Hosea 8:4

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Hosea.8.4", "source": "הֵ֤ם הִמְלִיכוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א מִמֶּ֔נִּי הֵשִׂ֖ירוּ וְלֹ֣א יָדָ֑עְתִּי כַּסְפָּ֣ם וּזְהָבָ֗ם עָשׂ֤וּ לָהֶם֙ עֲצַבִּ֔ים לְמַ֖עַן יִכָּרֵֽת׃", "text": "They *himlîḵû* and not from me; they *hēśîrû* and not *yāḏāʿətî*; their *kaspām* and their *zəhāḇām* they *ʿāśû* for themselves *ʿăṣabbîm*, in order that *yikkārēṯ*.", "grammar": { "*himlîḵû*": "verb, hifil perfect, 3rd person plural - they made king/crowned", "*hēśîrû*": "verb, hifil perfect, 3rd person plural - they appointed/removed", "*yāḏāʿətî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I knew", "*kaspām*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their silver", "*zəhāḇām*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their gold", "*ʿāśû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they made", "*ʿăṣabbîm*": "noun, masculine, plural absolute - idols/images", "*yikkārēṯ*": "verb, nifal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he/it will be cut off" }, "variants": { "*himlîḵû*": "they made king/installed as ruler/crowned", "*hēśîrû*": "they appointed/removed/set up princes", "*yāḏāʿətî*": "I knew/acknowledged/approved", "*ʿăṣabbîm*": "idols/images/objects of grief", "*yikkārēṯ*": "it will be cut off/destroyed/removed" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

הֵ֤ם הִמְלִיכוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א מִמֶּ֔נִּי הֵשִׂ֖ירוּ וְלֹ֣א יָדָ֑עְתִּי כַּסְפָּ֣ם וּזְהָבָ֗ם עָשׂ֤וּ לָהֶם֙ עֲצַבִּ֔ים לְמַ֖עַן יִכָּרֵֽת׃

Transliteration

They himlîḵû and not from me; they hēśîrû and not yāḏāʿətî; their kaspām and their zəhāḇām they ʿāśû for themselves ʿăṣabbîm, in order that yikkārēṯ.

Grammar Details

• *himlîḵû*: verb, hifil perfect, 3rd person plural - they made king/crowned
• *hēśîrû*: verb, hifil perfect, 3rd person plural - they appointed/removed
• *yāḏāʿətî*: verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I knew
• *kaspām*: noun, masculine, singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their silver
• *zəhāḇām*: noun, masculine, singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their gold
• *ʿāśû*: verb, qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they made
• *ʿăṣabbîm*: noun, masculine, plural absolute - idols/images
• *yikkārēṯ*: verb, nifal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he/it will be cut off

Word Meanings

• *himlîḵû*: they made king/installed as ruler/crowned
• *hēśîrû*: they appointed/removed/set up princes
• *yāḏāʿətî*: I knew/acknowledged/approved
• *ʿăṣabbîm*: idols/images/objects of grief
• *yikkārēṯ*: it will be cut off/destroyed/removed

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  They set up kings, but not by me; they appointed leaders, but I did not know of it. With their silver and gold, they made idols for themselves, to their own destruction.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  They have set up kings, but not by me: they have made princes, and I knew it not: of their silver and their gold have they made them idols, that they may be cut off.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  They have set up kings, but not by me; they have made princes, and I did not acknowledge it. From their silver and their gold, they have made idols for themselves, that they may be cut off.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  They have set up kings, but not by me: they have made princes, and I knew it not: of their silver and their gold have they made them idols, that they may be cut off.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  They have set up kings, but not by me; they have made princes, and I knew it not: of their silver and their gold have they made them idols, that they may be cut off.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  They have set up kings, but not by me: they have made princes, and I knew it not: of their silver and their gold have they made them idols, that they may be cut off.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  They haue ordened kinges, but not thorow me: they haue made prynces, and I must not knowe of it. Of their syluer and golde haue they made them ymages, to bringe them selues to destruccion.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  They haue set vp a King, but not by me: they haue made princes, and I knew it not: of their siluer and their gold haue they made them idoles: therefore shall they be destroyed.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  They haue ordeyned kinges, but not through me, they haue made princes, and I knewe it not: of their siluer and golde haue they made them idols, therfore shall they be destroyed.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  They have set up kings, but not by me: they have made princes, and I knew [it] not: of their silver and their gold have they made them idols, that they may be cut off.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  They have set up kings, but not by me. They have made princes, and I didn't approve. Of their silver and their gold they have made themselves idols, That they may be cut off.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  They have made kings, and not by Me, They have made princes, and I have not known, Their silver and their gold they have made to them idols, So that they are cut off.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  They have set up kings, but not by me; they have made princes, and I knew it not: of their silver and their gold have they made them idols, that they may be cut off.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  They have set up kings, but not by me; they have made princes, and I knew it not: of their silver and their gold have they made them idols, that they may be cut off.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  They have put up kings, but not by me; they have made princes, but I had no knowledge of it; they have made images of silver and gold, so that they may be cut off.

• World English Bible (2000)

  They have set up kings, but not by me. They have made princes, and I didn't approve. Of their silver and their gold they have made themselves idols, that they may be cut off.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  The Political and Cultic Sin of Israel They enthroned kings without my consent! They appointed princes without my approval! They made idols out of their silver and gold, but they will be destroyed!

Referenced Verses

• Hos 2:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Hosea.2.8", "source": "‫לָכֵ֛ן הִנְנִי־שָׂ֥ךְ אֶת־דַּרְכֵּ֖ךְ בַּסִּירִ֑ים וְגָֽדַרְתִּי֙ אֶת־גְּדֵרָ֔הּ וּנְתִיבוֹתֶ֖יהָ לֹ֥א תִמְצָֽא׃‬", "text": "Therefore *hinnî*-*śāk* *ʾet*-*darkēk* with-the-*sîrîm*; and *gādartî* *ʾet*-*gədērāh* and *nətîbôtêhā* not *timṣāʾ*.", "grammar": { "*hinnî*": "demonstrative particle + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - behold I", "*śāk*": "qal participle, masculine, singular - hedging", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*darkēk*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 2nd singular, feminine - your way", "*sîrîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - thorns", "*gādartî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I will wall up", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*gədērāh*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her wall", "*nətîbôtêhā*": "noun, feminine, plural + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her paths", "*timṣāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd singular, feminine - she will find" }, "variants": { "*hinnî*": "behold I/here I am", "*śāk*": "hedging/placing obstacles/blocking", "*darkēk*": "your way/road/journey", "*sîrîm*": "thorns/briars/thorn bushes", "*gādartî*": "I will wall up/hedge up/fence in", "*gədērāh*": "her wall/fence/barrier", "*nətîbôtêhā*": "her paths/trails/routes", "*timṣāʾ*": "she will find/discover/locate" } }
