1 Sam 17:1-9 : 1 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.1",
"source": "וַיַּאַסְפ֨וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֤ים אֶת־מַֽחֲנֵיהֶם֙ לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וַיֵּאָ֣סְפ֔וּ שֹׂכֹ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר לִיהוּדָ֑ה וַֽיַּחֲנ֛וּ בֵּין־שׂוֹכֹ֥ה וּבֵין־עֲזֵקָ֖ה בְּאֶ֥פֶס דַּמִּֽים׃",
"text": "And *wə-* *ʾāsap̄* *Pəlištîm* *ʾēt*-*maḥănēhem* for the *milḥāmâ*, and they *ʾāsap̄* to *Śōḵōh* which belonged to *Yəhûdâ*; and they *ḥānâ* between-*Śōḵōh* and between-*ʿĂzēqâ* in *ʾep̄es dammîm*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-*": "conjunction - and",
"*ʾāsap̄*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw-consecutive - gathered/assembled",
"*Pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines",
"*ʾēt*": "direct object marker",
"*maḥănēhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their camps/armies",
"*milḥāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - battle/war",
"*Śōḵōh*": "proper noun - Socoh",
"*Yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah",
"*ḥānâ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw-consecutive - they encamped/pitched camp",
"*ʿĂzēqâ*": "proper noun - Azekah",
"*ʾep̄es dammîm*": "proper noun - Ephes-dammim ('boundary of blood')"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾāsap̄*": "gathered/assembled/collected",
"*maḥănēhem*": "their camps/their armies",
"*ḥānâ*": "encamped/pitched camp/settled",
"*ʾep̄es dammîm*": "end of blood/boundary of blood/ceasing of blood"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.2",
"source": "וְשָׁא֤וּל וְאִֽישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ נֶאֶסְפ֔וּ וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּעֵ֣מֶק הָאֵלָ֑ה וַיַּעַרְכ֥וּ מִלְחָמָ֖ה לִקְרַ֥את פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃",
"text": "And *Šāʾûl* and *ʾîš*-*Yiśrāʾēl* were *ʾāsap̄*, and they *ḥānâ* in *ʿēmeq* the-*ʾēlâ*; and they *ʿāraḵ* *milḥāmâ* to *qirʾat* *Pəlištîm*.",
"grammar": {
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*ʾîš*-*Yiśrāʾēl*": "construct phrase - men of Israel",
"*ʾāsap̄*": "Niphal perfect 3rd person masculine plural - were gathered/assembled",
"*ḥānâ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw-consecutive - they encamped",
"*ʿēmeq*": "noun, masculine singular construct - valley of",
"*ʾēlâ*": "noun with definite article - the terebinth/oak",
"*ʿāraḵ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw-consecutive - they arranged/set in order",
"*milḥāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - battle/war",
"*qirʾat*": "preposition with infinitive construct - to meet/against",
"*Pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾîš*-*Yiśrāʾēl*": "men of Israel/Israelites",
"*ʿēmeq* the-*ʾēlâ*": "Valley of Elah/Valley of the Terebinth",
"*ʿāraḵ*": "arranged/set in order/prepared",
"*qirʾat*": "to meet/against/in opposition to"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.3",
"source": "וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֞ים עֹמְדִ֤ים אֶל־הָהָר֙ מִזֶּ֔ה וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל עֹמְדִ֥ים אֶל־הָהָ֖ר מִזֶּ֑ה וְהַגַּ֖יְא בֵּינֵיהֶֽם׃",
"text": "And *Pəlištîm* *ʿāmad* toward-the-*hār* from this [side], and *Yiśrāʾēl* *ʿāmad* toward-the-*hār* from that [side]; and the-*gayʾ* [was] between them.",
"grammar": {
"*Pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines",
"*ʿāmad*": "Qal participle masculine plural - standing",
"*hār*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the mountain/hill",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*gayʾ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the valley/ravine"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿāmad*": "standing/positioned/taking their stand",
"*hār*": "mountain/hill",
"*gayʾ*": "valley/ravine/gorge"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.4",
"source": "וַיֵּצֵ֤א אִֽישׁ־הַבֵּנַ֙יִם֙ מִמַּחֲנ֣וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים גָּלְיָ֥ת שְׁמ֖וֹ מִגַּ֑ת גָּבְה֕וֹ שֵׁ֥שׁ אַמּ֖וֹת וָזָֽרֶת׃",
"text": "And there *yāṣāʾ* *ʾîš*-the-*bênayim* from *maḥănôt* *Pəlištîm*, *Golyāt* [was] his *šēm*, from *Gat*; his *gābōah* [was] six *ʾammôt* and a *zeret*.",
"grammar": {
"*yāṣāʾ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw-consecutive - came out/went forth",
"*ʾîš*-the-*bênayim*": "construct phrase with definite article - champion/man of the between (literally: man of the midst)",
"*maḥănôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - camps of",
"*Pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines",
"*Golyāt*": "proper noun - Goliath",
"*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular - name",
"*Gat*": "proper noun - Gath",
"*gābōah*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his height",
"*ʾammôt*": "noun, feminine plural - cubits",
"*zeret*": "noun, masculine singular - span"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾîš*-the-*bênayim*": "champion/man of the midst/man between the two armies",
"*maḥănôt*": "camps/armies",
"*gābōah*": "height/stature/tallness",
"*ʾammôt*": "cubits (approximately 18 inches each)",
"*zeret*": "span (approximately 9 inches)"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.5",
"source": "וְכ֤וֹבַע נְחֹ֙שֶׁת֙ עַל־רֹאשׁ֔וֹ וְשִׁרְי֥וֹן קַשְׂקַשִּׂ֖ים ה֣וּא לָב֑וּשׁ וּמִשְׁקַל֙ הַשִּׁרְי֔וֹן חֲמֵשֶׁת־אֲלָפִ֥ים שְׁקָלִ֖ים נְחֹֽשֶֽׁת׃",
"text": "And [a] *kôḇaʿ* of *nəḥōšet* [was] on his *rōʾš*, and [a] *širyôn* of *qaśqaśîm* he was *lāḇûš*; and [the] *mišqal* of the-*širyôn* [was] five-*ʾălāp̄îm* *šəqālîm* [of] *nəḥōšet*.",
"grammar": {
"*kôḇaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - helmet of",
"*nəḥōšet*": "noun, feminine singular - bronze/copper",
"*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his head",
"*širyôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - coat of mail/armor",
"*qaśqaśîm*": "noun, masculine plural - scales/plates",
"*lāḇûš*": "Qal passive participle masculine singular - clothed/wearing",
"*mišqal*": "noun, masculine singular construct - weight of",
"*ʾălāp̄îm*": "noun, masculine plural - thousands",
"*šəqālîm*": "noun, masculine plural - shekels"
},
"variants": {
"*kôḇaʿ*": "helmet/headpiece",
"*nəḥōšet*": "bronze/copper/brass",
"*širyôn*": "coat of mail/armor/breastplate",
"*qaśqaśîm*": "scales/plates/links",
"*lāḇûš*": "clothed/dressed/wearing",
"*šəqālîm*": "shekels (unit of weight, approximately 11.5 grams each)"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.6",
"source": "וּמִצְחַ֥ת נְחֹ֖שֶׁת עַל־רַגְלָ֑יו וְכִיד֥וֹן נְחֹ֖שֶׁת בֵּ֥ין כְּתֵפָֽיו׃",
"text": "And [a] *miṣḥat* [of] *nəḥōšet* [was] on his *raḡlayim*, and [a] *kîḏôn* [of] *nəḥōšet* [was] between his *kətēp̄āyw*.",
"grammar": {
"*miṣḥat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - greaves/leg armor",
"*nəḥōšet*": "noun, feminine singular - bronze/copper",
"*raḡlayim*": "noun, feminine dual with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his legs/feet",
"*kîḏôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - javelin/spear",
"*kətēp̄āyw*": "noun, feminine dual with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his shoulders"
},
"variants": {
"*miṣḥat*": "greaves/leg armor/shin guards",
"*nəḥōšet*": "bronze/copper/brass",
"*raḡlayim*": "legs/feet",
"*kîḏôn*": "javelin/short spear/scimitar",
"*kətēp̄āyw*": "shoulders/shoulder blades"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.7",
"source": "וְעֵ֣ץ חֲנִית֗וֹ כִּמְנוֹר֙ אֹֽרְגִ֔ים וְלַהֶ֣בֶת חֲנִית֔וֹ שֵׁשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת שְׁקָלִ֖ים בַּרְזֶ֑ל וְנֹשֵׂ֥א הַצִּנָּ֖ה הֹלֵ֥ךְ לְפָנָֽיו׃",
"text": "And [the] *ʿēṣ* [of] his *ḥănît* [was] like [a] *mənôr* [of] *ʾōrəḡîm*, and [the] *laheḇet* [of] his *ḥănît* [was] six-hundred *šəqālîm* [of] *barzel*; and [the] *nōśēʾ* [of] the-*ṣinnâ* was *hālaḵ* before him.",
"grammar": {
"*ʿēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - shaft/wood/staff of",
"*ḥănît*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his spear",
"*mənôr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - beam of",
"*ʾōrəḡîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural - weavers",
"*laheḇet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - head/blade of",
"*šəqālîm*": "noun, masculine plural - shekels",
"*barzel*": "noun, masculine singular - iron",
"*nōśēʾ*": "Qal participle masculine singular construct - bearer of",
"*ṣinnâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the shield",
"*hālaḵ*": "Qal participle masculine singular - walking/going"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿēṣ*": "shaft/wood/staff",
"*ḥănît*": "spear/lance",
"*mənôr*": "beam/rod/weaver's beam",
"*ʾōrəḡîm*": "weavers/those who weave",
"*laheḇet*": "head/blade/point",
"*barzel*": "iron/metal",
"*nōśēʾ*": "bearer/carrier",
"*ṣinnâ*": "large shield/buckler"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.8",
"source": "וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֗ד וַיִּקְרָא֙ אֶל־מַעַרְכֹ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֔ם לָ֥מָּה תֵצְא֖וּ לַעֲרֹ֣ךְ מִלְחָמָ֑ה הֲל֧וֹא אָנֹכִ֣י הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֗י וְאַתֶּם֙ עֲבָדִ֣ים לְשָׁא֔וּל בְּרוּ־לָכֶ֥ם אִ֖ישׁ וְיֵרֵ֥ד אֵלָֽי׃",
"text": "And he *ʿāmad* and *qārāʾ* to-*maʿărāḵôt* *Yiśrāʾēl* and *ʾāmar* to them, 'Why *yāṣāʾ* you to *ʿāraḵ* *milḥāmâ*? [Am] not *ʾānōḵî* the-*Pəlištî*, and you [are] *ʿăḇāḏîm* to *Šāʾûl*? *bārā*-for yourselves [an] *ʾîš* and let him *yārad* to me.'",
"grammar": {
"*ʿāmad*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw-consecutive - he stood",
"*qārāʾ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw-consecutive - he called",
"*maʿărāḵôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - battle lines/ranks of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ʾāmar*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw-consecutive - he said",
"*yāṣāʾ*": "Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you come out",
"*ʿāraḵ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to arrange/set in order",
"*milḥāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - battle/war",
"*ʾānōḵî*": "personal pronoun 1st person singular - I",
"*Pəlištî*": "gentilic adjective masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine",
"*ʿăḇāḏîm*": "noun, masculine plural - servants/slaves",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*bārā*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - choose",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man",
"*yārad*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular jussive - let him come down"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿāmad*": "stood/took a stand/positioned himself",
"*qārāʾ*": "called/cried out/proclaimed",
"*maʿărāḵôt*": "battle lines/ranks/armies",
"*yāṣāʾ*": "come out/go forth",
"*ʿāraḵ*": "arrange/draw up/set in order",
"*ʿăḇāḏîm*": "servants/slaves",
"*bārā*": "choose/select",
"*yārad*": "come down/descend"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.9",
