿimmô*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - with him", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*mah*": "interrogative - what", "*yēʿāśeh*": "niphal imperfect 3ms - will be done", "*lā-ʾîš*": "preposition + definite article + noun ms - to the man", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who", "*yakkeh*": "hiphil imperfect 3ms - will strike", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ha-pəlištî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective ms - the Philistine", "*ha-llāz*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun ms - this", "*wə-hēsîr*": "waw conjunction + hiphil perfect 3ms - and removes", "*ḥerpâ*": "noun fs - reproach", "*mēʿal*": "preposition + preposition - from upon", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who", "*ha-pəlištî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective ms - the Philistine", "*he-ʿārēl*": "definite article + adjective ms - the uncircumcised", "*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun ms - this", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/that", "*ḥērēp*": "piel perfect 3ms - he has reproached", "*maʿarkôt*": "noun fp construct - ranks of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun mp - God", "*ḥayyîm*": "adjective mp - living" }, "variants": { "*ha-llāz*": "this/that one/yonder one", "*hēsîr ḥerpâ*": "remove reproach/take away disgrace", "*he-ʿārēl*": "the uncircumcised/the unclean", "*ḥērēp*": "reproached/taunted/defied", "*maʿarkôt ʾĕlōhîm ḥayyîm*": "ranks of the living God/battle lines of the living God/armies of the living God" } } 27 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.27", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ הָעָ֔ם כַּדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר כֹּ֣ה יֵעָשֶׂ֔ה לָאִ֖ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַכֶּֽנּוּ׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *lô* *hā-ʿām* *ka-ddābār* *ha-zeh* *lēʾmōr* *kōh* *yēʿāśeh* *lā-ʾîš* *ʾăšer* *yakkennû*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*lô*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - to him", "*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun ms - the people", "*ka-ddābār*": "preposition + definite article + noun ms - according to the word", "*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun ms - this", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*kōh*": "adverb - thus", "*yēʿāśeh*": "niphal imperfect 3ms - will be done", "*lā-ʾîš*": "preposition + definite article + noun ms - to the man", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who", "*yakkennû*": "hiphil imperfect 3ms + 3ms suffix - strikes him" }, "variants": { "*ka-ddābār ha-zeh*": "according to this word/in this manner", "*kōh*": "thus/in this way/so" } } 28 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.28", "source": "וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע אֱלִיאָב֙ אָחִ֣יו הַגָּד֔וֹל בְּדַבְּר֖וֹ אֶל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֑ים וַיִּֽחַר־אַף֩ אֱלִיאָ֨ב בְּדָוִ֜ד וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ לָמָּה־זֶּ֣ה יָרַ֗דְתָּ וְעַל־מִ֨י נָטַ֜שְׁתָּ מְעַ֨ט הַצֹּ֤אן הָהֵ֙נָּה֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר אֲנִ֧י יָדַ֣עְתִּי אֶת־זְדֹנְךָ֗ וְאֵת֙ רֹ֣עַ לְבָבֶ֔ךָ כִּ֗י לְמַ֛עַן רְא֥וֹת הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה יָרָֽדְתָּ׃", "text": "*wa-yišmaʿ* *ʾĕlîʾāb* *ʾāḥîw* *ha-ggādôl* *bə-dabbərô* *ʾel* *hā-ʾănāšîm* *wa-yiḥar* *ʾap* *ʾĕlîʾāb* *bə-dāwid* *wa-yōʾmer* *lāmmâ* *zeh* *yārādtā* *wə-ʿal* *mî* *nāṭaštā* *məʿaṭ* *ha-ṣṣōʾn* *hā-hēnnâ* *ba-mmidbār* *ʾănî* *yādaʿtî* *ʾet* *zədōnəkā* *wə-ʾēt* *rōaʿ* *ləbābekā* *kî* *ləmaʿan* *rəʾôt* *ha-mmilḥāmâ* *yārādtā*", "grammar": { "*wa-yišmaʿ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he heard", "*ʾĕlîʾāb*": "proper noun - Eliab", "*ʾāḥîw*": "noun ms + 3ms suffix - his brother", "*ha-ggādôl*": "definite article + adjective ms - the oldest", "*bə-dabbərô*": "preposition + piel infinitive construct + 3ms suffix - in his speaking", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*hā-ʾănāšîm*": "definite article + noun mp - the men", "*wa-yiḥar*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and it burned", "*ʾap*": "noun ms construct - nose/anger of", "*ʾĕlîʾāb*": "proper noun - Eliab", "*bə-dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - against David", "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*lāmmâ*": "preposition + interrogative - why", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun ms - this", "*yārādtā*": "qal perfect 2ms - you came down", "*wə-ʿal*": "waw conjunction + preposition - and upon", "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - whom", "*nāṭaštā*": "qal perfect 2ms - you left", "*məʿaṭ*": "adjective ms - few", "*ha-ṣṣōʾn*": "definite article + noun fs - the sheep", "*hā-hēnnâ*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun fp - those", "*ba-mmidbār*": "preposition + definite article + noun ms - in the wilderness", "*ʾănî*": "1cs pronoun - I", "*yādaʿtî*": "qal perfect 1cs - I know", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*zədōnəkā*": "noun ms + 2ms suffix - your presumptuousness", "*wə-ʾēt*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker", "*rōaʿ*": "noun ms construct - evil of", "*ləbābekā*": "noun ms + 2ms suffix - your heart", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ləmaʿan*": "preposition - in order to", "*rəʾôt*": "qal infinitive construct - see", "*ha-mmilḥāmâ*": "definite article + noun fs - the battle", "*yārādtā*": "qal perfect 2ms - you came down" }, "variants": { "*yiḥar ʾap*": "anger burned/became angry", "*lāmmâ zeh*": "why this/for what reason", "*nāṭaštā*": "left/abandoned/entrusted", "*məʿaṭ*": "few/little", "*zədōnəkā*": "your presumptuousness/your pride/your insolence", "*rōaʿ ləbābekā*": "evil of your heart/wickedness of your heart/bad intent" } } 29 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.29", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֔ד מֶ֥ה עָשִׂ֖יתִי עָ֑תָּה הֲל֖וֹא דָּבָ֥ר הֽוּא׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *dāwid* *meh* *ʿāśîtî* *ʿāttâ* *hălôʾ* *dābār* *hûʾ*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*meh*": "interrogative - what", "*ʿāśîtî*": "qal perfect 1cs - I have done", "*ʿāttâ*": "adverb - now", "*hălôʾ*": "interrogative + negative particle - is not", "*dābār*": "noun ms - word/matter", "*hûʾ*": "3ms pronoun - it" }, "variants": { "*meh ʿāśîtî*": "what have I done/what did I do", "*hălôʾ dābār hûʾ*": "was it not just a word/isn't it only a question/is it not a matter (of importance)" } } 30 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.30", "source": "וַיִּסֹּ֤ב מֵֽאֶצְלוֹ֙ אֶל־מ֣וּל אַחֵ֔ר וַיֹּ֖אמֶר כַּדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה וַיְשִׁבֻ֤הוּ הָעָם֙ דָּבָ֔ר כַּדָּבָ֖ר הָרִאשֽׁוֹן׃", "text": "And *wayyissōb* from *mēʾeṣlô* to-*mûl* *ʾaḥēr* and *wayyōʾmer* like-the-*dābār* the-*zeh*; and *wayšibuhû* the-*ʿām* *dābār* like-the-*dābār* the-*rīʾšôn*.", "grammar": { "*wayyissōb*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *sbb* - and he turned", "*mēʾeṣlô*": "preposition *min* + preposition *ʾēṣel* + 3rd masculine singular suffix - from beside him", "*mûl*": "preposition - direction/opposite/facing", "*ʾaḥēr*": "adjective, masculine singular - another/different", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said", "*dābār*": "noun, masculine singular - word/thing/matter", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*wayšibuhû*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine plural Hiphil imperfect of *šwb* + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and they returned/answered him", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular collective - people", "*rīʾšôn*": "adjective, masculine singular - first/former" }, "variants": { "*wayyissōb*": "turned/turned away/turned around", "*mûl*": "facing/opposite/in front of", "*dābār*": "word/matter/thing/speech" } } 31 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.31", "source": "וַיְּ‪[t]‬שָּֽׁמְעוּ֙ הַדְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֣ר דָּוִ֑ד וַיַּגִּ֥דוּ לִפְנֵֽי־שָׁא֖וּל וַיִּקָּחֵֽהוּ׃", "text": "And *wayyiššāmʿû* the-*dəbārîm* which *dibbēr* *dāwid*; and *wayyaggidû* before-*šāʾûl* and *wayyiqqāḥēhû*.", "grammar": { "*wayyiššāmʿû*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine plural Niphal imperfect of *šmʿ* - and they were heard", "*dəbārîm*": "noun, masculine plural construct - words/things/matters", "*dibbēr*": "3rd masculine singular Piel perfect of *dbr* - spoke/said", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*wayyaggidû*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine plural Hiphil imperfect of *ngd* - and they reported/told", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*wayyiqqāḥēhû*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *lqḥ* + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he took him" }, "variants": { "*wayyiššāmʿû*": "were heard/became known", "*dəbārîm*": "words/matters/things", "*dibbēr*": "spoke/said/uttered", "*wayyaggidû*": "told/reported/declared", "*wayyiqqāḥēhû*": "took him/summoned him/fetched him" } } 32 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.32", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל אַל־יִפֹּ֥ל לֵב־אָדָ֖ם עָלָ֑יו עַבְדְּךָ֣ יֵלֵ֔ךְ וְנִלְחַ֖ם עִם־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֥י הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *dāwid* to-*šāʾûl*, \"Not-*yippōl* *lēb*-*ʾādām* upon-him; *ʿabdəkā* *yēlēk* and *nilḥam* with-the-*pəlištî* the-*zeh*.