Jeremiah 25:26

Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

And all the kings of the north, near and far, one after another—all the kingdoms on the face of the earth. And after them, the king of Sheshach will drink.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וְאֵ֣ת ׀ כָּל־מַלְכֵ֣י הַצָּפ֗וֹן הַקְּרֹבִ֤ים וְהָֽרְחֹקִים֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־אָחִ֔יו וְאֵת֙ כָּל־הַמַּמְלְכ֣וֹת הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הָאֲדָמָ֑ה וּמֶ֥לֶךְ שֵׁשַׁ֖ךְ יִשְׁתֶּ֥ה אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃

Transliteration

And ʾēt all-kings of the ṣāpôn the qərōbîm and the rəḥōqîm ʾîš to-his brother, and ʾēt all-the-mamlə̄ḵôt the ʾāreṣ which upon-pənê the ʾădāmâ. And king Šēšaḵ yišteh after them.

Grammar Details

• *ʾēt*: direct object marker
• *ṣāpôn*: masculine singular noun with definite article - north
• *qərōbîm*: adjective, masculine plural with definite article - near ones
• *rəḥōqîm*: adjective, masculine plural with definite article - far ones
• *ʾîš*: masculine singular noun - man/each
• *mamlə̄ḵôt*: feminine plural noun with definite article - kingdoms
• *ʾāreṣ*: feminine singular noun with definite article - earth/land
• *pənê*: masculine plural construct - face of
• *ʾădāmâ*: feminine singular noun with definite article - ground/land
• *Šēšaḵ*: proper noun - Sheshach (code name for Babylon)
• *yišteh*: Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will drink

Word Meanings

• *ṣāpôn*: north/northern [region]
• *qərōbîm*: near ones/those who are near
• *rəḥōqîm*: far ones/those who are far
• *ʾîš*: man/each/each one
• *mamlə̄ḵôt*: kingdoms/dominions
• *ʾāreṣ*: earth/land/ground
• *pənê*: face of/surface of
• *ʾădāmâ*: ground/land/earth
• *Šēšaḵ*: Sheshach (cryptogram for Babylon using atbash cipher)

Other Translations

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And all the kings of the north, far and near, one with another, and all the kingdoms of the world, which are upon the face of the earth: and the king of Sheshach shall drink after them.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And all the kings of the north, far and near, one with another, and all the kingdoms of the world which are upon the face of the earth; and the king of Sheshach shall drink after them.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And all the kings of the north, far and near, one with another, and all the kingdoms of the world, which are upon the face of the earth: and the king of Sheshach shall drink after them.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  and all the kings{H4428} of the north,{H6828} far{H7350} and near,{H7138} one{H376} with another;{H251} and all the kingdoms{H4467} of the world,{H776} which are upon the face{H6440} of the earth:{H127} and the king{H4428} of Sheshach{H8347} shall drink{H8354} after{H310} them.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And all the kings{H4428} of the north{H6828}, far{H7350} and near{H7138}, one{H376} with another{H251}, and all the kingdoms{H4467} of the world{H776}, which are upon the face{H6440} of the earth{H127}: and the king{H4428} of Sheshach{H8347} shall drink{H8354}{(H8799)} after{H310} them.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  all kinges towarde the north (whether they be farre or nye) euery one with his neghbours: Yee and all the kingdomes that are vpon the whole earth. The kinge of Sesach (sayde he) shal drinke with them also.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And all the Kings of the North, farre and neere one to another, and all the kingdomes of the worlde, which are vpon the earth, & the king of Sheshach shall drinke after them.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  All the kinges towarde the north, whether they be farre or nye, euery one against his neighbour, yea and all the kyngdomes that are vpon the whole earth: and the kyng of Sesach shall drinke also after them.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And all the kings of the north, far and near, one with another, and all the kingdoms of the world, which [are] upon the face of the earth: and the king of Sheshach shall drink after them.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  and all the kings of the north, far and near, one with another; and all the kingdoms of the world, which are on the surface of the earth: and the king of Sheshach shall drink after them.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And all the kings of the north, The near and the far off, one unto another, And all the kingdoms of the earth, That `are' on the face of the ground, And king Sheshach drinketh after them.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  and all the kings of the north, far and near, one with another; and all the kingdoms of the world, which are upon the face of the earth: and the king of Sheshach shall drink after them.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  and all the kings of the north, far and near, one with another; and all the kingdoms of the world, which are upon the face of the earth: and the king of Sheshach shall drink after them.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And all the kings of the north, far and near, one with another; and all the kingdoms of the world on the face of the earth.