"source": "אִם־יוּכַ֞ל לְהִלָּחֵ֤ם אִתִּי֙ וְהִכָּ֔נִי וְהָיִ֥ינוּ לָכֶ֖ם לַעֲבָדִ֑ים וְאִם־אֲנִ֤י אֽוּכַל־לוֹ֙ וְהִכִּיתִ֔יו וִהְיִ֤יתֶם לָ֙נוּ֙ לַעֲבָדִ֔ים וַעֲבַדְתֶּ֖ם אֹתָֽנוּ׃",
"text": "If he *yāḵōl* to *lāḥam* with me and *nāḵâ* me, then we will *hāyâ* to you as *ʿăḇāḏîm*; but if *ʾănî* *yāḵōl*-him and *nāḵâ* him, then you will *hāyâ* to us as *ʿăḇāḏîm* and you will *ʿāḇad* us.",
"grammar": {
"*yāḵōl*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he is able/can",
"*lāḥam*": "Niphal infinitive construct - to fight",
"*nāḵâ*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - he strikes/kills me",
"*hāyâ*": "Qal perfect 1st person plural - we will be",
"*ʿăḇāḏîm*": "noun, masculine plural - servants/slaves",
"*ʾănî*": "personal pronoun 1st person singular - I",
"*yāḵōl*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular - I am able/can",
"*nāḵâ*": "Hiphil perfect 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - I strike/kill him",
"*hāyâ*": "Qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - you will be",
"*ʿāḇad*": "Qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - you will serve"
},
"variants": {
"*yāḵōl*": "is able/can/prevail",
"*lāḥam*": "fight/do battle",
"*nāḵâ*": "strike/kill/defeat",
"*hāyâ*": "be/become",
"*ʿăḇāḏîm*": "servants/slaves",
"*ʿāḇad*": "serve/work for/be slaves to"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.10",
"source": "וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י אֲנִ֗י חֵרַ֛פְתִּי אֶת־מַעַרְכ֥וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה תְּנוּ־לִ֣י אִ֔ישׁ וְנִֽלָּחֲמָ֖ה יָֽחַד׃",
"text": "And *ʾāmar* the-*Pəlištî*, '*ʾănî* *ḥārap̄* *ʾēt*-*maʿărāḵôt* *Yiśrāʾēl* this-*yôm*. *nātan*-to me [an] *ʾîš*, and let us *lāḥam* *yaḥad*.'",
"grammar": {
"*ʾāmar*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw-consecutive - he said",
"*Pəlištî*": "gentilic adjective masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine",
"*ʾănî*": "personal pronoun 1st person singular - I",
"*ḥārap̄*": "Piel perfect 1st person singular - I defy/taunt",
"*ʾēt*": "direct object marker",
"*maʿărāḵôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - battle lines/ranks of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the day",
"*nātan*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - give",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man",
"*lāḥam*": "Niphal imperfect 1st person plural cohortative - let us fight",
"*yaḥad*": "adverb - together"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥārap̄*": "defy/taunt/reproach/challenge",
"*maʿărāḵôt*": "battle lines/ranks/armies",
"*yôm*": "day/time",
"*nātan*": "give/provide/appoint",
"*lāḥam*": "fight/do battle",
"*yaḥad*": "together/at the same time"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.11",
"source": "וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע שָׁאוּל֙ וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֥י הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיֵּחַ֥תּוּ וַיִּֽרְא֖וּ מְאֹֽד׃",
"text": "And *šāmaʿ* *Šāʾûl* and all-*Yiśrāʾēl* *ʾēt*-*dəḇārîm* [of] the-*Pəlištî* these; and they were *ḥātat* and *yārēʾ* exceedingly.",
"grammar": {
"*šāmaʿ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw-consecutive - he heard",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ʾēt*": "direct object marker",
"*dəḇārîm*": "noun, masculine plural construct - words of",
"*Pəlištî*": "gentilic adjective masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine",
"*ḥātat*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw-consecutive - they were dismayed",
"*yārēʾ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw-consecutive - they feared"
},
"variants": {
"*šāmaʿ*": "heard/listened to",
"*dəḇārîm*": "words/things/matters",
"*ḥātat*": "were dismayed/terrified/shattered",
"*yārēʾ*": "feared/were afraid"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.12",
"source": "וְדָוִד֩ בֶּן־אִ֨ישׁ אֶפְרָתִ֜י הַזֶּ֗ה מִבֵּ֥ית לֶ֙חֶם֙ יְהוּדָ֔ה וּשְׁמ֣וֹ יִשַׁ֔י וְל֖וֹ שְׁמֹנָ֣ה בָנִ֑ים וְהָאִישׁ֙ בִּימֵ֣י שָׁא֔וּל זָקֵ֖ן בָּ֥א בַאֲנָשִֽׁים׃",
"text": "And *Dāwid* [was the] *bēn*-*ʾîš* *ʾep̄rātî* this from *Bêt-leḥem* *Yəhûdâ*, and his *šēm* [was] *Yišay*, and to him [were] eight *bānîm*; and the-*ʾîš* in [the] *yōm* of *Šāʾûl* [was] *zāqēn*, *bôʾ* among men.",
"grammar": {
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*bēn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man",
"*ʾep̄rātî*": "gentilic adjective masculine singular - Ephrathite",
"*Bêt-leḥem*": "proper noun - Bethlehem",
"*Yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah",
"*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his name",
"*Yišay*": "proper noun - Jesse",
"*bānîm*": "noun, masculine plural - sons",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the man",
"*yōm*": "noun, masculine plural construct - days of",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*zāqēn*": "adjective, masculine singular - old/aged",
"*bôʾ*": "Qal participle masculine singular - coming/going"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾep̄rātî*": "Ephrathite (from Ephrath, an ancient name for Bethlehem)",
"*šēm*": "name/title",
"*zāqēn*": "old/aged/elderly",
"*bôʾ* among men": "advanced in years/elderly among men/well along in years"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.13",
"source": "וַיֵּ֨לְכ֜וּ שְׁלֹ֤שֶׁת בְּנֵֽי־יִשַׁי֙ הַגְּדֹלִ֔ים הָלְכ֥וּ אַחֲרֵי־שָׁא֖וּל לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וְשֵׁ֣ם ׀ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת בָּנָ֗יו אֲשֶׁ֤ר הָלְכוּ֙ בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה אֱלִיאָ֣ב הַבְּכ֗וֹר וּמִשְׁנֵ֙הוּ֙ אֲבִ֣ינָדָ֔ב וְהַשְּׁלִשִׁ֖י שַׁמָּֽה׃",
"text": "And *hālaḵ* three *bənê*-*Yišay* the-*gādôl*, they *hālaḵ* after-*Šāʾûl* to the-*milḥāmâ*; and [the] *šēm* [of] his three *bānîm* who *hālaḵ* to the-*milḥāmâ* [were] *ʾĔlîʾāḇ* the-*bəḵôr*, and his *mišneh* *ʾĂḇînādāḇ*, and the-*šəlîšî* *Šammâ*.",
"grammar": {
"*hālaḵ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw-consecutive - they went",
"*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of",
"*Yišay*": "proper noun - Jesse",
"*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine plural with definite article - the oldest/eldest",
"*hālaḵ*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural - they went",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*milḥāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the battle/war",
"*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - name of",
"*bānîm*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his sons",
"*hālaḵ*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural - they went",
"*ʾĔlîʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Eliab",
"*bəḵôr*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the firstborn",
"*mišneh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his second",
"*ʾĂḇînādāḇ*": "proper noun - Abinadab",
"*šəlîšî*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the third",
"*Šammâ*": "proper noun - Shammah"
},
"variants": {
"*gādôl*": "great/eldest/oldest",
"*mišneh*": "second/next in order",
"*šəlîšî*": "third/third in order"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.14",
"source": "וְדָוִ֖ד ה֣וּא הַקָּטָ֑ן וּשְׁלֹשָׁה֙ הַגְּדֹלִ֔ים הָלְכ֖וּ אַחֲרֵ֥י שָׁאֽוּל׃",
"text": "And *Dāwid* *hûʾ* the-*qāṭān*; and [the] three the-*gādôl* *hālaḵ* after *Šāʾûl*.",
"grammar": {
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*hûʾ*": "personal pronoun 3rd person masculine singular - he",
"*qāṭān*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the youngest",
"*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine plural with definite article - the oldest/eldest",
"*hālaḵ*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural - they went",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul"
},
"variants": {
"*hûʾ*": "he/himself/that one",
"*qāṭān*": "small/young/youngest",
"*gādôl*": "great/eldest/oldest"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.15",
"source": "וְדָוִ֛ד הֹלֵ֥ךְ וָשָׁ֖ב מֵעַ֣ל שָׁא֑וּל לִרְע֛וֹת אֶת־צֹ֥אן אָבִ֖יו בֵּֽית לָֽחֶם׃",
"text": "And *Dāwid* [was] *hālaḵ* and *šûḇ* from *ʿal* *Šāʾûl* to *rāʿâ* *ʾēt*-*ṣōʾn* [of] his *ʾāḇ* [in] *Bêt-leḥem*.",
"grammar": {
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*hālaḵ*": "Qal participle masculine singular - going",
"*šûḇ*": "Qal participle masculine singular - returning",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - from upon/from",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*rāʿâ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to tend/shepherd",
"*ʾēt*": "direct object marker",
"*ṣōʾn*": "noun, common singular construct - flock of",
"*ʾāḇ*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his father",
"*Bêt-leḥem*": "proper noun - Bethlehem"
},
"variants": {
"*hālaḵ* and *šûḇ*": "going back and forth/coming and going",
"*ʿal*": "from/from being with",
"*rāʿâ*": "to tend/to shepherd/to pasture",
"*ṣōʾn*": "flock/sheep"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.16",
"source": "וַיִּגַּ֥שׁ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י הַשְׁכֵּ֣ם וְהַעֲרֵ֑ב וַיִּתְיַצֵּ֖ב אַרְבָּעִ֥ים יֽוֹם׃",
"text": "And *nāḡaš* the-*Pəlištî* *šāḵam* and *ʿāraḇ*; and he *yāṣaḇ* forty *yôm*.",
"grammar": {
"*nāḡaš*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw-consecutive - he came near/approached",
"*Pəlištî*": "gentilic adjective masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine",
"*šāḵam*": "Hiphil infinitive absolute - rising early",
"*ʿāraḇ*": "Hiphil infinitive absolute - setting late/in the evening",
"*yāṣaḇ*": "Hithpael imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw-consecutive - he presented himself/took his stand",
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day"
},
"variants": {
"*nāḡaš*": "came near/approached/drew near",
"*šāḵam* and *ʿāraḇ*": "morning and evening/early and late",
"*yāṣaḇ*": "presented himself/took his stand/positioned himself"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.17",
"source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יִשַׁ֜י לְדָוִ֣ד בְּנ֗וֹ קַח־נָ֤א לְאַחֶ֙יךָ֙ אֵיפַ֤ת הַקָּלִיא֙ הַזֶּ֔ה וַעֲשָׂרָ֥ה לֶ֖חֶם הַזֶּ֑ה וְהָרֵ֥ץ הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה לְאַחֶֽיךָ׃",
"text": "*wə-yōʾmer* *yišay* *lə-dāwid* *bənō* *qaḥ-nāʾ* *lə-ʾaḥeykā* *ʾêpat* *ha-qālîʾ* *ha-zeh* *wa-ʿăśārâ* *leḥem* *ha-zeh* *wə-hārêṣ* *ha-maḥăneh* *lə-ʾaḥeykā*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said",
"*yišay*": "proper noun, nominative - Jesse",
"*lə-dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - to David",
"*bənō*": "noun ms + 3ms possessive suffix - his son",
"*qaḥ-nāʾ*": "qal imperative ms + particle of entreaty - take, please",
"*lə-ʾaḥeykā*": "preposition + noun mp + 2ms possessive suffix - for your brothers",
"*ʾêpat*": "construct state - ephah of",
"*ha-qālîʾ*": "definite article + noun ms - the parched grain",
"*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun ms - this",
"*wa-ʿăśārâ*": "waw conjunction + cardinal number - and ten",
"*leḥem*": "noun mp - loaves of bread",
"*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun ms - this",
