Isa 2:1-9 : 1 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.2.1",
"source": "הַדָּבָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָזָ֔ה יְשַֽׁעְיָ֖הוּ בֶּן־אָמ֑וֹץ עַל־יְהוּדָ֖ה וִירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃",
"text": "The *dābār* which *ḥāzâ* *Yešaʿyāhû* *ben*-*ʾĀmôṣ* concerning-*Yehûdâ* and-*Yerûšālāim*.",
"grammar": {
"*dābār*": "definite noun, masculine singular - word/matter/thing",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*ḥāzâ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - saw/envisioned",
"*Yešaʿyāhû*": "proper noun - Isaiah",
"*ben*": "noun, masculine construct - son of",
"*ʾĀmôṣ*": "proper noun - Amoz",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - concerning/about/against",
"*Yehûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*Yerûšālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem"
},
"variants": {
"*dābār*": "word/speech/matter/thing/command",
"*ḥāzâ*": "saw/envisioned/prophetically perceived",
"*ʿal*": "concerning/about/against/upon"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.2.2",
"source": "וְהָיָ֣ה ׀ בְּאַחֲרִ֣ית הַיָּמִ֗ים נָכ֨וֹן יִֽהְיֶ֜ה הַ֤ר בֵּית־יְהוָה֙ בְּרֹ֣אשׁ הֶהָרִ֔ים וְנִשָּׂ֖א מִגְּבָע֑וֹת וְנָהֲר֥וּ אֵלָ֖יו כָּל־הַגּוֹיִֽם׃",
"text": "And-*hāyâ* in-*ʾaḥărît* the-*yāmîm*, *nākôn* *yihyê* *har* *bêt*-*YHWH* in-*rōʾš* the-*hārîm* and-*niśśāʾ* from-*gəbāʿôt*, and-*nāhărû* to-him all-the-*gôyîm*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-hāyâ*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it will be/come to pass",
"*bə-ʾaḥărît*": "preposition + noun, feminine construct - in the latter part/end of",
"*ha-yāmîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the days",
"*nākôn*": "verb, niphal participle, masculine singular - established/fixed/prepared",
"*yihyê*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will be",
"*har*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mountain of",
"*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh",
"*bə-rōʾš*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - at the head/top of",
"*he-hārîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the mountains",
"*wə-niśśāʾ*": "conjunction + verb, niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and lifted up/exalted",
"*mi-gəbāʿôt*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural - from/above hills",
"*wə-nāhărû*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and will flow/stream",
"*ʾēlāyw*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him/it",
"*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of",
"*ha-gôyîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the nations/gentiles"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾaḥărît ha-yāmîm*": "latter days/end of days/last days",
"*nākôn*": "established/fixed/prepared/steadfast",
"*rōʾš*": "head/top/summit/chief",
"*niśśāʾ*": "lifted up/exalted/elevated",
"*nāhărû*": "flow/stream/rush"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.2.3",
"source": "וְֽהָלְכ֞וּ עַמִּ֣ים רַבִּ֗ים וְאָמְרוּ֙ לְכ֣וּ ׀ וְנַעֲלֶ֣ה אֶל־הַר־יְהוָ֗ה אֶל־בֵּית֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יַעֲקֹ֔ב וְיֹרֵ֙נוּ֙ מִדְּרָכָ֔יו וְנֵלְכָ֖ה בְּאֹרְחֹתָ֑יו כִּ֤י מִצִיּוֹן֙ תֵּצֵ֣א תוֹרָ֔ה וּדְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה מִירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃",
"text": "And-*hālkû* *ʿammîm* *rabbîm* and-*ʾāmrû*, *lekû* and-*naʿălê* to-*har*-*YHWH*, to-*bêt* *ʾĕlōhê* *Yaʿăqōb*, and-*yōrēnû* from-*derākāyw*, and-*nēlkâ* in-*ʾōreḥōtāyw*, *kî* from-*Ṣiyyôn* *tēṣēʾ* *tôrâ* and-*debar*-*YHWH* from-*Yerûšālāim*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-hālkû*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will go/walk/come",
"*ʿammîm*": "noun, masculine plural - peoples/nations",
"*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - many/great",
"*wə-ʾāmrû*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will say",
"*lekû*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - go/come!",
