Daniel 9:12

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Daniel.9.12", "source": "וַיָּ֜קֶם אֶת־*דבריו **דְּבָר֣וֹ ׀ אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֣ר עָלֵ֗ינוּ וְעַ֤ל שֹֽׁפְטֵ֙ינוּ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שְׁפָט֔וּנוּ לְהָבִ֥יא עָלֵ֖ינוּ רָעָ֣ה גְדֹלָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־נֶעֶשְׂתָ֗ה תַּ֚חַת כָּל־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר נֶעֶשְׂתָ֖ה בִּירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃", "text": "And *wayyāqem* *ʾeṯ*-*dəḇārô* which *dibber* against us and against *šōp̄əṭênû* who *šəp̄āṭûnû* to *hāḇîʾ* upon us *rāʿāh* *ḡəḏōlāh* which not-*neʿeśtāh* under all-the *šāmayim* as *neʿeśtāh* in *yərûšālayim*.", "grammar": { "*wayyāqem*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, hiphil - and he confirmed/established", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*dəḇārô*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3ms suffix - his word", "*dibber*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular, piel - he spoke", "*šōp̄əṭênû*": "participle, qal, masculine, plural with 1pl suffix - our judges", "*šəp̄āṭûnû*": "perfect, 3rd masculine plural, qal with 1pl suffix - they judged us", "*hāḇîʾ*": "infinitive construct, hiphil - to bring", "*rāʿāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - evil/disaster", "*ḡəḏōlāh*": "adjective, feminine, singular - great", "*neʿeśtāh*": "perfect, 3rd feminine singular, niphal - it was done", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine, plural with definite article - the heavens", "*yərûšālayim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem" }, "variants": { "*wayyāqem*": "and he confirmed/established/fulfilled", "*dəḇārô*": "his word/statement/promise", "*dibber*": "he spoke/declared/pronounced", "*šōp̄əṭênû*": "our judges/rulers/leaders", "*rāʿāh*": "evil/disaster/calamity/misfortune", "*neʿeśtāh*": "it was done/performed/accomplished" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיָּ֜קֶם אֶת־*דבריו **דְּבָר֣וֹ ׀ אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֣ר עָלֵ֗ינוּ וְעַ֤ל שֹֽׁפְטֵ֙ינוּ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שְׁפָט֔וּנוּ לְהָבִ֥יא עָלֵ֖ינוּ רָעָ֣ה גְדֹלָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־נֶעֶשְׂתָ֗ה תַּ֚חַת כָּל־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר נֶעֶשְׂתָ֖ה בִּירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃

Transliteration

And wayyāqem ʾeṯ-dəḇārô which dibber against us and against šōp̄əṭênû who šəp̄āṭûnû to hāḇîʾ upon us rāʿāh ḡəḏōlāh which not-neʿeśtāh under all-the šāmayim as neʿeśtāh in yərûšālayim.

Grammar Details

• *wayyāqem*: consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, hiphil - and he confirmed/established
• *ʾeṯ*: direct object marker
• *dəḇārô*: noun, masculine, singular with 3ms suffix - his word
• *dibber*: perfect, 3rd masculine singular, piel - he spoke
• *šōp̄əṭênû*: participle, qal, masculine, plural with 1pl suffix - our judges
• *šəp̄āṭûnû*: perfect, 3rd masculine plural, qal with 1pl suffix - they judged us
• *hāḇîʾ*: infinitive construct, hiphil - to bring
• *rāʿāh*: noun, feminine, singular - evil/disaster
• *ḡəḏōlāh*: adjective, feminine, singular - great
• *neʿeśtāh*: perfect, 3rd feminine singular, niphal - it was done
• *šāmayim*: noun, masculine, plural with definite article - the heavens
• *yərûšālayim*: proper noun - Jerusalem

Word Meanings

• *wayyāqem*: and he confirmed/established/fulfilled
• *dəḇārô*: his word/statement/promise
• *dibber*: he spoke/declared/pronounced
• *šōp̄əṭênû*: our judges/rulers/leaders
• *rāʿāh*: evil/disaster/calamity/misfortune
• *neʿeśtāh*: it was done/performed/accomplished

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  He has carried out His words that He spoke against us and our rulers who governed us, bringing on us a great disaster. Nothing like it has ever been done under the entire heaven as what has been done in Jerusalem.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And he hath confirmed his words, which he spake against us, and against our judges that judged us, by bringing upon us a great evil: for under the whole heaven hath not been done as hath been done upon Jerusalem.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And He has confirmed His words, which He spoke against us and against our judges who judged us, by bringing upon us a great calamity: for under the whole heaven, such as has been done upon Jerusalem has not been done.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And he hath confirmed his words, which he spake against us, and against our judges that judged us, by bringing upon us a great evil: for under the whole heaven hath not been done as hath been done upon Jerusalem.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And he hath confirmed{H6965} his words,{H1697} which he spake{H1696} against us, and against our judges{H8199} that judged{H8199} us, by bringing{H935} upon us a great{H1419} evil;{H7451} for under the whole heaven{H8064} hath not been done{H6213} as hath been done{H6213} upon Jerusalem.{H3389}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And he hath confirmed{H6965}{(H8686)} his words{H1697}, which he spake{H1696}{(H8765)} against us, and against our judges{H8199}{(H8802)} that judged{H8199}{(H8804)} us, by bringing{H935}{(H8687)} upon us a great{H1419} evil{H7451}: for under the whole heaven{H8064} hath not been done{H6213}{(H8738)} as hath been done{H6213}{(H8738)} upon Jerusalem{H3389}.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  And he hath perfourmed his wordes, which he spake agaynst vs, & agaynst oure iudges that iudged vs: to bringe vpon vs soch a greate plage, as neuer was vnder heauen, like as it is now come to passe in Ierusalem.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And he hath confirmed his wordes, which he spake against vs, and against our iudges that iudged vs, by bringing vpon vs a great plague: for vnder the whole heauen hath not bene the like, as hath bene brought vpon Ierusalem.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And he hath confirmed his wordes, which he spake against vs and against our iudges that iudged vs, to bring vpon vs such a great plague as neuer was vnder heauen, lyke as it is now come to passe in Hierusalem.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And he hath confirmed his words, which he spake against us, and against our judges that judged us, by bringing upon us a great evil: for under the whole heaven hath not been done as hath been done upon Jerusalem.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  He has confirmed his words, which he spoke against us, and against our judges who judged us, by bringing on us a great evil; for under the whole sky has not been done as has been done on Jerusalem.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  `And He confirmeth His words that He hath spoken against us, and against our judges who have judged us, to bring in upon us great evil, in that it hath not been done under the whole heavens as it hath been done in Jerusalem,

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And he hath confirmed his words, which he spake against us, and against our judges that judged us, by bringing upon us a great evil; for under the whole heaven hath not been done as hath been done upon Jerusalem.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And he hath confirmed his words, which he spake against us, and against our judges that judged us, by bringing upon us a great evil; for under the whole heaven hath not been done as hath been done upon Jerusalem.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And he has given effect to his words which he said against us and against those who were our judges, by sending a great evil on us: for under all heaven there has not been done what has been done to Jerusalem.