"*wə-hārêṣ*": "waw conjunction + qal imperative ms - and run",
"*ha-maḥăneh*": "definite article + noun ms - the camp",
"*lə-ʾaḥeykā*": "preposition + noun mp + 2ms possessive suffix - to your brothers"
},
"variants": {
"*qālîʾ*": "parched grain/roasted corn",
"*ʾêpat*": "ephah (measure of volume, approx. 22 liters)",
"*hārêṣ*": "run/hurry/rush"
}
}
18 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.18",
"source": "וְ֠אֵת עֲשֶׂ֜רֶת חֲרִצֵ֤י הֶֽחָלָב֙ הָאֵ֔לֶּה תָּבִ֖יא לְשַׂר־הָאָ֑לֶף וְאֶת־אַחֶ֙יךָ֙ תִּפְקֹ֣ד לְשָׁל֔וֹם וְאֶת־עֲרֻבָּתָ֖ם תִּקָּֽח׃",
"text": "*wə-ʾēt* *ʿăśeret* *ḥăriṣê* *he-ḥālāb* *hā-ʾēlleh* *tābîʾ* *lə-śar* *hā-ʾālep* *wə-ʾet* *ʾaḥeykā* *tipqōd* *lə-šālôm* *wə-ʾet* *ʿărubātām* *tiqqāḥ*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾēt*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker - and",
"*ʿăśeret*": "cardinal number fs construct - ten of",
"*ḥăriṣê*": "noun mp construct - cuts/slices of",
"*he-ḥālāb*": "definite article + noun ms - the milk/cheese",
"*hā-ʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun mp - these",
"*tābîʾ*": "hiphil imperfect 2ms - you shall bring",
"*lə-śar*": "preposition + noun ms construct - to commander of",
"*hā-ʾālep*": "definite article + noun ms - the thousand",
"*wə-ʾet*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker - and",
"*ʾaḥeykā*": "noun mp + 2ms possessive suffix - your brothers",
"*tipqōd*": "qal imperfect 2ms - you shall visit/inquire after",
"*lə-šālôm*": "preposition + noun ms - for peace/welfare",
"*wə-ʾet*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker - and",
"*ʿărubātām*": "noun fs + 3mp possessive suffix - their pledge/token",
"*tiqqāḥ*": "qal imperfect 2ms - you shall take"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥăriṣê he-ḥālāb*": "cuts of cheese/slices of milk-product",
"*śar-hā-ʾālep*": "commander of thousand/captain",
"*tipqōd*": "inquire after/check on/visit",
"*lə-šālôm*": "regarding welfare/concerning well-being/about peace",
"*ʿărubātām*": "their pledge/token/evidence of well-being/proof of visit"
}
}
19 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.19",
"source": "וְשָׁא֤וּל וְהֵ֙מָּה֙ וְכָל־אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּעֵ֖מֶק הָֽאֵלָ֑ה נִלְחָמִ֖ים עִם־פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃",
"text": "*wə-šāʾûl* *wə-hēmmâ* *wə-kāl* *ʾîš* *yiśrāʾēl* *bə-ʿēmeq* *hā-ʾēlâ* *nilḥāmîm* *ʿim* *pəlištîm*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-šāʾûl*": "waw conjunction + proper noun - and Saul",
"*wə-hēmmâ*": "waw conjunction + 3mp pronoun - and they",
"*wə-kāl*": "waw conjunction + noun ms construct - and all/every",
"*ʾîš*": "noun ms construct - man of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*bə-ʿēmeq*": "preposition + noun ms construct - in valley of",
"*hā-ʾēlâ*": "definite article + noun fs - the terebinth/oak",
"*nilḥāmîm*": "niphal participle mp - fighting",
"*ʿim*": "preposition - with",
"*pəlištîm*": "proper noun mp - Philistines"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿēmeq hā-ʾēlâ*": "Valley of Elah/Terebinth Valley",
"*nilḥāmîm*": "fighting/warring/battling"
}
}
20 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.20",
"source": "וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֨ם דָּוִ֜ד בַּבֹּ֗קֶר וַיִּטֹּ֤שׁ אֶת־הַצֹּאן֙ עַל־שֹׁמֵ֔ר וַיִּשָּׂ֣א וַיֵּ֔לֶךְ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּ֖הוּ יִשָׁ֑י וַיָּבֹא֙ הַמַּעְגָּ֔לָה וְהַחַ֗יִל הַיֹּצֵא֙ אֶל־הַמַּ֣עֲרָכָ֔ה וְהֵרֵ֖עוּ בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה׃",
"text": "*wa-yaškēm* *dāwid* *ba-bōqer* *wa-yiṭṭōš* *ʾet* *ha-ṣṣōʾn* *ʿal* *šōmēr* *wa-yiśśāʾ* *wa-yēlek* *ka-ʾăšer* *ṣiwwāhû* *yišāy* *wa-yābōʾ* *ha-maʿgālâ* *wə-ha-ḥayil* *ha-yōṣēʾ* *ʾel* *ha-maʿărākâ* *wə-hērēʿû* *ba-milḥāmâ*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yaškēm*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3ms - and he rose early",
"*dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*ba-bōqer*": "preposition + definite article + noun ms - in the morning",
"*wa-yiṭṭōš*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he left",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ha-ṣṣōʾn*": "definite article + noun fs - the flock",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - with/upon",
"*šōmēr*": "qal participle ms - keeper",
"*wa-yiśśāʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he took up/carried",
"*wa-yēlek*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he went",
"*ka-ʾăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - just as",
"*ṣiwwāhû*": "piel perfect 3ms + 3ms suffix - he commanded him",
"*yišāy*": "proper noun - Jesse",
"*wa-yābōʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he came",
"*ha-maʿgālâ*": "definite article + noun fs - the encampment/circle of wagons",
"*wə-ha-ḥayil*": "waw conjunction + definite article + noun ms - and the army",
"*ha-yōṣēʾ*": "definite article + qal participle ms - the one going out",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to",
"*ha-maʿărākâ*": "definite article + noun fs - the battle array",
"*wə-hērēʿû*": "waw conjunction + hiphil perfect 3cp - and they shouted",
"*ba-milḥāmâ*": "preposition + definite article + noun fs - in the battle"
},
"variants": {
"*yaškēm*": "rose early/got up early",
"*yiṭṭōš*": "left/entrusted/abandoned",
"*šōmēr*": "keeper/guardian/watchman",
"*yiśśāʾ*": "took up/carried/loaded",
"*maʿgālâ*": "encampment/circle of wagons/barricade",
"*ḥayil*": "army/force/troops",
"*maʿărākâ*": "battle array/battle line/ranks",
"*hērēʿû*": "shouted/raised battle cry/made noise"
}
}
21 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.21",
"source": "וַתַּעֲרֹ֤ךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים מַעֲרָכָ֖ה לִקְרַ֥את מַעֲרָכָֽה׃",
"text": "*wa-taʿărōk* *yiśrāʾēl* *û-pəlištîm* *maʿărākâ* *liqraʾt* *maʿărākâ*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-taʿărōk*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3fs - and it set in order/arranged",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*û-pəlištîm*": "waw conjunction + proper noun mp - and Philistines",
"*maʿărākâ*": "noun fs - battle array",
"*liqraʾt*": "preposition + infinitive construct - to meet/opposite",
"*maʿărākâ*": "noun fs - battle array"
},
"variants": {
"*taʿărōk*": "arranged/set in order/drew up",
"*maʿărākâ*": "battle array/line of battle/ranks",
"*liqraʾt*": "opposite/facing/against"
}
}
22 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.22",
"source": "וַיִּטֹשׁ֩ דָּוִ֨ד אֶת־הַכֵּלִ֜ים מֵעָלָ֗יו עַל־יַד֙ שׁוֹמֵ֣ר הַכֵּלִ֔ים וַיָּ֖רָץ הַמַּעֲרָכָ֑ה וַיָּבֹ֕א וַיִּשְׁאַ֥ל לְאֶחָ֖יו לְשָׁלֽוֹם׃",
"text": "*wa-yiṭṭōš* *dāwid* *ʾet* *ha-kēlîm* *mē-ʿālāyw* *ʿal* *yad* *šômēr* *ha-kēlîm* *wa-yārāṣ* *ha-maʿărākâ* *wa-yābōʾ* *wa-yišʾal* *lə-ʾeḥāyw* *lə-šālôm*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yiṭṭōš*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he left",
"*dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ha-kēlîm*": "definite article + noun mp - the vessels/baggage",
"*mē-ʿālāyw*": "preposition + preposition + 3ms suffix - from upon him",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - with/upon",
"*yad*": "noun fs construct - hand of",
"*šômēr*": "qal participle ms construct - keeper of",
"*ha-kēlîm*": "definite article + noun mp - the vessels/baggage",
"*wa-yārāṣ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he ran",
"*ha-maʿărākâ*": "definite article + noun fs - the battle array",
"*wa-yābōʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he came",
"*wa-yišʾal*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he asked",
"*lə-ʾeḥāyw*": "preposition + noun mp + 3ms suffix - to his brothers",
"*lə-šālôm*": "preposition + noun ms - for peace/welfare"
},
"variants": {
"*yiṭṭōš*": "left/put off/set down",
"*kēlîm*": "vessels/equipment/baggage/supplies",
"*šômēr ha-kēlîm*": "keeper of the supplies/baggage attendant",
"*yārāṣ*": "ran/hurried",
"*lə-šālôm*": "concerning welfare/about well-being"
}
}
23 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.23",
"source": "וְה֣וּא ׀ מְדַבֵּ֣ר עִמָּ֗ם וְהִנֵּ֣ה אִ֣ישׁ הַבֵּנַ֡יִם עוֹלֶ֞ה גָּלְיָת֩ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֨י שְׁמ֤וֹ מִגַּת֙ *ממערות **מִמַּעַרְכ֣וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וַיְדַבֵּ֖ר כַּדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיִּשְׁמַ֖ע דָּוִֽד׃",
"text": "*wə-hûʾ* *mədabbēr* *ʿimmām* *wə-hinnēh* *ʾîš* *ha-bênayim* *ʿôleh* *golyāt* *ha-pəlištî* *šəmô* *mi-gat* *mi-maʿarkôt* *pəlištîm* *wa-yədabbēr* *ka-dəbārîm* *hā-ʾēlleh* *wa-yišmaʿ* *dāwid*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-hûʾ*": "waw conjunction + 3ms pronoun - and he",
"*mədabbēr*": "piel participle ms - speaking",
"*ʿimmām*": "preposition + 3mp suffix - with them",
"*wə-hinnēh*": "waw conjunction + demonstrative particle - and behold",
"*ʾîš*": "noun ms construct - man of",
"*ha-bênayim*": "definite article + noun mdual - the between/in-between",
"*ʿôleh*": "qal participle ms - coming up",
"*golyāt*": "proper noun - Goliath",
"*ha-pəlištî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective ms - the Philistine",
"*šəmô*": "noun ms + 3ms suffix - his name",
"*mi-gat*": "preposition + proper noun - from Gath",
"*mi-maʿarkôt*": "preposition + noun fp construct - from ranks of",
"*pəlištîm*": "proper noun mp - Philistines",
"*wa-yədabbēr*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect 3ms - and he spoke",
"*ka-dəbārîm*": "preposition + noun mp - like the words",
"*hā-ʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun mp - these",
"*wa-yišmaʿ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he heard",
"*dāwid*": "proper noun - David"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾîš ha-bênayim*": "champion/man of the in-between/duelist/man who stands between two armies",
"*ʿôleh*": "coming up/ascending/appearing",
"*maʿarkôt*": "battle ranks/battle lines/army ranks",
"*ka-dəbārîm hā-ʾēlleh*": "like these words/the same words/according to these terms"
}
}
24 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.24",
"source": "וְכֹל֙ אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בִּרְאוֹתָ֖ם אֶת־הָאִ֑ישׁ וַיָּנֻ֙סוּ֙ מִפָּנָ֔יו וַיִּֽירְא֖וּ מְאֹֽד׃",
"text": "*wə-kōl* *ʾîš* *yiśrāʾēl* *bi-rəʾôtām* *ʾet* *hā-ʾîš* *wa-yānusû* *mi-ppānāyw* *wa-yîrəʾû* *məʾōd*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-kōl*": "waw conjunction + noun ms construct - and all",
"*ʾîš*": "noun ms construct - man of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*bi-rəʾôtām*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct + 3mp suffix - in their seeing",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*hā-ʾîš*": "definite article + noun ms - the man",
"*wa-yānusû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they fled",
"*mi-ppānāyw*": "preposition + noun mp + 3ms suffix - from his face/presence",
"*wa-yîrəʾû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they feared",
"*məʾōd*": "adverb - greatly"
},
"variants": {
"*bi-rəʾôtām*": "when they saw/upon seeing",
"*mi-ppānāyw*": "from his presence/from before him",
"*məʾōd*": "greatly/exceedingly/very much"
}
}