"*wə-naʿălê*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect, 1st common plural cohortative - and let us go up",
"*ʾel-har*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - to the mountain of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh",
"*ʾel-bêt*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - to the house of",
"*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - God of",
"*Yaʿăqōb*": "proper noun - Jacob",
"*wə-yōrēnû*": "conjunction + verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 1st common plural suffix - and he will teach us",
"*mi-derākāyw*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - from his ways",
"*wə-nēlkâ*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect, 1st common plural cohortative - and let us walk",
"*bə-ʾōreḥōtāyw*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his paths",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*mi-Ṣiyyôn*": "preposition + proper noun - from Zion",
"*tēṣēʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - will go out/come forth",
"*tôrâ*": "noun, feminine singular - law/instruction/teaching",
"*û-debar*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and word/matter of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh",
"*mi-Yerûšālāim*": "preposition + proper noun - from Jerusalem"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿammîm*": "peoples/nations/tribes",
"*lekû*": "come!/go!/proceed!",
"*naʿălê*": "let us go up/ascend/climb",
"*yōrēnû*": "he will teach us/instruct us/direct us",
"*derākāyw*": "his ways/roads/paths/journeys",
"*ʾōreḥōtāyw*": "his paths/ways/tracks",
"*tôrâ*": "law/instruction/teaching/direction",
"*debar*": "word/speech/command/matter"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.2.4",
"source": "וְשָׁפַט֙ בֵּ֣ין הַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְהוֹכִ֖יחַ לְעַמִּ֣ים רַבִּ֑ים וְכִתְּת֨וּ חַרְבוֹתָ֜ם לְאִתִּ֗ים וַחֲנִיתֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙ לְמַזְמֵר֔וֹת לֹא־יִשָּׂ֨א ג֤וֹי אֶל־גּוֹי֙ חֶ֔רֶב וְלֹא־יִלְמְד֥וּ ע֖וֹד מִלְחָמָֽה׃ פ",
"text": "And-*šāpaṭ* between the-*gôyîm* and-*hôkîaḥ* to-*ʿammîm* *rabbîm*, and-*kittətû* *ḥarbôtām* to-*ʾittîm* and-*ḥănîtôtêhem* to-*mazmerôt*; not-*yiśśāʾ* *gôy* to-*gôy* *ḥereb* and-not-*yilmədû* again *milḥāmâ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-šāpaṭ*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he will judge",
"*bên ha-gôyîm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - between the nations",
"*wə-hôkîaḥ*": "conjunction + verb, hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he will decide/rebuke/arbitrate",
"*lə-ʿammîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - for/to peoples/nations",
"*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - many",
"*wə-kittətû*": "conjunction + verb, piel perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will beat/hammer",
"*ḥarbôtām*": "noun, feminine plural construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their swords",
"*lə-ʾittîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - into plowshares",
"*wa-ḥănîtôtêhem*": "conjunction + noun, feminine plural construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their spears",
"*lə-mazmerôt*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural - into pruning hooks",
"*lōʾ-yiśśāʾ*": "negative particle + verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will not lift up/carry/raise",
"*gôy*": "noun, masculine singular - nation",
"*ʾel-gôy*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - against nation",
"*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword",
"*wə-lōʾ-yilmədû*": "conjunction + negative particle + verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they will not learn",
"*ʿôd*": "adverb - again/still/yet",
"*milḥāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - war/battle"
},
"variants": {
"*šāpaṭ*": "judge/govern/vindicate/decide",
"*hôkîaḥ*": "decide/arbitrate/rebuke/correct/reprove",
"*kittətû*": "beat/hammer/crush",
"*ʾittîm*": "plowshares/mattocks/agricultural tools",
"*mazmerôt*": "pruning hooks/knives",
"*yiśśāʾ*": "lift/carry/raise/bear",
