Amos 2:7

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Amos.2.7", "source": "הַשֹּׁאֲפִ֤ים עַל־עֲפַר־אֶ֙רֶץ֙ בְּרֹ֣אשׁ דַּלִּ֔ים וְדֶ֥רֶךְ עֲנָוִ֖ים יַטּ֑וּ וְאִ֣ישׁ וְאָבִ֗יו יֵֽלְכוּ֙ אֶל־הַֽנַּעֲרָ֔ה לְמַ֥עַן חַלֵּ֖ל אֶת־שֵׁ֥ם קָדְשִֽׁי׃", "text": "*haššōʾăpîm ʿal-ʿăpar-ʾereṣ bərōʾš dallîm wə-derek ʿănāwîm yaṭṭû wə-ʾîš wə-ʾābîw yēlkû ʾel-hannaʿărāh ləmaʿan ḥallēl ʾet-šēm qodšî*", "grammar": { "*haššōʾăpîm*": "definite article + qal participle masculine plural - the ones panting after/trampling upon", "*ʿal-ʿăpar-ʾereṣ*": "preposition + masculine construct + feminine singular - upon dust of earth", "*bərōʾš*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - on head of", "*dallîm*": "masculine plural adjective - poor/weak ones", "*wə-derek*": "conjunction + masculine singular construct - and way/path of", "*ʿănāwîm*": "masculine plural adjective - humble/afflicted ones", "*yaṭṭû*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they turn aside/pervert", "*wə-ʾîš*": "conjunction + masculine singular - and a man", "*wə-ʾābîw*": "conjunction + masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his father", "*yēlkû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they go/walk", "*ʾel-hannaʿărāh*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular - to the young woman/girl", "*ləmaʿan*": "conjunction - in order to", "*ḥallēl*": "piel infinitive construct - profane/defile", "*ʾet-šēm*": "direct object marker + masculine singular construct - the name of", "*qodšî*": "masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - my holiness" }, "variants": { "*šōʾăpîm*": "those who pant after/those who trample upon/those who crush", "*ʿăpar-ʾereṣ*": "dust of earth/soil/ground", "*dallîm*": "poor/weak/lowly/helpless", "*derek*": "way/path/conduct", "*ʿănāwîm*": "humble/afflicted/oppressed/meek", "*yaṭṭû*": "they turn aside/they pervert/they distort", "*hannaʿărāh*": "the young woman/the girl/the maiden", "*ləmaʿan*": "in order to/so that/for the purpose of", "*ḥallēl*": "to profane/to defile/to pollute", "*šēm qodšî*": "my holy name/name of my holiness" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

הַשֹּׁאֲפִ֤ים עַל־עֲפַר־אֶ֙רֶץ֙ בְּרֹ֣אשׁ דַּלִּ֔ים וְדֶ֥רֶךְ עֲנָוִ֖ים יַטּ֑וּ וְאִ֣ישׁ וְאָבִ֗יו יֵֽלְכוּ֙ אֶל־הַֽנַּעֲרָ֔ה לְמַ֥עַן חַלֵּ֖ל אֶת־שֵׁ֥ם קָדְשִֽׁי׃

Transliteration

haššōʾăpîm ʿal-ʿăpar-ʾereṣ bərōʾš dallîm wə-derek ʿănāwîm yaṭṭû wə-ʾîš wə-ʾābîw yēlkû ʾel-hannaʿărāh ləmaʿan ḥallēl ʾet-šēm qodšî

Grammar Details

• *haššōʾăpîm*: definite article + qal participle masculine plural - the ones panting after/trampling upon
• *ʿal-ʿăpar-ʾereṣ*: preposition + masculine construct + feminine singular - upon dust of earth
• *bərōʾš*: preposition + masculine singular construct - on head of
• *dallîm*: masculine plural adjective - poor/weak ones
• *wə-derek*: conjunction + masculine singular construct - and way/path of
• *ʿănāwîm*: masculine plural adjective - humble/afflicted ones
• *yaṭṭû*: hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they turn aside/pervert
• *wə-ʾîš*: conjunction + masculine singular - and a man
• *wə-ʾābîw*: conjunction + masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his father
• *yēlkû*: qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they go/walk
• *ʾel-hannaʿărāh*: preposition + definite article + feminine singular - to the young woman/girl
• *ləmaʿan*: conjunction - in order to
• *ḥallēl*: piel infinitive construct - profane/defile
• *ʾet-šēm*: direct object marker + masculine singular construct - the name of
• *qodšî*: masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - my holiness

Word Meanings

• *šōʾăpîm*: those who pant after/those who trample upon/those who crush
• *ʿăpar-ʾereṣ*: dust of earth/soil/ground
• *dallîm*: poor/weak/lowly/helpless
• *derek*: way/path/conduct
• *ʿănāwîm*: humble/afflicted/oppressed/meek
• *yaṭṭû*: they turn aside/they pervert/they distort
• *hannaʿărāh*: the young woman/the girl/the maiden
• *ləmaʿan*: in order to/so that/for the purpose of
• *ḥallēl*: to profane/to defile/to pollute
• *šēm qodšî*: my holy name/name of my holiness

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  'They trample on the dust of the earth on the heads of the poor and obstruct the way of the afflicted. A man and his father go to the same girl, so that they profane My holy name.'