• Hos 13:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Hosea.13.2", "source": "וְעַתָּ֣ה ׀ יוֹסִ֣פוּ לַחֲטֹ֗א וַיַּעְשׂ֣וּ לָהֶם֩ מַסֵּכָ֨ה מִכַּסְפָּ֤ם כִּתְבוּנָם֙ עֲצַבִּ֔ים מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה חָרָשִׁ֖ים כֻּלֹּ֑ה לָהֶם֙ הֵ֣ם אֹמְרִ֔ים זֹבְחֵ֣י אָדָ֔ם עֲגָלִ֖ים יִשָּׁקֽוּן׃", "text": "*wə-ʿattâ* they *yāsap̄* to-*ḥāṭāʾ* *wə-* they *ʿāśâ* for-them *massēkâ* from-*kesep̄*-their according-to-*tᵉbûnâ*-their *ʿăṣabbîm* *maʿăśē* *ḥārāšîm* all-of-it to-them they *ʾāmar* *zōbᵉḥê* *ʾādām* *ʿăgālîm* they *nāšaq*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʿattâ*": "conjunction + adverb - 'and now'", "*yāsap̄*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - 'add/continue to'", "*ḥāṭāʾ*": "Qal infinitive construct - 'to sin'", "*wə-*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*ʿāśâ*": "Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - 'made/fashioned'", "*massēkâ*": "noun, feminine singular - 'molten image/cast idol'", "*kesep̄*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person plural suffix - 'silver'", "*tᵉbûnâ*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person plural suffix - 'understanding/skill'", "*ʿăṣabbîm*": "noun, masculine plural - 'idols/images'", "*maʿăśē*": "construct noun, masculine singular - 'work of'", "*ḥārāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - 'craftsmen/artificers'", "*ʾāmar*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - 'saying'", "*zōbᵉḥê*": "Qal participle construct, masculine plural - 'sacrificers of'", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - 'man/mankind'", "*ʿăgālîm*": "noun, masculine plural - 'calves'", "*nāšaq*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - 'kiss'" }, "variants": { "*yāsap̄*": "continue to/keep on/add to", "*ḥāṭāʾ*": "sin/miss the mark/offend", "*ʿāśâ*": "made/fashioned/constructed", "*massēkâ*": "molten image/cast idol/metal statue", "*tᵉbûnâ*": "understanding/skill/intelligence/discernment", "*ʿăṣabbîm*": "idols/grievous things/images/painful things", "*ḥārāšîm*": "craftsmen/artisans/smiths", "*zōbᵉḥê*": "sacrificers of/those who sacrifice", "*ʾādām*": "men/mankind/humans", "*ʿăgālîm*": "calves/bull images", "*nāšaq*": "kiss/do homage to/worship" } }
• 2 Kgs 15:10-30 : 10 { "verseID": "2 Kings.15.10", "source": "וַיִּקְשֹׁ֤ר עָלָיו֙ שַׁלֻּ֣ם בֶּן־יָבֵ֔שׁ וַיַּכֵּ֥הוּ קָֽבָלְ־עָ֖ם וַיְמִיתֵ֑הוּ וַיִּמְלֹ֖ךְ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃", "text": "*Wayyiqshōr* against *'ālāyw* *Shallūm* *ben*-*Yāvēsh* *wayyakkēhū* *qāvāl*-*'ām* *wayəmīthēhū* *wayyimlōkh* *taḥtāyw*.", "grammar": { "*wayyiqshōr*": "Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he conspired", "*'ālāyw*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - against him", "*Shallūm*": "proper name - Shallum", "*ben*": "masculine singular construct - son of", "*Yāvēsh*": "proper name - Jabesh", "*wayyakkēhū*": "Hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he struck him", "*qāvāl*": "before/in front of", "*'ām*": "masculine singular - people", "*wayəmīthēhū*": "Hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he killed him", "*wayyimlōkh*": "Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he reigned/became king", "*taḥtāyw*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his place" }, "variants": { "*wayyiqshōr*": "conspired/plotted/made a conspiracy", "*qāvāl*-*'ām*": "before the people/publicly/in front of the people", "*wayəmīthēhū*": "killed him/put him to death" } } 11 { "verseID": "2 Kings.15.11", "source": "וְיֶ֖תֶר דִּבְרֵ֣י זְכַרְיָ֑ה הִנָּ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And *yether* *divrēy* *Zəkharyāh* behold-they *kəthūvīm* on-*sēfer* *divrēy* the *yāmīm* for *malkhēy* *Yisrā'ēl*.", "grammar": { "*yether*": "masculine singular construct - remainder of/rest of", "*divrēy*": "masculine plural construct - words of/acts of/matters of", "*Zəkharyāh*": "proper name - Zechariah", "*kəthūvīm*": "Qal passive participle, masculine plural - written", "*sēfer*": "masculine singular construct - book of/scroll of", "*yāmīm*": "masculine plural with definite article - the days", "*malkhēy*": "masculine plural construct - kings of", "*Yisrā'ēl*": "proper name - Israel" }, "variants": { "*yether* *divrēy*": "rest of the acts/remainder of the words/other matters", "*sēfer* *divrēy* the *yāmīm*": "book of the chronicles/record of daily events" } } 12 { "verseID": "2 Kings.15.12", "source": "ה֣וּא דְבַר־יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֤ר אֶל־יֵהוּא֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר בְּנֵ֣י רְבִיעִ֔ים יֵשְׁב֥וּ לְךָ֖ עַל־כִּסֵּ֣א יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וֽ͏ַיְהִי־כֵֽן׃", "text": "He *dəvar*-*YHWH* which *dibbēr* to-*Yēhū'* *lē'mōr* *bənēy* fourth [generation] *yēshəvū* to *ləkhā* on-*kissē'* *Yisrā'ēl* *wayəhī*-thus.", "grammar": { "*dəvar*": "masculine singular construct - word of", "*YHWH*": "proper name - LORD", "*dibbēr*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he spoke", "*Yēhū'*": "proper name - Jehu", "*lē'mōr*": "Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*bənēy*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*yēshəvū*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will sit", "*ləkhā*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - for you", "*kissē'*": "masculine singular construct - throne of", "*Yisrā'ēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*wayəhī*": "Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and it was" }, "variants": { "*dəvar*-*YHWH*": "word of the LORD/saying of the LORD", "*bənēy* fourth": "sons of four generations/sons to the fourth generation", "*yēshəvū*": "will sit/will dwell/will reign" } } 13 { "verseID": "2 Kings.15.13", "source": "שַׁלּ֤וּם בֶּן־יָבֵישׁ֙ מָלַ֔ךְ בִּשְׁנַ֨ת שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים וָתֵ֙שַׁע֙ שָׁנָ֔ה לְעֻזִיָּ֖ה מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיִּמְלֹ֥ךְ יֶֽרַח־יָמִ֖ים בְּשֹׁמְרֽוֹן׃", "text": "*Shallūm* *ben*-*Yāvēysh* *mālakh* in *shənath* thirty and nine *shānāh* to *'Uzziyyāh* *melekh* *Yəhūdāh* *wayyimlōkh* *yeraḥ*-*yāmīm* in *Shōmərōn*.", "grammar": { "*Shallūm*": "proper name - Shallum", "*ben*": "masculine singular construct - son of", "*Yāvēysh*": "proper name - Jabesh", "*mālakh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he reigned/became king", "*shənath*": "construct state, feminine singular - year of", "*shānāh*": "feminine singular - year", "*'Uzziyyāh*": "proper name - Uzziah", "*melekh*": "masculine singular construct - king of", "*Yəhūdāh*": "proper name - Judah", "*wayyimlōkh*": "Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he reigned", "*yeraḥ*": "masculine singular construct - month of", "*yāmīm*": "masculine plural - days", "*Shōmərōn*": "proper name - Samaria" }, "variants": { "*mālakh*": "reigned/became king/ruled", "*yeraḥ*-*yāmīm*": "a full month/a month of days", "*'Uzziyyāh*": "alternate name for Azariah" } } 14 { "verseID": "2 Kings.15.14", "source": "וַיַּעַל֩ מְנַחֵ֨ם בֶּן־גָּדִ֜י מִתִּרְצָ֗ה וַיָּבֹא֙ שֹׁמְר֔וֹן וַיַּ֛ךְ אֶת־שַׁלּ֥וּם בֶּן־יָבֵ֖ישׁ בְּשֹׁמְר֑וֹן וַיְמִיתֵ֖הוּ וַיִּמְלֹ֥ךְ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃", "text": "*Wayya'al* *Mənaḥēm* *ben*-*Gādī* from *Tirtsāh* *wayyāvō'* *Shōmərōn* *wayyakh* *'eth*-*Shallūm* *ben*-*Yāvēsh* in *Shōmərōn* *wayəmīthēhū* *wayyimlōkh* *taḥtāyw*.", "grammar": { "*wayya'al*": "Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he went up", "*Mənaḥēm*": "proper name - Menahem", "*ben*": "masculine singular construct - son of", "*Gādī*": "proper name - Gadi", "*Tirtsāh*": "proper name - Tirzah", "*wayyāvō'*": "Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he came", "*Shōmərōn*": "proper name - Samaria", "*wayyakh*": "Hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he struck", "*Shallūm*": "proper name - Shallum", "*Yāvēsh*": "proper name - Jabesh", "*wayəmīthēhū*": "Hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he killed him", "*wayyimlōkh*": "Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he reigned/became king", "*taḥtāyw*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his place" }, "variants": { "*wayya'al*": "went up/ascended/came up", "*wayyakh*": "struck/attacked/defeated", "*wayəmīthēhū*": "killed him/put him to death" } } 15 { "verseID": "2 Kings.15.15", "source": "וְיֶ֙תֶר֙ דִּבְרֵ֣י שַׁלּ֔וּם וְקִשְׁר֖וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר קָשָׁ֑ר הִנָּ֣ם כְּתֻבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And *yether* *divrēy* *Shallūm* and *qishrō* which *qāshār* behold-they *kəthūvīm* on-*sēfer* *divrēy* the *yāmīm* for *malkhēy* *Yisrā'ēl*.", "grammar": { "*yether*": "masculine singular construct - remainder of/rest of", "*divrēy*": "masculine plural construct - words of/acts of/matters of", "*Shallūm*": "proper name - Shallum", "*qishrō*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his conspiracy", "*qāshār*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he conspired", "*kəthūvīm*": "Qal passive participle, masculine plural - written", "*sēfer*": "masculine singular construct - book of/scroll of", "*yāmīm*": "masculine plural with definite article - the days", "*malkhēy*": "masculine plural construct - kings of", "*Yisrā'ēl*": "proper name - Israel" }, "variants": { "*yether* *divrēy*": "rest of the acts/remainder of the words/other matters", "*qishrō*": "his conspiracy/his plot/his treason", "*sēfer* *divrēy* the *yāmīm*": "book of the chronicles/record of daily events" } } 16 { "verseID": "2 Kings.15.16", "source": "אָ֣ז יַכֶּֽה־מְ֠נַחֵם אֶת־תִּפְסַ֨ח וְאֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֤הּ וְאֶת־גְּבוּלֶ֙יהָ֙ מִתִּרְצָ֔ה כִּ֛י לֹ֥א פָתַ֖ח וַיַּ֑ךְ אֵ֛ת כָּל־הֶהָ֥רוֹתֶ֖יהָ בִּקֵּֽעַ׃", "text": "Then *yakkeh*-*Mənaḥēm* *'eth*-*Tifsaḥ* and *'eth*-all-which-in her and *'eth*-*gəvūleyhā* from *Tirtsāh* because not *pāthaḥ* *wayyakh* *'ēth* all-the *hehārōtheyhā* *biqqēa'*.", "grammar": { "*yakkeh*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he struck", "*Mənaḥēm*": "proper name - Menahem", "*Tifsaḥ*": "proper name - Tiphsah", "*gəvūleyhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her borders/territories", "*Tirtsāh*": "proper name - Tirzah", "*pāthaḥ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he opened", "*wayyakh*": "Hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he struck", "*hehārōtheyhā*": "feminine plural noun with definite article and 3rd feminine singular suffix - her pregnant women", "*biqqēa'*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he ripped open/split open" }, "variants": { "*yakkeh*": "struck/attacked/defeated", "*gəvūleyhā*": "her borders/her territories/her surrounding regions", "*pāthaḥ*": "opened/surrendered/submitted", "*hehārōtheyhā*": "her pregnant women", "*biqqēa'*": "ripped open/split open/cut open" } } 17 { "verseID": "2 Kings.15.17", "source": "בִּשְׁנַ֨ת שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים וָתֵ֙שַׁע֙ שָׁנָ֔ה לַעֲזַרְיָ֖ה מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה מָ֠לַךְ מְנַחֵ֨ם בֶּן־גָּדִ֧י עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל עֶ֥שֶׂר שָׁנִ֖ים בְּשֹׁמְרֽוֹן׃", "text": "In *shənat* thirty and nine *shanah* to *ʿAzaryah* *melek* *Yəhudah*; *malak* *Mənaḥem* *ben*-*Gadi* over-*Yisraʾel* ten *shanim* in *Shomron*.", "grammar": { "*shənat*": "construct state, feminine singular - year of", "*shanah*": "feminine singular - year", "*ʿAzaryah*": "proper name - Azariah", "*melek*": "construct state, masculine singular - king of", "*Yəhudah*": "proper name - Judah", "*malak*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - reigned/became king", "*Mənaḥem*": "proper name - Menahem", "*ben*": "construct state, masculine singular - son of", "*Gadi*": "proper name - Gadi", "*Yisraʾel*": "proper name - Israel", "*shanim*": "feminine plural - years", "*Shomron*": "proper name - Samaria" }, "variants": { "*malak*": "reigned/became king/ruled", "*shənat*": "in the year of", "*Shomron*": "Samaria/Shomron (capital city)" } } 18 { "verseID": "2 Kings.15.18", "source": "וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה לֹ֣א סָ֠ר מֵעַ֨ל חַטֹּ֜אות יָרָבְעָ֧ם בֶּן־נְבָ֛ט אֲשֶׁר־הֶחֱטִ֥יא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל כָּל־יָמָֽיו׃", "text": "And *yaʿas* the *raʿ* in *ʿeyne* *YHWH*; not *sar* from upon *ḥattoʾt* *Yarobʿam* *ben*-*Nəbat* which-*heḥetiʾ* *ʾet*-*Yisraʾel* all-*yamaw*.", "grammar": { "*yaʿas*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - he did/made", "*raʿ*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the evil", "*ʿeyne*": "construct state, plural - eyes of", "*YHWH*": "proper name - LORD/Yahweh", "*sar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - turned aside", "*ḥattoʾt*": "feminine plural construct - sins of", "*Yarobʿam*": "proper name - Jeroboam", "*ben*": "construct state, masculine singular - son of", "*Nəbat*": "proper name - Nebat", "*heḥetiʾ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - caused to sin", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Yisraʾel*": "proper name - Israel", "*yamaw*": "masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his days" }, "variants": { "*raʿ*": "evil/wickedness/bad", "*sar*": "turned aside/departed/deviated", "*heḥetiʾ*": "caused to sin/led into sin" } } 19 { "verseID": "2 Kings.15.19", "source": "בָּ֣א פ֤וּל מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר֙ עַל־הָאָ֔רֶץ וַיִּתֵּ֤ן מְנַחֵם֙ לְפ֔וּל אֶ֖לֶף כִּכַּר־כָּ֑סֶף לִהְי֤וֹת יָדָיו֙ אִתּ֔וֹ לְהַחֲזִ֥יק הַמַּמְלָכָ֖ה בְּיָדֽוֹ׃", "text": "*Baʾ* *Pul* *melek*-*ʾAshshur* against-the *ʾarets*, and *yitten* *Mənaḥem* to *Pul* thousand *kikkar*-*kaseph* to *lihyot* *yadaw* with him, to *haḥaziq* the *mamlakah* in *yado*.", "grammar": { "*Baʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - came", "*Pul*": "proper name - Pul", "*melek*": "construct state, masculine singular - king of", "*ʾAshshur*": "proper name - Assyria", "*ʾarets*": "definite noun, feminine singular - the land", "*yitten*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - gave", "*Mənaḥem*": "proper name - Menahem", "*kikkar*": "construct state, feminine singular - talent of", "*kaseph*": "masculine singular - silver", "*lihyot*": "qal infinitive construct with prefix - to be", "*yadaw*": "feminine dual with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hands", "*haḥaziq*": "hiphil infinitive construct with prefix - to strengthen", "*mamlakah*": "definite noun, feminine singular - the kingdom", "*yado*": "feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand" }, "variants": { "*Pul*": "Pul (Tiglath-Pileser III)", "*kikkar*": "talent (unit of weight/money)", "*haḥaziq*": "to strengthen/to establish/to hold firm" } } 20 { "verseID": "2 Kings.15.20", "source": "וַיֹּצֵא֩ מְנַחֵ֨ם אֶת־הַכֶּ֜סֶף עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל עַ֚ל כָּל־גִּבּוֹרֵ֣י הַחַ֔יִל לָתֵת֙ לְמֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר חֲמִשִּׁ֧ים שְׁקָלִ֛ים כֶּ֖סֶף לְאִ֣ישׁ אֶחָ֑ד וַיָּ֙שָׁב֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר וְלֹא־עָ֥מַד שָׁ֖ם בָּאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "And *yotseʾ* *Mənaḥem* *ʾet*-the *keseph* upon-*Yisraʾel*, upon all-*gibbore* the *ḥayil* to *latet* to *melek* *ʾAshshur* fifty *shəqalim* *keseph* to *ʾish* one; and *yashob* *melek* *ʾAshshur* and not-*ʿamad* there in the *ʾarets*.", "grammar": { "*yotseʾ*": "hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - brought out/exacted", "*Mənaḥem*": "proper name - Menahem", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*keseph*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the silver/money", "*Yisraʾel*": "proper name - Israel", "*gibbore*": "construct state, masculine plural - mighty men of", "*ḥayil*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the wealth/valor", "*latet*": "qal infinitive construct - to give", "*melek*": "construct state, masculine singular - king of", "*ʾAshshur*": "proper name - Assyria", "*shəqalim*": "masculine plural - shekels", "*keseph*": "masculine singular - silver", "*ʾish*": "masculine singular - man", "*yashob*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - returned", "*ʿamad*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - remained/stayed", "*ʾarets*": "definite noun, feminine singular - the land" }, "variants": { "*yotseʾ*": "brought out/exacted/raised", "*gibbore*": "mighty men/warriors/wealthy men", "*ḥayil*": "wealth/valor/ability/strength", "*ʿamad*": "remained/stayed/stood" } } 21 { "verseID": "2 Kings.15.21", "source": "וְיֶ֛תֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י מְנַחֵ֖ם וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה הֲלוֹא־הֵ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And *yeter* *dibre* *Mənaḥem* and all-which *ʿasah*; are not-they *kətubim* upon-*sepher* *dibre* the *yamim* to *malke* *Yisraʾel*?", "grammar": { "*yeter*": "construct state, masculine