"*yilmədû*": "learn/study/train"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.2.5",
"source": "בֵּ֖ית יַעֲקֹ֑ב לְכ֥וּ וְנֵלְכָ֖ה בְּא֥וֹר יְהוָֽה׃",
"text": "*Bêt* *Yaʿăqōb*, *lekû* and-*nēlkâ* in-*ʾôr* *YHWH*.",
"grammar": {
"*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of",
"*Yaʿăqōb*": "proper noun - Jacob",
"*lekû*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - come/go",
"*wə-nēlkâ*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect, 1st common plural cohortative - and let us walk",
"*bə-ʾôr*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in the light of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh"
},
"variants": {
"*bêt Yaʿăqōb*": "house of Jacob/people of Israel",
"*lekû*": "come!/go!/proceed!",
"*nēlkâ*": "let us walk/go/proceed",
"*ʾôr*": "light/brightness/illumination"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.2.6",
"source": "כִּ֣י נָטַ֗שְׁתָּה עַמְּךָ֙ בֵּ֣ית יַעֲקֹ֔ב כִּ֤י מָלְאוּ֙ מִקֶּ֔דֶם וְעֹֽנְנִ֖ים כַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וּבְיַלְדֵ֥י נָכְרִ֖ים יַשְׂפִּֽיקוּ׃",
"text": "For *nāṭaštâ* *ʿamməkā* *bêt* *Yaʿăqōb*, for *mālʾû* from-*qedem* and-*ʿōnenîm* like-the-*Pəlištîm*, and-in-*yaldê* *nōkrîm* *yaśpîqû*.",
"grammar": {
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*nāṭaštâ*": "verb, qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have forsaken/abandoned",
"*ʿamməkā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your people",
"*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of",
"*Yaʿăqōb*": "proper noun - Jacob",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*mālʾû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they are full/filled",
"*mi-qedem*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from the east",
"*wə-ʿōnenîm*": "conjunction + verb, poel participle, masculine plural - and soothsayers/diviners",
"*ka-Pəlištîm*": "preposition + proper noun, masculine plural - like the Philistines",
"*û-bə-yaldê*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - and with the children of",
"*nōkrîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - foreigners/strangers",
"*yaśpîqû*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they strike hands/join/ally themselves"
},
"variants": {
"*nāṭaštâ*": "you have forsaken/abandoned/rejected/cast off",
"*mālʾû*": "they are full of/filled with",
"*qedem*": "east/ancient times/former things",
"*ʿōnenîm*": "soothsayers/diviners/fortune-tellers/those practicing magic",
"*yaldê nōkrîm*": "children of foreigners/foreign customs",
"*yaśpîqû*": "they strike hands with/join/ally themselves/abound in"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.2.7",
"source": "וַתִּמָּלֵ֤א אַרְצוֹ֙ כֶּ֣סֶף וְזָהָ֔ב וְאֵ֥ין קֵ֖צֶה לְאֹצְרֹתָ֑יו וַתִּמָּלֵ֤א אַרְצוֹ֙ סוּסִ֔ים וְאֵ֥ין קֵ֖צֶה לְמַרְכְּבֹתָֽיו׃",
"text": "And-*timmālēʾ* *ʾarṣô* *kesep* and-*zāhāb*, and-*ʾên* *qēṣê* to-*ʾōṣrōtāyw*; and-*timmālēʾ* *ʾarṣô* *sûsîm*, and-*ʾên* *qēṣê* to-*markəbōtāyw*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-timmālēʾ*": "conjunction + verb, niphal imperfect consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - and is filled",
"*ʾarṣô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his land",
"*kesep*": "noun, masculine singular - silver",
"*wə-zāhāb*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and gold",
"*wə-ʾên*": "conjunction + particle of negation - and there is no",
"*qēṣê*": "noun, masculine singular - end/limit",
"*lə-ʾōṣrōtāyw*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to his treasures",
"*wa-timmālēʾ*": "conjunction + verb, niphal imperfect consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - and is filled",
"*ʾarṣô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his land",
"*sûsîm*": "noun, masculine plural - horses",
"*wə-ʾên*": "conjunction + particle of negation - and there is no",
"*qēṣê*": "noun, masculine singular - end/limit",
"*lə-markəbōtāyw*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to his chariots"
},
"variants": {
"*timmālēʾ*": "is filled/became full of",
"*ʾarṣô*": "his land/country/territory",
