Josh 4:5-9 : 5 {
"verseID": "Joshua.4.5",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָהֶם֙ יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ עִ֠בְרוּ לִפְנֵ֨י אֲר֧וֹן יְהוָ֛ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֖ם אֶל־תּ֣וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְהָרִ֨ימוּ לָכֶ֜ם אִ֣ישׁ אֶ֤בֶן אַחַת֙ עַל־שִׁכְמ֔וֹ לְמִסְפַּ֖ר שִׁבְטֵ֥י בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃",
"text": "And said *wa-yyōʾmer* to them *lāhem* *yᵊhôšūaʿ*, Pass over *ʿibrû* before *li-pnê* ark of *ʾărôn* *YHWH* your God *ʾĕlōhêkem* unto *ʾel* midst of *tôk* the *ha-yardên* and lift up *wə-hārîmû* for yourselves *lākem* each man *ʾîš* one *ʾaḥat* stone *ʾeben* upon *ʿal* his shoulder *šikmô* according to number of *lə-mispar* tribes of *šibṭê* children of *bᵊnê* *yiśrāʾēl*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yyōʾmer*": "conjunction + imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to them",
"*yᵊhôšūaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*ʿibrû*": "imperative plural masculine - pass over/cross over",
"*li-pnê*": "preposition + plural construct - before/in front of",
"*ʾărôn*": "masculine singular construct - ark of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD",
"*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your God",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - unto/to",
"*tôk*": "masculine singular construct - midst of",
"*ha-yardên*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jordan",
"*wə-hārîmû*": "conjunction + imperative plural masculine - and lift up",
"*lākem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - for yourselves",
"*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - each man",
"*ʾeben*": "feminine singular noun - stone",
"*ʾaḥat*": "cardinal number feminine singular - one",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/on",
"*šikmô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his shoulder",
"*lə-mispar*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - according to number of",
"*šibṭê*": "masculine plural construct - tribes of",
"*bᵊnê*": "masculine plural construct - children/sons of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿābar*": "pass over/cross over/traverse",
"*pānîm*": "face/before/presence",
"*ʾărôn*": "ark/chest/box",
"*tôk*": "midst/middle/among",
"*rûm*": "lift up/raise/exalt",
"*šekem*": "shoulder/upper back",
"*mispār*": "number/count/tally",
"*šēbeṭ*": "tribe/clan/rod"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Joshua.4.6",
"source": "לְמַ֗עַן תִּֽהְיֶ֛ה זֹ֥את א֖וֹת בְּקִרְבְּכֶ֑ם כִּֽי־יִשְׁאָל֨וּן בְּנֵיכֶ֤ם מָחָר֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר מָ֛ה הָאֲבָנִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה לָכֶֽם׃",
"text": "In order that *lə-maʿan* it may be *tihyeh* this *zōʾt* sign *ʾôt* among you *bə-qirbəkem*, when *kî* ask *yišʾālûn* your children *bᵊnêkem* tomorrow *māḥār* saying *lēʾmōr*, What *māh* the stones *hā-ʾăbānîm* these *hā-ʾēlleh* to you *lākem*",
"grammar": {
"*lə-maʿan*": "preposition + conjunction - in order that/so that",
"*tihyeh*": "imperfect 3rd feminine singular - it may be/become",
"*zōʾt*": "feminine singular demonstrative pronoun - this",
"*ʾôt*": "feminine singular noun - sign/token/mark",
"*bə-qirbəkem*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - among you/in your midst",
"*kî*": "conjunction - when/because/that",
"*yišʾālûn*": "imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will ask",
"*bᵊnêkem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your sons/children",
"*māḥār*": "adverb - tomorrow/in future time",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + infinitive construct - saying",
"*māh*": "interrogative pronoun - what",
"*hā-ʾăbānîm*": "definite article + feminine plural noun - the stones",
"*hā-ʾēlleh*": "definite article + common plural demonstrative pronoun - these",
"*lākem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - to you/for you"
},
"variants": {
"*maʿan*": "purpose/intent/reason",
"*hāyāh*": "be/become/happen",
"*ʾôt*": "sign/token/mark",
"*qereb*": "midst/inner part/among",
"*šāʾal*": "ask/inquire/request",
"*māḥār*": "tomorrow/in the future/in time to come"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Joshua.4.7",
"source": "וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֣ם לָהֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִכְרְת֜וּ מֵימֵ֤י הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ מִפְּנֵי֙ אֲר֣וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָ֔ה בְּעָבְרוֹ֙ בַּיַּרְדֵּ֔ן נִכְרְת֖וּ מֵ֣י הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְ֠הָיוּ הָאֲבָנִ֨ים הָאֵ֧לֶּה לְזִכָּר֛וֹן לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃",
