Hebrews 12:23

Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

to the assembly of the firstborn, whose names are written in heaven. You have come to God, the Judge of all, to the spirits of the righteous made perfect,

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

καὶ ἐκκλησίᾳ πρωτοτόκων, ἐν οὐρανοῖς ἀπογεγραμμένων, καὶ Κριτῇ Θεῷ πάντων, καὶ πνεύμασιν δικαίων τετελειωμένων,

Transliteration

and ekklēsia prōtotokōn, in ouranois apogegrammenōn, and to Kritē Theō of all, and to pneumasin dikaiōn teteleōmenōn,

Grammar Details

• *ekklēsia*: noun, dative, singular, feminine - to assembly/congregation/church
• *prōtotokōn*: noun, genitive, plural, masculine - of firstborn ones
• *ouranois*: noun, dative, plural, masculine - in heavens
• *apogegrammenōn*: participle, perfect passive, genitive, plural, masculine - having been registered/enrolled
• *Kritē*: noun, dative, singular, masculine - to Judge
• *Theō*: noun, dative, singular, masculine - to God
• *pneumasin*: noun, dative, plural, neuter - to spirits
• *dikaiōn*: adjective, genitive, plural, masculine - of righteous ones
• *teteleōmenōn*: participle, perfect passive, genitive, plural, masculine - having been perfected/completed

Word Meanings

• *ekklēsia*: assembly/congregation/church/gathering
• *prōtotokōn*: firstborn ones/those having birthright
• *apogegrammenōn*: having been registered/enrolled/recorded
• *Kritē*: Judge/one who judges
• *dikaiōn*: righteous ones/just ones
• *teteleōmenōn*: having been perfected/completed/brought to maturity

Other Translations

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  To the general assembly and church of the firstborn, which are written in heaven, and to God the Judge of all, and to the spirits of just men made perfect,

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  To the general assembly and church of the firstborn who are registered in heaven, to God the Judge of all, and to the spirits of righteous men made perfect,

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  To the general assembly and church of the firstborn, which are written in heaven, and to God the Judge of all, and to the spirits of just men made perfect,

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  to the general assembly and church of the firstborn who are enrolled in heaven, and to God the Judge of all, and to the spirits of just men made perfect,

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  To the general assembly and church of the firstborn, which are written in heaven, and to God the Judge of all, and to the spirits of just men made perfect,

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  and vnto the congregacion of ye fyrst borne sonnes which are writte in heven and to God the iudge of all and to the spretes of iust and parfecte men

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  and vnto the congregacion of the first borne, which are wrytten in heauen, and to God the iudge of all, and to the spretes of iust and perfecte men,

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And to the assemblie and congregation of the first borne, which are written in heauen, and to God the iudge of all, and to the spirits of iust and perfite men,

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And vnto the congregation of the first borne, written in heauen, and to God the iudge of all, and to the spirites of iust and perfect men:

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  To the general assembly and church of the firstborn, which are written in heaven, and to God the Judge of all, and to the spirits of just men made perfect,

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  to the general assembly and assembly of the firstborn who are enrolled in heaven, to God the Judge of all, to the spirits of just men made perfect,

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  to the company and assembly of the first-born in heaven enrolled, and to God the judge of all, and to spirits of righteous men made perfect,

• American Standard Version (1901)

  to the general assembly and church of the firstborn who are enrolled in heaven, and to God the Judge of all, and to the spirits of just men made perfect,

• American Standard Version (1901)

  to the general assembly and church of the firstborn who are enrolled in heaven, and to God the Judge of all, and to the spirits of just men made perfect,

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  To the great meeting and church of the first of those who are named in heaven, and to God the judge of all, and to the spirits of good men made complete,

• World English Bible (2000)

  to the general assembly and assembly of the firstborn who are enrolled in heaven, to God the Judge of all, to the spirits of just men made perfect,

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  and congregation of the firstborn, who are enrolled in heaven, and to God, the judge of all, and to the spirits of the righteous, who have been made perfect,