"*ʾên qēṣê*": "no end/no limit/boundless/innumerable",
"*ʾōṣrōtāyw*": "his treasures/storehouses/hoards",
"*markəbōtāyw*": "his chariots/war vehicles"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.2.8",
"source": "וַתִּמָּלֵ֥א אַרְצ֖וֹ אֱלִילִ֑ים לְמַעֲשֵׂ֤ה יָדָיו֙ יִֽשְׁתַּחֲו֔וּ לַאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשׂ֖וּ אֶצְבְּעֹתָֽיו׃",
"text": "And-*timmālēʾ* *ʾarṣô* *ʾĕlîlîm*; to-*maʿăśê* *yādāyw* *yištaḥăwû*, to-that which *ʿāśû* *ʾeṣbəʿōtāyw*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-timmālēʾ*": "conjunction + verb, niphal imperfect consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - and is filled",
"*ʾarṣô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his land",
"*ʾĕlîlîm*": "noun, masculine plural - idols/worthless things",
"*lə-maʿăśê*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - to the work of",
"*yādāyw*": "noun, feminine dual construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hands",
"*yištaḥăwû*": "verb, hishtaphel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they bow down/worship",
"*la-ʾăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - to that which",
"*ʿāśû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd common plural - made/created",
"*ʾeṣbəʿōtāyw*": "noun, feminine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his fingers"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾĕlîlîm*": "idols/worthless things/nothings/vanities",
"*maʿăśê yādāyw*": "work of his hands/handiwork/human creation",
"*yištaḥăwû*": "they bow down/prostrate themselves/worship",
"*ʾeṣbəʿōtāyw*": "his fingers/what he has crafted"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.2.9",
"source": "וַיִּשַּׁ֥ח אָדָ֖ם וַיִּשְׁפַּל־אִ֑ישׁ וְאַל־תִּשָּׂ֖א לָהֶֽם׃",
"text": "And-*yiššaḥ* *ʾādām* and-*yišpal*-*ʾîš*, and-not-*tiśśāʾ* to-them.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yiššaḥ*": "conjunction + verb, niphal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and is bowed down",
"*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - mankind/humanity",
"*wa-yišpal*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and is humbled",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person",
"*wə-ʾal*": "conjunction + negative particle (prohibition) - and do not",
"*tiśśāʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular jussive - lift up/forgive",
"*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them"
},
"variants": {
"*yiššaḥ*": "is bowed down/brought low/humbled",
"*ʾādām*": "mankind/humanity/common people",
"*yišpal*": "is humbled/brought low/made low",
"*ʾîš*": "man/person/each one",
"*tiśśāʾ*": "lift up/forgive/pardon"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.2.10",
"source": "בּ֣וֹא בַצּ֔וּר וְהִטָּמֵ֖ן בֶּֽעָפָ֑ר מִפְּנֵי֙ פַּ֣חַד יְהוָ֔ה וּמֵהֲדַ֖ר גְּאֹנֽוֹ׃",
"text": "*Bôʾ* in-the-*ṣûr* and-*hiṭṭāmēn* in-the-*ʿāpār* from-*pənê* *paḥad* *YHWH* and-from-*hădar* *gəʾōnô*.",
"grammar": {
"*bôʾ*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine singular - enter/go",
"*ba-ṣṣûr*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - into the rock",
"*wə-hiṭṭāmēn*": "conjunction + verb, niphal imperative, masculine singular - and hide yourself",
"*be-ʿāpār*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the dust",
"*mi-pənê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - from before/because of",
"*paḥad*": "noun, masculine singular construct - fear/terror of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh",
"*û-mē-hădar*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - and from the splendor of",
"*gəʾōnô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his majesty/exaltation"
},
"variants": {
"*bôʾ*": "enter/go/come",
"*ṣûr*": "rock/cliff/boulder",
"*hiṭṭāmēn*": "hide yourself/conceal yourself",
"*ʿāpār*": "dust/soil/ground/earth",
"*pənê*": "face/presence/before",
"*paḥad*": "fear/terror/dread",
"*hădar*": "splendor/glory/majesty/honor",
"*gəʾōnô*": "his majesty/exaltation/pride"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.2.11",