"text": "And you shall say *wa-ʾămartem* to them *lāhem* that *ʾăšer* were cut off *nikrətû* waters of *mêmê* the *ha-yardên* from before *mi-ppənê* ark of *ʾărôn* covenant of *bərît* *YHWH* in his crossing over *bə-ʿābrô* in the *ba-yardên* were cut off *nikrətû* waters of *mê* the *ha-yardên*, and shall be *wə-hāyû* the stones *hā-ʾăbānîm* these *hā-ʾēlleh* for memorial *lə-zikkārôn* to children of *li-bnê* *yiśrāʾēl* until *ʿad* forever *ʿôlām*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-ʾămartem*": "conjunction + perfect 2nd masculine plural - and you shall say",
"*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to them",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - that/which",
"*nikrətû*": "perfect 3rd common plural passive - were cut off",
"*mêmê*": "masculine plural construct - waters of",
"*ha-yardên*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jordan",
"*mi-ppənê*": "preposition + plural construct - from before",
"*ʾărôn*": "masculine singular construct - ark of",
"*bərît*": "feminine singular construct - covenant of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD",
"*bə-ʿābrô*": "preposition + infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his crossing over",
"*ba-yardên*": "preposition + definite article + proper noun - in the Jordan",
"*mê*": "masculine plural construct - waters of",
"*wə-hāyû*": "conjunction + perfect 3rd common plural - and shall be",
"*hā-ʾăbānîm*": "definite article + feminine plural noun - the stones",
"*hā-ʾēlleh*": "definite article + common plural demonstrative pronoun - these",
"*lə-zikkārôn*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - for memorial/remembrance",
"*li-bnê*": "preposition + masculine plural construct - to sons/children of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ʿad*": "preposition - until/unto",
"*ʿôlām*": "masculine singular noun - forever/eternity"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾāmar*": "say/speak/tell",
"*kārat*": "cut off/cut down/sever",
"*māyim*": "water/waters/fluid",
"*pānîm*": "face/before/presence",
"*ʿābar*": "cross over/pass through/traverse",
"*zikkārôn*": "memorial/remembrance/record",
"*ʿôlām*": "forever/eternity/ancient time"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Joshua.4.8",
"source": "וַיַּעֲשׂוּ־כֵ֣ן בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֘ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֣ה יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֒ וַיִּשְׂא֡וּ שְׁתֵּֽי־עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה אֲבָנִ֜ים מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ לְמִסְפַּ֖ר שִׁבְטֵ֣י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיַּעֲבִר֤וּם עִמָּם֙ אֶל־הַמָּל֔וֹן וַיַּנִּח֖וּם שָֽׁם׃",
"text": "And did *wa-yyaʿăśû* so *kēn* children of *bᵊnê* *yiśrāʾēl* according as *ka-ʾăšer* commanded *ṣiwwāh* *yᵊhôšūaʿ* and took up *wa-yyiśʾû* twelve *šᵊtê-ʿeśrēh* stones *ʾăbānîm* from midst of *mi-ttôk* the *ha-yardên* according as *ka-ʾăšer* spoke *dibber* *YHWH* unto *ʾel* *yᵊhôšūaʿ* according to number of *lə-mispar* tribes of *šibṭê* children of *bᵊnê* *yiśrāʾēl* and carried them over *wa-yyaʿăbirûm* with them *ʿimmām* unto *ʾel* the lodging place *ha-mmālôn* and set them down *wa-yyanniḥûm* there *šām*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yyaʿăśû*": "conjunction + imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they did",
"*kēn*": "adverb - so/thus",
"*bᵊnê*": "masculine plural construct - children/sons of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ka-ʾăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - according as/just as",
"*ṣiwwāh*": "perfect 3rd masculine singular - commanded",
"*yᵊhôšūaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*wa-yyiśʾû*": "conjunction + imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they took up",
"*šᵊtê-ʿeśrēh*": "cardinal number feminine - twelve",
"*ʾăbānîm*": "feminine plural noun - stones",
"*mi-ttôk*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - from midst of",
"*ha-yardên*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jordan",
"*dibber*": "perfect 3rd masculine singular - spoke",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - unto",
"*lə-mispar*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - according to number of",
"*šibṭê*": "masculine plural construct - tribes of",