\"", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*yippōl*": "3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *npl* - he will fall", "*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person", "*ʿabdəkā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servant", "*yēlēk*": "3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *hlk* - he will go", "*nilḥam*": "3rd masculine singular Niphal perfect of *lḥm* - he will fight", "*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*yippōl*": "fall/fail/falter", "*lēb*": "heart/mind/courage", "*ʾādām*": "man/person/anyone", "*nilḥam*": "fight/do battle with", "*pəlištî*": "Philistine (member of the sea peoples)" } } 33 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.33", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֜וּל אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד לֹ֤א תוּכַל֙ לָלֶ֙כֶת֙ אֶל־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֣י הַזֶּ֔ה לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם עִמּ֑וֹ כִּֽי־נַ֣עַר אַ֔תָּה וְה֛וּא אִ֥ישׁ מִלְחָמָ֖ה מִנְּעֻרָֽיו׃ ס", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *šāʾûl* to-*dāwid*, \"Not *tûkal* to-*lāleket* to-the-*pəlištî* the-*zeh* to-*hīllāḥēm* with-him, for-*naʿar* *ʾattāh*, and-he *ʾîš* *milḥāmâ* from-*nəʿurāyw*. *s*\"", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*tûkal*": "2nd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ykl* - you are able", "*lāleket*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct of *hlk* - to go", "*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*hīllāḥēm*": "Niphal infinitive construct of *lḥm* - to fight", "*naʿar*": "noun, masculine singular - youth/boy", "*ʾattāh*": "2nd masculine singular independent pronoun - you", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - man of", "*milḥāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - war/battle", "*nəʿurāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his youth", "*s*": "section marker in Hebrew text" }, "variants": { "*tûkal*": "be able/prevail/succeed", "*naʿar*": "boy/youth/servant", "*ʾîš*": "man/person/warrior", "*milḥāmâ*": "war/battle/warfare", "*nəʿurāyw*": "his youth/his young age/his adolescence" } } 34 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.34", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל רֹעֶ֨ה הָיָ֧ה עַבְדְּךָ֛ לְאָבִ֖יו בַּצֹּ֑אן וּבָ֤א הָֽאֲרִי֙ וְאֶת־הַדּ֔וֹב וְנָשָׂ֥א שֶׂ֖ה מֵהָעֵֽדֶר׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *dāwid* to-*šāʾûl*, \"*rōʿeh* *hāyâ* *ʿabdəkā* to-*ʾābîw* with-the-*ṣōʾn*, and-*bāʾ* the-*ʾărî* and-*ʾet*-the-*dôb*, and-*nāśāʾ* *śeh* from-the-*ʿēder*.\"", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*rōʿeh*": "Qal active participle of *rʿh*, masculine singular - shepherding", "*hāyâ*": "3rd masculine singular Qal perfect of *hyh* - was", "*ʿabdəkā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servant", "*ʾābîw*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father", "*ṣōʾn*": "noun, common singular collective - flock/sheep", "*bāʾ*": "3rd masculine singular Qal perfect of *bwʾ* - came", "*ʾărî*": "noun, masculine singular - lion", "*dôb*": "noun, masculine singular - bear", "*nāśāʾ*": "3rd masculine singular Qal perfect of *nśʾ* - carried/took", "*śeh*": "noun, masculine singular - sheep/lamb", "*ʿēder*": "noun, masculine singular - flock" }, "variants": { "*rōʿeh*": "shepherd/one who tends", "*ṣōʾn*": "sheep/flock/small livestock", "*ʾărî*": "lion/predator", "*dôb*": "bear/predator", "*nāśāʾ*": "took/carried/lifted", "*śeh*": "lamb/sheep/one of the flock", "*ʿēder*": "flock/herd" } } 35 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.35", "source": "וְיָצָ֧אתִי אַחֲרָ֛יו וְהִכִּתִ֖יו וְהִצַּ֣לְתִּי מִפִּ֑יו וַיָּ֣קָם עָלַ֔י וְהֶחֱזַ֙קְתִּי֙ בִּזְקָנ֔וֹ וְהִכִּתִ֖יו וַהֲמִיתִּֽיו׃", "text": "And-*yāṣāʾtî* after-him and-*hikkîtîw* and-*hiṣṣaltî* from-*pîw*; and-*wayyāqom* against-me and-*heḥĕzaqtî* by-*zəqānô* and-*hikkîtîw* and-*hămîttîw*.", "grammar": { "*yāṣāʾtî*": "1st singular Qal perfect of *yṣʾ* - I went out", "*hikkîtîw*": "1st singular Hiphil perfect of *nkh* + 3rd masculine singular suffix - I struck him", "*hiṣṣaltî*": "1st singular Hiphil perfect of *nṣl* - I rescued/delivered", "*pîw*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - its mouth", "*wayyāqom*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *qwm* - and he rose", "*heḥĕzaqtî*": "1st singular Hiphil perfect of *ḥzq* - I seized/grasped", "*zəqānô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his beard", "*hămîttîw*": "1st singular Hiphil perfect of *mwt* + 3rd masculine singular suffix - I killed him" }, "variants": { "*yāṣāʾtî*": "went out/pursued/chased", "*hikkîtîw*": "struck him/attacked him/hit him", "*hiṣṣaltî*": "rescued/delivered/saved", "*pîw*": "his mouth/its jaws", "*wayyāqom*": "rose up/stood up/attacked", "*heḥĕzaqtî*": "seized/grasped firmly/took hold of", "*zəqānô*": "his beard/its mane", "*hămîttîw*": "killed him/put him to death" } } 36 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.36", "source": "גַּ֧ם אֶֽת־הָאֲרִ֛י גַּם־הַדּ֖וֹב הִכָּ֣ה עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ וְֽ֠הָיָה הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֨י הֶעָרֵ֤ל הַזֶּה֙ כְּאַחַ֣ד מֵהֶ֔ם כִּ֣י חֵרֵ֔ף מַעַרְכֹ֖ת אֱלֹהִ֥ים חַיִּֽים׃ ס", "text": "Both *ʾet*-the-*ʾărî* also-the-*dôb* *hikkâ* *ʿabdekā*; and-*hāyâ* the-*pəlištî* the-*ʿārēl* the-*zeh* like-one of-them, for *ḥērēp* *maʿarkôt* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ḥayyîm*. *s*", "grammar": { "*ʾărî*": "noun, masculine singular - lion", "*dôb*": "noun, masculine singular - bear", "*hikkâ*": "3rd masculine singular Hiphil perfect of *nkh* - he struck", "*ʿabdekā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servant", "*hāyâ*": "3rd masculine singular Qal perfect with waw consecutive - and he will be", "*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine", "*ʿārēl*": "adjective, masculine singular - uncircumcised", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*ḥērēp*": "3rd masculine singular Piel perfect of *ḥrp* - he reproached/defied", "*maʿarkôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - ranks/battle lines", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God", "*ḥayyîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - living", "*s*": "section marker in Hebrew text" }, "variants": { "*ʾărî*": "lion/predator", "*dôb*": "bear/predator", "*hikkâ*": "struck/killed/attacked", "*ʿārēl*": "uncircumcised/defiled/outsider", "*ḥērēp*": "defied/reproached/taunted", "*maʿarkôt*": "ranks/battle lines/armies", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine being", "*ḥayyîm*": "living/alive" } } 37 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.37", "source": "וַיֹּאמֶר֮ דָּוִד֒ יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר הִצִּלַ֜נִי מִיַּ֤ד הָֽאֲרִי֙ וּמִיַּ֣ד הַדֹּ֔ב ה֣וּא יַצִּילֵ֔נִי מִיַּ֥ד הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י הַזֶּ֑ה ס וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֤וּל אֶל־דָּוִד֙ לֵ֔ךְ וַֽיהוָ֖ה יִהְיֶ֥ה עִמָּֽךְ׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *dāwid*, \"*Yhwh* who *hiṣṣilanî* from-*yad* the-*ʾărî* and-from-*yad* the-*dōb*, he *yaṣṣīlēnî* from-*yad* the-*pəlištî* the-*zeh*. *s*\" And *wayyōʾmer* *šāʾûl* to-*dāwid*, \"*lēk* and-*Yhwh* *yihyeh* with-you.