"source": "עֵינֵ֞י גַּבְה֤וּת אָדָם֙ שָׁפֵ֔ל וְשַׁ֖ח ר֣וּם אֲנָשִׁ֑ים וְנִשְׂגַּ֧ב יְהוָ֛ה לְבַדּ֖וֹ בַּיּ֥וֹם הַהֽוּא׃ ס",
"text": "*ʿÊnê* *gabhût* *ʾādām* *šāpēl*, and-*šaḥ* *rûm* *ʾănāšîm*, and-*niśgab* *YHWH* to-*badô* in-the-*yôm* the-*hûʾ*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʿênê*": "noun, feminine dual construct - eyes of",
"*gabhût*": "noun, feminine singular construct - haughtiness/pride of",
"*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - mankind/humanity",
"*šāpēl*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - are humbled/brought low",
"*wə-šaḥ*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and is bowed down",
"*rûm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - haughtiness/pride of",
"*ʾănāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - men/people",
"*wə-niśgab*": "conjunction + verb, niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and is exalted",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh",
"*lə-badô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - alone/by himself",
"*ba-yôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the day",
"*ha-hûʾ*": "definite article + pronoun, masculine singular - that"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿênê gabhût*": "haughty eyes/proud looks",
"*šāpēl*": "humbled/brought low/abased",
"*šaḥ*": "bowed down/humbled/brought low",
"*rûm*": "haughtiness/pride/exaltation",
"*niśgab*": "exalted/lifted high/elevated",
"*badô*": "alone/by himself/only",
"*yôm ha-hûʾ*": "that day/the day/the appointed time"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.2.12",
"source": "כִּ֣י י֞וֹם לַיהוָ֧ה צְבָא֛וֹת עַ֥ל כָּל־גֵּאֶ֖ה וָרָ֑ם וְעַ֖ל כָּל־נִשָּׂ֥א וְשָׁפֵֽל׃",
"text": "For *yôm* belongs-to-*YHWH* *ṣəbāʾôt* against all-*gēʾê* and-*rām*, and-against all-*niśśāʾ* and-*šāpēl*.",
"grammar": {
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day",
"*la-YHWH*": "preposition + proper noun - belonging to/for the LORD",
"*ṣəbāʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural - hosts/armies",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - against/upon",
"*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of/every",
"*gēʾê*": "adjective, masculine singular - proud/arrogant",
"*wā-rām*": "conjunction + adjective, masculine singular - and lofty/high",
"*wə-ʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and against/upon",
"*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of/every",
"*niśśāʾ*": "verb, niphal participle, masculine singular - lifted up/exalted",
"*wə-šāpēl*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will be brought low"
},
"variants": {
"*yôm la-YHWH*": "day of the LORD/day belonging to YHWH",
"*ṣəbāʾôt*": "hosts/armies/multitudes",
"*gēʾê*": "proud/arrogant/haughty",
"*rām*": "lofty/high/exalted",
"*niśśāʾ*": "lifted up/exalted/elevated",
"*šāpēl*": "brought low/humbled/abased"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.2.13",
"source": "וְעַל֙ כָּל־אַרְזֵ֣י הַלְּבָנ֔וֹן הָרָמִ֖ים וְהַנִּשָּׂאִ֑ים וְעַ֖ל כָּל־אַלּוֹנֵ֥י הַבָּשָֽׁן׃",
"text": "And-against all-*ʾarzê* the-*Ləbānôn*, the-*rāmîm* and-the-*niśśāʾîm*, and-against all-*ʾallônê* the-*Bāšān*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and against/upon",
"*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of/every",
"*ʾarzê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - cedars of",
"*ha-Ləbānôn*": "definite article + proper noun - the Lebanon",
"*hā-rāmîm*": "definite article + adjective, masculine plural - the high/lofty",
"*wə-ha-niśśāʾîm*": "conjunction + definite article + verb, niphal participle, masculine plural - and the lifted up/exalted",
"*wə-ʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and against/upon",
"*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of/every",
"*ʾallônê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - oaks of",
"*ha-Bāšān*": "definite article + proper noun - the Bashan"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾarzê ha-Ləbānôn*": "cedars of Lebanon",
"*rāmîm*": "high/lofty/tall",
"*niśśāʾîm*": "lifted up/exalted/elevated",