singular - remainder of", "*dibre*": "construct state, masculine plural - words/matters/acts of", "*Mənaḥem*": "proper name - Menahem", "*ʿasah*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he did", "*kətubim*": "qal passive participle, masculine plural - written", "*sepher*": "construct state, masculine singular - book of", "*dibre*": "construct state, masculine plural - words/matters/chronicles of", "*yamim*": "definite noun, masculine plural - the days", "*malke*": "construct state, masculine plural - kings of", "*Yisraʾel*": "proper name - Israel" }, "variants": { "*yeter*": "remainder/rest/other", "*dibre*": "words/matters/acts/affairs", "*sepher*": "book/scroll/document" } } 22 { "verseID": "2 Kings.15.22", "source": "וַיִּשְׁכַּ֥ב מְנַחֵ֖ם עִם־אֲבֹתָ֑יו וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ פְּקַחְיָ֥ה בְנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ פ", "text": "And *yishkav* *Mənaḥem* with-*ʾabotaw*; and *yimlok* *Pəqaḥyah* *bəno* *taḥtaw*.", "grammar": { "*yishkav*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - lay down/slept", "*Mənaḥem*": "proper name - Menahem", "*ʾabotaw*": "masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his fathers", "*yimlok*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - reigned/became king", "*Pəqaḥyah*": "proper name - Pekahiah", "*bəno*": "masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his son", "*taḥtaw*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his place" }, "variants": { "*yishkav*": "lay down/slept/died (euphemism)", "*ʾabotaw*": "his fathers/ancestors" } } 23 { "verseID": "2 Kings.15.23", "source": "בִּשְׁנַת֙ חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה לַעֲזַרְיָ֖ה מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה מָ֠לַךְ פְּקַֽחְיָ֨ה בֶן־מְנַחֵ֧ם עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל בְּשֹׁמְר֖וֹן שְׁנָתָֽיִם׃", "text": "In *shənat* fifty *shanah* to *ʿAzaryah* *melek* *Yəhudah*; *malak* *Pəqaḥyah* *ben*-*Mənaḥem* over-*Yisraʾel* in *Shomron* *shənatayim*.", "grammar": { "*shənat*": "construct state, feminine singular - year of", "*shanah*": "feminine singular - year", "*ʿAzaryah*": "proper name - Azariah", "*melek*": "construct state, masculine singular - king of", "*Yəhudah*": "proper name - Judah", "*malak*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - reigned/became king", "*Pəqaḥyah*": "proper name - Pekahiah", "*ben*": "construct state, masculine singular - son of", "*Mənaḥem*": "proper name - Menahem", "*Yisraʾel*": "proper name - Israel", "*Shomron*": "proper name - Samaria", "*shənatayim*": "feminine dual - two years" }, "variants": { "*malak*": "reigned/became king/ruled", "*Shomron*": "Samaria/Shomron (capital city)" } } 24 { "verseID": "2 Kings.15.24", "source": "וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה לֹ֣א סָ֗ר מֵֽחַטֹּאות֙ יָרָבְעָ֣ם בֶּן־נְבָ֔ט אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶחֱטִ֖יא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And *yaʿas* the *raʿ* in *ʿeyne* *YHWH*; not *sar* from *ḥattoʾt* *Yarobʿam* *ben*-*Nəbat* which *heḥetiʾ* *ʾet*-*Yisraʾel*.", "grammar": { "*yaʿas*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - he did/made", "*raʿ*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the evil", "*ʿeyne*": "construct state, plural - eyes of", "*YHWH*": "proper name - LORD/Yahweh", "*sar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - turned aside", "*ḥattoʾt*": "feminine plural construct - sins of", "*Yarobʿam*": "proper name - Jeroboam", "*ben*": "construct state, masculine singular - son of", "*Nəbat*": "proper name - Nebat", "*heḥetiʾ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - caused to sin", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Yisraʾel*": "proper name - Israel" }, "variants": { "*raʿ*": "evil/wickedness/bad", "*sar*": "turned aside/departed/deviated", "*heḥetiʾ*": "caused to sin/led into sin" } } 25 { "verseID": "2 Kings.15.25", "source": "וַיִּקְשֹׁ֣ר עָלָיו֩ פֶּ֨קַח בֶּן־רְמַלְיָ֜הוּ שָׁלִישׁ֗וֹ וַיַּכֵּ֨הוּ בְשֹׁמְר֜וֹן בְּאַרְמ֤וֹן בֵּית־*מלך **הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֶת־אַרְגֹּ֣ב וְאֶת־הָאַרְיֵ֔ה וְעִמּ֛וֹ חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים אִ֖ישׁ מִבְּנֵ֣י גִלְעָדִ֑ים וַיְמִיתֵ֖הוּ וַיִּמְלֹ֥ךְ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃", "text": "And *yiqshor* against him *Peqaḥ* *ben*-*Rəmalyahu* *shalishō* and *yakkēhu* in *Shomron* in *ʾarmon* *bet*-the *melek* *ʾet*-*ʾArgob* and *ʾet*-the *ʾaryeh*, and with him fifty *ʾish* from *bəne* *Gilʿadim*; and *yəmitēhu* and *yimlok* *taḥtaw*.", "grammar": { "*yiqshor*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - conspired", "*Peqaḥ*": "proper name - Pekah", "*ben*": "construct state, masculine singular - son of", "*Rəmalyahu*": "proper name - Remaliah", "*shalishō*": "masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his officer/captain", "*yakkēhu*": "hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - struck him", "*Shomron*": "proper name - Samaria", "*ʾarmon*": "construct state, masculine singular - citadel/palace of", "*bet*": "construct state, masculine singular - house of", "*melek*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the king", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾArgob*": "proper name - Argob", "*ʾaryeh*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the lion", "*ʾish*": "masculine singular - men", "*bəne*": "construct state, masculine plural - sons of", "*Gilʿadim*": "proper name, masculine plural - Gileadites", "*yəmitēhu*": "hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - killed him", "*yimlok*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - reigned/became king", "*taḥtaw*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his place" }, "variants": { "*shalishō*": "his captain/officer/third man (military rank)", "*ʾarmon*": "citadel/palace/fortress", "*ʾArgob*": "proper name (a person or place)", "*ʾaryeh*": "lion (possibly a person's name or a symbolic term)" } } 26 { "verseID": "2 Kings.15.26", "source": "וְיֶ֛תֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י פְקַחְיָ֖ה וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה הִנָּ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ", "text": "And *yeter* *dibre* *Pəqaḥyah* and all-which *ʿasah*; behold them *kətubim* upon-*sepher* *dibre* the *yamim* to *malke* *Yisraʾel*.", "grammar": { "*yeter*": "construct state, masculine singular - remainder of", "*dibre*": "construct state, masculine plural - words/matters/acts of", "*Pəqaḥyah*": "proper name - Pekahiah", "*ʿasah*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he did", "*kətubim*": "qal passive participle, masculine plural - written", "*sepher*": "construct state, masculine singular - book of", "*dibre*": "construct state, masculine plural - words/matters/chronicles of", "*yamim*": "definite noun, masculine plural - the days", "*malke*": "construct state, masculine plural - kings of", "*Yisraʾel*": "proper name - Israel" }, "variants": { "*yeter*": "remainder/rest/other", "*dibre*": "words/matters/acts/affairs", "*sepher*": "book/scroll/document" } } 27 { "verseID": "2 Kings.15.27", "source": "בִּשְׁנַ֨ת חֲמִשִּׁ֤ים וּשְׁתַּ֙יִם֙ שָׁנָ֔ה לַעֲזַרְיָ֖ה מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה מָ֠לַךְ פֶּ֣קַח בֶּן־רְמַלְיָ֧הוּ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל בְּשֹׁמְר֖וֹן עֶשְׂרִ֥ים שָׁנָֽה׃", "text": "In *shənat* fifty and two *shanah* to *ʿAzaryah* *melek* *Yəhudah*; *malak* *Peqaḥ* *ben*-*Rəmalyahu* over-*Yisraʾel* in *Shomron* twenty *shanah*.", "grammar": { "*shənat*": "construct state, feminine singular - year of", "*shanah*": "feminine singular - year", "*ʿAzaryah*": "proper name - Azariah", "*melek*": "construct state, masculine singular - king of", "*Yəhudah*": "proper name - Judah", "*malak*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - reigned/became king", "*Peqaḥ*": "proper name - Pekah", "*ben*": "construct state, masculine singular - son of", "*Rəmalyahu*": "proper name - Remaliah", "*Yisraʾel*": "proper name - Israel", "*Shomron*": "proper name - Samaria", "*shanah*": "feminine singular - year" }, "variants": { "*malak*": "reigned/became king/ruled", "*Shomron*": "Samaria/Shomron (capital city)" } } 28 { "verseID": "2 