• World English Bible (2000)

  He has confirmed his words, which he spoke against us, and against our judges who judged us, by bringing on us a great evil; for under the whole sky, such has not been done as has been done to Jerusalem.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  He has carried out his threats against us and our rulers who were over us by bringing great calamity on us– what has happened to Jerusalem has never been equaled under all heaven!

Referenced Verses

• Ezek 5:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.5.9", "source": "וְעָשִׂ֣יתִי בָ֗ךְ אֵ֚ת אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־עָשִׂ֔יתִי וְאֵ֛ת אֲשֶֽׁר־לֹֽא־אֶעֱשֶׂ֥ה כָמֹ֖הוּ ע֑וֹד יַ֖עַן כָּל־תּוֹעֲבֹתָֽיִךְ׃", "text": "wə-*ʿāśîtî* *bāk* *ʾēt* *ʾăšer* *lōʾ-ʿāśîtî* wə-*ʾēt* *ʾăšer-lōʾ-ʾeʿĕśeh* *kāmōhû* *ʿôd* *yaʿan* *kol-tôʿăbōtāyik*", "grammar": { "wə-*ʿāśîtî*": "conjunction + qal perfect 1st person singular - and I will do", "*bāk*": "preposition + 2nd person feminine singular suffix - in you", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker - [marks following as direct object]", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*lōʾ-ʿāśîtî*": "negative particle + qal perfect 1st person singular - I have not done", "wə-*ʾēt*": "conjunction + direct object marker - and [marks following as direct object]", "*ʾăšer-lōʾ-ʾeʿĕśeh*": "relative pronoun + negative particle + qal imperfect 1st person singular - which I will not do", "*kāmōhû*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - like it", "*ʿôd*": "adverb - again", "*yaʿan*": "preposition - because of", "*kol-tôʿăbōtāyik*": "construct noun + feminine plural noun + 2nd person feminine singular suffix - all your abominations" }, "variants": { "*tôʿăbōtāyik*": "your abominations/detestable things/abhorrent practices" } }
• Lam 1:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Lamentations.1.12", "source": "ל֣וֹא אֲלֵיכֶם֮ כָּל־עֹ֣בְרֵי דֶרֶךְ֒ הַבִּ֣יטוּ וּרְא֔וּ אִם־יֵ֤שׁ מַכְאוֹב֙ כְּמַכְאֹבִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר עוֹלַ֖ל לִ֑י אֲשֶׁר֙ הוֹגָ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה בְּי֖וֹם חֲר֥וֹן אַפּֽוֹ׃ ס", "text": "*lôʾ* to you all-*ʿōḇərê* *dereḵ*, *habbîṭû* *û*-*rəʾû* if-*yēš* *maḵʾôḇ* like my *maḵʾōḇî* *ʾăšer* *ʿôlal* to me, *ʾăšer* *hôḡāh* *YHWH* in *yôm* *ḥărôn* his *ʾappô*.", "grammar": { "*lôʾ*": "negative particle/exclamation - Is it nothing", "*ʾălêḵem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - to you", "*kāl*": "noun, construct - all of", "*ʿōḇərê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - those passing by", "*dereḵ*": "noun, masculine singular - way", "*habbîṭû*": "hifil imperative, masculine plural - look", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*rəʾû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - see", "*ʾim*": "conjunction - if", "*yēš*": "particle of existence - there is", "*maḵʾôḇ*": "noun, masculine singular - pain", "*kəmaḵʾōḇî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - like my pain", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*ʿôlal*": "polal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was done", "*lî*": "preposition with 1st singular suffix - to me", "*hôḡāh*": "hifil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he afflicted", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*bəyôm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in day of", "*ḥărôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - burning of", "*ʾappô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his anger" }, "variants": { "*lôʾ ʾălêḵem*": "Is it nothing to you?/Does it not concern you?", "*ʿōḇərê dereḵ*": "passersby/travelers/those who pass along the way", "*habbîṭû*": "look/observe/consider", "*maḵʾôḇ*": "pain/sorrow/suffering", "*ʿôlal*": "was done/was inflicted/was brought", "*hôḡāh*": "afflicted/made sorrowful/punished", "*ḥărôn ʾappô*": "his fierce anger/his burning wrath/his intense fury" } }
• Isa 44:26 : 26 { "verseID": "Isaiah.44.26", "source": "מֵקִים֙ דְּבַ֣ר עַבְדּ֔וֹ וַעֲצַ֥ת מַלְאָכָ֖יו יַשְׁלִ֑ים הָאֹמֵ֨ר לִירוּשָׁלִַ֜ם תּוּשָׁ֗ב וּלְעָרֵ֤י יְהוּדָה֙ תִּבָּנֶ֔ינָה וְחָרְבוֹתֶ֖יהָ אֲקוֹמֵֽם׃", "text": "*mēqîm* *dəḇar* *ʿaḇdô* *waʿăṣaṯ* *malʾāḵāyw* *yašlîm* *hāʾōmēr* *lîrûšālaim* *tûšāḇ* *ûləʿārê* *yəhûḏāh* *tibbānenāh* *wəḥārḇôṯehā* *ʾăqômēm*", "grammar": { "*mēqîm*": "verb, hiphil participle, masculine singular - confirming", "*dəḇar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - word of", "*ʿaḇdô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his servant", "*waʿăṣaṯ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular construct - and counsel of", "*malʾāḵāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his messengers", "*yašlîm*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he fulfills", "*hāʾōmēr*": "definite article + verb, qal participle, masculine singular - the one saying", "*lîrûšālaim*": "preposition + proper noun - to Jerusalem", "*tûšāḇ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she will be inhabited", "*ûləʿārê*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine plural construct - and to cities of", "*yəhûḏāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*tibbānenāh*": "verb, niphal imperfect, 3rd person feminine plural - they will be built", "*wəḥārḇôṯehā*": "conjunction + noun, feminine plural construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - and her ruins", "*ʾăqômēm*": "verb, polel imperfect, 1st person singular - I will raise up" }, "variants": { "*mēqîm*": "confirming/establishing/fulfilling", "*malʾāḵāyw*": "his messengers/his angels/his envoys", "*yašlîm*": "he fulfills/he completes/he perfects", "*tûšāḇ*": "she will be inhabited/she will be populated/she will be settled", "*tibbānenāh*": "they will be built/they will be established/they will be constructed", "*ḥārḇôṯehā*": "her ruins/her desolate places/her waste places", "*ʾăqômēm*": "I will raise up/I will restore/I will rebuild" } }