• World English Bible (2000)

  and all the kings of the north, far and near, one with another; and all the kingdoms of the world, which are on the surface of the earth: and the king of Sheshach shall drink after them.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  all the kings of the north, whether near or far from one another; and all the other kingdoms which are on the face of the earth. After all of them have drunk the wine of the LORD’s wrath, the king of Babylon must drink it.

Referenced Verses

• Jer 51:41 : 41 'How Sheshach has been captured, the glory of the whole earth seized! How Babylon has become a horror among the nations!
• Jer 25:9 : 9 I am about to send for all the clans of the north,' declares the LORD, 'and for my servant Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, and I will bring them against this land, its inhabitants, and all the surrounding nations. I will completely destroy them, making them an object of horror, scorn, and perpetual ruins.
• Jer 25:12 : 12 'But when the seventy years are completed,' declares the LORD, 'I will punish the king of Babylon and that nation, the land of the Chaldeans, for their guilt, and I will make it desolate forever.'
• Jer 50:1-9 : 1 This is the word that the LORD spoke concerning Babylon, the land of the Chaldeans, through the prophet Jeremiah. 2 Declare among the nations and proclaim it; raise a banner and proclaim it! Do not hide it. Say, 'Babylon has been captured; Bel is put to shame, Marduk is dismayed. Her idols are disgraced, her images shattered.' 3 For a nation has come against her from the north; it will make her land desolate. No one will live there—neither man nor beast—all will flee and be gone. 4 In those days and at that time,' declares the LORD, 'the people of Israel and the people of Judah will come together, weeping as they go, seeking the LORD their God. 5 They will ask the way to Zion and turn their faces toward it. They will come and join themselves to the LORD in an everlasting covenant that will never be forgotten. 6 My people have been lost sheep. Their shepherds have led them astray, causing them to wander on the mountains. They have gone from mountain to hill and forgotten their resting place. 7 All who found them devoured them. Their enemies said, 'We are not guilty, for they sinned against the LORD, their true pasture and the hope of their ancestors—the LORD.' 8 Flee from Babylon, leave the land of the Chaldeans, and be like male goats leading the flock. 9 For behold, I am stirring up and bringing against Babylon a coalition of great nations from the north. They will line up for battle against her; from there she will be captured. Their arrows are like skilled warriors; they will not return empty-handed. 10 Chaldea will become plunder; all who plunder her will be satisfied,' declares the LORD. 11 'Because you rejoice and celebrate, you who plunder my inheritance; because you frolic like a threshing heifer and neigh like stallions,' 12 your mother will be greatly ashamed; she who bore you will be disgraced. Behold, she will become the least of the nations—a wilderness, a dry and arid land. 13 Because of the LORD's wrath, she will not be inhabited but will become completely desolate. Everyone who passes by Babylon will be appalled and will scoff at all her wounds. 14 Take your positions around Babylon, all you who draw the bow. Shoot at her! Spare no arrows, for she has sinned against the LORD. 15 Raise a shout against her on every side! She has surrendered; her towers have fallen, her walls are torn down. This is the vengeance of the LORD. Take vengeance on her; do to her as she has done to others. 16 Cut off the sower from Babylon, and the one who handles the sickle at harvest time. Because of the oppressing sword, let each one return to his own people, and let every one flee to his own land. 17 Israel is a scattered sheep chased by lions. The first to devour him was the king of Assyria; the last to gnaw at his bones was Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon. 18 Therefore this is what the LORD of Hosts, the God of Israel, says: 'I will punish the king of Babylon and his land just as I punished the king of Assyria.' 19 I will restore Israel to his pasture, and he will graze on Carmel and Bashan; his soul will be satisfied on the hills of Ephraim and Gilead. 