1{
"verseID": "Genesis.11.1",
"source": "וֽ͏ַיְהִ֥י כָל־הָאָ֖רֶץ שָׂפָ֣ה אֶחָ֑ת וּדְבָרִ֖ים אֲחָדִֽים׃",
"text": "*wə-yᵊhî* all-the-*ʾāreṣ* *śāpâ* *ʾeḥāt* and-*dᵊbārîm* *ʾăḥādîm*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yᵊhî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it was/became",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular construct - land/earth",
"*śāpâ*": "feminine singular construct - lip/language/speech",
"*ʾeḥāt*": "feminine singular - one",
"*dᵊbārîm*": "masculine plural - words/things/matters",
"*ʾăḥādîm*": "masculine plural - one/united/the same"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yᵊhî*": "and it was/and it came to pass",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground/world",
"*śāpâ*": "lip/language/speech/edge",
"*dᵊbārîm*": "words/things/matters",
"*ʾăḥādîm*": "few/united/same/one kind"
}
}
2{
"verseID": "Genesis.11.2",
"source": "וֽ͏ַיְהִ֖י בְּנָסְעָ֣ם מִקֶּ֑דֶם וֽ͏ַיִּמְצְא֥וּ בִקְעָ֛ה בְּאֶ֥רֶץ שִׁנְעָ֖ר וַיֵּ֥שְׁבוּ שָֽׁם׃",
"text": "*wə-yᵊhî* in-*nāsᵊʿām* from-*qedem* *wə-yimṣᵊʾû* *biqᵊʿâ* in-*ʾereṣ* *šinᵊʿār* *wə-yēšᵊbû* there",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yᵊhî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it was/became",
"*nāsᵊʿām*": "qal infinitive construct with 3rd plural suffix - their journeying",
"*qedem*": "noun masculine singular - east/ancient time",
"*wə-yimṣᵊʾû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd plural - and they found",
"*biqᵊʿâ*": "noun feminine singular - valley/plain",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun feminine singular construct - land/earth",
"*šinᵊʿār*": "proper noun - Shinar",
"*wə-yēšᵊbû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd plural - and they settled/dwelt"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yᵊhî*": "and it happened/and it came to pass",
"*nāsᵊʿām*": "their journey/their moving/their setting out",
"*qedem*": "east/ancient times/before/in front",
"*wə-yimṣᵊʾû*": "and they found/discovered",
"*biqᵊʿâ*": "valley/plain/wide area",
"*šinᵊʿār*": "Shinar (Babylonia)",
"*wə-yēšᵊbû*": "and they dwelt/settled/remained"
}
}
3{
"verseID": "Genesis.11.3",
"source": "וַיֹּאמְר֞וּ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֗הוּ הָ֚בָה נִלְבְּנָ֣ה לְבֵנִ֔ים וְנִשְׂרְפָ֖ה לִשְׂרֵפָ֑ה וַתְּהִ֨י לָהֶ֤ם הַלְּבֵנָה֙ לְאָ֔בֶן וְהַ֣חֵמָ֔ר הָיָ֥ה לָהֶ֖ם לַחֹֽמֶר׃",
"text": "*wə-yōʾmᵊrû* *ʾîš* to-*rēʿēhû* *hābâ* *nilᵊbᵊnâ* *lᵊbēnîm* and-*niśᵊrᵊpâ* to-*śᵊrēpâ* *wə-tᵊhî* to-them the-*lᵊbēnâ* for-*ʾāben* and-the-*ḥēmār* *hāyâ* to-them for-*ḥōmer*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yōʾmᵊrû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they said",
"*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - man/each",
"*rēʿēhû*": "noun masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his neighbor",
"*hābâ*": "verb qal imperative - give/come",
"*nilᵊbᵊnâ*": "verb qal imperfect 1st plural cohortative - let us make bricks",
"*lᵊbēnîm*": "noun feminine plural - bricks",
"*niśᵊrᵊpâ*": "verb qal imperfect 1st plural cohortative - let us burn",
"*śᵊrēpâ*": "noun feminine singular - burning",
"*wə-tᵊhî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - and it became",
"*lᵊbēnâ*": "noun feminine singular - brick",
"*ʾāben*": "noun feminine singular - stone",
"*ḥēmār*": "noun masculine singular - asphalt/bitumen",