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  That pant after the dust of the earth on the head of the poor, and turn aside the way of the meek: and a man and his father will go in unto the se maid, to profane my holy ne:

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  They pant after the dust of the earth on the head of the poor, and turn aside the way of the meek: and a man and his father go in to the same maid, to profane My holy name:

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  That pant after the dust of the earth on the head of the poor, and turn aside the way of the meek: and a man and his father will go in unto the same maid, to profane my holy name:

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  they that pant{H7602} after the dust{H6083} of the earth{H776} on the head{H7218} of the poor,{H1800} and turn aside{H5186} the way{H1870} of the meek:{H6035} and a man{H376} and his father{H1} go{H3212} unto the [same] maiden,{H5291} to profane{H2490} my holy{H6944} name:{H8034}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  That pant{H7602}{(H8802)} after the dust{H6083} of the earth{H776} on the head{H7218} of the poor{H1800}, and turn aside{H5186}{(H8686)} the way{H1870} of the meek{H6035}: and a man{H376} and his father{H1} will go{H3212}{(H8799)} in unto the same maid{H5291}, to profane{H2490}{(H8763)} my holy{H6944} name{H8034}:

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  They treade vpon poore mens heades in the dust of the earth, & croke the wayes off the meke. The sonne and the father go to the harlot, to dishonoure my holy name:

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  They gape ouer the head of the poore, in the dust of the earth, and peruert the wayes of the meeke: and a man and his father will goe in to a mayde to dishonour mine holy Name.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  They gape for breath ouer the head of the poore in the dust of the earth, & peruert the way of the meke: A man and his father will go in to one mayde, to dishonour my holy name.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  That pant after the dust of the earth on the head of the poor, and turn aside the way of the meek: and a man and his father will go in unto the [same] maid, to profane my holy name:

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  They trample on the dust of the earth on the head of the poor, And deny justice to the oppressed; And a man and his father use the same maiden, to profane my holy name;

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  Who are panting for the dust of the earth on the head of the poor, And the way of the humble they turn aside, And a man and his father go unto the damsel, So as to pollute My holy name.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  they that pant after the dust of the earth on the head of the poor, and turn aside the way of the meek: and a man and his father go unto the `same' maiden, to profane my holy name:

• American Standard Version (1901)

  they that pant after the dust of the earth on the head of the poor, and turn aside the way of the meek: and a man and his father go unto the [same] maiden, to profane my holy name:

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Crushing the head of the poor, and turning the steps of the gentle out of the way: and a man and his father go in to the same young woman, putting shame on my holy name:

• World English Bible (2000)

  They trample on the dust of the earth on the head of the poor, and deny justice to the oppressed; and a man and his father use the same maiden, to profane my holy name;

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  They trample on the dirt-covered heads of the poor; they push the destitute away. A man and his father go to the same girl; in this way they show disrespect for my moral purity.