25 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.25",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הַרְּאִיתֶם֙ הָאִ֤ישׁ הָֽעֹלֶה֙ הַזֶּ֔ה כִּ֛י לְחָרֵ֥ף אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עֹלֶ֑ה וְֽ֠הָיָה הָאִ֨ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יַכֶּ֜נּוּ יַעְשְׁרֶ֥נּוּ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ ׀ עֹ֣שֶׁר גָּד֗וֹל וְאֶת־בִּתּוֹ֙ יִתֶּן־ל֔וֹ וְאֵת֙ בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֔יו יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה חָפְשִׁ֖י בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃",
"text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *ʾîš* *yiśrāʾēl* *ha-rəʾîtem* *hā-ʾîš* *hā-ʿōleh* *ha-zeh* *kî* *lə-ḥārēp* *ʾet* *yiśrāʾēl* *ʿōleh* *wə-hāyâ* *hā-ʾîš* *ʾăšer* *yakkennû* *yaʿšərennû* *ha-melek* *ʿōšer* *gādôl* *wə-ʾet* *bittô* *yitten* *lô* *wə-ʾēt* *bêt* *ʾābîw* *yaʿăśeh* *ḥopšî* *bə-yiśrāʾēl*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said",
"*ʾîš*": "noun ms construct - man of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ha-rəʾîtem*": "interrogative particle + qal perfect 2mp - have you seen",
"*hā-ʾîš*": "definite article + noun ms - the man",
"*hā-ʿōleh*": "definite article + qal participle ms - the one coming up",
"*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun ms - this",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*lə-ḥārēp*": "preposition + piel infinitive construct - to reproach",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ʿōleh*": "qal participle ms - coming up",
"*wə-hāyâ*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect 3ms - and it will be",
"*hā-ʾîš*": "definite article + noun ms - the man",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who",
"*yakkennû*": "hiphil imperfect 3ms + 3ms suffix - he will strike him",
"*yaʿšərennû*": "hiphil imperfect 3ms + 3ms suffix - he will enrich him",
"*ha-melek*": "definite article + noun ms - the king",
"*ʿōšer*": "noun ms - riches",
"*gādôl*": "adjective ms - great",
"*wə-ʾet*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker",
"*bittô*": "noun fs + 3ms suffix - his daughter",
"*yitten*": "qal imperfect 3ms - he will give",
"*lô*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - to him",
"*wə-ʾēt*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker",
"*bêt*": "noun ms construct - house of",
"*ʾābîw*": "noun ms + 3ms suffix - his father",
"*yaʿăśeh*": "qal imperfect 3ms - he will make",
"*ḥopšî*": "adjective ms - free",
"*bə-yiśrāʾēl*": "preposition + proper noun - in Israel"
},
"variants": {
"*lə-ḥārēp*": "to taunt/reproach/defy",
"*yaʿšərennû*": "will enrich him/will make him wealthy",
"*ʿōšer gādôl*": "great wealth/riches",
"*yaʿăśeh ḥopšî*": "will make free/will exempt from taxes and service"
}
}
26 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.26",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֗ד אֶֽל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֞ים הָעֹמְדִ֣ים עִמּוֹ֮ לֵאמֹר֒ מַה־יֵּעָשֶׂ֗ה לָאִישׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יַכֶּה֙ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֣י הַלָּ֔ז וְהֵסִ֥יר חֶרְפָּ֖ה מֵעַ֣ל יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּ֣י מִ֗י הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֤י הֶֽעָרֵל֙ הַזֶּ֔ה כִּ֣י חֵרֵ֔ף מַעַרְכ֖וֹת אֱלֹהִ֥ים חַיִּֽים׃",
"text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *dāwid* *ʾel* *hā-ʾănāšîm* *hā-ʿōmədîm* *ʿimmô* *lēʾmōr* *mah* *yēʿāśeh* *lā-ʾîš* *ʾăšer* *yakkeh* *ʾet* *ha-pəlištî* *ha-llāz* *wə-hēsîr* *ḥerpâ* *mēʿal* *yiśrāʾēl* *kî* *mî* *ha-pəlištî* *he-ʿārēl* *ha-zeh* *kî* *ḥērēp* *maʿarkôt* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ḥayyîm*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said",
"*dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to",
"*hā-ʾănāšîm*": "definite article + noun mp - the men",
"*hā-ʿōmədîm*": "definite article + qal participle mp - the ones standing",
"*ʿimmô*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - with him",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*mah*": "interrogative - what",
"*yēʿāśeh*": "niphal imperfect 3ms - will be done",
"*lā-ʾîš*": "preposition + definite article + noun ms - to the man",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who",
"*yakkeh*": "hiphil imperfect 3ms - will strike",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ha-pəlištî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective ms - the Philistine",
"*ha-llāz*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun ms - this",
"*wə-hēsîr*": "waw conjunction + hiphil perfect 3ms - and removes",
"*ḥerpâ*": "noun fs - reproach",
"*mēʿal*": "preposition + preposition - from upon",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who",
"*ha-pəlištî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective ms - the Philistine",
"*he-ʿārēl*": "definite article + adjective ms - the uncircumcised",
"*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun ms - this",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/that",
"*ḥērēp*": "piel perfect 3ms - he has reproached",
"*maʿarkôt*": "noun fp construct - ranks of",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun mp - God",
"*ḥayyîm*": "adjective mp - living"
},
"variants": {
"*ha-llāz*": "this/that one/yonder one",
"*hēsîr ḥerpâ*": "remove reproach/take away disgrace",
"*he-ʿārēl*": "the uncircumcised/the unclean",
"*ḥērēp*": "reproached/taunted/defied",
"*maʿarkôt ʾĕlōhîm ḥayyîm*": "ranks of the living God/battle lines of the living God/armies of the living God"
}
}
27 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.27",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ הָעָ֔ם כַּדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר כֹּ֣ה יֵעָשֶׂ֔ה לָאִ֖ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַכֶּֽנּוּ׃",
"text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *lô* *hā-ʿām* *ka-ddābār* *ha-zeh* *lēʾmōr* *kōh* *yēʿāśeh* *lā-ʾîš* *ʾăšer* *yakkennû*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said",
"*lô*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - to him",
"*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun ms - the people",
"*ka-ddābār*": "preposition + definite article + noun ms - according to the word",
"*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun ms - this",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*kōh*": "adverb - thus",
"*yēʿāśeh*": "niphal imperfect 3ms - will be done",
"*lā-ʾîš*": "preposition + definite article + noun ms - to the man",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who",
"*yakkennû*": "hiphil imperfect 3ms + 3ms suffix - strikes him"
},
"variants": {
"*ka-ddābār ha-zeh*": "according to this word/in this manner",
"*kōh*": "thus/in this way/so"
}
}
28 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.28",
"source": "וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע אֱלִיאָב֙ אָחִ֣יו הַגָּד֔וֹל בְּדַבְּר֖וֹ אֶל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֑ים וַיִּֽחַר־אַף֩ אֱלִיאָ֨ב בְּדָוִ֜ד וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ לָמָּה־זֶּ֣ה יָרַ֗דְתָּ וְעַל־מִ֨י נָטַ֜שְׁתָּ מְעַ֨ט הַצֹּ֤אן הָהֵ֙נָּה֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר אֲנִ֧י יָדַ֣עְתִּי אֶת־זְדֹנְךָ֗ וְאֵת֙ רֹ֣עַ לְבָבֶ֔ךָ כִּ֗י לְמַ֛עַן רְא֥וֹת הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה יָרָֽדְתָּ׃",
"text": "*wa-yišmaʿ* *ʾĕlîʾāb* *ʾāḥîw* *ha-ggādôl* *bə-dabbərô* *ʾel* *hā-ʾănāšîm* *wa-yiḥar* *ʾap* *ʾĕlîʾāb* *bə-dāwid* *wa-yōʾmer* *lāmmâ* *zeh* *yārādtā* *wə-ʿal* *mî* *nāṭaštā* *məʿaṭ* *ha-ṣṣōʾn* *hā-hēnnâ* *ba-mmidbār* *ʾănî* *yādaʿtî* *ʾet* *zədōnəkā* *wə-ʾēt* *rōaʿ* *ləbābekā* *kî* *ləmaʿan* *rəʾôt* *ha-mmilḥāmâ* *yārādtā*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yišmaʿ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he heard",
"*ʾĕlîʾāb*": "proper noun - Eliab",
"*ʾāḥîw*": "noun ms + 3ms suffix - his brother",
"*ha-ggādôl*": "definite article + adjective ms - the oldest",
"*bə-dabbərô*": "preposition + piel infinitive construct + 3ms suffix - in his speaking",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to",
"*hā-ʾănāšîm*": "definite article + noun mp - the men",
"*wa-yiḥar*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and it burned",
"*ʾap*": "noun ms construct - nose/anger of",
"*ʾĕlîʾāb*": "proper noun - Eliab",
"*bə-dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - against David",
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said",
"*lāmmâ*": "preposition + interrogative - why",
"*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun ms - this",
"*yārādtā*": "qal perfect 2ms - you came down",
"*wə-ʿal*": "waw conjunction + preposition - and upon",
"*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - whom",
"*nāṭaštā*": "qal perfect 2ms - you left",
"*məʿaṭ*": "adjective ms - few",
"*ha-ṣṣōʾn*": "definite article + noun fs - the sheep",
"*hā-hēnnâ*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun fp - those",
"*ba-mmidbār*": "preposition + definite article + noun ms - in the wilderness",
"*ʾănî*": "1cs pronoun - I",
"*yādaʿtî*": "qal perfect 1cs - I know",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*zədōnəkā*": "noun ms + 2ms suffix - your presumptuousness",
"*wə-ʾēt*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker",
"*rōaʿ*": "noun ms construct - evil of",
"*ləbābekā*": "noun ms + 2ms suffix - your heart",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*ləmaʿan*": "preposition - in order to",
"*rəʾôt*": "qal infinitive construct - see",
"*ha-mmilḥāmâ*": "definite article + noun fs - the battle",
"*yārādtā*": "qal perfect 2ms - you came down"
},
"variants": {
"*yiḥar ʾap*": "anger burned/became angry",
"*lāmmâ zeh*": "why this/for what reason",
"*nāṭaštā*": "left/abandoned/entrusted",
"*məʿaṭ*": "few/little",
"*zədōnəkā*": "your presumptuousness/your pride/your insolence",
"*rōaʿ ləbābekā*": "evil of your heart/wickedness of your heart/bad intent"
}
}
29 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.29",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֔ד מֶ֥ה עָשִׂ֖יתִי עָ֑תָּה הֲל֖וֹא דָּבָ֥ר הֽוּא׃",
"text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *dāwid* *meh* *ʿāśîtî* *ʿāttâ* *hălôʾ* *dābār* *hûʾ*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said",
"*dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*meh*": "interrogative - what",
"*ʿāśîtî*": "qal perfect 1cs - I have done",
"*ʿāttâ*": "adverb - now",
"*hălôʾ*": "interrogative + negative particle - is not",
"*dābār*": "noun ms - word/matter",
"*hûʾ*": "3ms pronoun - it"
},
"variants": {
"*meh ʿāśîtî*": "what have I done/what did I do",
"*hălôʾ dābār hûʾ*": "was it not just a word/isn't it only a question/is it not a matter (of importance)"
}
}
30 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.30",
"source": "וַיִּסֹּ֤ב מֵֽאֶצְלוֹ֙ אֶל־מ֣וּל אַחֵ֔ר וַיֹּ֖אמֶר כַּדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה וַיְשִׁבֻ֤הוּ הָעָם֙ דָּבָ֔ר כַּדָּבָ֖ר הָרִאשֽׁוֹן׃",
"text": "And *wayyissōb* from *mēʾeṣlô* to-*mûl* *ʾaḥēr* and *wayyōʾmer* like-the-*dābār* the-*zeh*; and *wayšibuhû* the-*ʿām* *dābār* like-the-*dābār* the-*rīʾšôn*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyissōb*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *sbb* - and he turned",