"*wa-yyaʿăbirûm*": "conjunction + imperfect 3rd masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and they carried them over",
"*ʿimmām*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - with them",
"*ha-mmālôn*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the lodging place",
"*wa-yyanniḥûm*": "conjunction + imperfect 3rd masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and they set them down",
"*šām*": "adverb - there"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿāśāh*": "do/make/act",
"*ṣiwwāh*": "command/order/charge",
"*nāśāʾ*": "lift/carry/take up",
"*tôk*": "midst/middle/among",
"*dābar*": "speak/talk/say",
"*ʿābar*": "pass over/carry over/cross",
"*nûaḥ*": "rest/set down/deposit",
"*mālôn*": "lodging place/inn/camp site"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Joshua.4.9",
"source": "וּשְׁתֵּ֧ים עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה אֲבָנִ֗ים הֵקִ֣ים יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֮ בְּת֣וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּן֒ תַּ֗חַת מַצַּב֙ רַגְלֵ֣י הַכֹּהֲנִ֔ים נֹשְׂאֵ֖י אֲר֣וֹן הַבְּרִ֑ית וַיִּ֣הְיוּ שָׁ֔ם עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃",
"text": "And twelve *û-štêm ʿeśrēh* stones *ʾăbānîm* set up *hēqîm* *yᵊhôšūaʿ* in midst of *bə-tôk* the *ha-yardên* under *taḥat* standing place of *maṣṣab* feet of *raglê* the *ha-kōhănîm* bearing *nōśᵊʾê* ark of *ʾărôn* the *ha-bərît* and they are *wa-yyihyû* there *šām* until *ʿad* the *ha-yôm* the *ha-zzeh*",
"grammar": {
"*û-štêm ʿeśrēh*": "conjunction + cardinal number feminine - and twelve",
"*ʾăbānîm*": "feminine plural noun - stones",
"*hēqîm*": "perfect 3rd masculine singular - set up/established",
"*yᵊhôšūaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*bə-tôk*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - in midst of",
"*ha-yardên*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jordan",
"*taḥat*": "preposition - under/beneath",
"*maṣṣab*": "masculine singular construct - standing place of",
"*raglê*": "feminine plural construct - feet of",
"*ha-kōhănîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the priests",
"*nōśᵊʾê*": "masculine plural construct participle - bearers of/carrying",
"*ʾărôn*": "masculine singular construct - ark of",
"*ha-bərît*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the covenant",
"*wa-yyihyû*": "conjunction + imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they are/were",
"*šām*": "adverb - there",
"*ʿad*": "preposition - until",
"*ha-yôm*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the day",
"*ha-zzeh*": "definite article + masculine singular demonstrative pronoun - the this/this"
},
"variants": {
"*qûm*": "set up/establish/raise",
"*tôk*": "midst/middle/among",
"*taḥat*": "under/beneath/instead of",
"*maṣṣab*": "standing place/station/position",
"*nāśāʾ*": "bear/carry/lift",
"*bərît*": "covenant/agreement/treaty",
"*yôm*": "day/time/period"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Joshua.4.10",
"source": "וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֞ים נֹשְׂאֵ֣י הָאָר֗וֹן עֹמְדִים֮ בְּת֣וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּן֒ עַ֣ד תֹּ֣ם כָּֽל־הַ֠דָּבָר אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֨ה יְהוָ֤ה אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ לְדַבֵּ֣ר אֶל־הָעָ֔ם כְּכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ וַיְמַהֲר֥וּ הָעָ֖ם וֽ͏ַיַּעֲבֹֽרוּ׃",
"text": "And the *wə-ha-kōhănîm* bearing *nōśᵊʾê* the *hā-ʾārôn* standing *ʿōmədîm* in midst of *bə-tôk* the *ha-yardên* until *ʿad* completion of *tōm* all *kol* the *ha-dābār* which *ʾăšer* commanded *ṣiwwāh* *YHWH* *ʾet* *yᵊhôšūaʿ* to speak *lə-dabbēr* unto *ʾel* the *hā-ʿām* according to all *kə-kōl* which *ʾăšer* commanded *ṣiwwāh* *mōšeh* *ʾet* *yᵊhôšūaʿ*, and hastened *wa-yəmahărû* the *hā-ʿām* and passed over *wa-yyaʿăbōrû*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ha-kōhănîm*": "conjunction + definite article + masculine plural noun - and the priests",
"*nōśᵊʾê*": "masculine plural construct participle - bearers of/carrying",
"*hā-ʾārôn*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the ark",
"*ʿōmədîm*": "masculine plural participle - standing",
"*bə-tôk*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - in midst of",
"*ha-yardên*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jordan",
"*ʿad*": "preposition - until",
"*tōm*": "infinitive construct - completion of",
"*kol*": "masculine singular construct - all of",