Referenced Verses

• Amos 5:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Amos.5.12", "source": "כִּ֤י יָדַ֙עְתִּי֙ רַבִּ֣ים פִּשְׁעֵיכֶ֔ם וַעֲצֻמִ֖ים חַטֹּֽאתֵיכֶ֑ם צֹרְרֵ֤י צַדִּיק֙ לֹ֣קְחֵי כֹ֔פֶר וְאֶבְיוֹנִ֖ים בַּשַּׁ֥עַר הִטּֽוּ׃", "text": "For *yādaʿtî* many *pishʿêkhem* and-mighty *ḥaṭṭōʾtêkhem*; *ṣōrərê* *ṣaddîq* *lōqḥê* *khōpher* and-*ʾebyônîm* *ba-shaʿar* *hiṭṭû*", "grammar": { "*yādaʿtî*": "perfect, qal, 1st common singular - I know", "*pishʿêkhem*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your transgressions", "*ḥaṭṭōʾtêkhem*": "noun, feminine plural + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your sins", "*ṣōrərê*": "participle, qal, masculine plural construct - ones harassing/oppressing of", "*ṣaddîq*": "adjective used as noun, masculine singular - righteous person", "*lōqḥê*": "participle, qal, masculine plural construct - ones taking of", "*khōpher*": "noun, masculine singular - bribe/ransom", "*ʾebyônîm*": "adjective used as noun, masculine plural - needy ones", "*ba-shaʿar*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the gate", "*hiṭṭû*": "perfect, hiphil, 3rd common plural - they turn aside/pervert" }, "variants": { "*pishʿêkhem*": "your transgressions/rebellions/crimes", "*ḥaṭṭōʾtêkhem*": "your sins/offenses", "*ṣōrərê*": "ones harassing/oppressing/treating as enemy", "*ṣaddîq*": "righteous one/just person", "*khōpher*": "bribe/ransom/payment", "*ʾebyônîm*": "needy ones/poor people", "*hiṭṭû*": "turn aside/pervert/divert" } }
• 1 Cor 5:1 : 1 { "verseID": "1 Corinthians.5.1", "source": "¶Ὅλως ἀκούεται ἐν ὑμῖν πορνεία, καὶ τοιαύτη πορνεία ἥτις οὐδὲ ἐν τοῖς Ἔθνεσιν ὀνομάζεται, ὥστε γυναῖκά τινα τοῦ πατρὸς ἔχειν.", "text": "*Holōs akouetai* in you *porneia*, and such *porneia* which not even in the *Ethnesin onomazetai*, so as *gynaika tina* of the father to have.", "grammar": { "*Holōs*": "adverb - completely/entirely/actually", "*akouetai*": "present passive, 3rd singular - is heard/reported", "*porneia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - sexual immorality", "*Ethnesin*": "dative, neuter, plural - nations/Gentiles", "*onomazetai*": "present passive, 3rd singular - is named/mentioned", "*gynaika*": "accusative, feminine, singular - woman/wife", "*tina*": "accusative, feminine, singular - a certain/some", "*echein*": "present active infinitive - to have/possess" }, "variants": { "*Holōs*": "actually/generally/commonly", "*porneia*": "sexual immorality/fornication/prostitution", "*Ethnesin*": "Gentiles/nations/pagans", "*gynaika tina tou patros*": "father's wife/stepmother" } }
• Mic 2:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Micah.2.2", "source": "וְחָמְדוּ שָׂדוֹת וְגָזָלוּ וּבָתִּים וְנָשָׂאוּ וְעָשְׁקוּ גֶּבֶר וּבֵיתוֹ וְאִישׁ וְנַחֲלָתוֹ", "text": "*wəḥāməḏû* *śāḏôṯ* *wəḡāzālû* *ûḇāttîm* *wənāśāʾû* *wəʿāšəqû* *geḇer* *ûḇêṯô* *wəʾîš* *wənaḥălāṯô*", "grammar": { "*wəḥāməḏû*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd plural - and they covet/desire", "*śāḏôṯ*": "noun, masculine plural - fields", "*wəḡāzālû*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd plural - and they seize/rob", "*ûḇāttîm*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural - and houses", "*wənāśāʾû*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd plural - and they take away", "*wəʿāšəqû*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd plural - and they oppress", "*geḇer*": "noun, masculine singular - man/strong man", "*ûḇêṯô*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his house", "*wəʾîš*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and a man", "*wənaḥălāṯô*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his inheritance" }, "variants": { "*ḥāməḏû*": "covet/desire/take pleasure in", "*śāḏôṯ*": "fields/lands/territory", "*gāzālû*": "seize/rob/take by force", "*nāśāʾû*": "take away/carry off/lift up", "*ʿāšəqû*": "oppress/extort/exploit", "*geḇer*": "man/strong man/warrior", "*naḥălāṯô*": "his inheritance/possession/property" } }
• Mic 2:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Micah.2.9", "source": "נְשֵׁי עַמִּי תְּגָרְשׁוּן מִבֵּית תַּעֲנֻגֶיהָ מֵעַל עֹלָלֶיהָ תִּקְחוּ הֲדָרִי לְעוֹלָם", "text": "*nəšê* *ʿammî* *təḡārəšûn* from-*bêṯ* *taʿănuḡehā* from-upon *ʿōlālehā* *tiqḥû* *hăḏārî* to-*ʿôlām*", "grammar": { "*nəšê*": "noun, feminine plural construct - women of", "*ʿammî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - my people", "*təḡārəšûn*": "verb, piel imperfect, 2nd masculine plural + paragogic nun - you drive out/expel", "*bêṯ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*taʿănuḡehā*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her delights/luxuries", "*ʿōlālehā*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her children/infants", "*tiqḥû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you take", "*hăḏārî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - my splendor/majesty", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular - forever/eternity" }, "variants": { "*nəšê*": "women/wives", "*təḡārəšûn*": "you drive out/expel/cast out", "*taʿănuḡehā*": "her delights/luxuries/pleasant things", "*ʿōlālehā*": "her children/infants/little ones", "*tiqḥû*": "you take/receive/fetch", "*hăḏārî*": "my splendor/majesty/honor/glory", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/eternity/long duration" } }
