14{
"verseID": "Isaiah.44.14",
"source": "לִכְרָת־ל֣וֹ אֲרָזִ֔ים וַיִּקַּ֤ח תִּרְזָה֙ וְאַלּ֔וֹן וַיְאַמֶּץ־ל֖וֹ בַּעֲצֵי־יָ֑עַר נָטַ֥ע אֹ֖רֶן וְגֶ֥שֶׁם יְגַדֵּֽל׃",
"text": "*liḵrāṯ-lô* *ʾărāzîm* *wayyiqqaḥ* *tirzāh* *wə-ʾallôn* *wayʾammeṣ-lô* *baʿăṣê-yāʿar* *nāṭaʿ* *ʾōren* *wə-ḡešem* *yəḡaddēl*",
"grammar": {
"*liḵrāṯ-lô*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct + preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to cut down for himself",
"*ʾărāzîm*": "noun, masculine plural - cedars",
"*wayyiqqaḥ*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he takes",
"*tirzāh*": "noun, feminine singular - cypress/evergreen oak",
"*wə-ʾallôn*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and oak",
"*wayʾammeṣ-lô*": "conjunction + verb, piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular + preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and he selects for himself",
"*baʿăṣê-yāʿar*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + noun, masculine singular - among the trees of forest",
"*nāṭaʿ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he plants",
"*ʾōren*": "noun, masculine singular - pine/ash tree",
"*wə-ḡešem*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and rain",
"*yəḡaddēl*": "verb, piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - makes grow"
},
"variants": {
"*liḵrāṯ*": "to cut down/to cut off/to fell",
"*ʾărāzîm*": "cedars/cedar trees",
"*tirzāh*": "cypress/holm oak/evergreen oak",
"*ʾallôn*": "oak/oak tree",
"*yʾammeṣ*": "selects/strengthens/secures",
"*ʿăṣê-yāʿar*": "trees of forest/forest trees/woodland trees",
"*ʾōren*": "pine/ash/fir",
"*yəḡaddēl*": "makes grow/nurtures/raises up"
}
}
15{
"verseID": "Isaiah.44.15",
"source": "וְהָיָ֤ה לְאָדָם֙ לְבָעֵ֔ר וַיִּקַּ֤ח מֵהֶם֙ וַיָּ֔חָם אַף־יַשִּׂ֖יק וְאָ֣פָה לָ֑חֶם אַף־יִפְעַל־אֵל֙ וַיִּשְׁתָּ֔חוּ עָשָׂ֥הוּ פֶ֖סֶל וַיִּסְגָּד־לָֽמוֹ׃",
"text": "*wəhāyāh* *ləʾādām* *ləḇāʿēr* *wayyiqqaḥ* *mēhem* *wayyāḥām* *ʾap̄-yaśśîq* *wəʾāp̄āh* *lāḥem* *ʾap̄-yip̄ʿal-ʾēl* *wayyištāḥû* *ʿāśāhû* *p̄esel* *wayyisggād-lāmô*",
"grammar": {
"*wəhāyāh*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and it becomes",
"*ləʾādām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - for a person",
"*ləḇāʿēr*": "preposition + verb, piel infinitive construct - for burning",
"*wayyiqqaḥ*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he takes",
"*mēhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - from them",
"*wayyāḥām*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he warms himself",
"*ʾap̄-yaśśîq*": "adverb + verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - indeed he kindles",
"*wəʾāp̄āh*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and bakes",
"*lāḥem*": "noun, masculine singular - bread",
"*ʾap̄-yip̄ʿal-ʾēl*": "adverb + verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular + noun, masculine singular - indeed he makes a god",
"*wayyištāḥû*": "conjunction + verb, hishtaphel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he worships",
"*ʿāśāhû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he makes it",
"*p̄esel*": "noun, masculine singular - an idol",
"*wayyisggād-lāmô*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular + preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix (archaic) - and he bows down to it"
},
"variants": {
"*ləḇāʿēr*": "for burning/for fuel/for kindling",
"*wayyāḥām*": "and he warms himself/and he gets warm",
"*yaśśîq*": "he kindles/he lights/he sets ablaze",
"*ʾāp̄āh*": "bakes/prepares",
"*yip̄ʿal-ʾēl*": "he makes a god/he fashions a deity",
"*yištāḥû*": "he worships/he bows down/he prostrates himself",
"*p̄esel*": "idol/carved image/graven image",
"*yisggād*": "he bows down/he prostrates himself/he worships"
}
}
16{
"verseID": "Isaiah.44.16",
"source": "חֶצְיוֹ֙ שָׂרַ֣ף בְּמוֹ־אֵ֔שׁ עַל־חֶצְיוֹ֙ בָּשָׂ֣ר יֹאכֵ֔ל יִצְלֶ֥ה צָלִ֖י וְיִשְׂבָּ֑ע אַף־יָחֹם֙ וְיֹאמַ֣ר הֶאָ֔ח חַמּוֹתִ֖י רָאִ֥יתִי אֽוּר׃",
"text": "*ḥeṣyô* *śārap̄* *bəmô-ʾēš* *ʿal-ḥeṣyô* *bāśār* *yōʾḵēl* *yiṣleh* *ṣālî* *wəyiśbāʿ* *ʾap̄-yāḥōm* *wəyōʾmar* *heʾāḥ* *ḥammôṯî* *rāʾîṯî* *ʾûr*",
"grammar": {
"*ḥeṣyô*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - half of it",
"*śārap̄*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he burns",
"*bəmô-ʾēš*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - in fire",
"*ʿal-ḥeṣyô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - upon half of it",
"*bāśār*": "noun, masculine singular - meat/flesh",
"*yōʾḵēl*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he eats",
"*yiṣleh*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he roasts",
"*ṣālî*": "noun, masculine singular - roast meat",
"*wəyiśbāʿ*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he is satisfied",
"*ʾap̄-yāḥōm*": "adverb + verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - indeed he warms himself",
"*wəyōʾmar*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he says",
"*heʾāḥ*": "interjection - aha",
"*ḥammôṯî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I am warm",
"*rāʾîṯî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have seen",
"*ʾûr*": "noun, masculine singular - fire/flame"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥeṣyô*": "half of it/part of it",
"*bəmô-ʾēš*": "in fire/in the fire",
"*bāśār*": "meat/flesh/food",
"*yiṣleh ṣālî*": "he roasts meat/he prepares roasted food",
"*yiśbāʿ*": "he is satisfied/he is filled/he has enough",
"*yāḥōm*": "he warms himself/he gets warm",
"*heʾāḥ*": "aha/ah/hurrah (expression of satisfaction)",
"*ʾûr*": "fire/flame/light"
}
}