Kings.15.28", "source": "וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה לֹ֣א סָ֗ר מִן־חַטֹּאות֙ יָרָבְעָ֣ם בֶּן־נְבָ֔ט אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶחֱטִ֖יא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And *yaʿas* the *raʿ* in *ʿeyne* *YHWH*; not *sar* from-*ḥattoʾt* *Yarobʿam* *ben*-*Nəbat* which *heḥetiʾ* *ʾet*-*Yisraʾel*.", "grammar": { "*yaʿas*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - he did/made", "*raʿ*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the evil", "*ʿeyne*": "construct state, plural - eyes of", "*YHWH*": "proper name - LORD/Yahweh", "*sar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - turned aside", "*ḥattoʾt*": "feminine plural construct - sins of", "*Yarobʿam*": "proper name - Jeroboam", "*ben*": "construct state, masculine singular - son of", "*Nəbat*": "proper name - Nebat", "*heḥetiʾ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - caused to sin", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Yisraʾel*": "proper name - Israel" }, "variants": { "*raʿ*": "evil/wickedness/bad", "*sar*": "turned aside/departed/deviated", "*heḥetiʾ*": "caused to sin/led into sin" } } 29 { "verseID": "2 Kings.15.29", "source": "בִּימֵ֞י פֶּ֣קַח מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל בָּא֮ תִּגְלַ֣ת פִּלְאֶסֶר֮ מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁוּר֒ וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֶת־עִיּ֡וֹן וְאֶת־אָבֵ֣ל בֵּֽית־מַעֲכָ֡ה וְאֶת־יָ֠נוֹחַ וְאֶת־קֶ֨דֶשׁ וְאֶת־חָצ֤וֹר וְאֶת־הַגִּלְעָד֙ וְאֶת־הַגָּלִ֔ילָה כֹּ֖ל אֶ֣רֶץ נַפְתָּלִ֑י וַיַּגְלֵ֖ם אַשּֽׁוּרָה׃", "text": "In *yəme* *Peqaḥ* *melek*-*Yisraʾel* *baʾ* *Tiglat Pilʾeser* *melek* *ʾAshshur*, and *yiqqaḥ* *ʾet*-*ʿIyyon* and *ʾet*-*ʾAbel Bet*-*Maʿakah* and *ʾet*-*Yanoaḥ* and *ʾet*-*Qedesh* and *ʾet*-*Ḥatsor* and *ʾet*-the *Gilʿad* and *ʾet*-the *Galilah*, all *ʾerets* *Naphtali*; and *yaglēm* *ʾAshshurah*.", "grammar": { "*yəme*": "construct state, masculine plural - days of", "*Peqaḥ*": "proper name - Pekah", "*melek*": "construct state, masculine singular - king of", "*Yisraʾel*": "proper name - Israel", "*baʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - came", "*Tiglat Pilʾeser*": "proper name - Tiglath-Pileser", "*melek*": "construct state, masculine singular - king of", "*ʾAshshur*": "proper name - Assyria", "*yiqqaḥ*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - took", "*ʿIyyon*": "proper name - Ijon", "*ʾAbel Bet*-*Maʿakah*": "proper name - Abel Beth Maacah", "*Yanoaḥ*": "proper name - Janoah", "*Qedesh*": "proper name - Kedesh", "*Ḥatsor*": "proper name - Hazor", "*Gilʿad*": "definite proper name - the Gilead", "*Galilah*": "definite proper name - the Galilee", "*ʾerets*": "construct state, feminine singular - land of", "*Naphtali*": "proper name - Naphtali", "*yaglēm*": "hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - exiled them", "*ʾAshshurah*": "proper name with directional he - to Assyria" }, "variants": { "*yaglēm*": "exiled them/carried them away captive", "*ʾAshshurah*": "to Assyria/Asshur" } } 30 { "verseID": "2 Kings.15.30", "source": "וַיִּקְשָׁר־קֶ֜שֶׁר הוֹשֵׁ֣עַ בֶּן־אֵלָ֗ה עַל־פֶּ֙קַח֙ בֶּן־רְמַלְיָ֔הוּ וַיַּכֵּ֙הוּ֙ וַיְמִיתֵ֔הוּ וַיִּמְלֹ֖ךְ תַּחְתָּ֑יו בִּשְׁנַ֣ת עֶשְׂרִ֔ים לְיוֹתָ֖ם בֶּן־עֻזִיָּֽה׃", "text": "And *yiqshar*-*qesher* *Hosheaʿ* *ben*-*ʾElah* against-*Peqaḥ* *ben*-*Rəmalyahu* and *yakkēhu* and *yəmitēhu* and *yimlok* *taḥtaw*; in *shənat* twenty to *Yotam* *ben*-*ʿUzziyah*.", "grammar": { "*yiqshar*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - conspired", "*qesher*": "masculine singular - conspiracy", "*Hosheaʿ*": "proper name - Hoshea", "*ben*": "construct state, masculine singular - son of", "*ʾElah*": "proper name - Elah", "*Peqaḥ*": "proper name - Pekah", "*ben*": "construct state, masculine singular - son of", "*Rəmalyahu*": "proper name - Remaliah", "*yakkēhu*": "hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - struck him", "*yəmitēhu*": "hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - killed him", "*yimlok*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - reigned/became king", "*taḥtaw*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his place", "*shənat*": "construct state, feminine singular - year of", "*Yotam*": "proper name - Jotham", "*ben*": "construct state, masculine singular - son of", "*ʿUzziyah*": "proper name - Uzziah" }, "variants": { "*yiqshar*-*qesher*": "conspired a conspiracy/made a conspiracy", "*yakkēhu*": "struck him/attacked him", "*yəmitēhu*": "killed him/put him to death" } }
• Jer 44:7-8 : 7 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.44.7", "source": "וְעַתָּ֡ה כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָה֩ אֱלֹהֵ֨י צְבָא֜וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לָמָה֩ אַתֶּ֨ם עֹשִׂ֜ים רָעָ֤ה גְדוֹלָה֙ אֶל־נַפְשֹׁ֣תֵכֶ֔ם לְהַכְרִ֨ית לָכֶ֧ם אִישׁ־וְאִשָּׁ֛ה עוֹלֵ֥ל וְיוֹנֵ֖ק מִתּ֣וֹךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה לְבִלְתִּ֛י הוֹתִ֥יר לָכֶ֖ם שְׁאֵרִֽית׃", "text": "And-now thus-*ʾāmar* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê ṣebāʾôt* *ʾĕlōhê yiśrāʾēl* why you *ʿōśîm* *rāʿāh gedôlāh* to-*napšōtêkem* to-*hakrît* to-you *ʾîš*-and-*ʾiššāh* *ʿôlēl* and-*yônēq* from-midst-of *yehûdāh* to-*biltî* *hôtîr* to-you *šeʾērît*", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "perfect verb, 3rd singular masculine - said", "*ʾĕlōhê ṣebāʾôt*": "construct chain - God of hosts/armies", "*ʾĕlōhê yiśrāʾēl*": "construct chain - God of Israel", "*ʿōśîm*": "participle plural masculine - doing", "*rāʿāh gedôlāh*": "noun with adjective - great evil", "*napšōtêkem*": "plural noun with possessive suffix, 2nd plural - your souls", "*hakrît*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to cut off", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*ʾiššāh*": "noun, feminine singular - woman", "*ʿôlēl*": "noun, masculine singular - child/infant", "*yônēq*": "participle, masculine singular - nursing/suckling", "*biltî*": "negative particle - not to", "*hôtîr*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to leave/remain", "*šeʾērît*": "noun, feminine singular - remnant" }, "variants": { "*rāʿāh gedôlāh*": "great evil/harm/calamity", "*napšōtêkem*": "your souls/lives/selves", "*hakrît*": "to cut off/destroy/eliminate", "*ʿôlēl*": "child/infant/toddler", "*yônēq*": "nursing infant/suckling", "*šeʾērît*": "remnant/remainder/survivors" } } 8 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.44.8", "source": "לְהַכְעִסֵ֙נִי֙ בְּמַעֲשֵׂ֣י יְדֵיכֶ֔ם לְקַטֵּ֞ר לֵאלֹהִ֤ים אֲחֵרִים֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם אֲשֶׁר־אַתֶּ֥ם בָּאִ֖ים לָג֣וּר שָׁ֑ם לְמַ֙עַן֙ הַכְרִ֣ית לָכֶ֔ם וּלְמַ֤עַן הֱיֽוֹתְכֶם֙ לִקְלָלָ֣ה וּלְחֶרְפָּ֔ה בְּכֹ֖ל גּוֹיֵ֥י הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "To-*hakʿîsēnî* in-*maʿăśê yedêkem* to-*qaṭṭēr* to-*ʾĕlōhîm ʾăḥērîm* in-*ʾereṣ miṣrayim* which-you *bāʾîm* to-*lāgûr* there to-*maʿan* *hakrît* to-you and-to-*maʿan* *hĕyôtekem* to-*qelālāh* and-to-*ḥerpāh* in-all *gôyê hāʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*hakʿîsēnî*": "hiphil infinitive with object suffix, 1st singular - to provoke me to anger", "*maʿăśê yedêkem*": "construct chain - works of your hands", "*qaṭṭēr*": "piel infinitive construct - to burn incense/offer sacrifices", "*ʾĕlōhîm ʾăḥērîm*": "noun with adjective - other gods", "*ʾereṣ miṣrayim*": "construct chain - land of Egypt", "*bāʾîm*": "participle, masculine plural - coming/entering", "*lāgûr*": "infinitive construct - to sojourn/dwell temporarily", "*maʿan*": "conjunction - in order that/so that", "*hakrît*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to cut off", "*hĕyôtekem*": "infinitive construct with possessive suffix, 2nd plural - your becoming", "*qelālāh*": "noun, feminine singular - curse", "*ḥerpāh*": "noun, feminine singular - reproach/disgrace", "*gôyê hāʾāreṣ*": "construct chain - nations of the earth" }, "variants": { "*hakʿîsēnî*": "to provoke me to anger/to vex me", "*maʿăśê yedêkem*": "works of your hands/your deeds", "*qaṭṭēr*": "to burn incense/offer sacrifices by burning", "*lāgûr*": "to sojourn/dwell temporarily/live as foreigners", "*qelālāh*": "curse/cursing/execration", "*ḥerpāh*": "reproach/disgrace/taunt/insult" } }