• Isa 10:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.10.2", "source": "לְהַטּוֹת מִדִּין דַּלִּים וְלִגְזֹל מִשְׁפַּט עֲנִיֵּי עַמִּי לִהְיוֹת אַלְמָנוֹת שְׁלָלָם וְאֶת־יְתוֹמִים יָבֹזּוּ", "text": "*lehaṭṭôt* *middîn* *dallîm* *weligzōl* *mišpaṭ* *ʿăniyyê* *ʿammî* *lihyôt* *ʾalmānôt* *šelālām* *weʾet*-*yetômîm* *yābōzzû*", "grammar": { "*lehaṭṭôt*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to turn aside/pervert", "*middîn*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from judgment", "*dallîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - poor/needy/weak", "*weligzōl*": "waw conjunction + preposition + qal infinitive construct - and to rob/take away", "*mišpaṭ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - judgment/justice of", "*ʿăniyyê*": "adjective, masculine plural construct - poor/afflicted of", "*ʿammî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*lihyôt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to be/become", "*ʾalmānôt*": "noun, feminine plural - widows", "*šelālām*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their plunder/spoil", "*weʾet*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker", "*yetômîm*": "noun, masculine plural - orphans/fatherless", "*yābōzzû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they plunder/spoil" }, "variants": { "*middîn*": "from judgment/legal claim/case", "*dallîm*": "poor/weak/needy/helpless", "*ʿăniyyê*": "poor/afflicted/humble/oppressed", "*šelālām*": "their plunder/prey/spoil" } }
• Ezek 22:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.22.11", "source": "וְאִ֣ישׁ ׀ אֶת־אֵ֣שֶׁת רֵעֵ֗הוּ עָשָׂה֙ תּֽוֹעֵבָ֔ה וְאִ֥ישׁ אֶת־כַּלָּת֖וֹ טִמֵּ֣א בְזִמָּ֑ה וְאִ֛ישׁ אֶת־אֲחֹת֥וֹ בַת־אָבִ֖יו עִנָּה־בָֽךְ׃", "text": "And *ʾîš* *ʾeṯ*-*ʾēšeṯ* *rēʿēhû* *ʿāśāh* *tôʿēḇāh*, and *ʾîš* *ʾeṯ*-his *kallāṯô* *ṭimmēʾ* in *zimmāh*, and *ʾîš* *ʾeṯ*-his *ʾăḥōṯô* *ḇaṯ*-his *ʾāḇîw* *ʿinnāh*-in you", "grammar": { "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - 'man/each'", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ʾēšeṯ*": "construct feminine singular noun - 'wife of'", "*rēʿēhû*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his neighbor'", "*ʿāśāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'he did/committed'", "*tôʿēḇāh*": "feminine singular noun - 'abomination'", "*kallāṯô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his daughter-in-law'", "*ṭimmēʾ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'he defiled'", "*zimmāh*": "feminine singular noun - 'lewdness'", "*ʾăḥōṯô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his sister'", "*ḇaṯ*": "construct feminine singular noun - 'daughter of'", "*ʾāḇîw*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his father'", "*ʿinnāh*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'he humbled/violated'" }, "variants": { "*ʾîš*": "man/each one/some men", "*tôʿēḇāh*": "abomination/detestable act/abhorrent thing", "*ṭimmēʾ*": "defiled/made unclean", "*zimmāh*": "lewdness/depravity/wickedness", "*ʿinnāh*": "humbled/violated/raped/afflicted" } }
• Ezek 36:20 : 20 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.36.20", "source": "וַיָּב֗וֹא אֶל־הַגּוֹיִם֙ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֣אוּ שָׁ֔ם וַֽיְחַלְּל֖וּ אֶת־שֵׁ֣ם קָדְשִׁ֑י בֶּאֱמֹ֤ר לָהֶם֙ עַם־יְהוָ֣ה אֵ֔לֶּה וּמֵאַרְצ֖וֹ יָצָֽאוּ׃", "text": "And-*yābôʾ* to-the-*gôyim* which-*bāʾû* there and-*yәḥallәlû* *šēm* *qodšî* in-*ʾĕmōr* to-them *ʿam*-*YHWH* these and-from-*ʾarṣô* *yāṣāʾû*", "grammar": { "*yābôʾ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he came/entered", "*gôyim*": "masculine plural - nations/gentiles", "*bāʾû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they came/entered", "*yәḥallәlû*": "Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they profaned", "*šēm*": "masculine singular construct - name of", "*qodšî*": "masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my holiness", "*ʾĕmōr*": "Qal infinitive construct - to say/saying", "*ʿam*": "masculine singular construct - people of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾarṣô*": "feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his land", "*yāṣāʾû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they went out/left" }, "variants": { "*yābôʾ*": "he came/he entered/they came (collective singular)", "*gôyim*": "nations/gentiles/peoples", "*bāʾû*": "they came/they entered/they arrived", "*yәḥallәlû*": "they profaned/they defiled/they polluted", "*šēm qodšî*": "my holy name/the name of my holiness", "*ʾĕmōr*": "saying/when it was said", "*ʿam-YHWH*": "people of YHWH/the LORD's people", "*ʾarṣô*": "his land/his country", "*yāṣāʾû*": "they went out/they left/they departed" } }