"*ha-dābār*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the word/matter",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*ṣiwwāh*": "perfect 3rd masculine singular - commanded",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*yᵊhôšūaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*lə-dabbēr*": "preposition + infinitive construct - to speak",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - unto",
"*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the people",
"*kə-kōl*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - according to all",
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*wa-yəmahărû*": "conjunction + imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they hastened",
"*wa-yyaʿăbōrû*": "conjunction + imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they passed over"
},
"variants": {
"*nāśāʾ*": "bear/carry/lift",
"*ʿāmad*": "stand/remain/endure",
"*tôk*": "midst/middle/among",
"*tāmam*": "complete/finish/end",
"*dābār*": "word/matter/thing",
"*ṣiwwāh*": "command/order/charge",
"*dābar*": "speak/talk/say",
"*māhar*": "hasten/hurry/speed",
"*ʿābar*": "pass over/cross/traverse"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Joshua.4.11",
"source": "וַיְהִ֛י כּֽ͏ַאֲשֶׁר־תַּ֥ם כָּל־הָעָ֖ם לֽ͏ַעֲב֑וֹר וַיַּעֲבֹ֧ר אֲרוֹן־יְהוָ֛ה וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים לִפְנֵ֥י הָעָֽם׃",
"text": "And it came to pass *wa-yəhî* when *ka-ʾăšer* had finished *tam* all *kol* the *hā-ʿām* to cross over *la-ʿăbôr* then passed over *wa-yyaʿăbōr* ark of *ʾărôn* *YHWH* and the *wə-ha-kōhănîm* before *li-pnê* the *hā-ʿām*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it came to pass",
"*ka-ʾăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - when/as",
"*tam*": "perfect 3rd masculine singular - had finished/completed",
"*kol*": "masculine singular construct - all of",
"*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the people",
"*la-ʿăbôr*": "preposition + infinitive construct - to cross over",
"*wa-yyaʿăbōr*": "conjunction + imperfect 3rd masculine singular - then passed over",
"*ʾărôn*": "masculine singular construct - ark of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD",
"*wə-ha-kōhănîm*": "conjunction + definite article + masculine plural noun - and the priests",
"*li-pnê*": "preposition + plural construct - before/in front of",
"*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the people"
},
"variants": {
"*hāyāh*": "happen/come to pass/become",
"*tāmam*": "finish/complete/end",
"*ʿābar*": "pass over/cross over/traverse",
"*pānîm*": "face/presence/before"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Joshua.4.12",
"source": "וַ֠יַּעַבְרוּ בְּנֵי־רְאוּבֵ֨ן וּבְנֵי־גָ֜ד וַחֲצִ֨י שֵׁ֤בֶט הַֽמְנַשֶּׁה֙ חֲמֻשִׁ֔ים לִפְנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר דִּבֶּ֥ר אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם מֹשֶֽׁה׃",
"text": "And passed over *wa-yyaʿabrû* children of *bᵊnê* *rᵊʾûbēn* and children of *û-bᵊnê* *gād* and half *wa-ḥăṣî* tribe of *šēbeṭ* the *ha-mᵊnaššeh* armed *ḥămušîm* before *li-pnê* children of *bᵊnê* *yiśrāʾēl* according as *ka-ʾăšer* spoke *dibber* unto them *ʾălêhem* *mōšeh*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yyaʿabrû*": "conjunction + imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they passed over",
"*bᵊnê*": "masculine plural construct - children/sons of",
"*rᵊʾûbēn*": "proper noun - Reuben",
"*û-bᵊnê*": "conjunction + masculine plural construct - and children/sons of",
"*gād*": "proper noun - Gad",
"*wa-ḥăṣî*": "conjunction + masculine singular construct - and half of",
"*šēbeṭ*": "masculine singular construct - tribe of",
"*ha-mᵊnaššeh*": "definite article + proper noun - the Manasseh",
"*ḥămušîm*": "masculine plural passive participle - armed/equipped",
"*li-pnê*": "preposition + plural construct - before/in front of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ka-ʾăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - according as/just as",
"*dibber*": "perfect 3rd masculine singular - spoke",
"*ʾălêhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - unto them",
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿābar*": "pass over/cross over/traverse",
"*ḥăṣî*": "half/middle/division",
"*šēbeṭ*": "tribe/clan/rod",
"*ḥămušîm*": "armed/equipped/in battle array",
"*pānîm*": "face/presence/before",
"*dābar*": "speak/talk/say"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Joshua.4.13",
"source": "כְּאַרְבָּעִ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף חֲלוּצֵ֣י הַצָּבָ֑א עָבְר֞וּ לִפְנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה אֶ֖ל עַֽרְב֥וֹת יְרִיחֽוֹ׃ ס",