"*ʾallônê ha-Bāšān*": "oaks of Bashan"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.2.14",
"source": "וְעַ֖ל כָּל־הֶהָרִ֣ים הָרָמִ֑ים וְעַ֖ל כָּל־הַגְּבָע֥וֹת הַנִּשָּׂאֽוֹת׃",
"text": "And-against all-the-*hārîm* the-*rāmîm*, and-against all-the-*gəbāʿôt* the-*niśśāʾôt*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and against/upon",
"*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of/every",
"*he-hārîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the mountains",
"*hā-rāmîm*": "definite article + adjective, masculine plural - the high/lofty",
"*wə-ʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and against/upon",
"*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of/every",
"*ha-gəbāʿôt*": "definite article + noun, feminine plural - the hills",
"*ha-niśśāʾôt*": "definite article + verb, niphal participle, feminine plural - the lifted up/exalted"
},
"variants": {
"*hārîm*": "mountains/high places",
"*rāmîm*": "high/lofty/tall",
"*gəbāʿôt*": "hills/heights",
"*niśśāʾôt*": "lifted up/elevated/exalted"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.2.15",
"source": "וְעַ֖ל כָּל־מִגְדָּ֣ל גָּבֹ֑הַ וְעַ֖ל כָּל־חוֹמָ֥ה בְצוּרָֽה׃",
"text": "And-against all-*migdāl* *gābōha*, and-against all-*ḥômâ* *bəṣûrâ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and against/upon",
"*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of/every",
"*migdāl*": "noun, masculine singular - tower",
"*gābōha*": "adjective, masculine singular - high/tall/lofty",
"*wə-ʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and against/upon",
"*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of/every",
"*ḥômâ*": "noun, feminine singular - wall",
"*bəṣûrâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - fortified/strong"
},
"variants": {
"*migdāl gābōha*": "high tower/lofty tower",
"*ḥômâ bəṣûrâ*": "fortified wall/strong wall/defensive barrier"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.2.16",
"source": "וְעַ֖ל כָּל־אֳנִיּ֣וֹת תַּרְשִׁ֑ישׁ וְעַ֖ל כָּל־שְׂכִיּ֥וֹת הַחֶמְדָּֽה׃",
"text": "And-against all-*ʾŏniyyôt* *Taršîš*, and-against all-*śəkiyyôt* the-*ḥemdâ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and against/upon",
"*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of/every",
"*ʾŏniyyôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - ships of",
"*Taršîš*": "proper noun - Tarshish",
"*wə-ʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and against/upon",
"*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of/every",
"*śəkiyyôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - ships/vessels/imagery of",
"*ha-ḥemdâ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the desire/delight"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾŏniyyôt Taršîš*": "ships of Tarshish/large seafaring vessels",
"*śəkiyyôt ha-ḥemdâ*": "pleasant/beautiful imagery/valuable vessels/luxury ships"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.2.17",
"source": "וְשַׁח֙ גַּבְה֣וּת הָאָדָ֔ם וְשָׁפֵ֖ל ר֣וּם אֲנָשִׁ֑ים וְנִשְׂגַּ֧ב יְהוָ֛ה לְבַדּ֖וֹ בַּיּ֥וֹם הַהֽוּא׃",
"text": "And-*šaḥ* *gabhût* the-*ʾādām*, and-*šāpēl* *rûm* *ʾănāšîm*, and-*niśgab* *YHWH* to-*badô* in-the-*yôm* the-*hûʾ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-šaḥ*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and is bowed down",
"*gabhût*": "noun, feminine singular construct - haughtiness/pride of",
"*hā-ʾādām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - mankind/humanity",
"*wə-šāpēl*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and is humbled",
"*rûm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - loftiness/pride of",
"*ʾănāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - men/people",
"*wə-niśgab*": "conjunction + verb, niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and is exalted",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh",
"*lə-badô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - alone/by himself",
"*ba-yôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the day",
"*ha-hûʾ*": "definite article + pronoun, masculine singular - that"