• Amos 4:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Amos.4.1", "source": "שִׁמְע֞וּ הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֗ה פָּר֤וֹת הַבָּשָׁן֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ בְּהַ֣ר שֹֽׁמְר֔וֹן הָעֹשְׁק֣וֹת דַּלִּ֔ים הָרֹצְצ֖וֹת אֶבְיוֹנִ֑ים הָאֹמְרֹ֥ת לַאֲדֹֽנֵיהֶ֖ם הָבִ֥יאָה וְנִשְׁתֶּֽה׃", "text": "*Shimʿû* the *dābār* the *zeh*, *pārôt* the *Bāšān* which in *har* *Šōmrôn*, the *ʿōšqôt* *dallîm*, the *rōṣǝṣôt* *ʾebyônîm*, the *ʾōmǝrôt* to *ʾadōnêhem*: '*hābîʾāh* *wǝ-ništeh*'", "grammar": { "*Shimʿû*": "imperative, masculine plural - hear/listen", "*dābār*": "noun, masculine singular construct - word/matter/thing", "*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective, masculine singular - this", "*pārôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - cows/kine of", "*Bāšān*": "proper noun, geographical location - Bashan", "*har*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mountain/hill of", "*Šōmrôn*": "proper noun - Samaria", "*ʿōšqôt*": "participle, feminine plural - oppressing/exploiting", "*dallîm*": "adjective used as noun, masculine plural - poor/weak ones", "*rōṣǝṣôt*": "participle, feminine plural - crushing/trampling", "*ʾebyônîm*": "adjective used as noun, masculine plural - needy/destitute ones", "*ʾōmǝrôt*": "participle, feminine plural - saying", "*ʾadōnêhem*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their masters/lords", "*hābîʾāh*": "imperative, masculine singular with cohortative he - bring!", "*wǝ-ništeh*": "conjunction + cohortative, 1st person plural - and let us drink" }, "variants": { "*pārôt*": "cows/kine [metaphor for wealthy women]", "*Bāšān*": "region known for its fertile land and fat cattle", "*ʿōšqôt*": "oppressing/exploiting/defrauding", "*dallîm*": "poor/weak/thin/lowly ones", "*rōṣǝṣôt*": "crushing/bruising/oppressing/trampling", "*ʾebyônîm*": "needy/poor/destitute ones" } }
• Lev 18:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Leviticus.18.8", "source": "עֶרְוַ֥ת אֵֽשֶׁת־אָבִ֖יךָ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה עֶרְוַ֥ת אָבִ֖יךָ הִֽוא׃", "text": "*ʿerwat* *ʾēšet*-*ʾābîkā* *lōʾ* *təgallēh* *ʿerwat* *ʾābîkā* *hîʾ*", "grammar": { "*ʿerwat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - nakedness of", "*ʾēšet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - wife of", "*ʾābîkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your father", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*təgallēh*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall uncover", "*ʿerwat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - nakedness of", "*ʾābîkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your father", "*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular pronoun - she/it is" }, "variants": { "*ʿerwat*": "nakedness of/sexual parts of/shame of", "*ʾēšet*": "wife of/woman of", "*təgallēh*": "you shall uncover/you shall expose/you shall have sexual relations with" } }
• Lev 18:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Leviticus.18.15", "source": "עֶרְוַ֥ת כַּלָּֽתְךָ֖ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה אֵ֤שֶׁת בִּנְךָ֙ הִ֔וא לֹ֥א תְגַלֶּ֖ה עֶרְוָתָֽהּ׃", "text": "*ʿerwat* *kallātəkā* *lōʾ* *təgallēh* *ʾēšet* *binkā* *hîʾ* *lōʾ* *təgalleh* *ʿerwātāh*", "grammar": { "*ʿerwat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - nakedness of", "*kallātəkā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your daughter-in-law", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*təgallēh*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall uncover", "*ʾēšet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - wife of", "*binkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your son", "*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular pronoun - she is", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*təgalleh*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall uncover", "*ʿerwātāh*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her nakedness" }, "variants": { "*ʿerwat*": "nakedness of/sexual parts of/shame of", "*kallātəkā*": "your daughter-in-law/your son's wife", "*təgallēh*": "you shall uncover/you shall expose/you shall have sexual relations with" } }