• Lam 2:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Lamentations.2.13", "source": "מָֽה־אֲעִידֵ֞ךְ מָ֣ה אֲדַמֶּה־לָּ֗ךְ הַבַּת֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם מָ֤ה אַשְׁוֶה־לָּךְ֙ וַאֲנַֽחֲמֵ֔ךְ בְּתוּלַ֖ת בַּת־צִיּ֑וֹן כִּֽי־גָד֥וֹל כַּיָּ֛ם שִׁבְרֵ֖ךְ מִ֥י יִרְפָּא־לָֽךְ׃", "text": "What-*ʾăʿîḏēḵ* what *ʾăḏammeh*-to-you the-daughter *yərûšālaim* what *ʾašweh*-to-you and-*ʾănaḥămēḵ* virgin daughter-*ṣiyyôn* for-great like-*yām* *šiḇrēḵ* who *yirpāʾ*-to-you", "grammar": { "*mâ-ʾăʿîḏēḵ*": "interrogative + hiphil imperfect, 1st common singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - what shall I testify to you", "*mâ*": "interrogative - what", "*ʾăḏammeh-lāḵ*": "piel imperfect, 1st common singular + preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - shall I compare to you", "*habbaṯ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular construct - O daughter", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*mâ*": "interrogative - what", "*ʾašweh-lāḵ*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st common singular + preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - shall I liken to you", "*waʾănaḥămēḵ*": "conjunction + piel imperfect, 1st common singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - that I may comfort you", "*bəṯûlaṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - virgin of", "*baṯ-ṣiyyôn*": "construct chain - daughter of Zion", "*kî-ḡāḏôl*": "conjunction + adjective, masculine singular - for great", "*kayyām*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - as the sea", "*šiḇrēḵ*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your destruction/breach", "*mî*": "interrogative - who", "*yirpāʾ-lāḵ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - will heal you" }, "variants": { "*ʾăʿîḏēḵ*": "testify to/bear witness to/admonish", "*ʾăḏammeh*": "compare/liken/think", "*ʾašweh*": "make equal/compare/liken", "*ʾănaḥămēḵ*": "comfort/console", "*bəṯûlaṯ*": "virgin/maiden", "*šiḇrēḵ*": "breach/breaking/destruction/ruin", "*yirpāʾ*": "heal/cure/repair" } }
• Lam 2:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Lamentations.2.17", "source": "עָשָׂ֨ה יְהוָ֜ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר זָמָ֗ם בִּצַּ֤ע אֶמְרָתוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֣ה מִֽימֵי־קֶ֔דֶם הָרַ֖ס וְלֹ֣א חָמָ֑ל וַיְשַׂמַּ֤ח עָלַ֙יִךְ֙ אוֹיֵ֔ב הֵרִ֖ים קֶ֥רֶן צָרָֽיִךְ׃", "text": "*ʿāśâ* *YHWH* which *zāmām* *biṣṣaʿ* *ʾemrāṯô* which *ṣiwwâ* from-days-*qeḏem* *hāras* and-not *ḥāmāl* and-*wayśammaḥ* upon-you *ʾôyēḇ* *hērîm* *qeren* *ṣārāyiḵ*", "grammar": { "*ʿāśâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has done", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*zāmām*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has purposed", "*biṣṣaʿ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has carried out/fulfilled", "*ʾemrāṯô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his word", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*ṣiwwâ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has commanded", "*mîmê-qeḏem*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + noun - from days of ancient times", "*hāras*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has thrown down", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ḥāmāl*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has pitied", "*wayśammaḥ*": "conjunction + piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he has caused to rejoice", "*ʿālayiḵ*": "preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - over you", "*ʾôyēḇ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - enemy", "*hērîm*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has lifted up", "*qeren*": "noun, feminine singular construct - horn/power of", "*ṣārāyiḵ*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your adversaries" }, "variants": { "*zāmām*": "purpose/plan/devise", "*biṣṣaʿ*": "fulfill/carry out/accomplish/complete", "*ʾemrāṯô*": "word/saying/command", "*ṣiwwâ*": "command/order/charge", "*qeḏem*": "ancient/old/former/east", "*hāras*": "tear down/break down/overthrow", "*ḥāmāl*": "pity/spare/have compassion", "*wayśammaḥ*": "cause to rejoice/make glad", "*hērîm*": "lift up/raise/exalt", "*qeren*": "horn/power/strength", "*ṣārāyiḵ*": "adversaries/enemies/foes" } }
• Job 12:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Job.12.17", "source": "מוֹלִ֣יךְ יוֹעֲצִ֣ים שׁוֹלָ֑ל וְֽשֹׁפְטִ֥ים יְהוֹלֵֽל׃", "text": "*môlîk* *yôʿăṣîm* *šôlāl* *wə-šōpəṭîm* *yəhôlēl*", "grammar": { "*môlîk*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - leading", "*yôʿăṣîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - counselors", "*šôlāl*": "noun, masculine singular - stripped/barefoot/plundered", "*wə-šōpəṭîm*": "conjunction + qal participle, masculine plural - and judges", "*yəhôlēl*": "poel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he makes fools" }, "variants": { "*môlîk*": "leads/brings/causes to walk", "*yôʿăṣîm*": "counselors/advisors", "*šôlāl*": "stripped/plundered/barefoot/captive", "*šōpəṭîm*": "judges/rulers", "*yəhôlēl*": "makes foolish/makes mad" } }
• Ps 148:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Psalms.148.11", "source": "מַלְכֵי־אֶ֭רֶץ וְכָל־לְאֻמִּ֑ים שָׂ֝רִ֗ים וְכָל־שֹׁ֥פְטֵי אָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*Malkê*-*ʾereṣ* *wekol*-*leʾummîm* *śārîm* *wekol*-*šōpeṭê* *ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*Malkê*": "noun masculine plural construct - kings of", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun feminine singular - earth/land", "*wekol*": "conjunction + construct noun - and all of", "*leʾummîm*": "noun masculine plural - peoples/nations", "*śārîm*": "noun masculine plural - princes/officials", "*wekol*": "conjunction + construct noun - and all of", "*šōpeṭê*": "qal participle masculine plural construct - judges of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun feminine singular - earth/land" }, "variants": { "*malkê*": "kings of/rulers of", "*ʾereṣ*": "earth/land/ground/territory", "*leʾummîm*": "peoples/nations/ethnic groups", "*śārîm*": "princes/officials/nobles/leaders", "*šōpeṭê*": "judges of/those who govern/rulers of" } }