20 In those days and at that time, declares the LORD, the guilt of Israel will be sought, but there will be none; and the sins of Judah, but none will be found, for I will forgive those I leave as a remnant. 21 Attack the land of Merathaim and those who live in Pekod! Pursue them, kill them completely, and devote them to destruction, declares the LORD. Do everything I have commanded you. 22 The sound of battle is in the land—a great destruction. 23 How the hammer of the whole earth has been cut down and broken! Babylon has become an object of horror among the nations. 24 I set a trap for you, Babylon, and you were caught before you knew it. You were found and captured because you challenged the LORD. 25 The LORD has opened His armory and brought out the weapons of His wrath, for the Sovereign LORD of Hosts has a task to accomplish in the land of the Chaldeans. 26 Come against her from the farthest borders; open her granaries. Heap her up like piles of grain and destroy her completely. Let nothing be left of her. 27 Slaughter all her young bulls; let them go down to the slaughter. Woe to them, for their day has come, the time of their punishment. 28 Listen to the voice of those fleeing and escaping from the land of Babylon, proclaiming in Zion the vengeance of the LORD our God, the vengeance for His temple. 29 Summon archers against Babylon, all who draw the bow. Encamp around her on every side, and let no one escape. Repay her according to her deeds; do to her as she has done. For she has defied the LORD, the Holy One of Israel. 30 Therefore, her young men will fall in her streets, and all her soldiers will perish on that day, declares the LORD. 31 Behold, I am against you, O arrogant one, declares the Sovereign LORD of Hosts, for your day has come, the time for Me to punish you. 32 The arrogant one will stumble and fall, and no one will help him up. I will set fire to his cities, and it will devour all around him. 33 This is what the LORD of Hosts says: The people of Israel and the people of Judah are oppressed together. All their captors hold them fast and refuse to let them go. 34 But their Redeemer is strong; the LORD of Hosts is His name. He will vigorously defend their cause to bring rest to the land but unrest to the inhabitants of Babylon. 35 A sword is against the Chaldeans, declares the LORD, against the inhabitants of Babylon, against her officials and wise men. 36 A sword is against her diviners, and they will act foolishly. A sword is against her warriors, and they will be shattered. 37 A sword is against her horses and her chariots, and against all the mixed multitude in her midst. They will become like women. A sword is against her treasures, and they will be plundered. 38 A drought is upon her waters; they will dry up. For it is a land of idols, and they go mad over terrifying images. 39 Therefore, desert creatures and hyenas will dwell there, and ostriches will inhabit it. It will never again be inhabited or settled from generation to generation. 40 As God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah along with their neighbors, declares the LORD, no one will live there, and no human being will dwell in it. 41 Behold, a people is coming from the north; a great nation and many kings are being stirred up from the farthest parts of the earth. 42 They hold bows and spears; they are cruel and show no mercy. Their roar is like the roaring sea, and they ride on horses, arrayed like men ready for battle against you, Daughter of Babylon. 43 The king of Babylon has heard the report about them, and his hands hang limp. Anguish grips him, pain like that of a woman in labor. 44 Behold, like a lion coming up from the thickets of the Jordan to a secure pasture, I will drive them away suddenly from it. I will appoint whoever is chosen for it. For who is like me? Who can summon me? And what shepherd can stand against me? 45 Therefore, hear the counsel of the LORD that He has purposed against Babylon and the plans He has devised against the land of the Chaldeans. Surely, the little ones of the flock will be dragged away; surely, their pasture will be appalled at their fate. 46 At the sound of Babylon’s capture, the earth will quake, and the outcry will be heard among the nations.