"text": "About forty *kə-ʾarbāʿîm* thousand *ʾelep* equipped of *ḥălûṣê* the *ha-ṣṣābāʾ* passed over *ʿābrû* before *li-pnê* *YHWH* for the *la-mmilḥāmāh* unto *ʾel* plains of *ʿarbôt* *yᵊrîḥô*",
"grammar": {
"*kə-ʾarbāʿîm*": "preposition + cardinal number - about forty",
"*ʾelep*": "masculine singular noun - thousand",
"*ḥălûṣê*": "masculine plural construct passive participle - equipped of/armed of",
"*ha-ṣṣābāʾ*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the army/host",
"*ʿābrû*": "perfect 3rd common plural - passed over",
"*li-pnê*": "preposition + plural construct - before/in front of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD",
"*la-mmilḥāmāh*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - for the battle/war",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - unto",
"*ʿarbôt*": "feminine plural construct - plains of",
"*yᵊrîḥô*": "proper noun - Jericho"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥālûṣ*": "equipped/armed/prepared",
"*ṣābāʾ*": "army/host/warfare",
"*ʿābar*": "pass over/cross over/traverse",
"*pānîm*": "face/presence/before",
"*milḥāmāh*": "battle/war/fighting",
"*ʿarbôt*": "plains/desert plains/steppes"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Joshua.4.14",
"source": "בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא גִּדַּ֤ל יְהוָה֙ אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ בְּעֵינֵ֖י כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּֽרְא֣וּ אֹת֔וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר יָרְא֥וּ אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֖ה כָּל־יְמֵ֥י חַיָּֽיו׃ פ",
"text": "In the *ba-yyôm* the *ha-hûʾ* magnified *giddal* *YHWH* *ʾet* *yᵊhôšūaʿ* in eyes of *bə-ʿênê* all *kol* *yiśrāʾēl* and they feared *wa-yyîrᵊʾû* him *ʾōtô* according as *ka-ʾăšer* they feared *yārᵊʾû* *ʾet* *mōšeh* all *kol* days of *yᵊmê* his life *ḥayyāyw*",
"grammar": {
"*ba-yyôm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - in the day",
"*ha-hûʾ*": "definite article + 3rd person masculine singular pronoun - the that/that",
"*giddal*": "perfect 3rd masculine singular piel - magnified/made great",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*yᵊhôšūaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*bə-ʿênê*": "preposition + feminine dual construct - in eyes of",
"*kol*": "masculine singular construct - all of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*wa-yyîrᵊʾû*": "conjunction + imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they feared",
"*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - him",
"*ka-ʾăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - according as/just as",
"*yārᵊʾû*": "perfect 3rd common plural - they feared",
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*yᵊmê*": "masculine plural construct - days of",
"*ḥayyāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his life"
},
"variants": {
"*gādal*": "magnify/make great/exalt",
"*ʿayin*": "eye/sight/appearance",
"*yārēʾ*": "fear/revere/be afraid",
"*yôm*": "day/time/period",
"*ḥayyîm*": "life/lifetime/living"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Joshua.4.15",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ לֵאמֹֽר׃",
"text": "And spoke *wa-yyōʾmer* *YHWH* unto *ʾel* *yᵊhôšūaʿ* saying *lēʾmōr*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yyōʾmer*": "conjunction + imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he spoke/said",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - unto",
"*yᵊhôšūaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + infinitive construct - saying"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾāmar*": "say/speak/tell"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Joshua.4.16",
"source": "צַוֵּה֙ אֶת־הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים נֹשְׂאֵ֖י אֲר֣וֹן הָעֵד֑וּת וְיַעֲל֖וּ מִן־הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃",
"text": "Command *ṣawwēh* *ʾet* the *ha-kōhănîm* bearing *nōśᵊʾê* ark of *ʾărôn* the *hā-ʿēdût* and let them come up *wə-yaʿălû* from *min* the *ha-yardên*",
"grammar": {
"*ṣawwēh*": "imperative masculine singular - command",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ha-kōhănîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the priests",
"*nōśᵊʾê*": "masculine plural construct participle - bearers of/carrying",
"*ʾărôn*": "masculine singular construct - ark of",
"*hā-ʿēdût*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the testimony",
"*wə-yaʿălû*": "conjunction + imperfect 3rd masculine plural jussive - and let them come up",
"*min*": "preposition - from",