• Prov 8:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Proverbs.8.16", "source": "בִּ֭י שָׂרִ֣ים יָשֹׂ֑רוּ וּ֝נְדִיבִ֗ים כָּל־שֹׁ֥פְטֵי צֶֽדֶק׃", "text": "By-me *śārîm yāśōrû*, and-*nᵊdîbîm* all-*šōpᵊṭê ṣedeq*", "grammar": { "*śārîm*": "masculine plural noun - princes/officials", "*yāśōrû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they rule/govern", "*nᵊdîbîm*": "masculine plural noun - nobles/generous ones", "*šōpᵊṭê*": "qal participle masculine plural construct - judges of", "*ṣedeq*": "masculine singular noun - righteousness/justice" }, "variants": { "*śārîm*": "princes/officials/commanders", "*yāśōrû*": "they rule/govern/have authority", "*nᵊdîbîm*": "nobles/generous ones/princes", "*šōpᵊṭê*": "judges/those who judge", "*ṣedeq*": "righteousness/justice/rightness" } }
• Ps 2:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Psalms.2.10", "source": "וְ֭עַתָּה מְלָכִ֣ים הַשְׂכִּ֑ילוּ הִ֝וָּסְר֗וּ שֹׁ֣פְטֵי אָֽרֶץ", "text": "*wə-ʿattâ* *məlāḵîm* *haśkîlû* *hiwwāsərû* *šōp̄ṭê* *ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʿattâ*": "conjunction + adverb - and now", "*məlāḵîm*": "masculine plural noun - kings", "*haśkîlû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural - be wise/act wisely", "*hiwwāsərû*": "niphal imperative, masculine plural - be instructed/take warning", "*šōp̄ṭê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - judges of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun - earth/land" }, "variants": { "*haśkîlû*": "be wise/act wisely/consider well/show insight", "*hiwwāsərû*": "be instructed/take warning/accept discipline", "*šōp̄ṭê*": "judges/rulers/governors" } }
• Ps 82:2-3 : 2 { "verseID": "Psalms.82.2", "source": "עַד־מָתַ֥י תִּשְׁפְּטוּ־עָ֑וֶל וּפְנֵ֥י רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים תִּשְׂאוּ־סֶֽלָה׃", "text": "until-*mātay* *tišpəṭû*-*ʿāwel* and-*pənê* *rəšāʿîm* *tiśʾû*-*selāh*", "grammar": { "until-*mātay*": "preposition + interrogative - until when/how long", "*tišpəṭû*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you judge/will judge", "*ʿāwel*": "masculine singular noun - injustice/unrighteousness", "and-*pənê*": "conjunction + construct masculine plural noun - and faces of", "*rəšāʿîm*": "masculine plural noun - wicked ones/evil doers", "*tiśʾû*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you lift up/show favor", "*selāh*": "musical or liturgical term - pause/interlude" }, "variants": { "*tišpəṭû-ʿāwel*": "judge unjustly/judge with injustice", "*pənê*": "faces/persons/presence", "*tiśʾû*": "lift up/show partiality/be partial to/accept" } } 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.82.3", "source": "שִׁפְטוּ־דַ֥ל וְיָת֑וֹם עָנִ֖י וָרָ֣שׁ הַצְדִּֽיקוּ׃", "text": "*šip̄ṭû*-*dal* and-*yātôm* *ʿānî* and-*rāš* *haṣdîqû*", "grammar": { "*šip̄ṭû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - judge!", "*dal*": "masculine singular adjective used as noun - poor/weak person", "and-*yātôm*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and orphan", "*ʿānî*": "masculine singular adjective used as noun - afflicted/needy", "and-*rāš*": "conjunction + masculine singular adjective used as noun - and destitute/impoverished", "*haṣdîqû*": "hiphil imperative masculine plural - justify/vindicate/do justice to" }, "variants": { "*šip̄ṭû*": "judge/defend/vindicate", "*dal*": "poor/weak/helpless/low", "*ʿānî*": "afflicted/oppressed/humble/poor", "*rāš*": "destitute/poor/impoverished", "*haṣdîqû*": "justify/vindicate/declare righteous" } }
• Lam 4:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Lamentations.4.6", "source": "וַיִּגְדַּל֙ עֲוֺ֣ן בַּת־עַמִּ֔י מֵֽחַטַּ֖את סְדֹ֑ם הַֽהֲפוּכָ֣ה כְמוֹ־רָ֔גַע וְלֹא־חָ֥לוּ בָ֖הּ יָדָֽיִם׃", "text": "And *wayyiḡdal* *ʿăwōn bat-ʿammî* than *ḥaṭṭaʾt səḏōm*, the *hăp̄ûḵâ* like *rāḡaʿ* and not *ḥālû* in her *yāḏāyim*", "grammar": { "*wayyiḡdal*": "Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and it became great", "*ʿăwōn*": "masculine singular construct - iniquity of", "*bat*": "feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*ʿammî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my people", "*mē-ḥaṭṭaʾt*": "preposition comparative + feminine singular construct - than the sin of", "*səḏōm*": "proper noun - Sodom", "*ha-hăp̄ûḵâ*": "definite feminine singular Qal passive participle - the one overthrown", "*kəmô*": "preposition - like/as", "*rāḡaʿ*": "masculine singular noun - moment/instant", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ḥālû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they remained/waited", "*ḇāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her/against her", "*yāḏāyim*": "feminine dual noun - hands" }, "variants": { "*wayyiḡdal*": "became great/increased/grew", "*ʿăwōn*": "iniquity/punishment for iniquity/guilt", "*ḥaṭṭaʾt*": "sin/sin-offering/punishment for sin", "*hăp̄ûḵâ*": "overthrown/overturned/destroyed", "*rāḡaʿ*": "moment/instant/suddenly", "*ḥālû*": "remained/waited/labored" } }
• Ezek 13:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.13.6", "source": "חָ֤זוּ שָׁוְא֙ וְקֶ֣סֶם כָּזָ֔ב הָאֹֽמְרִים֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וַֽיהוָ֖ה לֹ֣א שְׁלָחָ֑ם וְיִֽחֲל֖וּ לְקַיֵּ֥ם דָּבָֽר׃", "text": "*ḥāzû* *šāwəʾ* *wə-qesem* *kāzāḇ* *hā-ʾōmərîm* *nəʾum*-*YHWH* *wa-YHWH* *lōʾ* *šəlāḥām* *wə-yiḥălû* *lə-qayyēm* *dāḇār*", "grammar": { "*ḥāzû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they have seen/envisioned", "*šāwəʾ*": "masculine singular noun - falsehood/emptiness", "*wə-qesem*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and divination", "*kāzāḇ*": "masculine singular adjective - false/lying", "*hā-ʾōmərîm*": "article + Qal participle masculine plural - the ones saying", "*nəʾum*": "construct masculine singular - utterance/oracle of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*wa-YHWH*": "conjunction + divine name - and Yahweh/LORD", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*šəlāḥām*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - sent them", "*wə-yiḥălû*": "conjunction + Piel perfect 3rd common plural - and they hope/expect", "*lə-qayyēm*": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct - to confirm/establish", "*dāḇār*": "masculine singular noun - word/matter" }, "variants": { "*šāwəʾ*": "falsehood/emptiness/vanity/worthlessness", "*qesem*": "divination/oracle/prediction", "*kāzāḇ*": "false/lying/deceptive", "*nəʾum*": "utterance/oracle/declaration", "*yiḥălû*": "they hope/expect/wait for" } }