• Isa 13:1-9 : 1 The burden against Babylon which Isaiah, the son of Amoz, saw. 2 Lift up a banner on a bare hill; shout to them. Wave your hand so they may enter the gates of the nobles. 3 I have commanded My consecrated ones; I have also summoned My mighty ones, those who exult in My majesty, to carry out My anger. 4 Listen! A tumult on the mountains, like that of a great multitude. Listen! An uproar of kingdoms, of nations gathering together. The LORD of Hosts is mustering an army for battle. 5 They come from a distant land, from the ends of the heavens—the LORD and the weapons of His wrath—to destroy the whole earth. 6 Wail, for the day of the LORD is near; it will come like destruction from the Almighty. 7 Because of this, every hand will go limp and every human heart will melt with fear. 8 They will be terrified; pain and anguish will grip them. They will writhe like a woman in labor. They will look at each other in dismay, their faces aflame. 9 See, the day of the LORD is coming—a cruel day with wrath and fierce anger—to make the land desolate and to destroy the sinners within it. 10 The stars of heaven and their constellations will not give their light. The sun will be darkened as it rises, and the moon will not shine its light. 11 I will punish the world for its evil, the wicked for their sins. I will put an end to the arrogance of the proud and humble the pride of the ruthless. 12 I will make people scarcer than fine gold, and mankind rarer than the gold of Ophir. 13 Therefore I will make the heavens tremble, and the earth will shake from its place at the wrath of the LORD of Hosts, on the day of His fierce anger. 14 Like a hunted gazelle, like sheep without a shepherd, each will return to his own people, each will flee to his own land.
• Isa 47:1-9 : 1 Come down and sit in the dust, O virgin daughter of Babylon. Sit on the ground without a throne, O daughter of the Chaldeans, for you will no longer be called tender and delicate. 2 Take a millstone and grind flour; remove your veil, strip off your train, uncover your legs, and cross the rivers. 3 Your nakedness will be uncovered, your shame will be seen. I will take vengeance, and I will spare no one. 4 Our Redeemer—the LORD of Hosts is His name—the Holy One of Israel. 5 Sit silently and enter into darkness, O daughter of the Chaldeans, for you will no longer be called the mistress of kingdoms. 6 I was angry with My people, I profaned My heritage and gave them into your hand. You showed them no mercy; you made your yoke very heavy on the elderly. 7 You said, 'I will be a mistress forever,' but you did not take these things to heart or remember their outcome. 8 Now hear this, you pleasure-loving one, sitting securely, who says in her heart, 'I am, and there is no one besides me; I will not sit as a widow, or know the loss of children.' 9 But these two things will come upon you in a moment, in one day: loss of children and widowhood. They will come upon you in full measure, despite your many sorceries and the great power of your spells. 10 You felt secure in your wickedness and said, 'No one sees me.' Your wisdom and your knowledge have led you astray, and you said in your heart, 'I am, and there is no one besides me.' 11 But disaster will come upon you, and you will not know how to charm it away; calamity will fall upon you that you cannot ward off; and devastation will come upon you suddenly, without warning. 12 Persist then with your spells and your many sorceries, with which you have labored from your youth—perhaps you might succeed, perhaps you might cause terror. 13 You are wearied with your many counsels; let those who divide the heavens, those who gaze at the stars, those who announce the months, stand now and save you from what is coming upon you. 14 Behold, they are like stubble; fire consumes them. They cannot deliver themselves from the power of the flame. There will be no coal for warming oneself, nor fire to sit before. 15 This is how it will be for those with whom you have labored, those who have traded with you from your youth; each one wanders to his own way—there is no one to save you.
• Ezek 32:30 : 30 There lie the princes of the north, all of them, and all the Sidonians, who went down with the slain in their terror because of their might. They lie uncircumcised with those slain by the sword, bearing their shame with those who go down to the pit.