\"", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*Yhwh*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*hiṣṣilanî*": "3rd masculine singular Hiphil perfect of *nṣl* + 1st singular suffix - he rescued me", "*yad*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hand/power", "*ʾărî*": "noun, masculine singular - lion", "*dōb*": "noun, masculine singular - bear", "*yaṣṣīlēnî*": "3rd masculine singular Hiphil imperfect of *nṣl* + 1st singular suffix - he will rescue me", "*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*lēk*": "masculine singular Qal imperative of *hlk* - go", "*yihyeh*": "3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *hyh* - he will be", "*s*": "section marker in Hebrew text" }, "variants": { "*hiṣṣilanî*": "rescued me/delivered me/saved me", "*yad*": "hand/power/control", "*yaṣṣīlēnî*": "will rescue me/will deliver me/will save me", "*lēk*": "go/proceed/depart" } } 38 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.38", "source": "וַיַּלְבֵּ֨שׁ שָׁא֤וּל אֶת־דָּוִד֙ מַדָּ֔יו וְנָתַ֛ן ק֥וֹבַע נְחֹ֖שֶׁת עַל־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ וַיַּלְבֵּ֥שׁ אֹת֖וֹ שִׁרְיֽוֹן׃", "text": "And *wayyalbēš* *šāʾûl* *ʾet*-*dāwid* *maddāyw* and-*nātan* *kôbaʿ* *nəḥōšet* upon-*rōʾšô*; and *wayyalbēš* *ʾōtô* *širyôn*.", "grammar": { "*wayyalbēš*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Hiphil imperfect of *lbš* - and he clothed", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*maddāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his garments", "*nātan*": "3rd masculine singular Qal perfect of *ntn* - he gave/put", "*kôbaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - helmet", "*nəḥōšet*": "noun, feminine singular - bronze/copper", "*rōʾšô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his head", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine singular suffix - him", "*širyôn*": "noun, masculine singular - coat of mail/armor" }, "variants": { "*wayyalbēš*": "clothed/dressed/attired", "*maddāyw*": "his garments/his clothes/his military attire", "*kôbaʿ*": "helmet/head covering", "*nəḥōšet*": "bronze/copper", "*širyôn*": "coat of mail/armor/breastplate" } } 39 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.39", "source": "וַיַּחְגֹּ֣ר דָּוִ֣ד אֶת־חַ֠רְבּוֹ מֵעַ֨ל לְמַדָּ֜יו וַיֹּ֣אֶל לָלֶכֶת֮ כִּ֣י לֹֽא־נִסָּה֒ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶל־שָׁא֗וּל לֹ֥א אוּכַ֛ל לָלֶ֥כֶת בָּאֵ֖לֶּה כִּ֣י לֹ֣א נִסִּ֑יתִי וַיְסִרֵ֥ם דָּוִ֖ד מֵעָלָֽיו׃", "text": "And *wayyaḥgōr* *dāwid* *ʾet*-*ḥarbô* over to-*maddāyw* and *wayyōʾel* to-*lāleket* for not-*nissâ*. And *wayyōʾmer* *dāwid* to-*šāʾûl*, \"Not *ʾûkal* to-*lāleket* in-these for not *nissîtî*.\" And *waycirēm* *dāwid* from-upon-him.", "grammar": { "*wayyaḥgōr*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ḥgr* - and he girded", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ḥarbô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his sword", "*maddāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his garments", "*wayyōʾel*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Hiphil imperfect of *yʾl* - and he tried/attempted", "*lāleket*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct of *hlk* - to walk/go", "*nissâ*": "3rd masculine singular Piel perfect of *nsh* - he had tested/tried", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*ʾûkal*": "1st singular Qal imperfect of *ykl* - I am able", "*nissîtî*": "1st singular Piel perfect of *nsh* - I have tested/tried", "*waycirēm*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Hiphil imperfect of *swr* + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he removed them" }, "variants": { "*wayyaḥgōr*": "girded/strapped/fastened", "*ḥarbô*": "his sword/his weapon", "*wayyōʾel*": "tried/attempted/consented", "*nissâ*": "tried/tested/experienced", "*ʾûkal*": "am able/can/capable", "*nissîtî*": "tried/tested/have experience with", "*waycirēm*": "removed them/took them off" } } 40 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.40", "source": "וַיִּקַּ֨ח מַקְל֜וֹ בְּיָד֗וֹ וַיִּבְחַר־ל֣וֹ חֲמִשָּׁ֣ה חֲ‪[c]‬לֻּקֵֽי־אֲבָנִ֣ים ׀ מִן־הַנַּ֡חַל וַיָּ֣שֶׂם אֹ֠תָם בִּכְלִ֨י הָרֹעִ֧ים אֲשֶׁר־ל֛וֹ וּבַיַּלְק֖וּט וְקַלְּע֣וֹ בְיָד֑וֹ וַיִּגַּ֖שׁ אֶל־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּֽי׃", "text": "And *wayyiqqaḥ* *maqlô* in-*yādô* and *wayyibḥar*-to-him five *ḥalluqê*-*ʾăbānîm* from-the-*naḥal* and *wayyāśem* *ʾōtām* in-*kəlî* the-*rōʿîm* which-to-him and-in-the-*yalqûṭ* and-*qallʿô* in-*yādô*; and *wayyigaš* to-the-*pəlištî*.", "grammar": { "*wayyiqqaḥ*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *lqḥ* - and he took", "*maqlô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his staff", "*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*wayyibḥar*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *bḥr* - and he chose", "*ḥalluqê*": "adjective, masculine plural construct - smooth", "*ʾăbānîm*": "noun, feminine plural - stones", "*naḥal*": "noun, masculine singular - brook/stream/wadi", "*wayyāśem*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *śym* - and he put", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*kəlî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - vessel/tool", "*rōʿîm*": "Qal active participle of *rʿh*, masculine plural - shepherds", "*yalqûṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - pouch/bag", "*qallʿô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his sling", "*wayyigaš*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ngš* - and he approached", "*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine" }, "variants": { "*maqlô*": "his staff/his rod/his stick", "*wayyibḥar*": "chose/selected/picked out", "*ḥalluqê*": "smooth/flat/rounded", "*naḥal*": "brook/stream/wadi/riverbed", "*kəlî*": "vessel/implement/container", "*rōʿîm*": "shepherds/those who tend sheep", "*yalqûṭ*": "pouch/bag/shepherd's bag", "*qallʿô*": "his sling/his slingshot", "*wayyigaš*": "approached/drew near/stepped forward" } } 41 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.41", "source": "וַיֵּ֙לֶךְ֙ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י הֹלֵ֥ךְ וְקָרֵ֖ב אֶל־דָּוִ֑ד וְהָאִ֛ישׁ נֹשֵׂ֥א הַצִּנָּ֖ה לְפָנָֽיו׃", "text": "And *wayyēlek* the-*pəlištî* *hōlēk* and-*qārēb* to-*dāwid*, and-the-*ʾîš* *nōśēʾ* the-*ṣinnâ* before-him.", "grammar": { "*wayyēlek*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *hlk* - and he went", "*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine", "*hōlēk*": "Qal active participle of *hlk*, masculine singular - going/walking", "*qārēb*": "Qal active participle of *qrb*, masculine singular - approaching/drawing near", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*nōśēʾ*": "Qal active participle of *nśʾ*, masculine singular - carrying/bearing", "*ṣinnâ*": "noun, feminine singular - large shield" }, "variants": { "*hōlēk*": "going/walking/proceeding", "*qārēb*": "approaching/drawing near/advancing", "*ʾîš*": "man/person/soldier", "*nōśēʾ*": "carrying/bearing/holding", "*ṣinnâ*": "large shield/body shield" } } 42 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.42", "source": "וַיַּבֵּ֧ט הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֛י וַיִּרְאֶ֥ה אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד וַיִּבְזֵ֑הוּ כִּֽי־הָיָ֣ה נַ֔עַר וְאַדְמֹנִ֖י עִם־יְפֵ֥ה מַרְאֶֽה׃", "text": "And *wayyabbēṭ* the-*pəlištî* and *wayyirʾeh* *ʾet*-*dāwid* and *wayyibzēhû*, for-*hāyâ* *naʿar* and-*ʾadmōnî* with-*yəpēh* *marʾeh*.", "grammar": { "*wayyabbēṭ*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Hiphil imperfect of *nbṭ* - and he looked", "*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine", "*wayyirʾeh*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *rʾh* - and he saw", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*wayyibzēhû*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *bzh* + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he despised him", "*hāyâ*": "3rd masculine singular Qal perfect of *hyh* - he was", "*naʿar*": "noun, masculine singular - youth/boy", "*ʾadmōnî*": "adjective, masculine singular - ruddy/reddish", "*yəpēh*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - beautiful/handsome", "*marʾeh*": "noun, masculine singular - appearance" }, "variants": { "*wayyabbēṭ*": "looked/gazed/observed", "*wayyirʾeh*": "saw/noticed/perceived", "*wayyibzēhû*": "despised him/disdained him/looked down on him", "*naʿar*": "youth/boy/young man", "*ʾadmōnî*": "ruddy/reddish/of fair complexion", "*yəpēh*": "handsome/beautiful/fair", "*marʾeh*": "appearance/look/countenance" } } 43 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.43", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַפְּלִשְׁתִּי֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד הֲכֶ֣לֶב אָנֹ֔כִי כִּֽי־אַתָּ֥ה בָֽא־אֵלַ֖י בַּמַּקְל֑וֹת וַיְקַלֵּ֧ל הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֛י אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד בֵּאלֹהָֽיו׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* the-*pəlištî* to-*dāwid*, \"?*keleb* *ʾānōkî* that-you *bāʾ*-to-me with-the-*maqlôt*?