• Joel 2:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Joel.2.2", "source": "י֧וֹם חֹ֣שֶׁךְ וַאֲפֵלָ֗ה י֤וֹם עָנָן֙ וַעֲרָפֶ֔ל כְּשַׁ֖חַר פָּרֻ֣שׂ עַל־הֶֽהָרִ֑ים עַ֚ם רַ֣ב וְעָצ֔וּם כָּמֹ֗הוּ לֹ֤א נִֽהְיָה֙ מִן־הָ֣עוֹלָ֔ם וְאַֽחֲרָיו֙ לֹ֣א יוֹסֵ֔ף עַד־שְׁנֵ֖י דּ֥וֹר וָדֽוֹר׃", "text": "*Yôm* *ḥōshekh* and-*ʾăfēlâ* *yôm* *ʿānān* and-*ʿărāfel* like-*shaḥar* *pārūs* upon-the-*hehārîm* *ʿam* *rab* and-*ʿātsûm* like-*kāmōhû* not *nihyâ* from-the-*hāʿôlām* and-*ʾaḥărāyw* not *yôsēf* until-*shenê* *dôr* and-*dôr*.", "grammar": { "*Yôm*": "masculine singular construct - day of", "*ḥōshekh*": "masculine singular noun - darkness", "*ʾăfēlâ*": "feminine singular noun - gloom/thick darkness", "*ʿānān*": "masculine singular noun - cloud", "*ʿărāfel*": "masculine singular noun - thick darkness/heavy cloud", "*shaḥar*": "masculine singular noun - dawn/daybreak", "*pārūs*": "qal passive participle, masculine singular - spread/stretched", "*hehārîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the mountains", "*ʿam*": "masculine singular noun - people/nation", "*rab*": "masculine singular adjective - great/numerous/many", "*ʿātsûm*": "masculine singular adjective - mighty/strong", "*kāmōhû*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - like it", "*nihyâ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has been/occurred", "*hāʿôlām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the eternity/ancient times", "*ʾaḥărāyw*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - after it", "*yôsēf*": "hophal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will be added/will occur again", "*shenê*": "construct plural of 'year' - years of", "*dôr*": "masculine singular noun - generation" }, "variants": { "*ḥōshekh*": "darkness/obscurity", "*ʾăfēlâ*": "gloom/thick darkness", "*ʿānān*": "cloud/cloudy mass", "*ʿărāfel*": "thick darkness/heavy cloud/gloom", "*shaḥar*": "dawn/daybreak/morning light", "*pārūs*": "spread/stretched/dispersed", "*ʿam*": "people/nation/army", "*rab*": "great/numerous/many/abundant", "*ʿātsûm*": "mighty/strong/powerful", "*nihyâ*": "has been/occurred/existed", "*hāʿôlām*": "the eternity/ancient times/antiquity", "*yôsēf*": "will be added/will occur again/will be repeated" } }
• Amos 3:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Amos.3.2", "source": "רַ֚ק אֶתְכֶ֣ם יָדַ֔עְתִּי מִכֹּ֖ל מִשְׁפְּח֣וֹת הָאֲדָמָ֑ה עַל־כֵּן֙ אֶפְקֹ֣ד עֲלֵיכֶ֔ם אֵ֖ת כָּל־עֲוֺנֹֽתֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "*Raq* *ʾetkem* *yādaʿtî* *mikol* *mišpəḥôt* *hā-ʾădāmâ*; *ʿal*-*kēn* *ʾepqōd* *ʿălêkem* *ʾēt* *kol*-*ʿăwōnōtêkem*", "grammar": { "*Raq*": "adverb - only", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker + 2nd masculine plural suffix - you", "*yādaʿtî*": "Qal perfect, 1st singular - I have known", "*mikol*": "preposition + construct - from all of", "*mišpəḥôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - families/clans of", "*hā-ʾădāmâ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the earth/ground/land", "*ʿal*": "preposition", "*kēn*": "adverb - so/thus/therefore", "*ʾepqōd*": "Qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will visit/punish", "*ʿălêkem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - upon you", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*kol*": "construct - all of", "*ʿăwōnōtêkem*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your iniquities" }, "variants": { "*yādaʿtî*": "known/chosen/selected/acknowledged/cared for", "*mišpəḥôt*": "families/clans/tribes", "*ʾădāmâ*": "earth/ground/land/soil", "*ʾepqōd*": "visit/punish/attend to/reckon with", "*ʿăwōnōt*": "iniquities/sins/wrongdoings/guilty acts" } }
• Zech 1:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Zechariah.1.6", "source": "אַ֣ךְ ׀ דְּבָרַ֣י וְחֻקַּ֗י אֲשֶׁ֤ר צִוִּ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־עֲבָדַ֣י הַנְּבִיאִ֔ים הֲל֥וֹא הִשִּׂ֖יגוּ אֲבֹתֵיכֶ֑ם וַיָּשׁ֣וּבוּ וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר זָמַ֜ם יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת לָ֔נוּ כִּדְרָכֵ֙ינוּ֙ וּכְמַ֣עֲלָלֵ֔ינוּ כֵּ֖ן עָשָׂ֥ה אִתָּֽנוּ׃", "text": "*ʾaḵ* *dᵉḇāray* *wᵉḥuqqay* which *ṣiwwîtî* *ʾet*-*ʿăḇāday* the *nᵉḇîʾîm*, *hălôʾ* *hiśśîgû* *ʾăḇōtêḵem*? *wayyāšûḇû* *wayyōʾmᵉrû*, 'As *zāmam* *YHWH* *ṣᵉḇāʾôt* *laʿăśôt* to-us, according to *kiḏᵉrāḵênû* and-according to *ḵᵉmaʿălālênû*, so *ʿāśāh* with-us'", "grammar": { "*ʾaḵ*": "adverb - surely/only/nevertheless", "*dᵉḇāray*": "noun masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my words", "*wᵉḥuqqay*": "conjunction *wᵉ* + noun masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - and my statutes/decrees", "*ṣiwwîtî*": "verb piel perfect 1st person singular - I commanded", "*ʿăḇāday*": "noun masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix with direct object marker *ʾet* - my servants", "*nᵉḇîʾîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - the prophets", "*hălôʾ*": "interrogative particle - did not?", "*hiśśîgû*": "verb hiphil perfect 3rd common plural - overtook/reached", "*ʾăḇōtêḵem*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your fathers", "*wayyāšûḇû*": "conjunction *wa* + verb qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with consecutive vav - and they returned/repented", "*wayyōʾmᵉrû*": "conjunction *wa* + verb qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with