• Dan 5:1-9 : 1 King Belshazzar held a great feast for a thousand of his nobles and drank wine in their presence. 2 Under the influence of the wine, Belshazzar commanded that the gold and silver vessels his father Nebuchadnezzar had taken from the temple in Jerusalem be brought in, so that the king, his nobles, his wives, and his concubines could drink from them. 3 So the gold vessels taken from the temple of God in Jerusalem were brought in, and the king, his nobles, his wives, and his concubines drank from them. 4 They drank the wine and praised the gods of gold, silver, bronze, iron, wood, and stone. 5 At that very moment, the fingers of a human hand appeared and wrote on the plaster of the wall near the lampstand in the royal palace. The king watched the hand as it wrote. 6 Then the king’s face turned pale, and his thoughts terrified him. His hips became weak, and his knees knocked together. 7 The king called out loudly to bring in the enchanters, Chaldeans, and diviners. He declared to the wise men of Babylon, 'Whoever reads the writing and tells me its interpretation will be clothed in purple, have a gold chain placed around their neck, and be made the third highest ruler in the kingdom.' 8 Then all the king’s wise men came in, but they could not read the writing or tell the king what it meant. 9 So King Belshazzar became even more terrified, his face turned pale, and his nobles were baffled. 10 The queen, hearing the words of the king and his nobles, entered the banquet hall. She said, 'May the king live forever! Don’t let your thoughts terrify you, and don’t let your face be pale.' 11 There is a man in your kingdom who has the spirit of the holy gods in him. In the days of your father, he was found to have insight, intelligence, and wisdom like that of the gods. Your father, King Nebuchadnezzar, appointed him chief of the magicians, enchanters, Chaldeans, and diviners. 12 Because he was found to have an extraordinary spirit, knowledge, intelligence, and the ability to interpret dreams, explain riddles, and solve difficult problems, this Daniel, whom the king named Belteshazzar, can solve these mysteries. Now summon Daniel, and he will give the interpretation. 13 So Daniel was brought before the king, and the king said to him, 'Are you Daniel, one of the exiles from Judah, whom my father the king brought from Judah?' 14 I have heard about you, that the spirit of the gods is in you, and that you have enlightenment, insight, and extraordinary wisdom. 15 Now, the wise men and enchanters were brought before me to read this writing and make its interpretation known to me, but they could not explain the meaning. 16 But I have heard that you can give interpretations and solve problems. If you can read this writing and give me its interpretation, you will be clothed in purple, have a gold chain placed around your neck, and be made the third highest ruler in the kingdom. 17 Then Daniel answered the king, 'You may keep your gifts or give your rewards to someone else; nevertheless, I will read the writing for the king and tell him what it means.' 18 'O king, the Most High God gave your father Nebuchadnezzar sovereignty, greatness, glory, and splendor.' 19 Because of the greatness that He gave him, all peoples, nations, and languages trembled and feared before him. He killed whomever he wanted, spared whomever he wanted, exalted whomever he wanted, and humbled whomever he wanted. 20 But when his heart became arrogant and his spirit hardened with pride, he was deposed from his royal throne, and his glory was taken from him. 21 He was driven away from people, his mind became like that of an animal, and he lived among the wild donkeys. He ate grass like cattle, and his body was drenched with the dew of heaven until he acknowledged that the Most High God rules over the kingdom of men and sets over it whomever He wishes. 22 But you, his son Belshazzar, have not humbled your heart, even though you knew all this. 23 Instead, you have exalted yourself against the Lord of heaven. You had the vessels from His house brought to you, and you and your nobles, your wives, and your concubines drank wine from them. You praised gods of silver, gold, bronze, iron, wood, and stone, which cannot see, hear, or understand. But the God who holds your breath in His hand and controls all your ways, you have not glorified. 24 Therefore, He sent the hand that wrote this inscription. 25 And this is the writing that was inscribed: Mene, Mene, Tekel, and Parsin. 26 This is the interpretation of the message: Mene means that God has numbered the days of your kingdom and brought it to an end. 27 Tekel means that you have been weighed on the scales and found wanting. 28 Peres means that your kingdom has been divided and given to the Medes and Persians. 29 Then Belshazzar gave the command, and they clothed Daniel in purple, put a gold chain around his neck, and proclaimed him the third highest ruler in the kingdom. 30 That very night, Belshazzar, the Chaldean king, was killed.