\" And *wayqallēl* the-*pəlištî* *ʾet*-*dāwid* by-*ʾĕlōhāyw*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said", "*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*keleb*": "noun, masculine singular - dog", "*ʾānōkî*": "1st singular independent pronoun - I", "*bāʾ*": "Qal participle masculine singular construct of *bwʾ* - coming/approaching", "*maqlôt*": "noun, masculine plural - staves/rods/sticks", "*wayqallēl*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Piel imperfect of *qll* - and he cursed", "*ʾĕlōhāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his gods" }, "variants": { "*keleb*": "dog/contemptible person", "*bāʾ*": "coming/approaching/attacking", "*maqlôt*": "staves/sticks/clubs/rods", "*wayqallēl*": "cursed/reviled/insulted", "*ʾĕlōhāyw*": "his gods/his deities/his divine beings" } } 44 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.44", "source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י אֶל־דָּוִ֑ד לְכָ֣ה אֵלַ֔י וְאֶתְּנָה֙ אֶת־בְּשָׂ֣רְךָ֔ לְע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וּלְבֶהֱמַ֥ת הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃ ס", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* the-*pəlištî* to-*dāwid*, \"*ləkâ* to-me, and *ʾettənâ* *ʾet*-*bəśārəkā* to-*ʿôp* the-*šāmayim* and-to-*behĕmat* the-*śādeh*. *s*\"", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said", "*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ləkâ*": "Qal imperative masculine singular of *hlk* + directional he - come", "*ʾettənâ*": "1st singular Qal imperfect cohortative of *ntn* - I will give", "*bəśārəkā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your flesh", "*ʿôp*": "noun, masculine singular construct - birds/fowl", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine dual - heavens/sky", "*behĕmat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - beasts/animals", "*śādeh*": "noun, masculine singular - field", "*s*": "section marker in Hebrew text" }, "variants": { "*ləkâ*": "come/approach/go", "*ʾettənâ*": "I will give/I will provide/I will offer", "*bəśārəkā*": "your flesh/your body/your carcass", "*ʿôp*": "birds/fowl/flying creatures", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*behĕmat*": "beasts/animals/wildlife", "*śādeh*": "field/open country/wilderness" } } 45 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.45", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י אַתָּה֙ בָּ֣א אֵלַ֔י בְּחֶ֖רֶב וּבַחֲנִ֣ית וּבְכִיד֑וֹן וְאָנֹכִ֣י בָֽא־אֵלֶ֗יךָ בְּשֵׁם֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֛י מַעַרְכ֥וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר חֵרַֽפְתָּ׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* *Dāwid* to-the-*pəlištî* you *bāʾ* to-me with-*ḥereb* and-with-*ḥănît* and-with-*kîdôn* and-I *bāʾ*-to-you in-*šēm* *YHWH* *ṣəbāʾôt* *ʾĕlōhê* *maʿărəkôt* *Yiśrāʾēl* whom you-have-*ḥēraptā*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and said", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David", "*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*bāʾ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - coming/approaching", "*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword", "*ḥănît*": "noun, feminine singular - spear", "*kîdôn*": "noun, masculine singular - javelin/scimitar", "*bāʾ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - coming/approaching", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - name of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD (divine name)", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - of hosts/armies", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - God of", "*maʿărəkôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - armies/ranks of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ḥēraptā*": "piel perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have defied/taunted/reproached" }, "variants": { "*kîdôn*": "javelin/scimitar/short spear", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "armies/hosts/heavenly forces", "*maʿărəkôt*": "battle lines/ranks/armies", "*ḥēraptā*": "defied/taunted/reproached/insulted" } } 46 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.46", "source": "הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֡ה יְסַגֶּרְךָ֩ יְהוָ֨ה בְּיָדִ֜י וְהִכִּיתִ֗ךָ וַהֲסִרֹתִ֤י אֶת־רֹֽאשְׁךָ֙ מֵעָלֶ֔יךָ וְנָ֨תַתִּ֜י פֶּ֣גֶר מַחֲנֵ֤ה פְלִשְׁתִּים֙ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה לְע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וּלְחַיַּ֣ת הָאָ֑רֶץ וְיֵֽדְעוּ֙ כָּל־הָאָ֔רֶץ כִּ֛י יֵ֥שׁ אֱלֹהִ֖ים לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "the-*yôm* the-*zeh* *yəsaggerəkā* *YHWH* in-*yād*-my and-*hikkîtîkā* and-*hăsirōtî* *ʾet*-*rōʾš*-your from-upon-you and-*nātattî* *peger* *maḥănēh* *pəlištîm* the-*yôm* the-*zeh* to-*ʿôp* the-*šāmayim* and-to-*ḥayyat* the-*ʾāreṣ* and-*yēdəʿû* all-the-*ʾāreṣ* that *yēš* *ʾĕlōhîm* to-*Yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the day", "*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective, masculine singular - this", "*yəsaggerəkā*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - he will deliver you", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD (divine name)", "*yād*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person suffix - my hand", "*hikkîtîkā*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - I will strike you", "*hăsirōtî*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I will remove", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your head", "*nātattî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I will give", "*peger*": "noun, masculine singular construct - carcass/corpse of", "*maḥănēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - camp/army of", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines", "*ʿôp*": "noun, masculine singular construct - birds/fowl of", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the heavens", "*ḥayyat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - beasts/animals of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land", "*yēdəʿû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they will know", "*yēš*": "existential particle - there is/exists", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*yəsaggerəkā*": "deliver you/shut you up/enclose you", "*peger*": "corpse/carcass/dead body", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods (grammatically plural form used for singular deity)" } } 47 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.47", "source": "וְיֵֽדְעוּ֙ כָּל־הַקָּהָ֣ל הַזֶּ֔ה כִּֽי־לֹ֛א בְּחֶ֥רֶב וּבַחֲנִ֖ית יְהוֹשִׁ֣יעַ יְהוָ֑ה כִּ֤י לַֽיהוָה֙ הַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וְנָתַ֥ן אֶתְכֶ֖ם בְּיָדֵֽנוּ׃", "text": "and-*yēdəʿû* all-the-*qāhāl* the-*zeh* that-not with-*ḥereb* and-with-*ḥănît* *yəhôšîaʿ* *YHWH* for to-*YHWH* the-*milḥāmāh* and-*nātan* *ʾetkem* in-*yād*-our", "grammar": { "*yēdəʿû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they will know", "*qāhāl*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - assembly/congregation", "*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective, masculine singular - this", "*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword", "*ḥănît*": "noun, feminine singular - spear", "*yəhôšîaʿ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he saves/delivers", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD (divine name)", "*milḥāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the battle/war", "*nātan*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will give", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker with 2nd masculine plural suffix - you (plural)", "*yād*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st plural suffix - our hand" }, "variants": { "*qāhāl*": "assembly/congregation/group", "*yəhôšîaʿ*": "saves/delivers/rescues", "*milḥāmāh*": "battle/war/fight" } } 48 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.48", "source": "וְהָיָה֙ כִּֽי־קָ֣ם הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ וַיִּקְרַ֖ב לִקְרַ֣את דָּוִ֑ד וַיְמַהֵ֣ר דָּוִ֔ד וַיָּ֥רָץ הַמַּעֲרָכָ֖ה לִקְרַ֥את הַפְּלִשְׁתִּֽי׃", "text": "and-*hāyāh* when-*qām* the-*pəlištî* *wə-yēlek* and-*yiqrab* to-*qirʾat* *Dāwid* and-*yəmahēr* *Dāwid* and-*yāroṣ* the-*maʿărākāh* to-*qirʾat* the-*pəlištî*", "grammar": { "*hāyāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it happened/was", "*qām*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - arose/stood up", "*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*wə-yēlek*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and went/walked", "*yiqrab*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - approached/drew