"*ha-yardên*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jordan"
},
"variants": {
"*ṣāwāh*": "command/order/charge",
"*nāśāʾ*": "bear/carry/lift",
"*ʿēdût*": "testimony/witness/evidence",
"*ʿālāh*": "come up/ascend/go up"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Joshua.4.17",
"source": "וַיְצַ֣ו יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ אֶת־הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים לֵאמֹ֑ר עֲל֖וּ מִן־הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃",
"text": "And commanded *wa-yəṣaw* *yᵊhôšūaʿ* *ʾet* the *ha-kōhănîm* saying *lēʾmōr*, Come up *ʿălû* from *min* the *ha-yardên*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yəṣaw*": "conjunction + imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he commanded",
"*yᵊhôšūaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ha-kōhănîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the priests",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + infinitive construct - saying",
"*ʿălû*": "imperative plural masculine - come up",
"*min*": "preposition - from",
"*ha-yardên*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jordan"
},
"variants": {
"*ṣāwāh*": "command/order/charge",
"*ʿālāh*": "come up/ascend/go up"
}
}
18 {
"verseID": "Joshua.4.18",
"source": "וַ֠יְהִי *בעלות **כַּעֲל֨וֹת הַכֹּהֲנִ֜ים נֹשְׂאֵ֨י אֲר֤וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָה֙ מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן נִתְּק֗וּ כַּפּוֹת֙ רַגְלֵ֣י הַכֹּהֲנִ֔ים אֶ֖ל הֶחָרָבָ֑ה וַיָּשֻׁ֤בוּ מֵֽי־הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ לִמְקוֹמָ֔ם וַיֵּלְכ֥וּ כִתְמוֹל־שִׁלְשׁ֖וֹם עַל־כָּל־גְּדוֹתָֽיו׃",
"text": "And it came to pass *wa-yəhî* when coming up *ka-ʿălôt* the *ha-kōhănîm* bearing *nōśᵊʾê* ark of *ʾărôn* covenant of *bərît* *YHWH* from midst of *mi-ttôk* the *ha-yardên*, were drawn out *nittəqû* soles of *kappôt* feet of *raglê* the *ha-kōhănîm* unto *ʾel* the dry ground *he-ḥārābāh* and returned *wa-yyāšubû* waters of *mê* the *ha-yardên* to their place *li-mqômām* and went *wa-yyēlkû* as yesterday and third day *ki-tmôl-šilšôm* upon *ʿal* all *kol* its banks *gədôtāyw*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it came to pass",
"*ka-ʿălôt*": "preposition + infinitive construct - when coming up",
"*ha-kōhănîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the priests",
"*nōśᵊʾê*": "masculine plural construct participle - bearers of/carrying",
"*ʾărôn*": "masculine singular construct - ark of",
"*bərît*": "feminine singular construct - covenant of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD",
"*mi-ttôk*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - from midst of",
"*ha-yardên*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jordan",
"*nittəqû*": "perfect 3rd common plural niphal - were drawn out/pulled away",
"*kappôt*": "feminine plural construct - soles of/palms of",
"*raglê*": "feminine plural construct - feet of",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - unto",
"*he-ḥārābāh*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the dry ground",
"*wa-yyāšubû*": "conjunction + imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they returned",
"*mê*": "masculine plural construct - waters of",
"*li-mqômām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to their place",
"*wa-yyēlkû*": "conjunction + imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they went",
"*ki-tmôl-šilšôm*": "preposition + adverbial phrase - as yesterday and third day (as before)",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon",
"*kol*": "masculine singular construct - all of",
"*gədôtāyw*": "feminine plural noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its banks"
},
"variants": {
"*hāyāh*": "happen/come to pass/become",
"*ʿālāh*": "come up/ascend/go up",
"*nāśāʾ*": "bear/carry/lift",
"*bərît*": "covenant/agreement/treaty",
"*tôk*": "midst/middle/among",
"*nātaq*": "draw out/pull away/tear away",
"*kaf*": "sole/palm/hollow",
"*ḥārābāh*": "dry ground/dry land",
"*šûb*": "return/turn back/go back",
"*māyim*": "water/waters/fluid",
"*māqôm*": "place/location/spot",
"*hālak*": "go/walk/travel",
"*tmôl-šilšôm*": "yesterday and the day before/previously/as before",
"*gādāh*": "bank/shore/edge"
}
}
19 {
"verseID": "Joshua.4.19",
"source": "וְהָעָ֗ם עָלוּ֙ מִן־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן בֶּעָשׂ֖וֹר לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֑וֹן וַֽיַּחֲנוּ֙ בַּגִּלְגָּ֔ל בִּקְצֵ֖ה מִזְרַ֥ח יְרִיחֽוֹ׃",