"*mēʾeṣlô*": "preposition *min* + preposition *ʾēṣel* + 3rd masculine singular suffix - from beside him",
"*mûl*": "preposition - direction/opposite/facing",
"*ʾaḥēr*": "adjective, masculine singular - another/different",
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said",
"*dābār*": "noun, masculine singular - word/thing/matter",
"*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this",
"*wayšibuhû*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine plural Hiphil imperfect of *šwb* + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and they returned/answered him",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular collective - people",
"*rīʾšôn*": "adjective, masculine singular - first/former"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyissōb*": "turned/turned away/turned around",
"*mûl*": "facing/opposite/in front of",
"*dābār*": "word/matter/thing/speech"
}
}
31 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.31",
"source": "וַיְּ[t]שָּֽׁמְעוּ֙ הַדְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֣ר דָּוִ֑ד וַיַּגִּ֥דוּ לִפְנֵֽי־שָׁא֖וּל וַיִּקָּחֵֽהוּ׃",
"text": "And *wayyiššāmʿû* the-*dəbārîm* which *dibbēr* *dāwid*; and *wayyaggidû* before-*šāʾûl* and *wayyiqqāḥēhû*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyiššāmʿû*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine plural Niphal imperfect of *šmʿ* - and they were heard",
"*dəbārîm*": "noun, masculine plural construct - words/things/matters",
"*dibbēr*": "3rd masculine singular Piel perfect of *dbr* - spoke/said",
"*dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*wayyaggidû*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine plural Hiphil imperfect of *ngd* - and they reported/told",
"*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*wayyiqqāḥēhû*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *lqḥ* + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he took him"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyiššāmʿû*": "were heard/became known",
"*dəbārîm*": "words/matters/things",
"*dibbēr*": "spoke/said/uttered",
"*wayyaggidû*": "told/reported/declared",
"*wayyiqqāḥēhû*": "took him/summoned him/fetched him"
}
}
32 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.32",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל אַל־יִפֹּ֥ל לֵב־אָדָ֖ם עָלָ֑יו עַבְדְּךָ֣ יֵלֵ֔ךְ וְנִלְחַ֖ם עִם־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֥י הַזֶּֽה׃",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *dāwid* to-*šāʾûl*, \"Not-*yippōl* *lēb*-*ʾādām* upon-him; *ʿabdəkā* *yēlēk* and *nilḥam* with-the-*pəlištî* the-*zeh*.\"",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said",
"*dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*yippōl*": "3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *npl* - he will fall",
"*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart",
"*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person",
"*ʿabdəkā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servant",
"*yēlēk*": "3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *hlk* - he will go",
"*nilḥam*": "3rd masculine singular Niphal perfect of *lḥm* - he will fight",
"*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine",
"*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this"
},
"variants": {
"*yippōl*": "fall/fail/falter",
"*lēb*": "heart/mind/courage",
"*ʾādām*": "man/person/anyone",
"*nilḥam*": "fight/do battle with",
"*pəlištî*": "Philistine (member of the sea peoples)"
}
}
33 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.33",
"source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֜וּל אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד לֹ֤א תוּכַל֙ לָלֶ֙כֶת֙ אֶל־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֣י הַזֶּ֔ה לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם עִמּ֑וֹ כִּֽי־נַ֣עַר אַ֔תָּה וְה֛וּא אִ֥ישׁ מִלְחָמָ֖ה מִנְּעֻרָֽיו׃ ס",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *šāʾûl* to-*dāwid*, \"Not *tûkal* to-*lāleket* to-the-*pəlištî* the-*zeh* to-*hīllāḥēm* with-him, for-*naʿar* *ʾattāh*, and-he *ʾîš* *milḥāmâ* from-*nəʿurāyw*. *s*\"",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said",
"*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*tûkal*": "2nd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ykl* - you are able",
"*lāleket*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct of *hlk* - to go",
"*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine",
"*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this",
"*hīllāḥēm*": "Niphal infinitive construct of *lḥm* - to fight",
"*naʿar*": "noun, masculine singular - youth/boy",
"*ʾattāh*": "2nd masculine singular independent pronoun - you",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - man of",
"*milḥāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - war/battle",
"*nəʿurāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his youth",
"*s*": "section marker in Hebrew text"
},
"variants": {
"*tûkal*": "be able/prevail/succeed",
"*naʿar*": "boy/youth/servant",
"*ʾîš*": "man/person/warrior",
"*milḥāmâ*": "war/battle/warfare",
"*nəʿurāyw*": "his youth/his young age/his adolescence"
}
}
34 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.34",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל רֹעֶ֨ה הָיָ֧ה עַבְדְּךָ֛ לְאָבִ֖יו בַּצֹּ֑אן וּבָ֤א הָֽאֲרִי֙ וְאֶת־הַדּ֔וֹב וְנָשָׂ֥א שֶׂ֖ה מֵהָעֵֽדֶר׃",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *dāwid* to-*šāʾûl*, \"*rōʿeh* *hāyâ* *ʿabdəkā* to-*ʾābîw* with-the-*ṣōʾn*, and-*bāʾ* the-*ʾărî* and-*ʾet*-the-*dôb*, and-*nāśāʾ* *śeh* from-the-*ʿēder*.\"",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said",
"*dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*rōʿeh*": "Qal active participle of *rʿh*, masculine singular - shepherding",
"*hāyâ*": "3rd masculine singular Qal perfect of *hyh* - was",
"*ʿabdəkā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servant",
"*ʾābîw*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father",
"*ṣōʾn*": "noun, common singular collective - flock/sheep",
"*bāʾ*": "3rd masculine singular Qal perfect of *bwʾ* - came",
"*ʾărî*": "noun, masculine singular - lion",
"*dôb*": "noun, masculine singular - bear",
"*nāśāʾ*": "3rd masculine singular Qal perfect of *nśʾ* - carried/took",
"*śeh*": "noun, masculine singular - sheep/lamb",
"*ʿēder*": "noun, masculine singular - flock"
},
"variants": {
"*rōʿeh*": "shepherd/one who tends",
"*ṣōʾn*": "sheep/flock/small livestock",
"*ʾărî*": "lion/predator",
"*dôb*": "bear/predator",
"*nāśāʾ*": "took/carried/lifted",
"*śeh*": "lamb/sheep/one of the flock",
"*ʿēder*": "flock/herd"
}
}
35 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.35",
"source": "וְיָצָ֧אתִי אַחֲרָ֛יו וְהִכִּתִ֖יו וְהִצַּ֣לְתִּי מִפִּ֑יו וַיָּ֣קָם עָלַ֔י וְהֶחֱזַ֙קְתִּי֙ בִּזְקָנ֔וֹ וְהִכִּתִ֖יו וַהֲמִיתִּֽיו׃",
"text": "And-*yāṣāʾtî* after-him and-*hikkîtîw* and-*hiṣṣaltî* from-*pîw*; and-*wayyāqom* against-me and-*heḥĕzaqtî* by-*zəqānô* and-*hikkîtîw* and-*hămîttîw*.",
"grammar": {
"*yāṣāʾtî*": "1st singular Qal perfect of *yṣʾ* - I went out",
"*hikkîtîw*": "1st singular Hiphil perfect of *nkh* + 3rd masculine singular suffix - I struck him",
"*hiṣṣaltî*": "1st singular Hiphil perfect of *nṣl* - I rescued/delivered",
"*pîw*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - its mouth",
"*wayyāqom*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *qwm* - and he rose",
"*heḥĕzaqtî*": "1st singular Hiphil perfect of *ḥzq* - I seized/grasped",
"*zəqānô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his beard",
"*hămîttîw*": "1st singular Hiphil perfect of *mwt* + 3rd masculine singular suffix - I killed him"
},
"variants": {
"*yāṣāʾtî*": "went out/pursued/chased",
"*hikkîtîw*": "struck him/attacked him/hit him",
"*hiṣṣaltî*": "rescued/delivered/saved",
"*pîw*": "his mouth/its jaws",
"*wayyāqom*": "rose up/stood up/attacked",
"*heḥĕzaqtî*": "seized/grasped firmly/took hold of",
"*zəqānô*": "his beard/its mane",
"*hămîttîw*": "killed him/put him to death"
}
}
36 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.36",
"source": "גַּ֧ם אֶֽת־הָאֲרִ֛י גַּם־הַדּ֖וֹב הִכָּ֣ה עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ וְֽ֠הָיָה הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֨י הֶעָרֵ֤ל הַזֶּה֙ כְּאַחַ֣ד מֵהֶ֔ם כִּ֣י חֵרֵ֔ף מַעַרְכֹ֖ת אֱלֹהִ֥ים חַיִּֽים׃ ס",
"text": "Both *ʾet*-the-*ʾărî* also-the-*dôb* *hikkâ* *ʿabdekā*; and-*hāyâ* the-*pəlištî* the-*ʿārēl* the-*zeh* like-one of-them, for *ḥērēp* *maʿarkôt* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ḥayyîm*. *s*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾărî*": "noun, masculine singular - lion",
"*dôb*": "noun, masculine singular - bear",
"*hikkâ*": "3rd masculine singular Hiphil perfect of *nkh* - he struck",
"*ʿabdekā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servant",
"*hāyâ*": "3rd masculine singular Qal perfect with waw consecutive - and he will be",
"*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine",
"*ʿārēl*": "adjective, masculine singular - uncircumcised",
"*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this",
"*ḥērēp*": "3rd masculine singular Piel perfect of *ḥrp* - he reproached/defied",
"*maʿarkôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - ranks/battle lines",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God",
"*ḥayyîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - living",
"*s*": "section marker in Hebrew text"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾărî*": "lion/predator",
"*dôb*": "bear/predator",
"*hikkâ*": "struck/killed/attacked",
"*ʿārēl*": "uncircumcised/defiled/outsider",
"*ḥērēp*": "defied/reproached/taunted",
"*maʿarkôt*": "ranks/battle lines/armies",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine being",
"*ḥayyîm*": "living/alive"
}
}
37 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.37",
"source": "וַיֹּאמֶר֮ דָּוִד֒ יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר הִצִּלַ֜נִי מִיַּ֤ד הָֽאֲרִי֙ וּמִיַּ֣ד הַדֹּ֔ב ה֣וּא יַצִּילֵ֔נִי מִיַּ֥ד הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י הַזֶּ֑ה ס וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֤וּל אֶל־דָּוִד֙ לֵ֔ךְ וַֽיהוָ֖ה יִהְיֶ֥ה עִמָּֽךְ׃",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *dāwid*, \"*Yhwh* who *hiṣṣilanî* from-*yad* the-*ʾărî* and-from-*yad* the-*dōb*, he *yaṣṣīlēnî* from-*yad* the-*pəlištî* the-*zeh*. *s*\" And *wayyōʾmer* *šāʾûl* to-*dāwid*, \"*lēk* and-*Yhwh* *yihyeh* with-you.\"",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said",
"*dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*Yhwh*": "proper noun - the LORD",
"*hiṣṣilanî*": "3rd masculine singular Hiphil perfect of *nṣl* + 1st singular suffix - he rescued me",
"*yad*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hand/power",
"*ʾărî*": "noun, masculine singular - lion",
"*dōb*": "noun, masculine singular - bear",
"*yaṣṣīlēnî*": "3rd masculine singular Hiphil imperfect of *nṣl* + 1st singular suffix - he will rescue me",
"*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine",