Referenced Verses

• Exod 4:22 : 22 Then you shall say to Pharaoh, 'This is what the LORD says: Israel is my firstborn son,
• Luke 10:20 : 20 Nevertheless, do not rejoice that the spirits submit to you, but rejoice that your names are written in heaven.
• Ps 94:2 : 2 Rise up, Judge of the earth; repay the proud for what they deserve.
• Gen 18:25 : 25 'Far be it from You to do such a thing—to kill the righteous with the wicked, treating the righteous and the wicked alike. Far be it from You! Will not the Judge of all the earth do what is just?'
• Heb 6:10-12 : 10 For God is not unjust to forget your work and the love you have shown for His name, having served and continuing to serve the saints. 11 We want each of you to show this same diligence to the very end, so that your hope may be fully realized. 12 Then you will not become sluggish, but will imitate those who, through faith and patience, inherit the promises.
• Heb 11:40 : 40 Since God had provided something better for us, so that they would not be made perfect without us.
• Eph 1:22 : 22 And He put all things under His feet and made Him head over all things for the church,
• Eph 5:24-27 : 24 As the church submits to Christ, so also wives should submit to their husbands in everything. 25 Husbands, love your wives, just as Christ loved the church and gave Himself up for her, 26 to make her holy, cleansing her by the washing of water through the word, 27 and to present her to Himself as a glorious church, without stain or wrinkle or any such blemish, but holy and blameless.
• Phil 1:21-23 : 21 For to me, to live is Christ and to die is gain. 22 Now if I live on in the flesh, this means fruitful labor for me. Yet I do not know what I shall choose. 23 I am torn between the two: I desire to depart and be with Christ, which is far better;
• Phil 3:12-21 : 12 Not that I have already obtained all this, or have already arrived at my goal, but I press on to take hold of that for which Christ Jesus took hold of me. 13 Brothers and sisters, I do not consider myself yet to have taken hold of it. But one thing I do: Forgetting what is behind and straining toward what is ahead, 14 I press on toward the goal to win the prize of the upward call of God in Christ Jesus. 15 Let all of us who are mature think this way. And if in anything you think differently, that too God will reveal to you. 16 Only let us hold true to what we have already attained. 17 Join together in imitating me, brothers and sisters, and keep your eyes on those who live as we do, as they are an example for you. 18 For many live as enemies of the cross of Christ, as I have often told you, and now I tell you again with tears. 19 Their end is destruction, their god is their appetite, and their glory is in their shame. Their minds are set on earthly things. 20 But our citizenship is in heaven, and we eagerly await a Savior from there, the Lord Jesus Christ, 21 who will transform our lowly bodies to be like his glorious body, through the power that enables him to bring everything under his control.
• Phil 4:3 : 3 Yes, and I ask you, true companion, to help these women who have contended at my side in the cause of the gospel, along with Clement and the rest of my co-workers, whose names are in the book of life.
• Col 1:12 : 12 who has qualified you to share in the inheritance of His holy people in the kingdom of light.
• Col 1:24 : 24 Now I rejoice in my sufferings for your sake, and in my flesh I am filling up what is lacking in Christ’s afflictions for the sake of His body, which is the church.
• 2 Thess 1:5-7 : 5 This is evidence of God's righteous judgment, so that you may be considered worthy of the kingdom of God, for which you are suffering. 6 Since it is just for God to repay those who trouble you with affliction, 7 and to give relief to you who are troubled, along with us, when the Lord Jesus is revealed from heaven with his powerful angels.
• 1 Tim 3:5 : 5 (For if someone does not know how to manage his own household, how will he take care of God’s church?)
• Jas 1:18 : 18 By His own will He brought us forth by the word of truth, so that we might be a kind of firstfruits of His creation.
• 1 Pet 2:23 : 23 When He was reviled, He did not revile in return. When He suffered, He did not threaten, but entrusted Himself to the One who judges justly.