"*hāyâ*": "verb qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - was",
"*ḥōmer*": "noun masculine singular - mortar/clay"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yōʾmᵊrû*": "and they said/told/spoke",
"*ʾîš*": "man/each one/person",
"*rēʿēhû*": "his neighbor/companion/friend",
"*hābâ*": "come!/give!/come now!",
"*nilᵊbᵊnâ*": "let us make bricks",
"*lᵊbēnîm*": "bricks",
"*niśᵊrᵊpâ*": "let us burn",
"*śᵊrēpâ*": "burning/firing",
"*ḥēmār*": "bitumen/asphalt/tar",
"*ḥōmer*": "mortar/cement/clay"
}
}
4{
"verseID": "Genesis.11.4",
"source": "וַיֹּאמְר֞וּ הָ֣בָה ׀ נִבְנֶה־לָּ֣נוּ עִ֗יר וּמִגְדָּל֙ וְרֹאשׁ֣וֹ בַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְנַֽעֲשֶׂה־לָּ֖נוּ שֵׁ֑ם פֶּן־נָפ֖וּץ עַל־פְּנֵ֥י כָל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃",
"text": "*wə-yōʾmᵊrû* *hābâ* *nibneh*-to-us *ʿîr* and-*migdāl* and-*rōʾšô* in-the-*šāmayim* and-*naʿăśeh*-to-us *šēm* lest-*nāpûṣ* upon-*pᵊnê* all-the-*ʾāreṣ*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yōʾmᵊrû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they said",
"*hābâ*": "verb qal imperative - give/come",
"*nibneh*": "verb qal imperfect 1st plural cohortative - let us build",
"*ʿîr*": "noun feminine singular - city",
"*migdāl*": "noun masculine singular - tower",
"*rōʾšô*": "noun masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - its top/head",
"*šāmayim*": "noun masculine plural - heavens/sky",
"*naʿăśeh*": "verb qal imperfect 1st plural cohortative - let us make",
"*šēm*": "noun masculine singular - name/reputation",
"*nāpûṣ*": "verb qal imperfect 1st plural - we are scattered",
"*pᵊnê*": "noun masculine plural construct - face/surface of",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "noun feminine singular - earth/land"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yōʾmᵊrû*": "and they said/spoke",
"*hābâ*": "come!/give!/come now!",
"*nibneh*": "let us build",
"*ʿîr*": "city/town",
"*migdāl*": "tower/fortress",
"*rōʾšô*": "its top/head/summit",
"*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky",
"*naʿăśeh*": "let us make/do/create",
"*šēm*": "name/reputation/fame",
"*nāpûṣ*": "we are scattered/dispersed/spread"
}
}
5{
"verseID": "Genesis.11.5",
"source": "וַיֵּ֣רֶד יְהוָ֔ה לִרְאֹ֥ת אֶת־הָעִ֖יר וְאֶת־הַמִּגְדָּ֑ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּנ֖וּ בְּנֵ֥י הָאָדָֽם׃",
"text": "*wə-yēred* *YHWH* to-*rᵊʾōt* *ʾet*-the-*ʿîr* and-*ʾet*-the-*migdāl* which *bānû* *bᵊnê* the-*ʾādām*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yēred*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he came down",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD",
"*rᵊʾōt*": "qal infinitive construct - to see",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ʿîr*": "noun feminine singular - city",
"*migdāl*": "noun masculine singular - tower",
"*bānû*": "verb qal perfect 3rd common plural - they built",
"*bᵊnê*": "noun masculine plural construct - sons of",
"*ʾādām*": "noun masculine singular - man/mankind/Adam"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yēred*": "and he came down/descended",
"*YHWH*": "the LORD/Yahweh",
"*rᵊʾōt*": "to see/observe/inspect",
"*ʿîr*": "city/town",
"*migdāl*": "tower/fortress",
"*bānû*": "they built/constructed",
"*bᵊnê*": "sons of/children of",
"*ʾādām*": "mankind/humanity/humankind"
}
}