},
"variants": {
"*šaḥ*": "bowed down/humbled/brought low",
"*gabhût*": "haughtiness/pride/arrogance",
"*šāpēl*": "humbled/brought low/abased",
"*rûm*": "loftiness/pride/exaltation",
"*niśgab*": "exalted/lifted high/elevated",
"*badô*": "alone/by himself/only",
"*yôm ha-hûʾ*": "that day/the day/the appointed time"
}
}
18 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.2.18",
"source": "וְהָאֱלִילִ֖ים כָּלִ֥יל יַחֲלֹֽף׃",
"text": "And-the-*ʾĕlîlîm* *kālîl* *yaḥălōp*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-hā-ʾĕlîlîm*": "conjunction + definite article + noun, masculine plural - and the idols",
"*kālîl*": "adverb - completely/entirely/altogether",
"*yaḥălōp*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will pass away/vanish"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾĕlîlîm*": "idols/worthless things/nothings/nonentities",
"*kālîl*": "completely/utterly/altogether",
"*yaḥălōp*": "will pass away/vanish/disappear/perish"
}
}
19 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.2.19",
"source": "וּבָ֙אוּ֙ בִּמְעָר֣וֹת צֻרִ֔ים וּבִמְחִלּ֖וֹת עָפָ֑ר מִפְּנֵ֞י פַּ֤חַד יְהוָה֙ וּמֵהֲדַ֣ר גְּאוֹנ֔וֹ בְּקוּמ֖וֹ לַעֲרֹ֥ץ הָאָֽרֶץ׃",
"text": "And-*bāʾû* into-*məʿārôt* *ṣurîm* and-into-*məḥillôt* *ʿāpār* from-*pənê* *paḥad* *YHWH* and-from-*hădar* *gəʾônô* in-*qûmô* to-*laʿărōṣ* the-*ʾāreṣ*.",
"grammar": {
"*û-bāʾû*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will enter",
"*bi-məʿārôt*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural construct - into caves of",
"*ṣurîm*": "noun, masculine plural - rocks",
"*û-bi-məḥillôt*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine plural construct - and into holes of",
"*ʿāpār*": "noun, masculine singular - dust/ground",
"*mi-pənê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - from before/because of",
"*paḥad*": "noun, masculine singular construct - fear/terror of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh",
"*û-mē-hădar*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - and from the splendor of",
"*gəʾônô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his majesty",
"*bə-qûmô*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - when he rises",
"*la-ʿărōṣ*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - to terrify",
"*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the earth/land"
},
"variants": {
"*bāʾû*": "they will enter/come into/go",
"*məʿārôt*": "caves/grottos/holes",
"*məḥillôt*": "holes/burrows/crevices",
"*ʿāpār*": "dust/soil/ground/earth",
"*pənê*": "face/presence/before",
"*paḥad*": "fear/terror/dread",
"*hădar*": "splendor/glory/majesty",
"*gəʾônô*": "his majesty/pride/exaltation",
"*qûmô*": "when he rises/stands up/arises",
"*laʿărōṣ*": "to terrify/cause to tremble/frighten",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground"
}
}
20 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.2.20",
"source": "בַּיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ יַשְׁלִ֣יךְ הָאָדָ֔ם אֵ֚ת אֱלִילֵ֣י כַסְפּ֔וֹ וְאֵ֖ת אֱלִילֵ֣י זְהָב֑וֹ אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָֽשׂוּ־לוֹ֙ לְהִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֺ֔ת לַחְפֹּ֥ר פֵּר֖וֹת וְלָעֲטַלֵּפִֽים׃",
"text": "In-the-*yôm* the-*hûʾ* *yašlîk* the-*ʾādām* *ʾēt* *ʾĕlîlê* *kaspô* and-*ʾēt* *ʾĕlîlê* *zəhābô* which *ʿāśû*-for-him to-*ləhištaḥăwōt*, to-the-*ḥăpōr* *pērôt* and-to-the-*ʿăṭallēpîm*.",
"grammar": {
"*ba-yôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the day",
"*ha-hûʾ*": "definite article + pronoun, masculine singular - that",
"*yašlîk*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will throw/cast away",
"*hā-ʾādām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - mankind/humanity",
"*ʾēt*": "direct object marker",
"*ʾĕlîlê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - idols of",
"*kaspô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his silver",
"*wə-ʾēt*": "conjunction + direct object marker",
"*ʾĕlîlê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - idols of",