• Lev 20:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Leviticus.20.3", "source": "וַאֲנִ֞י אֶתֵּ֤ן אֶת־פָּנַי֙ בָּאִ֣ישׁ הַה֔וּא וְהִכְרַתִּ֥י אֹת֖וֹ מִקֶּ֣רֶב עַמּ֑וֹ כִּ֤י מִזַּרְעוֹ֙ נָתַ֣ן לַמֹּ֔לֶךְ לְמַ֗עַן טַמֵּא֙ אֶת־מִקְדָּשִׁ֔י וּלְחַלֵּ֖ל אֶת־שֵׁ֥ם קָדְשִֽׁי׃", "text": "*wa-ʾănî* *ʾettēn* *ʾet*-*pānay* in-*hā-ʾîš* *ha-hûʾ* *wᵊ-hikrattî* *ʾōtô* from-*qereb* *ʿammô* *kî* from-*zarʿô* *nātan* to-*ha-mōlek* to-*maʿan* *ṭammēʾ* *ʾet*-*miqdāšî* *û-lᵊḥallēl* *ʾet*-*šēm* *qodšî*", "grammar": { "*wa-ʾănî*": "conjunction + 1st singular personal pronoun - and I", "*ʾettēn*": "imperfect, 1st singular - I will set/place", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*pānay*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st singular suffix - my face", "*bā-ʾîš*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - against the man", "*ha-hûʾ*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - that", "*wᵊ-hikrattî*": "conjunction + perfect, 1st singular - and I will cut off", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine singular suffix - him", "*mi-qereb*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from midst of", "*ʿammô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his people", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for", "*mi-zarʿô*": "preposition + noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - from his seed", "*nātan*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he gave", "*la-mōlek*": "preposition + proper noun - to Molech", "*lᵊ-maʿan*": "preposition + conjunction - in order to", "*ṭammēʾ*": "infinitive construct, Piel - defile", "*miqdāšî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - my sanctuary", "*û-lᵊḥallēl*": "conjunction + preposition + infinitive construct, Piel - and to profane", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - name of", "*qodšî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - my holiness" }, "variants": { "*ʾettēn* *ʾet*-*pānay*": "set my face against/turn my face against/direct my attention against", "*hikrattî*": "cut off/destroy/eliminate", "*mi-qereb*": "from among/from the midst of", "*ṭammēʾ*": "defile/make unclean/pollute", "*lᵊḥallēl*": "profane/desecrate/defile", "*šēm* *qodšî*": "my holy name" } }
• 2 Sam 12:14 : 14 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.12.14", "source": "אֶ֗פֶס כִּֽי־נִאֵ֤ץ נִאַ֙צְתָּ֙ אֶת־אֹיְבֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה בַּדָּבָ֖ר הַזֶּ֑ה גַּ֗ם הַבֵּ֛ן הַיִּלּ֥וֹד לְךָ֖ מ֥וֹת יָמֽוּת", "text": "*ʾepes kî-niʾēṣ niʾaṣtā ʾet-ʾōyəbê YHWH ba-ddābār ha-zzeh gam ha-bēn ha-yillôd ləkā môt yāmût*", "grammar": { "*ʾepes*": "noun/conjunction - nevertheless/however", "*kî*": "conjunction - because", "*niʾēṣ niʾaṣtā*": "Piel infinitive absolute + Piel perfect 2nd masculine singular - you have utterly scorned", "*ʾet-ʾōyəbê*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine plural construct - the enemies of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - YHWH/the LORD", "*ba-ddābār*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - by this thing", "*ha-zzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*gam*": "conjunction/particle - also", "*ha-bēn*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the son", "*ha-yillôd*": "definite article + Niphal participle masculine singular - the one born", "*ləkā*": "preposition + suffix 2nd masculine singular - to you", "*môt yāmût*": "Qal infinitive absolute + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will surely die" }, "variants": { "*ʾepes*": "nevertheless/however/notwithstanding", "*niʾēṣ niʾaṣtā*": "you have utterly scorned/despised/blasphemed", "*ʾet-ʾōyəbê YHWH*": "the enemies of YHWH (there may be a textual issue here; some read 'you have given great occasion to the enemies of YHWH to blaspheme' or 'you have utterly despised YHWH')", "*môt yāmût*": "he will surely die/he must certainly die" } }
• 1 Kgs 21:4 : 4 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.4", "source": "וַיָּבֹא֩ אַחְאָ֨ב אֶל־בֵּית֜וֹ סַ֣ר וְזָעֵ֗ף עַל־הַדָּבָר֙ אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֣ר אֵלָ֗יו נָבוֹת֙ הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִ֔י וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לֹֽא־אֶתֵּ֥ן לְךָ֖ אֶת־נַחֲלַ֣ת אֲבוֹתָ֑י וַיִּשְׁכַּב֙ עַל־מִטָּת֔וֹ וַיַּסֵּ֥ב אֶת־פָּנָ֖יו וְלֹֽא־אָ֥כַל לָֽחֶם׃", "text": "*wa-yābōʾ* *ʾaḥʾāb* to-*bêtô* *sar* and-*zāʿēp* concerning-the-*dābār* that-*dibber* to-him *nābôt* the-*yizrəʿēʾlî* *wa-yōʾmer* not-*ʾettēn* to-you *ʾet*-*naḥălat* *ʾăbôtāy*; *wa-yiškab* on-*miṭṭātô* *wa-yassēb* *ʾet*-*pānāyw* and-not-*ʾākal* *lāḥem*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yābōʾ*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - and he came", "*ʾaḥʾāb*": "proper name, masculine - Ahab", "*bêtô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his