• Ezek 18:31 : 31 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.18.31", "source": "הַשְׁלִ֣יכוּ מֵעֲלֵיכֶ֗ם אֶת־כָּל־פִשְׁעֵיכֶם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר פְּשַׁעְתֶּ֣ם בָּ֔ם וַעֲשׂ֥וּ לָכֶ֛ם לֵ֥ב חָדָ֖שׁ וְר֣וּחַ חֲדָשָׁ֑ה וְלָ֥מָּה תָמֻ֖תוּ בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*hašlîkû* *mē-* *ʿălêkem* *ʾet*-*kol*-*pišʿêkem* *ʾăšer* *pəšaʿtem* *bām* *wa-* *ʿăśû* *lākem* *lēb* *ḥādāš* *wə-* *rûaḥ* *ḥădāšāh* *wə-* *lāmmāh* *tāmûtû* *bêt* *yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*hašlîkû*": "Hiphil imperative masculine plural - cast away", "*mē-*": "preposition - from", "*ʿălêkem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - upon you", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*kol*": "construct state, masculine singular - all of", "*pišʿêkem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your transgressions", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which, that", "*pəšaʿtem*": "Qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - you have transgressed", "*bām*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - with them", "*wa-*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿăśû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - make", "*lākem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - for yourselves", "*lēb*": "masculine singular noun - heart", "*ḥādāš*": "adjective masculine singular - new", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular noun - spirit", "*ḥădāšāh*": "adjective feminine singular - new", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*lāmmāh*": "interrogative - why", "*tāmûtû*": "Qal imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you will die", "*bêt*": "masculine singular construct - house of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*hašlîkû*": "cast away/throw off/discard", "*pišʿêkem*": "your transgressions/your rebellions/your crimes", "*pəšaʿtem*": "you have transgressed/you have rebelled/you have offended", "*lēb* *ḥādāš*": "new heart/renewed mind/transformed inner being", "*rûaḥ* *ḥădāšāh*": "new spirit/renewed attitude/transformed disposition" } }
• 1 Kgs 12:16-20 : 16 { "verseID": "1 Kings.12.16", "source": "וַיַּ֣רְא כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל כִּ֠י לֹֽא־שָׁמַ֣ע הַמֶּלֶךְ֮ אֲלֵיהֶם֒ וַיָּשִׁ֣בוּ הָעָ֣ם אֶת־הַמֶּ֣לֶך דָּבָ֣ר ׀ לֵאמֹ֡ר מַה־לָּנוּ֩ חֵ֨לֶק בְּדָוִ֜ד וְלֹֽא־נַחֲלָ֣ה בְּבֶן־יִשַׁ֗י לְאֹהָלֶ֙יךָ֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל עַתָּ֕ה רְאֵ֥ה בֵיתְךָ֖ דָּוִ֑ד וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְאֹהָלָֽיו׃", "text": "And *wayyarĕʾ* all-*yiśrāʾēl* that not-*šāmaʿ* the *melek* to-them; and *wayyāšîbû* the *ʿām* *ʾet*-the *melek* *dābār* saying, What to-us *ḥēleq* in *dāwid* and not-*naḥălâ* in *ben*-*yišay*? To *ʾōhāleykā* *yiśrāʾēl*! Now *rĕʾēh* *bêtĕkā* *dāwid*! And *wayyēlek* *yiśrāʾēl* to *ʾōhālāyw*.", "grammar": { "*wayyarĕʾ*": "qal imperfect waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he/it saw", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*šāmaʿ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - heard/listened", "*melek*": "definite noun, masculine singular - king", "*wayyāšîbû*": "hiphil imperfect waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they returned/answered", "*ʿām*": "definite noun, masculine singular - people", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*dābār*": "masculine singular noun - word/thing/matter", "*ḥēleq*": "masculine singular noun - portion/share/territory", "*dāwid*": "proper name - David", "*naḥălâ*": "feminine singular noun - inheritance/possession", "*ben*": "construct state, masculine singular - son of", "*yišay*": "proper name - Jesse", "*ʾōhāleykā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your tents", "*rĕʾēh*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - see/look after", "*bêtĕkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your house", "*wayyēlek*": "qal imperfect waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he/it went", "*ʾōhālāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his tents" }, "variants": { "*wayyarĕʾ*": "and saw/perceived/understood", "*šāmaʿ*": "heard/listened/obeyed/heeded", "*wayyāšîbû*": "and they returned/answered/replied", "*dābār*": "word/thing/matter/affair", "*ḥēleq*": "portion/share/territory/part", "*naḥălâ*": "inheritance/possession/property", "*rĕʾēh*": "see/look after/provide for", "*ʾōhāleykā*": "your tents/homes/dwellings", "*ʾōhālāyw*": "his tents/homes/dwellings" } } 17 { "verseID": "1 Kings.12.17", "source": "וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הַיֹּשְׁבִ֖ים בְּעָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיִּמְלֹ֥ךְ עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם רְחַבְעָֽם׃ פ", "text": "And *bĕnê* *yiśrāʾēl* the *hayyōšĕbîm* in *ʿārê* *yĕhûdâ*, and *wayyimlōk* over-them *rĕḥabĕʿām*.", "grammar": { "*bĕnê*": "construct state, masculine plural - sons of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*hayyōšĕbîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural with definite article - the ones dwelling/living", "*ʿārê*": "construct state, feminine plural - cities of", "*yĕhûdâ*": "proper name - Judah", "*wayyimlōk*": "qal imperfect waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he reigned/became king", "*rĕḥabĕʿām*": "proper name - Rehoboam" }, "variants": { "*bĕnê*": "sons/children/descendants", "*hayyōšĕbîm*": "the ones dwelling/living/residing/sitting", "*ʿārê*": "cities/towns/villages of" } } 18 { "verseID": "1 Kings.12.18", "source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֞ח הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ רְחַבְעָ֗ם אֶת־אֲדֹרָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַמַּ֔ס וַיִּרְגְּמ֨וּ כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל בּ֛וֹ אֶ֖בֶן וַיָּמֹ֑ת וְהַמֶּ֣לֶךְ רְחַבְעָ֗ם הִתְאַמֵּץ֙ לַעֲל֣וֹת בַּמֶּרְכָּבָ֔ה לָנ֖וּס יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃", "text": "And *wayyišlaḥ* the *melek* *rĕḥabĕʿām* *ʾet*-*ʾădōrām* who over-the *hammas*, and *wayyirgĕmû* all-*yiśrāʾēl* on-him *ʾeben* and *wayyāmōt*; and the *melek* *rĕḥabĕʿām* *hitʾammēṣ* to *laʿălôt* in the *merkābâ* to *lānûs* *yĕrûšālāim*.", "grammar": { "*wayyišlaḥ*": "qal imperfect waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he sent", "*melek*": "definite noun, masculine singular - king", "*rĕḥabĕʿām*": "proper name - Rehoboam", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾădōrām*": "proper name - Adoram", "*hammas*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the forced labor/tribute", "*wayyirgĕmû*": "qal imperfect waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they stoned", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*ʾeben*": "feminine singular noun - stone", "*wayyāmōt*": "qal imperfect waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he died", "*hitʾammēṣ*": "hitpael perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - strengthened himself/made an effort", "*laʿălôt*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition - to go up/ascend", "*merkābâ*": "definite noun, feminine singular - chariot", "*lānûs*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition - to flee", "*yĕrûšālāim*": "proper name - Jerusalem" }, "variants": { "*wayyišlaḥ*": "and he sent/dispatched", "*hammas*": "the forced labor/tribute/tax", "*wayyirgĕmû*": "and they stoned/pelted", "*hitʾammēṣ*": "strengthened himself/made an effort/exerted himself", "*laʿălôt*": "to go up/ascend/mount", "*lānûs*": "to flee/escape" } } 19 { "verseID": "1 Kings.12.19", "source": "וַיִּפְשְׁע֤וּ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּבֵ֣ית דָּוִ֔ד עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ ס", "text": "And *wayyipšĕʿû* *yiśrāʾēl* against *bêt* *dāwid* until the *yôm* the *hazzeh*.", "grammar": { "*wayyipšĕʿû*": "qal imperfect waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they rebelled", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*bêt*": "construct state, masculine singular - house of", "*dāwid*": "proper name - David", "*yôm*": "definite noun, masculine singular - day", "*hazzeh*": "definite demonstrative pronoun - this" }, "variants": { "*wayyipšĕʿû*": "and they rebelled/revolted/transgressed against", "*bêt*": "house/household/dynasty of" } } 20 { "verseID": "1 Kings.12.20", "source": "וַיְהִ֞י כִּשְׁמֹ֤עַ כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ כִּֽי־שָׁ֣ב יָרָבְעָ֔ם וֽ͏ַיִּשְׁלְח֗וּ וַיִּקְרְא֤וּ אֹתוֹ֙ אֶל־הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה וַיַּמְלִ֥יכוּ אֹת֖וֹ עַל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לֹ֤א הָיָה֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י בֵית־דָּוִ֔ד זוּלָתִ֥י שֵֽׁבֶט־יְהוּדָ֖ה לְבַדּֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wayĕhî* when *kišmōaʿ* all-*yiśrāʾēl* that *šāb* *yārābĕʿām*, and *wayyišlĕḥû* and *wayyiqrĕʾû* him to the *ʿēdâ*, and *wayyamlîkû* him over all-*yiśrāʾēl*; not *hāyâ* after *bêt*-*dāwid* except *šēbeṭ*-*yĕhûdâ* to *lĕbaddô*.", "grammar": { "*wayĕhî*": "qal imperfect waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and it came to pass", "*kišmōaʿ*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition - when hearing", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*šāb*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - returned", "*yārābĕʿām*": "proper name - Jeroboam", "*wayyišlĕḥû*": "qal imperfect waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they sent", "*wayyiqrĕʾû*": "qal imperfect waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they called", "*ʿēdâ*": "definite noun, feminine singular - assembly/congregation", "*wayyamlîkû*": "hiphil imperfect waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they made king", "*hāyâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - was/became", "*bêt*": "construct state, masculine singular - house of", "*dāwid*": "proper name - David", "*šēbeṭ*": "construct state, masculine singular - tribe of", "*yĕhûdâ*": "proper name - Judah", "*lĕbaddô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - by itself/alone" }, "variants": { "*wayĕhî*": "and it happened/came to pass/was", "*kišmōaʿ*": "when hearing/listening", "*šāb*": "returned/came back/turned", "*wayyišlĕḥû*": "and they sent/dispatched", "*wayyiqrĕʾû*": "and they called/summoned", "*ʿēdâ*": "assembly/congregation/community", "*wayyamlîkû*": "and they made king/caused to reign", "*šēbeṭ*": "tribe/staff/branch of", "*lĕbaddô*": "by itself/alone/only" } }
• 1 Kgs 12:28 : 28 { "verseID": "1 Kings.12.28", "source": "וַיִּוָּעַ֣ץ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיַּ֕עַשׂ שְׁנֵ֖י עֶגְלֵ֣י זָהָ֑ב וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֗ם רַב־לָכֶם֙ מֵעֲל֣וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם הִנֵּ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶעֱל֖וּךָ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "*wə-yiwwāʿaṣ* the *melekh* *wə-yaʿaś* two *ʿeglê* of *zāhāb wə-yōʾmer* to them, *rab-lākhem* from *ʿălôt yərûšālaim hinnēh ʾĕlōhêkā yiśrāʾēl ʾăšer heʿĕlûkā mēʾereṣ miṣrāyim*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiwwāʿaṣ*": "conjunction + Niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he took counsel", "*melekh*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the king", "*wə-yaʿaś*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he made", "*ʿeglê*": "construct noun, masculine plural - calves of", "*zāhāb*": "noun, masculine singular - gold", "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*rab-lākhem*": "adjective + preposition with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - too much for you", "*ʿălôt*": "infinitive construct - going up to", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your gods/God", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who/which", "*heʿĕlûkā*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - brought you up", "*mēʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - from land of", "*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt" }, "variants": { "*wə-yiwwāʿaṣ*": "took counsel/consulted/considered", "*ʿeglê*": "calves/young bulls", "*rab-lākhem*": "too much for you/enough for you/you have gone far enough", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "your gods [plural form]/your God [plural of majesty]", "*heʿĕlûkā*": "brought you up/caused you to ascend" } }
• 1 Kgs 13:34 : 34 { "verseID": "1 Kings.13.34", "source": "וַיְהִי֙ בַּדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה לְחַטַּ֖את בֵּ֣ית יָרָבְעָ֑ם וּלְהַכְחִיד֙ וּלְהַשְׁמִ֔יד מֵעַ֖ל פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָֽה׃ פ", "text": "And *wə-yəhî* in-the-*ba-dāḇār* the-*ha-zeh* for-*lə-ḥaṭṭaʾṯ* house-of *bêṯ* *yārāḇʿām* and-for-*û-lə-haḵḥîḏ* and-for-*û-lə-hašmîḏ* from-upon *mē-ʿal* faces-of *pənê* the-*hā-ʾăḏāmâ*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yəhî*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it became/was", "*ba-dāḇār*": "preposition + article + noun masculine singular - in the matter/thing", "*ha-zeh*": "article + demonstrative adjective - this", "*lə-ḥaṭṭaʾṯ*": "preposition + noun feminine singular - for sin/sin-offering", "*bêṯ*": "noun masculine singular construct - house of", "*yārāḇʿām*": "proper name - Jeroboam", "*û-lə-haḵḥîḏ*": "conjunction + preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - and to cut off/destroy", "*û-lə-hašmîḏ*": "conjunction + preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - and to exterminate/annihilate", "*mē-ʿal*": "preposition + preposition - from upon", "*pənê*": "noun masculine plural construct - face of", "*hā-ʾăḏāmâ*": "article + noun feminine singular - the ground/earth/land" }, "variants": { "*ba-dāḇār ha-zeh*": "in this matter/because of this thing/by this action", "*lə-ḥaṭṭaʾṯ*": "for sin/as sin/to be the sin", "*û-lə-haḵḥîḏ*": "to cut off/to destroy/to annihilate", "*û-lə-hašmîḏ*": "to exterminate/to destroy/to wipe out", "*mē-ʿal pənê hā-ʾăḏāmâ*": "from the face of the earth/from the surface of the ground/from upon the land" } }
• 1 Kgs 16:31 : 31 { "verseID": "1 Kings.16.31", "source": "וַיְהִי֙ הֲנָקֵ֣ל לֶכְתּ֔וֹ בְּחַטֹּ֖אות יָרָבְעָ֣ם בֶּן־נְבָ֑ט וַיִּקַּ֨ח אִשָּׁ֜ה אֶת־אִיזֶ֗בֶל בַּת־אֶתְבַּ֙עַל֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ צִידֹנִ֔ים וַיֵּ֙לֶךְ֙ וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֣ד אֶת־הַבַּ֔עַל וַיִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ לֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wayəhî* to-be-*hānāqēl* *lekəttô* in-*ḥaṭṭōʾwt* *yārāḇəʿām* son-of-*nəḇāṭ* and-*wayyiqqaḥ* woman *ʾet*-*ʾîzeḇel* daughter-of-*ʾetbaʿal* *melek* of-*ṣîḏōnîm* and-*wayyēlek* and-*wayyaʿăḇōḏ* *ʾet*-the-*baʿal* and-*wayyištaḥû* to-him", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it was/became", "*hānāqēl*": "hiphil infinitive construct + interrogative particle - was it light/easy thing", "*lekəttô*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - for his walking/going", "*ḥaṭṭōʾwt*": "noun feminine plural construct - sins of", "*yārāḇəʿām*": "proper name - Jeroboam", "*nəḇāṭ*": "proper name - Nebat", "*wayyiqqaḥ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he took", "*ʾîzeḇel*": "proper name - Jezebel", "*ʾetbaʿal*": "proper name - Ethbaal", "*melek*": "noun masculine singular construct - king of", "*ṣîḏōnîm*": "proper name - Sidonians", "*wayyēlek*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he went", "*wayyaʿăḇōḏ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he served", "*baʿal*": "proper name - Baal", "*wayyištaḥû*": "waw-consecutive + hishtaphel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he bowed down/worshipped" }, "variants": { "*wayəhî*": "and it happened/came to pass/was", "*hānāqēl*": "was it a trivial thing/light matter", "*lekəttô*": "his walking/going", "*ḥaṭṭōʾwt*": "sins/offenses", "*baʿal*": "lord/master/Baal [deity]" } }