"*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this",
"*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*lēk*": "masculine singular Qal imperative of *hlk* - go",
"*yihyeh*": "3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *hyh* - he will be",
"*s*": "section marker in Hebrew text"
},
"variants": {
"*hiṣṣilanî*": "rescued me/delivered me/saved me",
"*yad*": "hand/power/control",
"*yaṣṣīlēnî*": "will rescue me/will deliver me/will save me",
"*lēk*": "go/proceed/depart"
}
}
38 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.38",
"source": "וַיַּלְבֵּ֨שׁ שָׁא֤וּל אֶת־דָּוִד֙ מַדָּ֔יו וְנָתַ֛ן ק֥וֹבַע נְחֹ֖שֶׁת עַל־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ וַיַּלְבֵּ֥שׁ אֹת֖וֹ שִׁרְיֽוֹן׃",
"text": "And *wayyalbēš* *šāʾûl* *ʾet*-*dāwid* *maddāyw* and-*nātan* *kôbaʿ* *nəḥōšet* upon-*rōʾšô*; and *wayyalbēš* *ʾōtô* *širyôn*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyalbēš*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Hiphil imperfect of *lbš* - and he clothed",
"*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*maddāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his garments",
"*nātan*": "3rd masculine singular Qal perfect of *ntn* - he gave/put",
"*kôbaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - helmet",
"*nəḥōšet*": "noun, feminine singular - bronze/copper",
"*rōʾšô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his head",
"*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine singular suffix - him",
"*širyôn*": "noun, masculine singular - coat of mail/armor"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyalbēš*": "clothed/dressed/attired",
"*maddāyw*": "his garments/his clothes/his military attire",
"*kôbaʿ*": "helmet/head covering",
"*nəḥōšet*": "bronze/copper",
"*širyôn*": "coat of mail/armor/breastplate"
}
}
39 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.39",
"source": "וַיַּחְגֹּ֣ר דָּוִ֣ד אֶת־חַ֠רְבּוֹ מֵעַ֨ל לְמַדָּ֜יו וַיֹּ֣אֶל לָלֶכֶת֮ כִּ֣י לֹֽא־נִסָּה֒ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶל־שָׁא֗וּל לֹ֥א אוּכַ֛ל לָלֶ֥כֶת בָּאֵ֖לֶּה כִּ֣י לֹ֣א נִסִּ֑יתִי וַיְסִרֵ֥ם דָּוִ֖ד מֵעָלָֽיו׃",
"text": "And *wayyaḥgōr* *dāwid* *ʾet*-*ḥarbô* over to-*maddāyw* and *wayyōʾel* to-*lāleket* for not-*nissâ*. And *wayyōʾmer* *dāwid* to-*šāʾûl*, \"Not *ʾûkal* to-*lāleket* in-these for not *nissîtî*.\" And *waycirēm* *dāwid* from-upon-him.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyaḥgōr*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ḥgr* - and he girded",
"*dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*ḥarbô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his sword",
"*maddāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his garments",
"*wayyōʾel*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Hiphil imperfect of *yʾl* - and he tried/attempted",
"*lāleket*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct of *hlk* - to walk/go",
"*nissâ*": "3rd masculine singular Piel perfect of *nsh* - he had tested/tried",
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said",
"*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*ʾûkal*": "1st singular Qal imperfect of *ykl* - I am able",
"*nissîtî*": "1st singular Piel perfect of *nsh* - I have tested/tried",
"*waycirēm*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Hiphil imperfect of *swr* + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he removed them"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyaḥgōr*": "girded/strapped/fastened",
"*ḥarbô*": "his sword/his weapon",
"*wayyōʾel*": "tried/attempted/consented",
"*nissâ*": "tried/tested/experienced",
"*ʾûkal*": "am able/can/capable",
"*nissîtî*": "tried/tested/have experience with",
"*waycirēm*": "removed them/took them off"
}
}
40 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.40",
"source": "וַיִּקַּ֨ח מַקְל֜וֹ בְּיָד֗וֹ וַיִּבְחַר־ל֣וֹ חֲמִשָּׁ֣ה חֲ[c]לֻּקֵֽי־אֲבָנִ֣ים ׀ מִן־הַנַּ֡חַל וַיָּ֣שֶׂם אֹ֠תָם בִּכְלִ֨י הָרֹעִ֧ים אֲשֶׁר־ל֛וֹ וּבַיַּלְק֖וּט וְקַלְּע֣וֹ בְיָד֑וֹ וַיִּגַּ֖שׁ אֶל־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּֽי׃",
"text": "And *wayyiqqaḥ* *maqlô* in-*yādô* and *wayyibḥar*-to-him five *ḥalluqê*-*ʾăbānîm* from-the-*naḥal* and *wayyāśem* *ʾōtām* in-*kəlî* the-*rōʿîm* which-to-him and-in-the-*yalqûṭ* and-*qallʿô* in-*yādô*; and *wayyigaš* to-the-*pəlištî*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyiqqaḥ*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *lqḥ* - and he took",
"*maqlô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his staff",
"*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand",
"*wayyibḥar*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *bḥr* - and he chose",
"*ḥalluqê*": "adjective, masculine plural construct - smooth",
"*ʾăbānîm*": "noun, feminine plural - stones",
"*naḥal*": "noun, masculine singular - brook/stream/wadi",
"*wayyāśem*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *śym* - and he put",
"*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine plural suffix - them",
"*kəlî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - vessel/tool",
"*rōʿîm*": "Qal active participle of *rʿh*, masculine plural - shepherds",
"*yalqûṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - pouch/bag",
"*qallʿô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his sling",
"*wayyigaš*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ngš* - and he approached",
"*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine"
},
"variants": {
"*maqlô*": "his staff/his rod/his stick",
"*wayyibḥar*": "chose/selected/picked out",
"*ḥalluqê*": "smooth/flat/rounded",
"*naḥal*": "brook/stream/wadi/riverbed",
"*kəlî*": "vessel/implement/container",
"*rōʿîm*": "shepherds/those who tend sheep",
"*yalqûṭ*": "pouch/bag/shepherd's bag",
"*qallʿô*": "his sling/his slingshot",
"*wayyigaš*": "approached/drew near/stepped forward"
}
}
41 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.41",
"source": "וַיֵּ֙לֶךְ֙ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י הֹלֵ֥ךְ וְקָרֵ֖ב אֶל־דָּוִ֑ד וְהָאִ֛ישׁ נֹשֵׂ֥א הַצִּנָּ֖ה לְפָנָֽיו׃",
"text": "And *wayyēlek* the-*pəlištî* *hōlēk* and-*qārēb* to-*dāwid*, and-the-*ʾîš* *nōśēʾ* the-*ṣinnâ* before-him.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyēlek*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *hlk* - and he went",
"*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine",
"*hōlēk*": "Qal active participle of *hlk*, masculine singular - going/walking",
"*qārēb*": "Qal active participle of *qrb*, masculine singular - approaching/drawing near",
"*dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man",
"*nōśēʾ*": "Qal active participle of *nśʾ*, masculine singular - carrying/bearing",
"*ṣinnâ*": "noun, feminine singular - large shield"
},
"variants": {
"*hōlēk*": "going/walking/proceeding",
"*qārēb*": "approaching/drawing near/advancing",
"*ʾîš*": "man/person/soldier",
"*nōśēʾ*": "carrying/bearing/holding",
"*ṣinnâ*": "large shield/body shield"
}
}
42 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.42",
"source": "וַיַּבֵּ֧ט הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֛י וַיִּרְאֶ֥ה אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד וַיִּבְזֵ֑הוּ כִּֽי־הָיָ֣ה נַ֔עַר וְאַדְמֹנִ֖י עִם־יְפֵ֥ה מַרְאֶֽה׃",
"text": "And *wayyabbēṭ* the-*pəlištî* and *wayyirʾeh* *ʾet*-*dāwid* and *wayyibzēhû*, for-*hāyâ* *naʿar* and-*ʾadmōnî* with-*yəpēh* *marʾeh*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyabbēṭ*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Hiphil imperfect of *nbṭ* - and he looked",
"*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine",
"*wayyirʾeh*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *rʾh* - and he saw",
"*dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*wayyibzēhû*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *bzh* + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he despised him",
"*hāyâ*": "3rd masculine singular Qal perfect of *hyh* - he was",
"*naʿar*": "noun, masculine singular - youth/boy",
"*ʾadmōnî*": "adjective, masculine singular - ruddy/reddish",
"*yəpēh*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - beautiful/handsome",
"*marʾeh*": "noun, masculine singular - appearance"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyabbēṭ*": "looked/gazed/observed",
"*wayyirʾeh*": "saw/noticed/perceived",
"*wayyibzēhû*": "despised him/disdained him/looked down on him",
"*naʿar*": "youth/boy/young man",
"*ʾadmōnî*": "ruddy/reddish/of fair complexion",
"*yəpēh*": "handsome/beautiful/fair",
"*marʾeh*": "appearance/look/countenance"
}
}
43 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.43",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַפְּלִשְׁתִּי֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד הֲכֶ֣לֶב אָנֹ֔כִי כִּֽי־אַתָּ֥ה בָֽא־אֵלַ֖י בַּמַּקְל֑וֹת וַיְקַלֵּ֧ל הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֛י אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד בֵּאלֹהָֽיו׃",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* the-*pəlištî* to-*dāwid*, \"?*keleb* *ʾānōkî* that-you *bāʾ*-to-me with-the-*maqlôt*?\" And *wayqallēl* the-*pəlištî* *ʾet*-*dāwid* by-*ʾĕlōhāyw*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said",
"*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine",
"*dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*keleb*": "noun, masculine singular - dog",
"*ʾānōkî*": "1st singular independent pronoun - I",
"*bāʾ*": "Qal participle masculine singular construct of *bwʾ* - coming/approaching",
"*maqlôt*": "noun, masculine plural - staves/rods/sticks",
"*wayqallēl*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Piel imperfect of *qll* - and he cursed",
"*ʾĕlōhāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his gods"
},
"variants": {
"*keleb*": "dog/contemptible person",
"*bāʾ*": "coming/approaching/attacking",
"*maqlôt*": "staves/sticks/clubs/rods",
"*wayqallēl*": "cursed/reviled/insulted",
"*ʾĕlōhāyw*": "his gods/his deities/his divine beings"
}
}
44 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.44",
"source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י אֶל־דָּוִ֑ד לְכָ֣ה אֵלַ֔י וְאֶתְּנָה֙ אֶת־בְּשָׂ֣רְךָ֔ לְע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וּלְבֶהֱמַ֥ת הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃ ס",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* the-*pəlištî* to-*dāwid*, \"*ləkâ* to-me, and *ʾettənâ* *ʾet*-*bəśārəkā* to-*ʿôp* the-*šāmayim* and-to-*behĕmat* the-*śādeh*. *s*\"",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said",
"*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine",
"*dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*ləkâ*": "Qal imperative masculine singular of *hlk* + directional he - come",
"*ʾettənâ*": "1st singular Qal imperfect cohortative of *ntn* - I will give",
"*bəśārəkā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your flesh",
"*ʿôp*": "noun, masculine singular construct - birds/fowl",
"*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine dual - heavens/sky",
"*behĕmat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - beasts/animals",
"*śādeh*": "noun, masculine singular - field",
"*s*": "section marker in Hebrew text"