house", "*sar*": "adjective, masculine singular - sullen/depressed", "*zāʿēp*": "adjective, masculine singular - angry/indignant", "*dābār*": "noun, masculine singular - word/matter", "*dibber*": "perfect, 3rd singular masculine, Piel - spoke", "*nābôt*": "proper name, masculine - Naboth", "*yizrəʿēʾlî*": "gentilic adjective, masculine singular - Jezreelite", "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - and he said", "*ʾettēn*": "imperfect, 1st singular, Qal - I will give", "*naḥălat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - inheritance of", "*ʾăbôtāy*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 1st person singular suffix - my fathers", "*wa-yiškab*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - and he lay down", "*miṭṭātô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his bed", "*wa-yassēb*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, Hiphil - and he turned", "*pānāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his face", "*ʾākal*": "perfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - ate", "*lāḥem*": "noun, masculine singular - bread/food" }, "variants": { "*sar*": "sullen/depressed/turning aside", "*zāʿēp*": "angry/indignant/vexed", "*dibber*": "spoke/said", "*wa-yassēb*": "and he turned away/and he turned aside", "*lāḥem*": "bread/food" } }
• Prov 28:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Proverbs.28.21", "source": "הַֽכֵּר־פָּנִ֥ים לֹא־ט֑וֹב וְעַל־פַּת־לֶ֝֗חֶם יִפְשַׁע־גָּֽבֶר׃", "text": "*hakkēr*-*pānîm* *lō'*-*ṭôḇ* *wə'al*-*paṯ*-*leḥem* *yip̄ša'*-*gāḇer*", "grammar": { "*hakkēr*-*pānîm*": "Hiphil infinitive construct + noun, masculine plural - to show partiality/recognize faces", "*lō'*-*ṭôḇ*": "negative particle + adjective, masculine singular - not good", "*wə'al*-*paṯ*-*leḥem*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine singular construct + noun, masculine singular - and for a piece of bread", "*yip̄ša'*-*gāḇer*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular + noun, masculine singular - a man will transgress" }, "variants": { "*hakkēr*-*pānîm*": "showing partiality/favoritism/respect of persons", "*ṭôḇ*": "good/right", "*paṯ*": "piece/morsel/bit", "*leḥem*": "bread/food", "*yip̄ša'*": "will transgress/will rebel", "*gāḇer*": "man/strong man" } }
• Mic 7:2-3 : 2 { "verseID": "Micah.7.2", "source": "אָבַ֤ד חָסִיד֙ מִן־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְיָשָׁ֥ר בָּאָדָ֖ם אָ֑יִן כֻּלָּם֙ לְדָמִ֣ים יֶאֱרֹ֔בוּ אִ֥ישׁ אֶת־אָחִ֖יהוּ יָצ֥וּדוּ חֵֽרֶם׃", "text": "*ʾābad* *ḥāsîd* from-the-*ʾāreṣ*, and-*yāšār* among-*ʾādām* *ʾāyin*; *kullām* for-*dāmîm* *yeʾĕrōbû*, *ʾîš* *ʾet*-his brother *yāṣûdû* *ḥērem*.", "grammar": { "*ʾābad*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has perished/disappeared", "*ḥāsîd*": "masculine singular adjective/noun - godly/pious person", "*min*": "preposition - from", "*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the land/earth", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*yāšār*": "masculine singular adjective/noun - upright person", "*bā-ʾādām*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - among men/humanity", "*ʾāyin*": "particle of negation - there is not/none", "*kullām*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - all of them", "*lə-dāmîm*": "preposition + masculine plural noun - for blood/bloodshed", "*yeʾĕrōbû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they lie in wait/ambush", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man/each one", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾāḥîhû*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his brother", "*yāṣûdû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they hunt/trap", "*ḥērem*": "masculine singular noun - net/ban/destruction" }, "variants": { "*ʾābad*": "perished/disappeared/vanished", "*ḥāsîd*": "godly person/pious one/faithful one", "*ʾāreṣ*": "land/earth/ground/territory", "*yāšār*": "upright person/honest one/just person", "*ʾādām*": "mankind/humanity/people", "*dāmîm*": "blood/bloodshed/blood-guilt", "*yeʾĕrōbû*": "lie in wait/ambush/lurk", "*yāṣûdû*": "hunt/trap/catch", "*ḥērem*": "net/ban/destruction/devoted thing" } } 3 { "verseID": "Micah.7.3", "source": "עַל־הָרַ֤ע כַּפַּ֙יִם֙ לְהֵיטִ֔יב הַשַּׂ֣ר שֹׁאֵ֔ל וְהַשֹּׁפֵ֖ט בַּשִׁלּ֑וּם וְהַגָּד֗וֹל דֹּבֵ֨ר הַוַּ֥ת נַפְשׁ֛וֹ ה֖וּא וַֽיְעַבְּתֽוּהָ׃", "text": "Upon-the-*raʿ* *kappayim* to do well, the-*śar* *šōʾēl* and-the-*šōpēṭ* for-*šillûm*, and-the-*gādōl* *dōbēr* *hawwat* *napəšô* he, and-*yəʿabbətûhā*.", "grammar": { "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/concerning", "*hā-raʿ*": "definite article + masculine singular adjective - the evil", "*kappayim*": "feminine dual noun - both