• Hos 13:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "Hosea.13.9", "source": "שִֽׁחֶתְךָ֥ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל כִּֽי־בִ֥י בְעֶזְרֶֽךָ׃", "text": "*šāḥat*-you *yiśrāʾēl* *kî*-in-me in-*ʿēzer*-your", "grammar": { "*šāḥat*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'it has destroyed you'", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - 'Israel'", "*kî*": "conjunction - 'for/because'", "*ʿēzer*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'your help'" }, "variants": { "*šāḥat*": "destroyed/corrupted/ruined", "*kî*": "for/because/that", "*ʿēzer*": "help/assistance/aid" } } 10 { "verseID": "Hosea.13.10", "source": "אֱהִ֤י מַלְכְּךָ֙ אֵפ֔וֹא וְיוֹשִֽׁיעֲךָ֖ בְּכָל־עָרֶ֑יךָ וְשֹׁ֣פְטֶ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָמַ֔רְתָּ תְּנָה־לִּ֖י מֶ֥לֶךְ וְשָׂרִֽים׃", "text": "I *hāyâ* *melek*-your *ʾēp̄ôʾ* *wə-* he *yāšaʿ*-you in-all-*ʿîr*-your *wə-šōp̄eṭ*-your *ʾăšer* you *ʾāmar* give-to-me *melek* *wə-śar*", "grammar": { "*hāyâ*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person singular jussive - 'let me be'", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'your king'", "*ʾēp̄ôʾ*": "interrogative particle - 'now/then/where'", "*wə-*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*yāšaʿ*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular jussive with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'let him save you'", "*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'your cities'", "*šōp̄eṭ*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'your judges'", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - 'whom/about whom'", "*ʾāmar*": "Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - 'you said'", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular - 'king'", "*wə-śar*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural - 'and princes'" }, "variants": { "*hāyâ*": "let me be/where is", "*melek*": "king/ruler", "*ʾēp̄ôʾ*": "now/then/where", "*yāšaʿ*": "save/deliver/help", "*ʿîr*": "cities/towns", "*šōp̄eṭ*": "judges/rulers/leaders", "*ʾāmar*": "said/spoke/commanded", "*śar*": "princes/officials/rulers" } }
• Matt 25:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Matthew.25.12", "source": "Ὁ δὲ ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν, Ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, οὐκ οἶδα ὑμᾶς.", "text": "He *de* *apokritheis* *eipen*, *Amēn* *legō* to you, not *oida* you.", "grammar": { "*de*": "postpositive particle - but/and", "*apokritheis*": "aorist passive participle, nominative masculine singular - having answered", "*eipen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - said", "*amēn*": "Hebrew transliteration - truly/certainly", "*legō*": "present active indicative, 1st person singular - I say", "*oida*": "perfect active indicative, 1st person singular - I know" }, "variants": { "*de*": "but/and/however", "*apokritheis*": "having answered/replied/responded", "*eipen*": "said/spoke/told", "*amēn*": "truly/certainly/verily", "*legō*": "I say/tell/speak", "*oida*": "I know/recognize/acknowledge" } }
• Luke 13:25 : 25 { "verseID": "Luke.13.25", "source": "Ἀφʼ οὗ ἂν ἐγερθῇ ὁ οἰκοδεσπότης, καὶ ἀποκλείσῃ τὴν θύραν, καὶ ἄρξησθε ἔξω ἑστάναι, καὶ κρούειν τὴν θύραν, λέγοντες, Κύριε, Κύριε, ἄνοιξον ἡμῖν· καὶ ἀποκριθεὶς ἐρεῖ ὑμῖν, Οὐκ οἶδα ὑμᾶς πόθεν ἐστέ:", "text": "From the time when *an egerthē* the *oikodespotēs*, and *apokleisē* the *thyran*, and you *arxēsthe exō hestanai*, and *krouein* the *thyran*, *legontes*, *Kyrie*, *Kyrie*, *anoixon* to us; and *apokritheis erei* to you, Not *oida* you from where you are:", "grammar": { "*an*": "modal particle with subjunctive - expressing contingency", "*egerthē*": "aorist, passive, subjunctive, 3rd singular - might be raised up/arise", "*oikodespotēs*": "nominative, masculine, singular - master of the house", "*apokleisē*": "aorist, active, subjunctive, 3rd singular - might shut/close", "*thyran*": "accusative, feminine, singular - door", "*arxēsthe*": "aorist, middle, subjunctive, 2nd plural - you might begin", "*exō*": "adverb - outside", "*hestanai*": "perfect infinitive, active - to stand", "*krouein*": "present infinitive, active - to knock", "*legontes*": "present participle, active, nominative, masculine, plural - saying", "*Kyrie*": "vocative, masculine, singular - Lord/Sir/Master", "*anoixon*": "aorist imperative, active, 2nd singular - open", "*apokritheis*": "aorist participle, passive, nominative, masculine, singular - having answered", "*erei*": "future, active, indicative, 3rd singular - he will say", "*oida*": "perfect, active, indicative, 1st singular - I know" }, "variants": { "*egerthē*": "might be raised up/arise/get up", "*oikodespotēs*": "master of the house/householder", "*apokleisē*": "might shut/close/lock", "*thyran*": "door/entrance/gate", "*arxēsthe*": "you might begin/start", "*hestanai*": "to stand/to be standing", "*krouein*": "to knock/to beat on", "*Kyrie*": "Lord/Sir/Master", "*anoixon*": "open/unlock", "*apokritheis*": "having answered/responding", "*erei*": "he will say/tell/speak", "*oida*": "I know/recognize/am acquainted with" } }
• Luke 13:27 : 27 { "verseID": "Luke.13.27", "source": "Καὶ ἐρεῖ, Λέγω ὑμῖν, οὐκ οἶδα ὑμᾶς πόθεν ἐστέ· ἀπόστητε ἀπʼ ἐμοῦ, πάντες οἱ ἐργάται τῆς ἀδικίας.", "text": "And *erei*, *Legō* to you, not *oida* you from where you are; *apostēte* from me, all the *ergatai* of the *adikias*.", "grammar": { "*erei*": "future, active, indicative, 3rd singular - he will say", "*Legō*": "present, active, indicative, 1st singular - I say/tell", "*oida*": "perfect, active, indicative, 1st singular - I know", "*apostēte*": "aorist imperative, active, 2nd plural - depart", "*ergatai*": "nominative, masculine, plural - workers", "*adikias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of unrighteousness" }, "variants": { "*erei*": "he will say/tell/speak", "*oida*": "I know/recognize/am acquainted with", "*apostēte*": "depart/go away/leave", "*ergatai*": "workers/laborers/doers", "*adikias*": "of unrighteousness/injustice/iniquity" } }
• John 10:14 : 14 { "verseID": "John.10.14", "source": "Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ποιμὴν ὁ καλός, καὶ γινώσκω τὰ ἐμά, καὶ γινώσκομαι ὑπὸ τῶν ἐμῶν.", "text": "*Egō eimi* the *poimēn* the *kalos*, and *ginōskō* the *ema*, and *ginōskomai hypo* the *emōn*.", "grammar": { "*Egō eimi*": "present active indicative, 1st person singular with pronoun - I am", "*poimēn*": "nominative, masculine, singular - shepherd", "*kalos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - good/noble", "*ginōskō*": "present active indicative, 1st person singular - I know/recognize", "*ema*": "accusative, neuter, plural - my own/mine", "*ginōskomai*": "present passive indicative, 1st person singular - I am known", "*hypo*": "preposition + genitive - by/under", "*emōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - of my own/of mine" }, "variants": { "*Egō eimi*": "I am/I exist", "*poimēn*": "shepherd/herdsman", "*kalos*": "good/noble/beautiful/excellent", "*ginōskō*": "know/recognize/understand", "*ema*": "my own/mine/belonging to me", "*ginōskomai*": "am known/am recognized", "*hypo*": "by/under/from under", "*emōn*": "my own/mine/belonging to me" } }
• Gal 4:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Galatians.4.9", "source": "Νῦν δὲ, γνόντες Θεόν, μᾶλλον δὲ γνωσθέντες ὑπὸ Θεοῦ, πῶς ἐπιστρέφετε πάλιν ἐπὶ τὰ ἀσθενῆ καὶ πτωχὰ στοιχεῖα, οἷς πάλιν ἄνωθεν δουλεύειν θέλετε;", "text": "Now *de*, having *gnontes Theon*, rather *de* having been *gnōsthentes hypo Theou*, how *epistrephete palin epi* the *asthenē* and *ptōcha stoicheia*, to which *palin anōthen douleuein thelete*?", "grammar": { "*de*": "postpositive particle - but/and", "*gnontes*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having known/come to know", "*Theon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - God", "*gnōsthentes*": "aorist passive participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having been known", "*hypo*": "preposition with genitive - by/under", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - God", "*epistrephete*": "present indicative active, 2nd person plural - you return/turn back", "*palin*": "adverb - again/once more", "*epi*": "preposition with accusative - to/toward", "*asthenē*": "accusative, neuter, plural - weak/feeble", "*ptōcha*": "accusative, neuter, plural - poor/destitute", "*stoicheia*": "accusative, neuter, plural - elements/principles", "*anōthen*": "adverb - again/from the beginning", "*douleuein*": "present infinitive active - to serve/be enslaved", "*thelete*": "present indicative active, 2nd person plural - you wish/desire" }, "variants": { "*gnontes*": "having known/come to know/recognized", "*gnōsthentes*": "having been known/recognized/acknowledged", "*epistrephete*": "you return/turn back/convert", "*asthenē*": "weak/feeble/impotent", "*ptōcha*": "poor/destitute/beggarly", "*stoicheia*": "elements/rudiments/principles/basic components", "*anōthen*": "again/from the beginning/from above", "*douleuein*": "to serve as slaves/be enslaved to/be in bondage to", "*thelete*": "you wish/desire/want" } }