near", "*qirʾat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - meeting of", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David", "*yəmahēr*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - hastened/hurried", "*yāroṣ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - ran", "*maʿărākāh*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the battle line/array", "*qirʾat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - meeting of", "*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine" }, "variants": { "*maʿărākāh*": "battle line/formation/ranks/array" } } 49 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.49", "source": "וַיִּשְׁלַח֩ דָּוִ֨ד אֶת־יָד֜וֹ אֶל־הַכֶּ֗לִי וַיִּקַּ֨ח מִשָּׁ֥ם אֶ֙בֶן֙ וַיְקַלַּ֔ע וַיַּ֥ךְ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י אֶל־מִצְח֑וֹ וַתִּטְבַּ֤ע הָאֶ֙בֶן֙ בְּמִצְח֔וֹ וַיִּפֹּ֥ל עַל־פָּנָ֖יו אָֽרְצָה׃", "text": "*wə-yišlaḥ* *Dāwid* *ʾet*-*yād*-his to-the-*kelî* *wə-yiqqaḥ* from-there *ʾeben* and-*yəqallaʿ* and-*yaḵ* *ʾet*-the-*pəlištî* to-*mēṣaḥ*-his *wa-tiṭbaʿ* the-*ʾeben* in-*mēṣaḥ*-his and-*yippōl* on-*pānîm*-his *ʾarṣāh*", "grammar": { "*wə-yišlaḥ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and sent/put out", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David", "*yād*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*kelî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the vessel/bag/pouch", "*wə-yiqqaḥ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and took", "*ʾeben*": "noun, feminine singular - stone", "*yəqallaʿ*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - slung/hurled", "*yaḵ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - struck", "*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*mēṣaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his forehead", "*wa-tiṭbaʿ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and sank/penetrated", "*ʾeben*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the stone", "*mēṣaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his forehead", "*yippōl*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - fell", "*pānîm*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his face", "*ʾarṣāh*": "noun, feminine singular with directional suffix - to the ground" }, "variants": { "*kelî*": "vessel/bag/pouch/equipment", "*yəqallaʿ*": "slung/hurled/shot", "*tiṭbaʿ*": "sank/penetrated/embedded" } } 50 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.50", "source": "וַיֶּחֱזַ֨ק דָּוִ֤ד מִן־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּי֙ בַּקֶּ֣לַע וּבָאֶ֔בֶן וַיַּ֥ךְ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י וַיְמִיתֵ֑הוּ וְחֶ֖רֶב אֵ֥ין בְּיַד־דָּוִֽד׃", "text": "*wə-yeḥĕzaq* *Dāwid* from-the-*pəlištî* with-the-*qelaʿ* and-with-the-*ʾeben* and-*yaḵ* *ʾet*-the-*pəlištî* and-*yəmîtēhû* and-*ḥereb* *ʾên* in-*yad*-*Dāwid*", "grammar": { "*wə-yeḥĕzaq*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and prevailed/was stronger", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David", "*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*qelaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the sling", "*ʾeben*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the stone", "*yaḵ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - struck", "*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*yəmîtēhû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - killed him", "*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword", "*ʾên*": "negative existential particle - there was not", "*yad*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hand of", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David" }, "variants": { "*yeḥĕzaq*": "prevailed/was stronger/overcame", "*qelaʿ*": "sling/slingshot" } } 51 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.51", "source": "וַיָּ֣רָץ דָּ֠וִד וַיַּעֲמֹ֨ד אֶל־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֜י וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֶת־חַ֠רְבּוֹ וַֽיִּשְׁלְפָ֤הּ מִתַּעְרָהּ֙ וַיְמֹ֣תְתֵ֔הוּ וַיִּכְרָת־בָּ֖הּ אֶת־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ וַיִּרְא֧וּ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֛ים כִּֽי־מֵ֥ת גִּבּוֹרָ֖ם וַיָּנֻֽסוּ׃", "text": "*wə-yāroṣ* *Dāwid* and-*yaʿămōd* to-the-*pəlištî* and-*yiqqaḥ* *ʾet*-*ḥarbô* and-*yišləpāhh* from-*taʿrāh* and-*yəmōtətēhû* and-*yiḵrōt*-with-it *ʾet*-*rōʾš*-his and-*yirʾû* the-*pəlištîm* that-*mēt* *gibbôrām* and-*yānusû*", "grammar": { "*wə-yāroṣ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and ran", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David", "*yaʿămōd*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - stood", "*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*yiqqaḥ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - took", "*ḥarbô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his sword", "*yišləpāhh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - drew it", "*taʿrāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - its sheath", "*yəmōtətēhû*": "polel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - killed him", "*yiḵrōt*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - cut off", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his head", "*yirʾû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - saw", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural with definite article - the Philistines", "*mēt*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - died/was dead", "*gibbôrām*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their champion/mighty man", "*yānusû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - fled" }, "variants": { "*yišləpāhh*": "drew it/pulled it out", "*yəmōtətēhû*": "killed him/put him to death", "*gibbôrām*": "champion/mighty man/warrior" } } 52 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.52", "source": "וַיָּקֻ֣מוּ אַנְשֵׁי֩ יִשְׂרָאֵ֨ל וִיהוּדָ֜ה וַיָּרִ֗עוּ וַֽיִּרְדְּפוּ֙ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים עַד־בּוֹאֲךָ֣ גַ֔יְא וְעַ֖ד שַׁעֲרֵ֣י עֶקְר֑וֹן וַֽיִּפְּל֞וּ חַֽלְלֵ֤י פְלִשְׁתִּים֙ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ שַׁעֲרַ֔יִם וְעַד־גַּ֖ת וְעַד־עֶקְרֽוֹן", "text": "*wə-yāqumû* *ʾanšê* *Yiśrāʾēl* and-*Yəhûdāh* and-*yārîʿû* and-*yirdəpû* *ʾet*-the-*pəlištîm* until-*bôʾăḵā* *gayʾ* and-until *šaʿărê* *ʿeqrôn* and-*yippəlû* *ḥalələê* *pəlištîm* in-*dereḵ* *šaʿărayim* and-until-*gat* and-until-*ʿeqrôn*", "grammar": { "*wə-yāqumû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and arose/stood up", "*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - men of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*Yəhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*yārîʿû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - shouted", "*yirdəpû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - pursued", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural with definite article - the Philistines", "*bôʾăḵā*": "qal infinitive construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your coming/entrance to", "*gayʾ*": "noun, masculine singular - valley", "*šaʿărê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - gates of", "*ʿeqrôn*": "proper noun - Ekron", "*yippəlû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - fell", "*ḥalələê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - wounded/slain of", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines", "*dereḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - way/road of", "*šaʿărayim*": "proper noun - Shaaraim", "*gat*": "proper noun - Gath", "*ʿeqrôn*": "proper noun - Ekron" }, "variants": { "*yārîʿû*": "shouted/raised war cry", "*ḥalələê*": "wounded/slain/fallen", "*šaʿărayim*": "proper name Shaaraim/possibly 'two gates'" } } 53 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.53", "source": "וַיָּשֻׁ֙בוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִדְּלֹ֖ק אַחֲרֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיָּשֹׁ֖סּוּ אֶת־מַחֲנֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*wə-yāšuḇû* *bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* from-*dəlōq* after *pəlištîm* and-*yāšossû* *ʾet*-*maḥănêhem*", "grammar": { "*wə-yāšuḇû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and returned", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons/children of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*dəlōq*": "qal infinitive construct - pursuing hotly", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines", "*yāšossû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - plundered", "*maḥănêhem*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their camps" }, "variants": { "*dəlōq*": "pursuing hotly/chasing", "*yāšossû*": "plundered/looted/spoiled" } } 54 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.54", "source": "וַיִּקַּ֤ח דָּוִד֙ אֶת־רֹ֣אשׁ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י וַיְבִאֵ֖הוּ יְרוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם וְאֶת־כֵּלָ֖יו שָׂ֥ם בְּאָהֳלֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wə-yiqqaḥ* *Dāwid* *ʾet*-*rōʾš* the-*pəlištî* and-*yəḇiʾēhû* *Yərûšālā͏im* and-*ʾet*-*kēlāyw* *śām* in-*ʾohŏlô*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiqqaḥ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and took", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - head of", "*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*yəḇiʾēhû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - brought it", "*Yərûšālā͏im*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*kēlāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his weapons/equipment", "*śām*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - put/placed", "*ʾohŏlô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his tent" }, "variants": { "*kēlāyw*": "weapons/equipment/armor/tools" } }