consecutive vav - and they said", "*zāmam*": "verb qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - purposed/planned", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*ṣᵉḇāʾôt*": "noun feminine plural construct - of hosts/armies", "*laʿăśôt*": "preposition *lᵉ* + verb qal infinitive construct - to do", "*kiḏᵉrāḵênû*": "preposition *kᵉ* + noun feminine plural construct with 1st person plural suffix - according to our ways", "*ḵᵉmaʿălālênû*": "conjunction *wᵉ* + preposition *kᵉ* + noun masculine plural construct with 1st person plural suffix - and according to our deeds/practices", "*ʿāśāh*": "verb qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he did/has done" }, "variants": { "*ʾaḵ*": "surely/only/nevertheless", "*hiśśîgû*": "overtook/reached/caught up with", "*wayyāšûḇû*": "and they returned/and they repented/and they turned back", "*zāmam*": "purposed/planned/determined", "*maʿălālênû*": "deeds/practices/actions" } }
• Zech 1:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Zechariah.1.8", "source": "רָאִ֣יתִי ׀ הַלַּ֗יְלָה וְהִנֵּה־אִישׁ֙ רֹכֵב֙ עַל־ס֣וּס אָדֹ֔ם וְה֣וּא עֹמֵ֔ד בֵּ֥ין הַהֲדַסִּ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּמְּצֻלָ֑ה וְאַחֲרָיו֙ סוּסִ֣ים אֲדֻמִּ֔ים שְׂרֻקִּ֖ים וּלְבָנִֽים", "text": "*rāʾîtî* the *laylāh* and *hinnēh*-*ʾîš* *rōḵēḇ* on-*sûs* *ʾādōm*, and-he *ʿōmēḏ* between the *hăḏassîm* which in the *mᵉṣulāh*; and-after-him *sûsîm* *ʾăḏummîm*, *śᵉruqqîm*, and *lᵉḇānîm*", "grammar": { "*rāʾîtî*": "verb qal perfect 1st person singular - I saw", "*laylāh*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - the night", "*hinnēh*": "interjection with conjunction *wᵉ* - and behold", "*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - man", "*rōḵēḇ*": "verb qal participle masculine singular - riding", "*sûs*": "noun masculine singular with preposition *ʿal* - on horse", "*ʾādōm*": "adjective masculine singular - red", "*ʿōmēḏ*": "verb qal participle masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he was standing", "*hăḏassîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - the myrtles", "*mᵉṣulāh*": "noun feminine singular with definite article and preposition *bᵉ* - in the depths/hollow", "*sûsîm*": "noun masculine plural - horses", "*ʾăḏummîm*": "adjective masculine plural - red", "*śᵉruqqîm*": "adjective masculine plural - sorrel/bay/reddish-brown", "*lᵉḇānîm*": "adjective masculine plural with conjunction *wᵉ* - and white" }, "variants": { "*laylāh*": "night/nighttime", "*hăḏassîm*": "myrtles/myrtle trees", "*mᵉṣulāh*": "depths/hollow/ravine", "*śᵉruqqîm*": "sorrel/bay/reddish-brown" } }
• Matt 5:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Matthew.5.18", "source": "Ἀμὴν γὰρ λέγω ὑμῖν, Ἕως ἂν παρέλθῃ ὁ οὐρανὸς καὶ ἡ γῆ, ἰῶτα ἓν ἢ μία κεραία οὐ μὴ παρέλθῃ ἀπὸ τοῦ νόμου, ἕως ἂν πάντα γένηται.", "text": "*Amēn* *gar* *legō* to-you, Until *an* *parelthē* the *ouranos* and the *gē*, *iōta* one or one *keraia* not not *parelthē* from the *nomou*, until *an* all *genētai*.", "grammar": { "*Amēn*": "Hebrew transliteration - truly/verily", "*gar*": "postpositive conjunction - for/because", "*legō*": "present active indicative, 1st person singular - I say/tell", "*an*": "modal particle with subjunctive - ever/possibly", "*parelthē*": "aorist active subjunctive, 3rd person singular - might pass away", "*ouranos*": "nominative masculine singular - heaven/sky", "*gē*": "nominative feminine singular - earth/land", "*iōta*": "nominative neuter singular - iota (smallest Greek letter)", "*keraia*": "nominative feminine singular - stroke/serif (part of a letter)", "*nomou*": "genitive masculine singular - of law", "*genētai*": "aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd person singular - might happen/be fulfilled" }, "variants": { "*Amēn*": "truly/verily/certainly", "*legō*": "say/tell/speak", "*parelthē*": "pass away/pass by/come to an end", "*ouranos*": "heaven/sky", "*gē*": "earth/land/ground", "*iōta*": "iota/smallest letter (like Hebrew yod)", "*keraia*": "stroke/serif/small mark on a letter", "*genētai*": "happen/be fulfilled/come to pass" } }
• Matt 24:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Matthew.24.21", "source": "Ἔσται γὰρ τότε θλῖψις μεγάλη, οἵα οὐ γέγονεν ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς κόσμου ἕως τοῦ νῦν, οὐδʼ, οὐ μὴ γένηται.", "text": "For *estai* then *thlipsis* *megalē*, such as not *gegonen* from *archēs* *kosmou* until the *nyn*, neither, not not *genētai*.", "grammar": { "*estai*": "future middle, 3rd person singular - will be", "*thlipsis*": "nominative feminine singular - tribulation/affliction", "*megalē*": "nominative feminine singular - great", "*gegonen*": "perfect active, 3rd person singular - has been/happened", "*archēs*": "genitive feminine singular - beginning", "*kosmou*": "genitive masculine singular - world", "*nyn*": "adverb - now", "*genētai*": "aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd person singular - might happen/occur" }, "variants": { "*estai*": "will be/shall be/will exist", "*thlipsis*": "tribulation/affliction/distress", "*megalē*": "great/large/intense", "*gegonen*": "has been/happened/occurred", "*archēs*": "beginning/origin", "*kosmou*": "world/universe/creation", "*nyn*": "now/present time", "*genētai*": "might happen/occur/take place" } }