},
"variants": {
"*ləkâ*": "come/approach/go",
"*ʾettənâ*": "I will give/I will provide/I will offer",
"*bəśārəkā*": "your flesh/your body/your carcass",
"*ʿôp*": "birds/fowl/flying creatures",
"*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky",
"*behĕmat*": "beasts/animals/wildlife",
"*śādeh*": "field/open country/wilderness"
}
}
45 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.45",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י אַתָּה֙ בָּ֣א אֵלַ֔י בְּחֶ֖רֶב וּבַחֲנִ֣ית וּבְכִיד֑וֹן וְאָנֹכִ֣י בָֽא־אֵלֶ֗יךָ בְּשֵׁם֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֛י מַעַרְכ֥וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר חֵרַֽפְתָּ׃",
"text": "*wə-yōʾmer* *Dāwid* to-the-*pəlištî* you *bāʾ* to-me with-*ḥereb* and-with-*ḥănît* and-with-*kîdôn* and-I *bāʾ*-to-you in-*šēm* *YHWH* *ṣəbāʾôt* *ʾĕlōhê* *maʿărəkôt* *Yiśrāʾēl* whom you-have-*ḥēraptā*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and said",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David",
"*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine",
"*bāʾ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - coming/approaching",
"*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword",
"*ḥănît*": "noun, feminine singular - spear",
"*kîdôn*": "noun, masculine singular - javelin/scimitar",
"*bāʾ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - coming/approaching",
"*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - name of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD (divine name)",
"*ṣəbāʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - of hosts/armies",
"*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - God of",
"*maʿărəkôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - armies/ranks of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ḥēraptā*": "piel perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have defied/taunted/reproached"
},
"variants": {
"*kîdôn*": "javelin/scimitar/short spear",
"*ṣəbāʾôt*": "armies/hosts/heavenly forces",
"*maʿărəkôt*": "battle lines/ranks/armies",
"*ḥēraptā*": "defied/taunted/reproached/insulted"
}
}
46 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.46",
"source": "הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֡ה יְסַגֶּרְךָ֩ יְהוָ֨ה בְּיָדִ֜י וְהִכִּיתִ֗ךָ וַהֲסִרֹתִ֤י אֶת־רֹֽאשְׁךָ֙ מֵעָלֶ֔יךָ וְנָ֨תַתִּ֜י פֶּ֣גֶר מַחֲנֵ֤ה פְלִשְׁתִּים֙ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה לְע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וּלְחַיַּ֣ת הָאָ֑רֶץ וְיֵֽדְעוּ֙ כָּל־הָאָ֔רֶץ כִּ֛י יֵ֥שׁ אֱלֹהִ֖ים לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃",
"text": "the-*yôm* the-*zeh* *yəsaggerəkā* *YHWH* in-*yād*-my and-*hikkîtîkā* and-*hăsirōtî* *ʾet*-*rōʾš*-your from-upon-you and-*nātattî* *peger* *maḥănēh* *pəlištîm* the-*yôm* the-*zeh* to-*ʿôp* the-*šāmayim* and-to-*ḥayyat* the-*ʾāreṣ* and-*yēdəʿû* all-the-*ʾāreṣ* that *yēš* *ʾĕlōhîm* to-*Yiśrāʾēl*",
"grammar": {
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the day",
"*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective, masculine singular - this",
"*yəsaggerəkā*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - he will deliver you",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD (divine name)",
"*yād*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person suffix - my hand",
"*hikkîtîkā*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - I will strike you",
"*hăsirōtî*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I will remove",
"*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your head",
"*nātattî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I will give",
"*peger*": "noun, masculine singular construct - carcass/corpse of",
"*maḥănēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - camp/army of",
"*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines",
"*ʿôp*": "noun, masculine singular construct - birds/fowl of",
"*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the heavens",
"*ḥayyat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - beasts/animals of",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land",
"*yēdəʿû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they will know",
"*yēš*": "existential particle - there is/exists",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel"
},
"variants": {
"*yəsaggerəkā*": "deliver you/shut you up/enclose you",
"*peger*": "corpse/carcass/dead body",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods (grammatically plural form used for singular deity)"
}
}
47 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.47",
"source": "וְיֵֽדְעוּ֙ כָּל־הַקָּהָ֣ל הַזֶּ֔ה כִּֽי־לֹ֛א בְּחֶ֥רֶב וּבַחֲנִ֖ית יְהוֹשִׁ֣יעַ יְהוָ֑ה כִּ֤י לַֽיהוָה֙ הַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וְנָתַ֥ן אֶתְכֶ֖ם בְּיָדֵֽנוּ׃",
"text": "and-*yēdəʿû* all-the-*qāhāl* the-*zeh* that-not with-*ḥereb* and-with-*ḥănît* *yəhôšîaʿ* *YHWH* for to-*YHWH* the-*milḥāmāh* and-*nātan* *ʾetkem* in-*yād*-our",
"grammar": {
"*yēdəʿû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they will know",
"*qāhāl*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - assembly/congregation",
"*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective, masculine singular - this",
"*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword",
"*ḥănît*": "noun, feminine singular - spear",
"*yəhôšîaʿ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he saves/delivers",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD (divine name)",
"*milḥāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the battle/war",
"*nātan*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will give",
"*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker with 2nd masculine plural suffix - you (plural)",
"*yād*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st plural suffix - our hand"
},
"variants": {
"*qāhāl*": "assembly/congregation/group",
"*yəhôšîaʿ*": "saves/delivers/rescues",
"*milḥāmāh*": "battle/war/fight"
}
}
48 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.48",
"source": "וְהָיָה֙ כִּֽי־קָ֣ם הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ וַיִּקְרַ֖ב לִקְרַ֣את דָּוִ֑ד וַיְמַהֵ֣ר דָּוִ֔ד וַיָּ֥רָץ הַמַּעֲרָכָ֖ה לִקְרַ֥את הַפְּלִשְׁתִּֽי׃",
"text": "and-*hāyāh* when-*qām* the-*pəlištî* *wə-yēlek* and-*yiqrab* to-*qirʾat* *Dāwid* and-*yəmahēr* *Dāwid* and-*yāroṣ* the-*maʿărākāh* to-*qirʾat* the-*pəlištî*",
"grammar": {
"*hāyāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it happened/was",
"*qām*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - arose/stood up",
"*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine",
"*wə-yēlek*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and went/walked",
"*yiqrab*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - approached/drew near",
"*qirʾat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - meeting of",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David",
"*yəmahēr*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - hastened/hurried",
"*yāroṣ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - ran",
"*maʿărākāh*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the battle line/array",
"*qirʾat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - meeting of",
"*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine"
},
"variants": {
"*maʿărākāh*": "battle line/formation/ranks/array"
}
}
49 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.49",
"source": "וַיִּשְׁלַח֩ דָּוִ֨ד אֶת־יָד֜וֹ אֶל־הַכֶּ֗לִי וַיִּקַּ֨ח מִשָּׁ֥ם אֶ֙בֶן֙ וַיְקַלַּ֔ע וַיַּ֥ךְ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י אֶל־מִצְח֑וֹ וַתִּטְבַּ֤ע הָאֶ֙בֶן֙ בְּמִצְח֔וֹ וַיִּפֹּ֥ל עַל־פָּנָ֖יו אָֽרְצָה׃",
"text": "*wə-yišlaḥ* *Dāwid* *ʾet*-*yād*-his to-the-*kelî* *wə-yiqqaḥ* from-there *ʾeben* and-*yəqallaʿ* and-*yaḵ* *ʾet*-the-*pəlištî* to-*mēṣaḥ*-his *wa-tiṭbaʿ* the-*ʾeben* in-*mēṣaḥ*-his and-*yippōl* on-*pānîm*-his *ʾarṣāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yišlaḥ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and sent/put out",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David",
"*yād*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand",
"*kelî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the vessel/bag/pouch",
"*wə-yiqqaḥ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and took",
"*ʾeben*": "noun, feminine singular - stone",
"*yəqallaʿ*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - slung/hurled",
"*yaḵ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - struck",
"*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine",
"*mēṣaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his forehead",
"*wa-tiṭbaʿ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and sank/penetrated",
"*ʾeben*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the stone",
"*mēṣaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his forehead",
"*yippōl*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - fell",
"*pānîm*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his face",
"*ʾarṣāh*": "noun, feminine singular with directional suffix - to the ground"
},
"variants": {
"*kelî*": "vessel/bag/pouch/equipment",
"*yəqallaʿ*": "slung/hurled/shot",
"*tiṭbaʿ*": "sank/penetrated/embedded"
}
}
50 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.50",
"source": "וַיֶּחֱזַ֨ק דָּוִ֤ד מִן־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּי֙ בַּקֶּ֣לַע וּבָאֶ֔בֶן וַיַּ֥ךְ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י וַיְמִיתֵ֑הוּ וְחֶ֖רֶב אֵ֥ין בְּיַד־דָּוִֽד׃",
"text": "*wə-yeḥĕzaq* *Dāwid* from-the-*pəlištî* with-the-*qelaʿ* and-with-the-*ʾeben* and-*yaḵ* *ʾet*-the-*pəlištî* and-*yəmîtēhû* and-*ḥereb* *ʾên* in-*yad*-*Dāwid*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yeḥĕzaq*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and prevailed/was stronger",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David",
"*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine",
"*qelaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the sling",
"*ʾeben*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the stone",
"*yaḵ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - struck",
"*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine",
"*yəmîtēhû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - killed him",
"*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword",
"*ʾên*": "negative existential particle - there was not",
"*yad*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hand of",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David"
},
"variants": {
"*yeḥĕzaq*": "prevailed/was stronger/overcame",
"*qelaʿ*": "sling/slingshot"
}
}
51 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.51",
"source": "וַיָּ֣רָץ דָּ֠וִד וַיַּעֲמֹ֨ד אֶל־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֜י וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֶת־חַ֠רְבּוֹ וַֽיִּשְׁלְפָ֤הּ מִתַּעְרָהּ֙ וַיְמֹ֣תְתֵ֔הוּ וַיִּכְרָת־בָּ֖הּ אֶת־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ וַיִּרְא֧וּ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֛ים כִּֽי־מֵ֥ת גִּבּוֹרָ֖ם וַיָּנֻֽסוּ׃",