  • 2 Sam 3:18 : 18 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.3.18", "source": "וְעַתָּ֖ה עֲשׂ֑וּ כִּ֣י יְהוָ֗ה אָמַ֤ר אֶל־דָּוִד֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר בְּיַ֣ד ׀ דָּוִ֣ד עַבְדִּ֗י הוֹשִׁ֜יעַ אֶת־עַמִּ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מִיַּ֣ד פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וּמִיַּ֖ד כָּל־אֹיְבֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wə-ʿattāh* *ʿăśû* for *kî* *yhwh* *ʾāmar* to-*dāwid* *lēʾmōr* by-*yad* *dāwid* *ʿabdî* *hôšîaʿ* *ʾet*-*ʿammî* *yiśrāʾēl* from-*yad* *pəlištîm* and-from-*yad* all-*ʾōyəbêhem*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʿattāh*": "waw conjunction + adverb - and now", "*ʿăśû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - do/act", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*yhwh*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said/has said", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*yad*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hand of/by means of", "*ʿabdî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my servant", "*hôšîaʿ*": "hiphil infinitive absolute - save/deliver", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿammî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines", "*ʾōyəbêhem*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their enemies" }, "variants": { "*yad*": "hand/power/agency/instrument/means", "*hôšîaʿ*": "save/deliver/rescue/help" } }
  • 2 Sam 6:21 : 21 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.6.21", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִד֮ אֶל־מִיכַל֒ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר בָּֽחַר־בִּ֤י מֵֽאָבִיךְ֙ וּמִכָּל־בֵּית֔וֹ לְצַוֺּ֨ת אֹתִ֥י נָגִ֛יד עַל־עַ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְשִׂחַקְתִּ֖י לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "And *yōʾmer* *Dāwid* unto-*Mîkal* before *YHWH* who *bāḥar*-in-me from-*ʾābîk* and-from-all-*bêtô* to-*ṣawwōt* *ʾōtî* *nāgîd* over-*ʿam* *YHWH* over-*Yiśrāʾēl* and-*śiḥaqtî* before *YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*yōʾmer*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - he said", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*Mîkal*": "proper noun - Michal", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*bāḥar*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he chose", "*ʾābîk*": "masculine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your father", "*bêtô*": "masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his house", "*ṣawwōt*": "Piel infinitive construct - to appoint/command", "*ʾōtî*": "direct object marker with 1st common singular suffix - me", "*nāgîd*": "masculine singular - ruler/leader", "*ʿam*": "masculine singular construct - people of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*śiḥaqtî*": "Piel perfect 1st common singular with waw consecutive - I played/danced" }, "variants": { "*nāgîd*": "ruler/leader/prince", "*śiḥaqtî*": "played/celebrated/danced/made merry" } }
  • 2 Sam 7:8 : 8 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.7.8", "source": "וְ֠עַתָּה כֹּֽה־תֹאמַ֞ר לְעַבְדִּ֣י לְדָוִ֗ד כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת אֲנִ֤י לְקַחְתִּ֙יךָ֙ מִן־הַנָּוֶ֔ה מֵאַחַ֖ר הַצֹּ֑אן לִֽהְי֣וֹת נָגִ֔יד עַל־עַמִּ֖י עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And *wəʿattāh* *kōh-ṯōʾmar* to *ʿaḇdî* to *ḏāwiḏ*, *kōh* *ʾāmar* *YHWH* *ṣəḇāʾôṯ*, *ʾănî* *ləqaḥtîḵā* from the *nāweh*, from after the *ṣōʾn*, to *lihyôṯ* *nāgîḏ* over *ʿammî* over *yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*wəʿattāh*": "conjunction + adverb - 'and now'", "*kōh-ṯōʾmar*": "adverb + verb, qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - 'thus you shall say'", "*ʿaḇdî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - 'my servant'", "*ḏāwiḏ*": "proper noun - 'David'", "*kōh*": "adverb - 'thus/so'", "*ʾāmar*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'said'", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*ṣəḇāʾôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural - 'hosts/armies'", "*ʾănî*": "pronoun, 1st person singular - 'I'", "*ləqaḥtîḵā*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'I took you'", "*nāweh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - 'the pasture/meadow'", "*ṣōʾn*": "noun, collective with definite article - 'the flock/sheep'", "*lihyôṯ*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - 'to be'", "*nāgîḏ*": "noun, masculine singular - 'ruler/leader'", "*ʿammî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - 'my people'", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - 'Israel'" }, "variants": { "*nāweh*": "pasture/meadow/habitation", "*ṣōʾn*": "flock/sheep/cattle", "*nāgîḏ*": "ruler/leader/prince/commander" } }
  • 1 Kgs 19:19-20 : 19 { "verseID": "1_Kings.19.19", "source": "וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ מִ֠שָּׁם וַיִּמְצָ֞א אֶת־אֱלִישָׁ֤ע בֶּן־שָׁפָט֙ וְה֣וּא חֹרֵ֔שׁ שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֤ר צְמָדִים֙ לְפָנָ֔יו וְה֖וּא בִּשְׁנֵ֣ים הֶעָשָׂ֑ר וַיַּעֲבֹ֤ר אֵלִיָּ֙הוּ֙ אֵלָ֔יו וַיַּשְׁלֵ֥ךְ אַדַּרְתּ֖וֹ אֵלָֽיו׃", "text": "And *wayyēleḵ* from there and *wayyimṣāʾ* *ʾet*-*ʾĔlîšāʿ* son-*Šāpāṭ* and he *ḥōrēš* twelve *ṣəmādîm* before him and he in the twelfth and *wayyaʿăḇōr* *ʾĒliyyāhû* to him and *wayyašlēḵ* *ʾaddartô* to him.", "grammar": { "*wayyēleḵ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he went", "*wayyimṣāʾ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he found", "*ʾĔlîšāʿ*": "proper noun - Elisha", "*Šāpāṭ*": "proper noun - Shaphat", "*ḥōrēš*": "Qal participle masculine singular - plowing", "*ṣəmādîm*": "noun masculine plural - pairs/yokes", "*wayyaʿăḇōr*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he passed by", "*ʾĒliyyāhû*": "proper noun - Elijah", "*wayyašlēḵ*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he cast", "*ʾaddartô*": "noun feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his mantle" }, "variants": { "*ḥōrēš*": "plowing/ploughing", "*šənêm-ʿāśār ṣəmādîm*": "twelve yokes/twelve pairs of oxen", "*wəhûʾ bišnêm heʿāśār*": "and he was with the twelfth/he was with the twelfth pair", "*wayyašlēḵ ʾaddartô ʾēlāyw*": "and he threw his mantle to him/he cast his cloak upon him" } } 20 { "verseID": "1_Kings.19.20", "source": "וַיַּעֲזֹ֣ב אֶת־הַבָּקָ֗ר וַיָּ֙רָץ֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י אֽ͏ֵלִיָּ֔הוּ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אֶשְּׁקָה־נָּא֙ לְאָבִ֣י וּלְאִמִּ֔י וְאֵלְכָ֖ה אַחֲרֶ֑יךָ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ לֵ֣ךְ שׁ֔וּב כִּ֥י מֶה־עָשִׂ֖יתִי לָֽךְ׃", "text": "And *wayyaʿăzōḇ* *ʾet*-the *bāqār* and *wayyāroṣ* after *ʾĒliyyāhû* and *wayyōʾmer* let *ʾeššəqâ*-please to my father and to my mother and *wəʾēləḵâ* after you and *wayyōʾmer* to him go *šûḇ* for what-*ʿāśîtî* to you.", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿăzōḇ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he left", "*bāqār*": "noun masculine singular + definite article - the oxen", "*wayyāroṣ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he ran", "*ʾĒliyyāhû*": "proper noun - Elijah", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾeššəqâ*": "Qal imperfect 1st common singular cohortative - let me kiss", "*wəʾēləḵâ*": "waw conjunction + Qal imperfect 1st common singular cohortative - and let me go", "*šûḇ*": "Qal imperative masculine singular - return", "*ʿāśîtî*": "Qal perfect 1st common singular - I have done" }, "variants": { "*ʾeššəqâ-nāʾ*": "let me kiss, please/allow me to kiss", "*wəʾēləḵâ ʾaḥăreḵā*": "and let me follow you/then I will follow you", "*lēḵ šûḇ*": "go, return/go back", "*kî meh-ʿāśîtî lāḵ*": "for what have I done to you/what have I done to you" } }