• Rev 7:14-17 : 14 I said to him, 'Sir, you know.' And he said to me, 'These are the ones coming out of the great tribulation. They have washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb.' 15 For this reason, they are before the throne of God, and they serve him day and night in his temple. The one who sits on the throne will spread his shelter over them. 16 They will no longer hunger or thirst, nor will the sun beat down on them, nor any scorching heat. 17 For the Lamb at the center of the throne will shepherd them. He will lead them to springs of living water, and God will wipe away every tear from their eyes.
• Rev 13:8 : 8 All those who live on the earth will worship it, everyone whose names have not been written in the Lamb's book of life, the Lamb who was slain from the foundation of the world.
• Rev 14:4 : 4 These are those who have not defiled themselves with women, for they are virgins. They follow the Lamb wherever He goes. They were redeemed from among mankind as firstfruits to God and the Lamb.
• Rev 20:15 : 15 Anyone whose name was not found written in the book of life was thrown into the lake of fire.
• Heb 9:27 : 27 And just as it is appointed for humans to die once, and after that comes judgment,
• Heb 11:4 : 4 By faith Abel offered to God a more excellent sacrifice than Cain, through which he was commended as righteous, God testifying about his gifts; and through faith, even though he is dead, he still speaks.
• Ps 96:13 : 13 Let all this happen before the LORD, for he is coming—he is coming to judge the earth. He will judge the world in righteousness and the peoples in his faithfulness.
• Ps 98:9 : 9 Before the LORD, for He is coming to judge the earth; He will judge the world with righteousness and the peoples with equity.
• Ps 111:1 : 1 Praise the Lord! I will give thanks to the Lord with all my heart, in the council of the upright and in the assembly.
• Eccl 12:7 : 7 And the dust returns to the earth as it once was, and the spirit returns to God who gave it.
• Jer 31:9 : 9 They will come with weeping, and with pleas for mercy, I will lead them. I will guide them to streams of water on a straight path where they will not stumble, for I have become a father to Israel, and Ephraim is my firstborn.
• Matt 25:31-34 : 31 When the Son of Man comes in his glory, and all the holy angels are with him, he will sit on his glorious throne. 32 All the nations will be gathered before him, and he will separate them from one another, as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats. 33 He will place the sheep on his right and the goats on his left. 34 Then the King will say to those on his right, ‘Come, you who are blessed by my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world.
• John 5:27 : 27 And He has given Him authority to execute judgment because He is the Son of Man.
• Acts 20:28 : 28 Pay careful attention to yourselves and to all the flock, among whom the Holy Spirit has appointed you as overseers, to shepherd the church of God, which He purchased with His own blood.
• 1 Cor 13:12 : 12 For now we see only a reflection as in a mirror; then we shall see face to face. Now I know in part; then I shall know fully, even as I am fully known.
• 1 Cor 15:49 : 49 And just as we have borne the image of the man of dust, we shall also bear the image of the man of heaven.
• 1 Cor 15:54 : 54 When the perishable has been clothed with the imperishable, and the mortal with immortality, then the saying that is written will be fulfilled: 'Death is swallowed up in victory.'
• 2 Cor 5:8 : 8 We are confident, I say, and would prefer to be away from the body and at home with the Lord.
• Exod 13:2 : 2 Set apart to me every firstborn, the first male offspring of every womb among the Israelites, whether human or animal; it belongs to me.
• Exod 32:32 : 32 But now, if You will forgive their sin, please do so. But if not, then blot me out of the book You have written."
• Deut 21:17 : 17 Instead, he must acknowledge the firstborn, the son of the unloved wife, by giving him a double portion of all he has. That son is the firstfruits of his strength; the right of the firstborn belongs to him.
• Ps 50:5-6 : 5 Gather to me my faithful ones, those who have made a covenant with me by sacrifice. 6 The heavens declare His righteousness, for God Himself is judge. Selah.
• Ps 69:28 : 28 Add guilt to their guilt, and let them not enter into your righteousness.
• Ps 89:7 : 7 For who in the skies can be compared to the LORD? Who among the heavenly beings is like the LORD?
• Ps 89:27 : 27 He will call to me, 'You are my Father, my God, and the Rock of my salvation.'