3 {
"verseID": "Lamentations.2.3",
"source": "גָּדַ֣ע בָּֽחֳרִי אַ֗ף כֹּ֚ל קֶ֣רֶן יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הֵשִׁ֥יב אָח֛וֹר יְמִינ֖וֹ מִפְּנֵ֣י אוֹיֵ֑ב וַיִּבְעַ֤ר בְּיַעֲקֹב֙ כְּאֵ֣שׁ לֶֽהָבָ֔ה אָכְלָ֖ה סָבִֽיב׃",
"text": "*gāḏaʿ* in-*ḥorî* *ʾap̄* all *qeren* *yiśrāʾēl* *hēšîḇ* *ʾāḥôr* *yəmînô* from-*pənê* *ʾôyēḇ* and-*wayyiḇʿar* in-*yaʿăqōḇ* like-*ʾēš* *lehāḇâ* *ʾāḵlâ* *sāḇîḇ*",
"grammar": {
"*gāḏaʿ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has cut off/hewn down",
"*bāḥorî-ʾap̄*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + noun - in fierce anger",
"*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all/every",
"*qeren*": "noun, feminine singular construct - horn/power of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*hēšîḇ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has drawn back/withdrawn",
"*ʾāḥôr*": "adverb - backward",
"*yəmînô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his right hand",
"*mippənê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - from before/from the face of",
"*ʾôyēḇ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - enemy",
"*wayyiḇʿar*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he has burned",
"*bəyaʿăqōḇ*": "preposition + proper noun - in Jacob",
"*kəʾēš*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - like fire",
"*lehāḇâ*": "noun, feminine singular - flame",
"*ʾāḵlâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - it has devoured",
"*sāḇîḇ*": "adverb - around/surrounding"
},
"variants": {
"*gāḏaʿ*": "cut off/cut down/hew down/break",
"*ḥorî-ʾap̄*": "burning anger/fierce anger/heat of anger",
"*qeren*": "horn/power/strength/might",
"*hēšîḇ*": "turn back/withdraw/draw back/return",
"*yəmînô*": "right hand/right side/south",
"*wayyiḇʿar*": "burn/consume/kindle/be kindled",
"*lehāḇâ*": "flame/blaze/flashing blade",
"*ʾāḵlâ*": "devour/consume/eat"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Lamentations.2.4",
"source": "דָּרַ֨ךְ קַשְׁתּ֜וֹ כְּאוֹיֵ֗ב נִצָּ֤ב יְמִינוֹ֙ כְּצָ֔ר וַֽיַּהֲרֹ֔ג כֹּ֖ל מַחֲמַדֵּי־עָ֑יִן בְּאֹ֙הֶל֙ בַּת־צִיּ֔וֹן שָׁפַ֥ךְ כָּאֵ֖שׁ חֲמָתֽוֹ׃",
"text": "*dāraḵ* *qaštô* like-*ʾôyēḇ* *niṣṣāḇ* *yəmînô* like-*ṣār* and-*wayyahărōḡ* all *maḥămaddê*-*ʿāyin* in-*ʾōhel* daughter-*ṣiyyôn* *šāp̄aḵ* like-*ʾēš* *ḥămāṯô*",
"grammar": {
"*dāraḵ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has bent/drawn",
"*qaštô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his bow",
"*kəʾôyēḇ*": "preposition + qal participle, masculine singular - like an enemy",
"*niṣṣāḇ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has stationed/positioned himself",
"*yəmînô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his right hand",
"*kəṣār*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - like an adversary",
"*wayyahărōḡ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he has slain",
"*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all/every",
"*maḥămaddê-ʿāyin*": "construct chain - pleasant things to the eye/delights of the eye",
"*bəʾōhel*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in the tent of",
"*baṯ-ṣiyyôn*": "construct chain - daughter of Zion",
"*šāp̄aḵ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has poured out",
"*kāʾēš*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - like fire",
"*ḥămāṯô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his fury"
},
"variants": {
"*dāraḵ*": "bend/draw/tread/march",
"*niṣṣāḇ*": "station oneself/take a stand/be positioned",
"*ṣār*": "adversary/enemy/foe/oppressor",
"*wayyahărōḡ*": "kill/slay/murder",
"*maḥămaddê-ʿāyin*": "delights of the eye/pleasant things to see/visually pleasing things",
"*šāp̄aḵ*": "pour out/spill/shed"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Lamentations.2.5",
"source": "הָיָ֨ה אֲדֹנָ֤י ׀ כְּאוֹיֵב֙ בִּלַּ֣ע יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בִּלַּע֙ כָּל־אַרְמְנוֹתֶ֔יהָ שִׁחֵ֖ת מִבְצָרָ֑יו וַיֶּ֙רֶב֙ בְּבַת־יְהוּדָ֔ה תַּאֲנִיָּ֖ה וַאֲנִיָּֽה׃",
"text": "*hāyâ* *ʾăḏōnāy* like-*ʾôyēḇ* *billaʿ* *yiśrāʾēl* *billaʿ* all-*ʾarmənôṯêhā* *šiḥēṯ* *miḇṣārāyw* and-*wayyereḇ* in-daughter-*yəhûḏâ* *taʾăniyyâ* and-*ʾăniyyâ*",
"grammar": {
"*hāyâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has become",
"*ʾăḏōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular - Lord",
"*kəʾôyēḇ*": "preposition + qal participle, masculine singular - like an enemy",
"*billaʿ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has swallowed up",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*billaʿ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has swallowed up",
"*kol-ʾarmənôṯêhā*": "construct chain + 3rd feminine singular suffix - all her palaces",
"*šiḥēṯ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has destroyed",
"*miḇṣārāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his strongholds",
"*wayyereḇ*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he has multiplied",
"*bəḇaṯ-yəhûḏâ*": "preposition + construct chain - in daughter of Judah",
"*taʾăniyyâ*": "noun, feminine singular - mourning",
"*waʾăniyyâ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and moaning"
},
"variants": {
"*hāyâ*": "become/come to pass/occur/happen",
"*billaʿ*": "swallow up/engulf/devour/destroy",
"*šiḥēṯ*": "destroy/ruin/corrupt/spoil",
"*wayyereḇ*": "multiply/increase/make great",
"*taʾăniyyâ*": "mourning/lamentation/sorrow",
"*ʾăniyyâ*": "moaning/groaning/sighing/lamentation"
}
}