  • Ps 89:19-20 : 19 { "verseID": "Psalms.89.19", "source": "כִּי לַיהוָה מָגִנֵּנוּ וְלִקְדוֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל מַלְכֵּנוּ", "text": "For to-*YHWH* *māginnēnû* and-to-*qᵉdôš* *Yiśrāʾēl* *malkēnû*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*la-YHWH*": "preposition + divine name - to/belonging to YHWH", "*māginnēnû*": "noun + 1st person plural suffix - our shield", "*wᵉ-li-qᵉdôš*": "conjunction + preposition + adjective construct - and to holy one of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*malkēnû*": "noun + 1st person plural suffix - our king" }, "variants": { "*māginnēnû*": "our shield/protection/defense", "*qᵉdôš Yiśrāʾēl*": "Holy One of Israel [divine title]", "*malkēnû*": "our king/ruler" } } 20 { "verseID": "Psalms.89.20", "source": "אָז דִּבַּרְתָּ־בְחָזוֹן לַחֲסִידֶיךָ וַתֹּאמֶר שִׁוִּיתִי עֵזֶר עַל־גִּבּוֹר הֲרִימוֹתִי בָחוּר מֵעָם", "text": "Then you-*dibbartā*-in-*ḥāzôn* to-*ḥăsîdeykā* and-*tōʾmer*: I-*šiwwîtî* *ʿēzer* upon-*gibbôr*; I-*hărîmôtî* *bāḥûr* from-*ʿām*", "grammar": { "*ʾāz*": "adverb - then/at that time", "*dibbartā*": "verb, piel perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you spoke", "*bᵉ-ḥāzôn*": "preposition + noun - in vision", "*la-ḥăsîdeykā*": "preposition + noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to your faithful ones", "*wa-tōʾmer*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect with waw consecutive 2nd person masculine singular - and you said", "*šiwwîtî*": "verb, piel perfect 1st person singular - I have placed", "*ʿēzer*": "noun, masculine singular - help", "*ʿal-gibbôr*": "preposition + adjective/noun - upon a mighty one", "*hărîmôtî*": "verb, hiphil perfect 1st person singular - I have exalted", "*bāḥûr*": "noun, masculine singular - chosen/young man", "*mē-ʿām*": "preposition + noun - from people" }, "variants": { "*dibbartā*": "you spoke/said", "*ḥāzôn*": "vision/revelation", "*ḥăsîdeykā*": "your faithful ones/godly ones/saints", "*šiwwîtî*": "I have placed/set/laid", "*ʿēzer*": "help/assistance", "*gibbôr*": "mighty one/warrior/hero", "*hărîmôtî*": "I have exalted/lifted up", "*bāḥûr*": "chosen one/young man", "*ʿām*": "people/nation" } }
  • Amos 7:14-15 : 14 { "verseID": "Amos.7.14", "source": "וַיַּ֤עַן עָמוֹס֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֶל־אֲמַצְיָ֔ה לֹא־נָבִ֣יא אָנֹ֔כִי וְלֹ֥א בֶן־נָבִ֖יא אָנֹ֑כִי כִּֽי־בוֹקֵ֥ר אָנֹ֖כִי וּבוֹלֵ֥ס שִׁקְמִֽים׃", "text": "And-*yaʿan* *ʿāmôs* and-*yōʾmer* *ʾel*-*ʾămaṣyāh* *lōʾ*-*nābîʾ* *ʾānōkî* and-*lōʾ* *ben*-*nābîʾ* *ʾānōkî* for-*bôqēr* *ʾānōkî* and-*bôlēs* *šiqmîm*.", "grammar": { "*yaʿan*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masc. singular with consecutive waw - and he answered", "*ʿāmôs*": "proper noun - Amos", "*yōʾmer*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masc. singular with consecutive waw - and he said", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*ʾămaṣyāh*": "proper noun - Amaziah", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*nābîʾ*": "noun, masc. singular - prophet", "*ʾānōkî*": "1st singular pronoun - I", "*ben*": "noun, masc. singular construct - son of", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*bôqēr*": "qal participle, masc. singular - herdsman/shepherd", "*bôlēs*": "qal participle, masc. singular - gatherer/tender", "*šiqmîm*": "noun, masc. plural - sycamore figs" }, "variants": { "*nābîʾ*": "prophet/seer", "*bôqēr*": "herdsman/shepherd/cattle-breeder", "*bôlēs*": "gatherer/tender/dresser" } } 15 { "verseID": "Amos.7.15", "source": "וַיִּקָּחֵ֣נִי יְהוָ֔ה מֵאַחֲרֵ֖י הַצֹּ֑אן וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלַי֙ יְהוָ֔ה לֵ֥ךְ הִנָּבֵ֖א אֶל־עַמִּ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And-*yiqqāḥēnî* *YHWH* from-behind the-*ṣōʾn* and-*yōʾmer* *ʾēlay* *YHWH* *lēk* *hinnābēʾ* *ʾel*-*ʿammî* *yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*yiqqāḥēnî*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masc. singular with consecutive waw and 1st singular suffix - and he took me", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*mēʾaḥărê*": "compound preposition - from behind", "*ṣōʾn*": "noun, fem. singular with definite article - the flock", "*yōʾmer*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masc. singular with consecutive waw - and he said", "*ʾēlay*": "preposition with 1st singular suffix - to me", "*lēk*": "qal imperative, masc. singular - go", "*hinnābēʾ*": "niphal imperative, masc. singular - prophesy", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*ʿammî*": "noun, masc. singular with 1st singular suffix - my people", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*yiqqāḥēnî*": "took me/received me/fetched me", "*ṣōʾn*": "flock/sheep/small cattle" } }
  • Exod 3:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Exodus.3.1", "source": "וּמֹשֶׁ֗ה הָיָ֥ה רֹעֶ֛ה אֶת־צֹ֛אן יִתְר֥וֹ חֹתְנ֖וֹ כֹּהֵ֣ן מִדְיָ֑ן וַיִּנְהַ֤ג אֶת־הַצֹּאן֙ אַחַ֣ר הַמִּדְבָּ֔ר וַיָּבֹ֛א אֶל־הַ֥ר הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים חֹרֵֽבָה׃", "text": "And *Mōšeh* *hāyāh* *rō'eh* *ʾet*-*ṣōʾn* *Yitrō* *ḥōtnō* *kōhēn* *Midyān* *wayyinhaḡ* *ʾet*-*haṣṣōʾn* *ʾaḥar* *hammidbār* *wayyāḇōʾ* to-*har* *hāʾĕlōhîm* *Ḥōrēḇāh*.", "grammar": { "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moses", "*hāyāh*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was/became", "*rō'eh*": "participle, masculine singular - shepherding/tending", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker - untranslatable particle indicating following noun is direct object", "*ṣōʾn*": "noun, common feminine singular - flock/sheep", "*Yitrō*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jethro", "*ḥōtnō*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father-in-law", "*kōhēn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - priest of", "*Midyān*": "proper noun - Midian", "*wayyinhaḡ*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he led/drove", "*haṣṣōʾn*": "noun, common feminine singular with definite article - the flock", "*ʾaḥar*": "preposition - behind/after", "*hammidbār*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the wilderness/desert", "*wayyāḇōʾ*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he came", "*har*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mountain of", "*hāʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the God (plural form with singular meaning)", "*Ḥōrēḇāh*": "proper noun with directional he suffix - to Horeb" }, "variants": { "*rō'eh*": "shepherding/tending/feeding", "*ṣōʾn*": "flock/sheep/small cattle", "*wayyinhaḡ*": "and he led/drove/guided", "*ʾaḥar*": "behind/after/beyond", "*hammidbār*": "the wilderness/desert/uninhabited land", "*hāʾĕlōhîm*": "the God/gods/divine being" } }
  • Exod 3:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Exodus.3.10", "source": "וְעַתָּ֣ה לְכָ֔ה וְאֶֽשְׁלָחֲךָ֖ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֑ה וְהוֹצֵ֛א אֶת־עַמִּ֥י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "And-*'attāh* *leḵāh* and-*ʾešlāḥăḵā* to-*Par'ōh* and-*hōṣēʾ* *ʾet*-*'ammî* *benê*-*Yiśrāʾēl* from-*Miṣrayim*.", "grammar": { "*'attāh*": "adverb - now", "*leḵāh*": "imperative, masculine singular with paragogic he - go", "*ʾešlāḥăḵā*": "imperfect, 1st person singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - I will send you", "*Par'ōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*hōṣēʾ*": "imperative, masculine singular, hiphil - bring out", "*'ammî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*benê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons/children of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt" }, "variants": { "*leḵāh*": "go/walk/come", "*ʾešlāḥăḵā*": "I will send you/I will commission you/I will dispatch you", "*hōṣēʾ*": "bring out/lead out/cause to go out" } }