"text": "And the *wə-hā-ʿām* came up *ʿālû* from *min* the *ha-yardên* on tenth *be-ʿāśôr* of the *la-ḥōdeš* the *hā-riʾšôn* and encamped *wa-yyaḥănû* in the *ba-ggilgāl* in border of *bi-qṣēh* east *mizraḥ* *yᵊrîḥô*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-hā-ʿām*": "conjunction + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the people",
"*ʿālû*": "perfect 3rd common plural - came up",
"*min*": "preposition - from",
"*ha-yardên*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jordan",
"*be-ʿāśôr*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - on tenth",
"*la-ḥōdeš*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - of the month",
"*hā-riʾšôn*": "definite article + ordinal number masculine singular - the first",
"*wa-yyaḥănû*": "conjunction + imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they encamped",
"*ba-ggilgāl*": "preposition + definite article + proper noun - in the Gilgal",
"*bi-qṣēh*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - in border/edge of",
"*mizraḥ*": "masculine singular construct - east of",
"*yᵊrîḥô*": "proper noun - Jericho"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿālāh*": "come up/ascend/go up",
"*ʿāśôr*": "tenth/tenth day",
"*ḥōdeš*": "month/new moon",
"*riʾšôn*": "first/primary/beginning",
"*ḥānāh*": "encamp/camp/pitch",
"*qāṣeh*": "border/edge/end",
"*mizraḥ*": "east/sunrise direction"
}
}
20 {
"verseID": "Joshua.4.20",
"source": "וְאֵת֩ שְׁתֵּ֨ים עֶשְׂרֵ֤ה הָֽאֲבָנִים֙ הָאֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָקְח֖וּ מִן־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן הֵקִ֥ים יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ בַּגִּלְגָּֽל׃",
"text": "And *wə-ʾēt* twelve *šᵊtêm ʿeśrēh* the *hā-ʾăbānîm* these *hā-ʾēlleh* which *ʾăšer* they took *lāqḥû* from *min* the *ha-yardên* set up *hēqîm* *yᵊhôšūaʿ* in the *ba-ggilgāl*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾēt*": "conjunction + direct object marker",
"*šᵊtêm ʿeśrēh*": "cardinal number feminine - twelve",
"*hā-ʾăbānîm*": "definite article + feminine plural noun - the stones",
"*hā-ʾēlleh*": "definite article + common plural demonstrative pronoun - these",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which",
"*lāqḥû*": "perfect 3rd common plural - they took",
"*min*": "preposition - from",
"*ha-yardên*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jordan",
"*hēqîm*": "perfect 3rd masculine singular - set up/established",
"*yᵊhôšūaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*ba-ggilgāl*": "preposition + definite article + proper noun - in the Gilgal"
},
"variants": {
"*lāqaḥ*": "take/get/fetch",
"*qûm*": "set up/establish/raise"
}
}
21 {
"verseID": "Joshua.4.21",
"source": "וַיֹּ֛אמֶר אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר אֲשֶׁר֩ יִשְׁאָל֨וּן בְּנֵיכֶ֤ם מָחָר֙ אֶת־אֲבוֹתָ֣ם לֵאמֹ֔ר מָ֖ה הָאֲבָנִ֥ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃",
"text": "And said *wa-yyōʾmer* unto *ʾel* children of *bᵊnê* *yiśrāʾēl* saying *lēʾmōr*, When *ʾăšer* ask *yišʾālûn* your children *bᵊnêkem* tomorrow *māḥār* *ʾet* their fathers *ʾăbôtām* saying *lēʾmōr*, What *māh* the stones *hā-ʾăbānîm* these *hā-ʾēlleh*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yyōʾmer*": "conjunction + imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - unto",
"*bᵊnê*": "masculine plural construct - children/sons of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + infinitive construct - saying",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - when/which",
"*yišʾālûn*": "imperfect 3rd masculine plural - ask",
"*bᵊnêkem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your sons/children",
"*māḥār*": "adverb - tomorrow/in future time",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ʾăbôtām*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their fathers",
"*māh*": "interrogative pronoun - what",
"*hā-ʾăbānîm*": "definite article + feminine plural noun - the stones",
"*hā-ʾēlleh*": "definite article + common plural demonstrative pronoun - these"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾāmar*": "say/speak/tell",
"*šāʾal*": "ask/inquire/request",
"*māḥār*": "tomorrow/in the future/in time to come",
"*ʾāb*": "father/ancestor/forefather"
}
}
22 {
"verseID": "Joshua.4.22",
"source": "וְהוֹדַעְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־בְּנֵיכֶ֣ם לֵאמֹ֑ר בַּיַּבָּשָׁה֙ עָבַ֣ר יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן הַזֶּֽה׃",