"*zəhābô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his gold",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which",
"*ʿāśû-lô*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd common plural + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - they made for him",
"*lə-hištaḥăwōt*": "preposition + verb, hishtaphel infinitive construct - to worship/bow down",
"*la-ḥăpōr*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - to the mole",
"*pērôt*": "noun, feminine plural - rats",
"*wə-lā-ʿăṭallēpîm*": "conjunction + preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - and to the bats"
},
"variants": {
"*yašlîk*": "will throw/cast away/discard",
"*ʾĕlîlê*": "idols/worthless things/nothings",
"*ləhištaḥăwōt*": "to worship/bow down/prostrate oneself",
"*ḥăpōr pērôt*": "moles/burrowing animals/rodents",
"*ʿăṭallēpîm*": "bats/flying creatures"
}
}
21 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.2.21",
"source": "לָבוֹא֙ בְּנִקְר֣וֹת הַצֻּרִ֔ים וּבִסְעִפֵ֖י הַסְּלָעִ֑ים מִפְּנֵ֞י פַּ֤חַד יְהוָה֙ וּמֵהֲדַ֣ר גְּאוֹנ֔וֹ בְּקוּמ֖וֹ לַעֲרֹ֥ץ הָאָֽרֶץ׃",
"text": "To-*lābôʾ* into-*niqrôt* the-*ṣurîm* and-into-*səʿîpê* the-*səlāʿîm* from-*pənê* *paḥad* *YHWH* and-from-*hădar* *gəʾônô* in-*qûmô* to-*laʿărōṣ* the-*ʾāreṣ*.",
"grammar": {
"*lā-bôʾ*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - to enter/go",
"*bə-niqrôt*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural construct - into crevices of",
"*ha-ṣṣurîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the rocks",
"*û-bi-səʿîpê*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - and into clefts of",
"*ha-səlāʿîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the crags/cliffs",
"*mi-pənê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - from before/because of",
"*paḥad*": "noun, masculine singular construct - fear/terror of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh",
"*û-mē-hădar*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - and from the splendor of",
"*gəʾônô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his majesty",
"*bə-qûmô*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - when he rises",
"*la-ʿărōṣ*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - to terrify",
"*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the earth/land"
},
"variants": {
"*lābôʾ*": "to enter/come into/go",
"*niqrôt*": "crevices/clefts/cracks",
"*ṣurîm*": "rocks/crags/boulders",
"*səʿîpê*": "clefts/fissures/splits",
"*səlāʿîm*": "crags/cliffs/rocks",
"*pənê*": "face/presence/before",
"*paḥad*": "fear/terror/dread",
"*hădar*": "splendor/glory/majesty",
"*gəʾônô*": "his majesty/pride/exaltation",
"*qûmô*": "when he rises/stands up/arises",
"*laʿărōṣ*": "to terrify/cause to tremble/frighten",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground"
}
}
22 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.2.22",
"source": "חִדְל֤וּ לָכֶם֙ מִן־הָ֣אָדָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר נְשָׁמָ֖ה בְּאַפּ֑וֹ כִּֽי־בַמֶּ֥ה נֶחְשָׁ֖ב הֽוּא׃ פ",
"text": "*Ḥidlû* to-you from-the-*ʾādām* who *nəšāmâ* in-*ʾappô*, for-in-what *neḥšāb* he?",
"grammar": {
"*ḥidlû*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - cease/stop/refrain",
"*lākem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to/for you",
"*min-hā-ʾādām*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - from mankind/humanity",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/which",
"*nəšāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - breath",
"*bə-ʾappô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his nostrils",
"*kî-ba-mmê*": "conjunction + preposition + interrogative pronoun - for in what",
"*neḥšāb*": "verb, niphal participle, masculine singular - is accounted/valued",
"*hûʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine singular - he"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥidlû*": "cease/stop/refrain/desist",
"*ʾādām*": "mankind/humanity/man",
"*nəšāmâ*": "breath/life/spirit",
"*ʾappô*": "his nostrils/nose/face",
"*neḥšāb*": "is accounted/valued/regarded/esteemed",
"*ba-mmê neḥšāb hûʾ*": "of what account is he/how is he to be valued"
}
}