  • Acts 13:22 : 22 { "verseID": "Acts.13.22", "source": "Καὶ μεταστήσας αὐτόν, ἤγειρεν αὐτοῖς τὸν Δαυίδ εἰς βασιλέα· ᾧ καὶ εἶπεν, μαρτυρήσας, Εὗρον Δαυίδ τὸν τοῦ Ἰεσσαί, ἄνδρα κατὰ τὴν καρδίαν μου, ὃς ποιήσει πάντα τὰ θελήματά μου.", "text": "And *metastēsas* him, *ēgeiren* to-them the *David* for *basilea*; to-whom also *eipen*, *martyrēsas*, *Heuron* *David* the [son] of the *Iessai*, *andra* according-to the *kardian* of-me, who *poiēsei* all the *thelēmata* of-me.", "grammar": { "*metastēsas*": "aorist, active, participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having removed/deposed", "*ēgeiren*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd person singular - he raised up", "*David*": "accusative, masculine, singular - proper name", "*basilea*": "accusative, masculine, singular - king", "*eipen*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd person singular - he said", "*martyrēsas*": "aorist, active, participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having testified", "*Heuron*": "aorist, active, indicative, 1st person singular - I found", "*Iessai*": "genitive, masculine, singular - proper name", "*andra*": "accusative, masculine, singular - man", "*kardian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - heart", "*poiēsei*": "future, active, indicative, 3rd person singular - he will do", "*thelēmata*": "accusative, neuter, plural - desires/wishes" }, "variants": { "*metastēsas*": "having removed/set aside/deposed/taken away", "*ēgeiren*": "raised up/established/appointed", "*martyrēsas*": "having testified/witnessed/attested", "*Heuron*": "I found/discovered", "*andra*": "man/male person", "*kardian*": "heart/mind/will/inner being", "*thelēmata*": "wishes/desires/will/purposes" } }
  • Matt 4:18-22 : 18 { "verseID": "Matthew.4.18", "source": "Περιπατῶν δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν τῆς Γαλιλαίας, εἶδεν δύο ἀδελφούς, Σίμωνα τὸν λεγόμενον Πέτρον, καὶ Ἀνδρέαν τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ, βάλλοντας ἀμφίβληστρον εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν: ἦσαν γὰρ ἁλιεῖς.", "text": "*Peripatōn de ho Iēsous para* the *thalassan tēs Galilaias*, *eiden duo adelphous*, *Simōna ton legomenon Petron*, and *Andrean ton adelphon autou*, *ballontas amphiblēstron* into the *thalassan*: *ēsan gar halieis*.", "grammar": { "*Peripatōn*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - walking", "*de*": "particle - but/and/now", "*ho Iēsous*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Jesus", "*para*": "preposition + accusative - beside/along", "*thalassan*": "accusative, feminine, singular - sea", "*tēs Galilaias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of Galilee", "*eiden*": "aorist active, 3rd singular - saw", "*duo*": "accusative - two", "*adelphous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - brothers", "*Simōna*": "accusative, masculine, singular - Simon [proper name]", "*ton legomenon*": "present passive participle, accusative, masculine, singular - the one being called", "*Petron*": "accusative, masculine, singular - Peter [proper name]", "*Andrean*": "accusative, masculine, singular - Andrew [proper name]", "*ton adelphon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - the brother", "*autou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of him/his", "*ballontas*": "present active participle, accusative, masculine, plural - casting", "*amphiblēstron*": "accusative, neuter, singular - casting-net", "*thalassan*": "accusative, feminine, singular - sea", "*ēsan*": "imperfect active, 3rd plural - they were", "*gar*": "conjunction - for/because", "*halieis*": "nominative, masculine, plural - fishermen" }, "variants": { "*Peripatōn*": "walking/going about", "*de*": "but/and/now [transitional particle]", "*para*": "beside/along/by", "*thalassan*": "sea/lake", "*eiden*": "saw/perceived", "*legomenon*": "being called/named", "*ballontas*": "casting/throwing", "*amphiblēstron*": "casting-net/fishing net", "*ēsan*": "they were/they existed", "*halieis*": "fishermen/fishers" } } 19 { "verseID": "Matthew.4.19", "source": "Καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς, Δεῦτε ὀπίσω μου, καὶ ποιήσω ὑμᾶς ἁλιεῖς ἀνθρώπων.", "text": "And *legei autois*, *Deute opisō mou*, and *poiēsō humas halieis anthrōpōn*.", "grammar": { "*legei*": "present active, 3rd singular - says/is saying", "*autois*": "dative, masculine, plural - to them", "*Deute*": "imperative adverb - come", "*opisō*": "preposition + genitive - after/behind", "*mou*": "genitive, singular - of me/my", "*poiēsō*": "future active, 1st singular - I will make", "*humas*": "accusative, plural - you", "*halieis*": "accusative, masculine, plural - fishermen", "*anthrōpōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of men/people" }, "variants": { "*legei*": "says/is saying/tells [historical present]", "*Deute*": "come/come here/follow", "*opisō*": "after/behind/following", "*poiēsō*": "I will make/I will cause to be", "*halieis*": "fishermen/fishers/catchers", "*anthrōpōn*": "of men/of people/of humans" } } 20 { "verseID": "Matthew.4.20", "source": "Οἱ δὲ εὐθέως ἀφέντες τὰ δίκτυα, ἠκολούθησαν αὐτῷ.", "text": "*Hoi de eutheōs aphentes ta diktua*, *ēkolouthēsan autō*.", "grammar": { "*Hoi*": "definite article, nominative, masculine, plural - the [ones]", "*de*": "particle - but/and/now", "*eutheōs*": "adverb - immediately", "*aphentes*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having left", "*ta diktua*": "accusative, neuter, plural - the nets", "*ēkolouthēsan*": "aorist active, 3rd plural - they followed", "*autō*": "dative, masculine, singular - him" }, "variants": { "*de*": "but/and/now [transitional particle]", "*eutheōs*": "immediately/at once/straightway", "*aphentes*": "having left/leaving/abandoning", "*diktua*": "nets/fishing nets", "*ēkolouthēsan*": "they followed/they went with/they accompanied" } } 21 { "verseID": "Matthew.4.21", "source": "Καὶ προβὰς ἐκεῖθεν, εἶδεν ἄλλους δύο ἀδελφούς, Ἰάκωβον τὸν τοῦ Ζεβεδαίου, καὶ Ἰωάννην τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ, ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ μετὰ Ζεβεδαίου τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτῶν, καταρτίζοντας τὰ δίκτυα αὐτῶν· καὶ ἐκάλεσεν αὐτούς.", "text": "And *probas ekeithen*, *eiden allous duo adelphous*, *Iakōbon ton tou Zebedaiou*, and *Iōannēn ton adelphon autou*, in the *ploiō meta Zebedaiou tou patros autōn*, *katartizontas ta diktua autōn*; and *ekalesen autous*.", "grammar": { "*probas*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having gone on", "*ekeithen*": "adverb - from there", "*eiden*": "aorist active, 3rd singular - saw", "*allous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - other", "*duo*": "accusative - two", "*adelphous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - brothers", "*Iakōbon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - James [proper name]", "*ton tou Zebedaiou*": "accusative + genitive - the [son] of Zebedee", "*Iōannēn*": "accusative, masculine, singular - John [proper name]", "*ton adelphon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - the brother", "*autou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of him/his", "*ploiō*": "dative, neuter, singular - boat [object of preposition]", "*meta*": "preposition + genitive - with", "*Zebedaiou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - Zebedee [proper name]", "*tou patros*": "genitive, masculine, singular - the father", "*autōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of them/their", "*katartizontas*": "present active participle, accusative, masculine, plural - mending/preparing", "*ta diktua*": "accusative, neuter, plural - the nets", "*autōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of them/their", "*ekalesen*": "aorist active, 3rd singular - called", "*autous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - them" }, "variants": { "*probas*": "having gone on/proceeding/going farther", "*ekeithen*": "from there/from that place", "*eiden*": "saw/perceived", "*allous*": "other/another", "*ploiō*": "boat/ship", "*meta*": "with/in company with", "*patros*": "father/parent", "*katartizontas*": "mending/preparing/putting in order", "*diktua*": "nets/fishing nets", "*ekalesen*": "called/summoned" } } 22 { "verseID": "Matthew.4.22", "source": "Οἱ δὲ εὐθέως ἀφέντες τὸ πλοῖον καὶ τὸν πατέρα αὐτῶν, ἠκολούθησαν αὐτῷ.", "text": "*Hoi de eutheōs aphentes to ploion* and *ton patera autōn*, *ēkolouthēsan autō*.", "grammar": { "*Hoi*": "definite article, nominative, masculine, plural - the [ones]", "*de*": "particle - but/and/now", "*eutheōs*": "adverb - immediately", "*aphentes*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having left", "*to ploion*": "accusative, neuter, singular - the boat", "*ton patera*": "accusative, masculine, singular - the father", "*autōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of them/their", "*ēkolouthēsan*": "aorist active, 3rd plural - they followed", "*autō*": "dative, masculine, singular - him" }, "variants": { "*de*": "but/and/now [transitional particle]", "*eutheōs*": "immediately/at once/straightway", "*aphentes*": "having left/leaving/abandoning", "*ploion*": "boat/ship", "*patera*": "father/parent", "*ēkolouthēsan*": "they followed/they went with/they accompanied" } }