hands/palms", "*lə-hêṭîb*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - to do well/make good", "*ha-śar*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the prince/official", "*šōʾēl*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - asking/demanding", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ha-šōpēṭ*": "definite article + Qal participle, masculine singular - the judge", "*ba-šillûm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - for payment/reward", "*ha-gādōl*": "definite article + masculine singular adjective - the great one/important person", "*dōbēr*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - speaking", "*hawwat*": "construct feminine singular noun - desire/craving of", "*napəšô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his soul", "*hû*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he/it", "*wa-yəʿabbətûhā*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - they twist/pervert it" }, "variants": { "*raʿ*": "evil/wickedness/injury", "*kappayim*": "hands/palms/both hands", "*lə-hêṭîb*": "to do well/do good/make good", "*śar*": "prince/ruler/official/chief", "*šōʾēl*": "asks/demands/requires", "*šōpēṭ*": "judge/ruler/adjudicator", "*šillûm*": "payment/reward/bribe/recompense", "*gādōl*": "great one/important person/noble", "*hawwat*": "desire/craving/mischief of", "*napəšô*": "his soul/his desire/himself", "*yəʿabbətûhā*": "they twist it/pervert it/distort it/weave it" } }
• Zeph 3:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Zephaniah.3.3", "source": "שָׂרֶ֣יהָ בְקִרְבָּ֔הּ אֲרָי֖וֹת שֹֽׁאֲגִ֑ים שֹׁפְטֶ֙יהָ֙ זְאֵ֣בֵי עֶ֔רֶב לֹ֥א גָרְמ֖וּ לַבֹּֽקֶר", "text": "*śārêhā* in *qirbāh* *ʾărāyôt* *šōʾăgîm*; *šōpṭêhā* *zeʾēbê* *ʿereb* not *gāremû* to *bōqer*", "grammar": { "*śārêhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her princes/officials", "*qirbāh*": "noun with preposition and 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her midst", "*ʾărāyôt*": "masculine plural noun - lions", "*šōʾăgîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - roaring", "*šōpṭêhā*": "masculine plural qal participle with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her judges", "*zeʾēbê*": "masculine plural construct - wolves of", "*ʿereb*": "masculine singular noun - evening", "*gāremû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they left/gnawed", "*bōqer*": "masculine singular noun with preposition - for/until morning" }, "variants": { "*śārêhā*": "her princes/officials/rulers", "*qirbāh*": "in her midst/among her", "*ʾărāyôt*": "lions/predators", "*šōʾăgîm*": "roaring/growling", "*šōpṭêhā*": "her judges/rulers", "*zeʾēbê*": "wolves of", "*ʿereb*": "evening/night", "*gāremû*": "left over/gnawed/reserved [bones]" } }
• Rom 2:24 : 24 { "verseID": "Romans.2.24", "source": "Τὸ γὰρ ὄνομα τοῦ Θεοῦ διʼ ὑμᾶς βλασφημεῖται ἐν τοῖς Ἔθνεσιν, καθὼς γέγραπται.", "text": "For the *onoma* of *Theou* through you *blasphēmeitai* among the *Ethnesin*, just as it has been *gegraptai*.", "grammar": { "*onoma*": "noun, nominative, neuter, singular - name", "*Theou*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - of God", "*blasphēmeitai*": "verb, present passive indicative, 3rd person singular - is blasphemed", "*Ethnesin*": "noun, dative, neuter, plural - among the Gentiles/nations", "*gegraptai*": "verb, perfect passive indicative, 3rd person singular - it has been written" }, "variants": { "*onoma*": "name/title/reputation", "*Theou*": "God/deity", "*blasphēmeitai*": "is blasphemed/reviled/spoken evil of", "*Ethnesin*": "Gentiles/nations/non-Jewish peoples", "*gegraptai*": "has been written/recorded/inscribed" } }
• Amos 8:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Amos.8.4", "source": "שִׁמְעוּ־זֹ֕את הַשֹּׁאֲפִ֖ים אֶבְי֑וֹן וְלַשְׁבִּ֖ית *ענוי־**עֲנִיֵּי־אָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*šimʿû* this the *šōʾăpîm* *ʾebyôn* and *wəlašbît* *ʿăniyyê* *ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*šimʿû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - hear/listen", "*zōʾt*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this", "*haššōʾăpîm*": "definite article + qal participle, masculine plural - the ones panting after/trampling", "*ʾebyôn*": "noun, masculine singular - needy/poor person", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*lašbît*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to cause to cease/destroy", "*ʿăniyyê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - poor/afflicted of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - land/earth" }, "variants": { "*šōʾăpîm*": "panting after/trampling/crushing/swallowing up", "*ʾebyôn*": "needy/poor/destitute person", "*lašbît*": "to cause to cease/to make an end of/to destroy", "*ʿăniyyê*": "poor/afflicted/humble", "*ʾāreṣ*": "land/earth/ground/country" } }