"text": "*wə-yāroṣ* *Dāwid* and-*yaʿămōd* to-the-*pəlištî* and-*yiqqaḥ* *ʾet*-*ḥarbô* and-*yišləpāhh* from-*taʿrāh* and-*yəmōtətēhû* and-*yiḵrōt*-with-it *ʾet*-*rōʾš*-his and-*yirʾû* the-*pəlištîm* that-*mēt* *gibbôrām* and-*yānusû*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yāroṣ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and ran",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David",
"*yaʿămōd*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - stood",
"*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine",
"*yiqqaḥ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - took",
"*ḥarbô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his sword",
"*yišləpāhh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - drew it",
"*taʿrāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - its sheath",
"*yəmōtətēhû*": "polel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - killed him",
"*yiḵrōt*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - cut off",
"*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his head",
"*yirʾû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - saw",
"*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural with definite article - the Philistines",
"*mēt*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - died/was dead",
"*gibbôrām*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their champion/mighty man",
"*yānusû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - fled"
},
"variants": {
"*yišləpāhh*": "drew it/pulled it out",
"*yəmōtətēhû*": "killed him/put him to death",
"*gibbôrām*": "champion/mighty man/warrior"
}
}
52 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.52",
"source": "וַיָּקֻ֣מוּ אַנְשֵׁי֩ יִשְׂרָאֵ֨ל וִיהוּדָ֜ה וַיָּרִ֗עוּ וַֽיִּרְדְּפוּ֙ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים עַד־בּוֹאֲךָ֣ גַ֔יְא וְעַ֖ד שַׁעֲרֵ֣י עֶקְר֑וֹן וַֽיִּפְּל֞וּ חַֽלְלֵ֤י פְלִשְׁתִּים֙ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ שַׁעֲרַ֔יִם וְעַד־גַּ֖ת וְעַד־עֶקְרֽוֹן",
"text": "*wə-yāqumû* *ʾanšê* *Yiśrāʾēl* and-*Yəhûdāh* and-*yārîʿû* and-*yirdəpû* *ʾet*-the-*pəlištîm* until-*bôʾăḵā* *gayʾ* and-until *šaʿărê* *ʿeqrôn* and-*yippəlû* *ḥalələê* *pəlištîm* in-*dereḵ* *šaʿărayim* and-until-*gat* and-until-*ʿeqrôn*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yāqumû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and arose/stood up",
"*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - men of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*Yəhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah",
"*yārîʿû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - shouted",
"*yirdəpû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - pursued",
"*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural with definite article - the Philistines",
"*bôʾăḵā*": "qal infinitive construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your coming/entrance to",
"*gayʾ*": "noun, masculine singular - valley",
"*šaʿărê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - gates of",
"*ʿeqrôn*": "proper noun - Ekron",
"*yippəlû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - fell",
"*ḥalələê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - wounded/slain of",
"*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines",
"*dereḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - way/road of",
"*šaʿărayim*": "proper noun - Shaaraim",
"*gat*": "proper noun - Gath",
"*ʿeqrôn*": "proper noun - Ekron"
},
"variants": {
"*yārîʿû*": "shouted/raised war cry",
"*ḥalələê*": "wounded/slain/fallen",
"*šaʿărayim*": "proper name Shaaraim/possibly 'two gates'"
}
}
53 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.53",
"source": "וַיָּשֻׁ֙בוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִדְּלֹ֖ק אַחֲרֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיָּשֹׁ֖סּוּ אֶת־מַחֲנֵיהֶֽם׃",
"text": "*wə-yāšuḇû* *bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* from-*dəlōq* after *pəlištîm* and-*yāšossû* *ʾet*-*maḥănêhem*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yāšuḇû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and returned",
"*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons/children of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*dəlōq*": "qal infinitive construct - pursuing hotly",
"*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines",
"*yāšossû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - plundered",
"*maḥănêhem*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their camps"
},
"variants": {
"*dəlōq*": "pursuing hotly/chasing",
"*yāšossû*": "plundered/looted/spoiled"
}
}
54 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.54",
"source": "וַיִּקַּ֤ח דָּוִד֙ אֶת־רֹ֣אשׁ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י וַיְבִאֵ֖הוּ יְרוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם וְאֶת־כֵּלָ֖יו שָׂ֥ם בְּאָהֳלֽוֹ׃",
"text": "*wə-yiqqaḥ* *Dāwid* *ʾet*-*rōʾš* the-*pəlištî* and-*yəḇiʾēhû* *Yərûšālā͏im* and-*ʾet*-*kēlāyw* *śām* in-*ʾohŏlô*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yiqqaḥ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and took",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David",
"*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - head of",
"*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine",
"*yəḇiʾēhû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - brought it",
"*Yərûšālā͏im*": "proper noun - Jerusalem",
"*kēlāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his weapons/equipment",
"*śām*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - put/placed",
"*ʾohŏlô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his tent"
},
"variants": {
"*kēlāyw*": "weapons/equipment/armor/tools"
}
}
55 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.55",
"source": "וְכִרְא֨וֹת שָׁא֜וּל אֶת־דָּוִ֗ד יֹצֵא֙ לִקְרַ֣את הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י אָמַ֗ר אֶל־אַבְנֵר֙ שַׂ֣ר הַצָּבָ֔א בֶּן־מִי־זֶ֥ה הַנַּ֖עַר אַבְנֵ֑ר וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אַבְנֵ֔ר חֵֽי־נַפְשְׁךָ֥ הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אִם־יָדָֽעְתִּי׃",
"text": "and-when-*kirʾôt* *Šāʾûl* *ʾet*-*Dāwid* *yōṣēʾ* to-*qirʾat* the-*pəlištî* *ʾāmar* to-*ʾaḇnēr* *śar* the-*ṣāḇāʾ* son-of-who-*zeh* the-*naʿar* *ʾaḇnēr* and-*yōʾmer* *ʾaḇnēr* by-*ḥê*-*nepšəḵā* the-*meleḵ* if-*yādāʿtî*",
"grammar": {
"*kirʾôt*": "qal infinitive construct - seeing",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine - Saul",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David",
"*yōṣēʾ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - going out",
"*qirʾat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - meeting of",
"*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine",
"*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said",
"*ʾaḇnēr*": "proper noun, masculine - Abner",
"*śar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - commander of",
"*ṣāḇāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the army",
"*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this",
"*naʿar*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the young man/youth",
"*ʾaḇnēr*": "proper noun, masculine - Abner",
"*yōʾmer*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - said",
"*ʾaḇnēr*": "proper noun, masculine - Abner",
"*ḥê*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - life of",
"*nepšəḵā*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your soul",
"*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the king",
"*yādāʿtî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I know"
},
"variants": {
"*kirʾôt*": "seeing/watching/observing",
"*naʿar*": "young man/youth/servant/boy",
"*ḥê-nepšəḵā*": "as your soul lives/by your life (oath formula)"
}
}
56 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.56",
"source": "וַיֹּ֖אמֶר הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ שְׁאַ֣ל אַתָּ֔ה בֶּן־מִי־זֶ֖ה הָעָֽלֶם׃",
"text": "*wə-yōʾmer* the-*meleḵ* *šəʾal* you son-of-who-*zeh* the-*ʿālem*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and said",
"*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the king",
"*šəʾal*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - ask/inquire",
"*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this",
"*ʿālem*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the young man/youth"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿālem*": "young man/youth/lad (slightly different word than *naʿar* in previous verse)"
}
}
57 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.57",
"source": "וּכְשׁ֣וּב דָּוִ֗ד מֵֽהַכּוֹת֙ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י וַיִּקַּ֤ח אֹתוֹ֙ אַבְנֵ֔ר וַיְבִאֵ֖הוּ לִפְנֵ֣י שָׁא֑וּל וְרֹ֥אשׁ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י בְּיָדֽוֹ׃",
"text": "and-when-*šûḇ* *Dāwid* from-*hakkôt* *ʾet*-the-*pəlištî* and-*yiqqaḥ* *ʾōtô* *ʾaḇnēr* and-*yəḇiʾēhû* before *Šāʾûl* and-*rōʾš* the-*pəlištî* in-*yādô*",
"grammar": {
"*šûḇ*": "qal infinitive construct - returning",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David",
"*hakkôt*": "hiphil infinitive construct - striking/killing",
"*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine",
"*yiqqaḥ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - took",
"*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine singular suffix - him",
"*ʾaḇnēr*": "proper noun, masculine - Abner",
"*yəḇiʾēhû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - brought him",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine - Saul",
"*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - head of",
"*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine",
"*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand"
},
"variants": {
"*hakkôt*": "striking/killing/slaying"
}
}
58 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.58",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ שָׁא֔וּל בֶּן־מִ֥י אַתָּ֖ה הַנָּ֑עַר וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֔ד בֶּֽן־עַבְדְּךָ֥ יִשַׁ֖י בֵּ֥ית הַלַּחְמִֽי׃",
"text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *ʾēlāyw* *Šāʾûl* *ben*-*mî* *ʾattâ* the-*naʿar* *wa-yōʾmer* *Dāwid* *ben*-*ʿabdĕkā* *Yišay* *bêt* the-*laḥmî*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*ʾēlāyw*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Saul",
"*ben*": "construct state, masculine singular - son of",
"*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who",
"*ʾattâ*": "2nd masculine singular pronoun - you",
"*ha-naʿar*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the young man/youth",
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David",
"*ben*": "construct state, masculine singular - son of",
"*ʿabdĕkā*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servant",
"*Yišay*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jesse",
"*bêt*": "construct state, masculine singular - house of/from",
"*ha-laḥmî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective - the Bethlehemite"
},
"variants": {
"*ben-mî*": "whose son/son of whom",
"*naʿar*": "young man/youth/servant/boy",
"*ben-ʿabdĕkā*": "son of your servant",
"*bêt ha-laḥmî*": "house of the Bethlehemite/Bethlehemite/from Bethlehem"
}
}