• Mark 13:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Mark.13.19", "source": "Ἔσονται γὰρ αἱ ἡμέραι ἐκεῖναι θλῖψις, οἵα οὐ γέγονεν τοιαύτη ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς κτίσεως ἣς ἔκτισεν ὁ Θεὸς ἕως τοῦ νῦν, καὶ οὐ μὴ γένηται.", "text": "*Esontai* *gar* the *hēmerai* those *thlipsis*, such-as not *gegonen* such from *archēs* *ktiseōs* which *ektisen* the *Theos* until the now, and *ou mē* *genētai*.", "grammar": { "*Esontai*": "future, indicative, middle, 3rd plural - will be", "*gar*": "conjunction, explanatory - for/because", "*hēmerai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - days", "*thlipsis*": "nominative, feminine, singular - tribulation/affliction", "*gegonen*": "perfect, indicative, active, 3rd singular - has been/occurred", "*archēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - beginning", "*ktiseōs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - creation", "*ektisen*": "aorist, indicative, active, 3rd singular - created", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*ou mē*": "strong double negative - by no means/certainly not", "*genētai*": "aorist, subjunctive, middle, 3rd singular - might happen/occur" }, "variants": { "*Esontai*": "will be/exist", "*hēmerai*": "days/time periods", "*thlipsis*": "tribulation/affliction/distress", "*gegonen*": "has been/occurred/happened", "*archēs*": "beginning/origin/first", "*ktiseōs*": "creation/founding/establishment", "*ektisen*": "created/made/formed", "*Theos*": "God/deity", "*genētai*": "might happen/occur/come to pass" } }
• Luke 21:22 : 22 { "verseID": "Luke.21.22", "source": "Ὅτι ἡμέραι ἐκδικήσεως αὗταί εἰσιν, τοῦ πλησθῆναι πάντα τὰ γεγραμμένα.", "text": "Because *hēmerai* *ekdikēseōs* these *eisin*, for *plēsthēnai* all the things *gegrammena*.", "grammar": { "*hēmerai*": "nominative feminine plural - days", "*ekdikēseōs*": "genitive feminine singular - vengeance", "*eisin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person plural - they are", "*plēsthēnai*": "aorist passive infinitive - to be fulfilled", "*gegrammena*": "perfect passive participle, nominative neuter plural - having been written" }, "variants": { "*hēmerai*": "days/times", "*ekdikēseōs*": "vengeance/retribution/punishment", "*eisin*": "are/exist", "*plēsthēnai*": "to be fulfilled/to be accomplished/to be completed", "*gegrammena*": "having been written/things written" } }
• Rom 15:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Romans.15.8", "source": "Λέγω δέ Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν διάκονον γεγενῆσθαι περιτομῆς ὑπὲρ ἀληθείας Θεοῦ, εἰς τὸ βεβαιῶσαι τὰς ἐπαγγελίας τῶν πατέρων:", "text": "I *legō* *de* *Iēsoun* *Christon* *diakonon* to have *gegenēsthai* of *peritomēs* *hyper* *alētheias* of *Theou*, *eis* *bebaiōsai* the *epangelias* of the *paterōn*:", "grammar": { "*legō*": "present active indicative, 1st person singular - I say/I tell", "*de*": "postpositive particle - but/and/now", "*Iēsoun*": "accusative, masculine, singular - Jesus", "*Christon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - Christ/Anointed One", "*diakonon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - servant/minister", "*gegenēsthai*": "perfect middle/passive infinitive - to have become", "*peritomēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - circumcision", "*hyper*": "preposition with genitive - for/on behalf of", "*alētheias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - truth", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God", "*eis*": "preposition with accusative - for/unto", "*bebaiōsai*": "aorist active infinitive - to confirm/to establish", "*epangelias*": "accusative, feminine, plural - promises", "*paterōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - fathers" }, "variants": { "*legō*": "I say/I tell/I affirm", "*diakonon*": "servant/minister/attendant", "*gegenēsthai*": "to have become/to have been made", "*peritomēs*": "circumcision/the circumcised (metonymy for the Jews)", "*hyper*": "for/on behalf of/for the sake of", "*alētheias*": "truth/truthfulness/veracity", "*bebaiōsai*": "to confirm/to establish/to verify", "*epangelias*": "promises/pledges", "*paterōn*": "fathers/ancestors/patriarchs" } }
• Jer 44:2-6 : 2 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.44.2", "source": "כֹּה־אָמַ֞ר יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אַתֶּ֣ם רְאִיתֶ֗ם אֵ֤ת כָּל־הָֽרָעָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר הֵבֵ֙אתִי֙ עַל־יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְעַ֖ל כָּל־עָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֑ה וְהִנָּ֤ם חָרְבָּה֙ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה וְאֵ֥ין בָּהֶ֖ם יוֹשֵֽׁב׃", "text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH ṣebāʾôt* *ʾĕlōhê yiśrāʾēl* you *reʾîtem* *ʾēt* all the *rāʿāh* which *hēbēʾtî* upon *yerûšālaim* and-upon all *ʿārê yehûdāh* and-behold-them *ḥorbāh* the *yôm* the-this and-*ʾên* in-them *yôšēb*", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "perfect verb, 3rd singular, masculine - said/declared", "*YHWH ṣebāʾôt*": "divine name with construct noun - YHWH of hosts/armies", "*ʾĕlōhê yiśrāʾēl*": "construct chain - God of Israel", "*reʾîtem*": "perfect verb, 2nd plural - you have seen", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*rāʿāh*": "definite noun, feminine singular - evil/calamity/disaster", "*hēbēʾtî*": "hiphil perfect verb, 1st singular - I brought/caused to come", "*yerûšālaim*": "proper noun with preposition *ʿal* - upon Jerusalem", "*ʿārê yehûdāh*": "construct chain with preposition *ʿal* - upon cities of Judah", "*ḥorbāh*": "noun, feminine singular - desolation/waste", "*yôm*": "definite noun with demonstrative adjective - this day", "*ʾên*": "negative particle of existence - there is not", "*yôšēb*": "participle, masculine singular - dweller/inhabitant" }, "variants": { "*rāʿāh*": "evil/disaster/calamity/misfortune/distress", "*ḥorbāh*": "desolation/waste/ruin", "*yôšēb*": "dweller/inhabitant/resident" } } 3 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.44.3", "source": "מִפְּנֵ֣י רָעָתָ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשׂוּ֙ לְהַכְעִסֵ֔נִי לָלֶ֣כֶת לְקַטֵּ֔ר לַעֲבֹ֖ד לֵאלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֑ים אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א יְדָע֔וּם הֵ֖מָּה אַתֶּ֥ם וַאֲבֹתֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "From-face-of *rāʿātām* which *ʿāśû* to-*hakʿîsēnî* to-*lāleket* to-*qaṭṭēr* to-*ʿăbōd* to-*ʾĕlōhîm ʾăḥērîm* which not *yedāʿûm* they you and-*ʾăbōtêkem*", "grammar": { "*rāʿātām*": "noun with possessive suffix, 3rd plural - their evil/wickedness", "*ʿāśû*": "perfect verb, 3rd plural - they did/made", "*hakʿîsēnî*": "hiphil