"text": "Then shall make known *wə-hôdaʿtem* *ʾet* your children *bᵊnêkem* saying *lēʾmōr*, On dry ground *ba-yyabbāšāh* crossed over *ʿābar* *yiśrāʾēl* *ʾet* the *ha-yardên* this *ha-zzeh*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-hôdaʿtem*": "conjunction + perfect 2nd masculine plural hiphil - then shall make known",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*bᵊnêkem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your sons/children",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + infinitive construct - saying",
"*ba-yyabbāšāh*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - on dry ground",
"*ʿābar*": "perfect 3rd masculine singular - crossed over",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ha-yardên*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jordan",
"*ha-zzeh*": "definite article + masculine singular demonstrative pronoun - this"
},
"variants": {
"*yādaʿ*": "know/make known/understand",
"*yabbāšāh*": "dry ground/dry land",
"*ʿābar*": "cross over/pass through/traverse"
}
}
23 {
"verseID": "Joshua.4.23",
"source": "אֲשֶׁר־הוֹבִישׁ֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֜ם אֶת־מֵ֧י הַיַּרְדֵּ֛ן מִפְּנֵיכֶ֖ם עַֽד־עָבְרְכֶ֑ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂה֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֧ם לְיַם־ס֛וּף אֲשֶׁר־הוֹבִ֥ישׁ מִפָּנֵ֖ינוּ עַד־עָבְרֵֽנוּ׃",
"text": "Which *ʾăšer* dried up *hôbîš* *YHWH* your God *ʾĕlōhêkem* *ʾet* waters of *mê* the *ha-yardên* from before you *mi-ppənêkem* until *ʿad* your crossing over *ʿobrəkem* as *ka-ʾăšer* did *ʿāśāh* *YHWH* your God *ʾĕlōhêkem* to sea of *lə-yam* *sûp* which *ʾăšer* he dried up *hôbîš* from before us *mi-ppānênû* until *ʿad* our crossing over *ʿobrēnû*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*hôbîš*": "perfect 3rd masculine singular hiphil - dried up/made dry",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD",
"*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your God",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*mê*": "masculine plural construct - waters of",
"*ha-yardên*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jordan",
"*mi-ppənêkem*": "preposition + plural noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - from before you",
"*ʿad*": "preposition - until",
"*ʿobrəkem*": "infinitive construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your crossing over",
"*ka-ʾăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - as/just as",
"*ʿāśāh*": "perfect 3rd masculine singular - did/made",
"*lə-yam*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - to sea of",
"*sûp*": "proper noun - Reed/Red",
"*mi-ppānênû*": "preposition + plural noun + 1st person common plural suffix - from before us",
"*ʿobrēnû*": "infinitive construct + 1st person common plural suffix - our crossing over"
},
"variants": {
"*yābēš*": "dry up/make dry/wither",
"*māyim*": "water/waters/fluid",
"*pānîm*": "face/presence/before",
"*ʿābar*": "cross over/pass through/traverse",
"*ʿāśāh*": "do/make/act",
"*yām*": "sea/large body of water",
"*sûp*": "reed/end/Red Sea"
}
}
24 {
"verseID": "Joshua.4.24",
"source": "לְ֠מַעַן דַּ֜עַת כָּל־עַמֵּ֤י הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ אֶת־יַ֣ד יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֥י חֲזָקָ֖ה הִ֑יא לְמַ֧עַן יְרָאתֶ֛ם אֶת־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃ ס",
"text": "In order that *lə-maʿan* know *daʿat* all *kol* peoples of *ʿammê* the *hā-ʾāreṣ* *ʾet* hand of *yad* *YHWH* that *kî* mighty *ḥăzāqāh* it *hîʾ*, in order that *lə-maʿan* you might fear *yərāʾtem* *ʾet* *YHWH* your God *ʾĕlōhêkem* all *kol* the *ha-yyāmîm*",
"grammar": {
"*lə-maʿan*": "preposition + conjunction - in order that/so that",
"*daʿat*": "infinitive construct - know/knowing",
"*kol*": "masculine singular construct - all of",
"*ʿammê*": "masculine plural construct - peoples of",
"*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the earth/land",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*yad*": "feminine singular construct - hand of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD",
"*kî*": "conjunction - that/because",
"*ḥăzāqāh*": "adjective feminine singular - mighty/strong",
"*hîʾ*": "3rd person feminine singular pronoun - it/she",
"*yərāʾtem*": "perfect 2nd masculine plural - you might fear",
"*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your God",
"*ha-yyāmîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the days"
},
"variants": {
"*maʿan*": "purpose/intent/reason",
"*yādaʿ*": "know/understand/perceive",
"*ʿam*": "people/nation/folk",
"*ʾereṣ*": "earth/land/ground",
"*yād*": "hand/power/control",
"*ḥāzāq*": "strong/mighty/powerful",
"*yārēʾ*": "fear/revere/be afraid",
"*yôm*": "day/time/period"
}
}