• Hab 2:16 : 16 You are filled with shame instead of glory; drink, yes, you too, and be exposed! The cup from the LORD's right hand will come around to you, and disgrace will cover your glory.
• Rev 18:1-9 : 1 After these things, I saw another angel descending from heaven, having great authority, and the earth was illuminated by his glory. 2 He cried out with a mighty voice, saying, 'Fallen, fallen is Babylon the Great! She has become a dwelling place for demons, a prison for every unclean spirit, and a cage for every unclean and detested bird.' 3 For all the nations have drunk the wine of the passion of her sexual immorality, the kings of the earth committed immorality with her, and the merchants of the earth have grown rich from the abundance of her luxurious living. 4 Then I heard another voice from heaven saying, 'Come out of her, my people, so that you do not share in her sins and so that you do not receive any of her plagues.' 5 For her sins have piled up to heaven, and God has remembered her injustices. 6 Repay her as she herself has repaid others, and pay her back double according to her deeds; in the cup she has mixed, mix a double portion for her. 7 As much as she glorified herself and lived luxuriously, give her that much torment and grief, because in her heart she says, 'I sit as a queen, I am no widow, and I will never see grief.' 8 Because of this, her plagues will come in a single day: death, mourning, and famine. She will be consumed by fire, for the mighty Lord God is the one who judges her. 9 The kings of the earth who committed sexual immorality with her and lived in luxury will weep and mourn over her when they see the smoke of her burning. 10 Standing far off because of the fear of her torment, they will say, 'Woe, woe to the great city, Babylon, the mighty city! For in one hour your judgment has come.' 11 The merchants of the earth will weep and mourn for her, because no one buys their cargo anymore— 12 cargo of gold, silver, precious stones, pearls, fine linen, purple, silk, crimson, all kinds of scented wood, every article of ivory, every article made of the most costly wood, and of bronze, iron, and marble, 13 and cinnamon, spice, incense, ointment, frankincense, wine, olive oil, fine flour, wheat, cattle, sheep, horses, chariots, and human bodies and souls. 14 The fruit your soul longed for has departed from you. All your luxurious and splendid things are lost to you, never to be found again. 15 The merchants who became rich from her will stand far off, out of fear for her torment, weeping and mourning, 16 saying, 'Woe, woe to the great city, dressed in fine linen, purple, and crimson, adorned with gold, precious stones, and pearls!' 17 For in one hour such great wealth has been destroyed!' Every ship captain, all who travel by ship, sailors, and those who earn their living from the sea stood far off, 18 And they cried out as they watched the smoke of her burning, saying, 'What city is like the great city?' 19 And they threw dust on their heads and cried out, weeping and mourning, saying, 'Woe, woe to the great city, in which all who owned ships at sea became rich from her wealth! For in one hour she has been laid waste.' 20 Rejoice over her, O heaven, and you saints, apostles, and prophets, because God has pronounced your judgment against her! 21 Then a mighty angel picked up a stone like a great millstone and threw it into the sea, saying, 'Thus, with violence, Babylon the great city will be thrown down, and it will never be found again.' 22 The sound of harpists, musicians, flute players, and trumpeters will never be heard in you again. No craftsman of any trade will ever be found in you again. The sound of a millstone will never be heard in you again. 23 The light of a lamp will never shine in you again. The voice of a bridegroom and bride will never be heard in you again. For your merchants were the great ones of the earth, and all the nations were deceived by your sorcery. 24 And in her was found the blood of prophets and saints, and of all who have been slain on the earth.