infinitive with object suffix, 1st singular - to provoke me to anger", "*lāleket*": "infinitive construct with preposition - to go/walk", "*qaṭṭēr*": "piel infinitive with preposition - to burn incense/offer sacrifices", "*ʿăbōd*": "infinitive construct with preposition - to serve/worship", "*ʾĕlōhîm ʾăḥērîm*": "plural noun with adjective - other gods", "*yedāʿûm*": "perfect verb with object suffix, 3rd plural - they knew them", "*ʾăbōtêkem*": "plural noun with possessive suffix, 2nd plural - your fathers/ancestors" }, "variants": { "*rāʿātām*": "their evil/wickedness/sin/calamity", "*hakʿîsēnî*": "to provoke me to anger/to vex me", "*qaṭṭēr*": "to burn incense/offer sacrifices by burning" } } 4 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.44.4", "source": "וָאֶשְׁלַ֤ח אֲלֵיכֶם֙ אֶת־כָּל־עֲבָדַ֣י הַנְּבִיאִ֔ים הַשְׁכֵּ֥ים וְשָׁלֹ֖חַ לֵאמֹ֑ר אַל־נָ֣א תַעֲשׂ֗וּ אֵ֛ת דְּבַֽר־הַתֹּעֵבָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׂנֵֽאתִי׃", "text": "And-*ʾešlaḥ* to-you *ʾet*-all-*ʿăbāday* the-*nebîʾîm* the-*haškēm* and-*šālōaḥ* *lēʾmōr* not-please *taʿăśû* *ʾēt* *debar*-the-*tôʿēbāh* the-this which *śānēʾtî*", "grammar": { "*ʾešlaḥ*": "imperfect consecutive verb, 1st singular - I sent", "*ʿăbāday*": "plural noun with possessive suffix, 1st singular - my servants", "*nebîʾîm*": "definite plural noun - prophets", "*haškēm*": "infinitive absolute, hiphil - rising early", "*šālōaḥ*": "infinitive absolute - sending", "*lēʾmōr*": "infinitive construct with preposition - saying", "*taʿăśû*": "imperfect verb, 2nd plural - you (shall) do", "*debar*": "construct noun - matter/thing of", "*tôʿēbāh*": "definite noun, feminine singular - abomination", "*śānēʾtî*": "perfect verb, 1st singular - I hated" }, "variants": { "*haškēm*": "rising early/being persistent", "*tôʿēbāh*": "abomination/detestable thing" } } 5 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.44.5", "source": "וְלֹ֤א שָֽׁמְעוּ֙ וְלֹא־הִטּ֣וּ אֶת־אָזְנָ֔ם לָשׁ֖וּב מֵרָֽעָתָ֑ם לְבִלְתִּ֥י קַטֵּ֖ר לֵאלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִֽים׃", "text": "And-not *šāmeʿû* and-not-*hiṭṭû* *ʾet*-*ʾoznām* to-*šûb* from-*rāʿātām* to-*biltî* *qaṭṭēr* to-*ʾĕlōhîm ʾăḥērîm*", "grammar": { "*šāmeʿû*": "perfect verb, 3rd plural - they heard/listened", "*hiṭṭû*": "hiphil perfect verb, 3rd plural - they inclined/turned", "*ʾoznām*": "noun with possessive suffix, 3rd plural - their ear", "*šûb*": "infinitive construct - to return/turn back", "*rāʿātām*": "noun with possessive suffix, 3rd plural - their evil", "*biltî*": "negative particle with preposition - not to", "*qaṭṭēr*": "piel infinitive construct - burn incense/offer sacrifices", "*ʾĕlōhîm ʾăḥērîm*": "plural noun with adjective - other gods" }, "variants": { "*šāmeʿû*": "they heard/listened/obeyed", "*hiṭṭû*": "they inclined/turned/paid attention", "*šûb*": "return/turn back/repent" } } 6 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.44.6", "source": "וַתִּתַּ֤ךְ חֲמָתִי֙ וְאַפִּ֔י וַתִּבְעַר֙ בְּעָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וּבְחֻצ֖וֹת יְרֽוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם וַתִּהְיֶ֛ינָה לְחָרְבָּ֥ה לִשְׁמָמָ֖ה כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "And-*tittak* *ḥămātî* and-*ʾappî* and-*tibʿar* in-*ʿārê yehûdāh* and-in-*ḥûṣôt yerûšālāim* and-*tihyênāh* to-*ḥorbāh* to-*šemāmāh* as-the-*yôm* the-this", "grammar": { "*tittak*": "niphal imperfect consecutive verb, 3rd feminine singular - was poured out", "*ḥămātî*": "noun with possessive suffix, 1st singular - my wrath", "*ʾappî*": "noun with possessive suffix, 1st singular - my anger", "*tibʿar*": "qal imperfect consecutive verb, 3rd feminine singular - burned", "*ʿārê yehûdāh*": "construct chain - cities of Judah", "*ḥûṣôt yerûšālāim*": "construct chain - streets of Jerusalem", "*tihyênāh*": "qal imperfect consecutive verb, 3rd feminine plural - they became", "*ḥorbāh*": "noun, feminine singular - desolation/waste", "*šemāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - devastation/astonishment", "*yôm*": "definite noun with demonstrative adjective - this day" }, "variants": { "*tittak*": "was poured out/spilled/melted", "*ḥămātî*": "my wrath/fury/heat", "*ʾappî*": "my anger/nose/face", "*tibʿar*": "burned/kindled/ignited", "*ḥorbāh*": "desolation/waste/ruin", "*šemāmāh*": "devastation/astonishment/horror" } }
• 1 Kgs 3:9 : 9 { "verseID": "1 Kings.3.9", "source": "וְנָתַתָּ֨ לְעַבְדְּךָ֜ לֵ֤ב שֹׁמֵ֙עַ֙ לִשְׁפֹּ֣ט אֶֽת־עַמְּךָ֔ לְהָבִ֖ין בֵּֽין־ט֣וֹב לְרָ֑ע כִּ֣י מִ֤י יוּכַל֙ לִשְׁפֹּ֔ט אֶת־עַמְּךָ֥ הַכָּבֵ֖ד הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "And *wĕnātattā* to-your servant *lēb* *šōmēaʿ* to-*lišpōṭ* *ʾet*-your *ʿam*, to-*lĕhābîn* between-good to-evil; for who *yûkal* to-*lišpōṭ* *ʾet*-your *ʿam* the-*kābēd* the-this?", "grammar": { "*wĕnātattā*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and may you give", "*lĕʿabdĕkā*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - to your servant", "*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular - heart/mind", "*šōmēaʿ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - hearing/listening", "*lišpōṭ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to judge", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿammĕkā*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your people", "*lĕhābîn*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - to discern/understand", "*bên*": "preposition - between", "*ṭôb*": "adjective, masculine singular - good", "*lĕrāʿ*": "preposition + adjective, masculine singular - to evil", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who", "*yûkal*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - is able", "*hakkābēd*": "definite article + adjective, masculine singular - the weighty/numerous/important", "*hazzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*lēb šōmēaʿ*": "hearing heart/discerning mind/understanding heart", "*kābēd*": "heavy/numerous/weighty/important", "*šōmēaʿ*": "hearing/listening/obedient/attentive" } }