Jeremiah 32:10

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Jeremiah.32.10", "source": "וָאֶכְתֹּ֤ב בַּסֵּ֙פֶר֙ וָֽאֶחְתֹּ֔ם וָאָעֵ֖ד עֵדִ֑ים וָאֶשְׁקֹ֥ל הַכֶּ֖סֶף בְּמֹאזְנָֽיִם׃", "text": "And *wā'eḵtōb* in the *sēper* and *wā'eḥtōm* and *wā'ā'ēd* *'ēdîm* and *wā'ešqōl* the *kesep* in *mō'znāyim*.", "grammar": { "*wā'eḵtōb*": "verb, qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 1st person singular - and I wrote", "*sēper*": "noun, masculine, singular - document/book/deed", "*wā'eḥtōm*": "verb, qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 1st person singular - and I sealed", "*wā'ā'ēd*": "verb, hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 1st person singular - and I called as witnesses", "*'ēdîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - witnesses", "*wā'ešqōl*": "verb, qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 1st person singular - and I weighed", "*kesep*": "noun, masculine, singular - silver/money", "*mō'znāyim*": "noun, masculine, dual - scales/balances" }, "variants": { "*sēper*": "document/book/deed/contract", "*wā'eḥtōm*": "and I sealed/and I confirmed [legal authentication]", "*wā'ā'ēd*": "and I called as witnesses/and I had testify" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וָאֶכְתֹּ֤ב בַּסֵּ֙פֶר֙ וָֽאֶחְתֹּ֔ם וָאָעֵ֖ד עֵדִ֑ים וָאֶשְׁקֹ֥ל הַכֶּ֖סֶף בְּמֹאזְנָֽיִם׃

Transliteration

And wā'eḵtōb in the sēper and wā'eḥtōm and wā'ā'ēd 'ēdîm and wā'ešqōl the kesep in mō'znāyim.

Grammar Details

• *wā'eḵtōb*: verb, qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 1st person singular - and I wrote
• *sēper*: noun, masculine, singular - document/book/deed
• *wā'eḥtōm*: verb, qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 1st person singular - and I sealed
• *wā'ā'ēd*: verb, hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 1st person singular - and I called as witnesses
• *'ēdîm*: noun, masculine, plural - witnesses
• *wā'ešqōl*: verb, qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 1st person singular - and I weighed
• *kesep*: noun, masculine, singular - silver/money
• *mō'znāyim*: noun, masculine, dual - scales/balances

Word Meanings

• *sēper*: document/book/deed/contract
• *wā'eḥtōm*: and I sealed/and I confirmed [legal authentication]
• *wā'ā'ēd*: and I called as witnesses/and I had testify

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  I signed and sealed the deed, called in witnesses, and weighed out the silver on a scale.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And I subscribed the evidence, and sealed it, and took witnesses, and weighed him the money in the balances.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And I signed the document, and sealed it, and took witnesses, and weighed him the money in the balances.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And I subscribed the evidence, and sealed it, and took witnesses, and weighed him the money in the balances.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And I subscribed{H3789} the deed,{H5612} and sealed{H2856} it, and called{H5749} witnesses,{H5707} and weighed{H8254} him the money{H3701} in the balances.{H3976}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And I subscribed{H3789}{(H8799)} the evidence{H5612}, and sealed{H2856}{(H8799)} it, and took{H5749}{(H8686)} witnesses{H5707}, and weighed{H8254}{(H8799)} him the money{H3701} in the balances{H3976}.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  I caused him also to make me a writinge, and to seale it, and called recorde there by, and weyed him there the money vpon the waightes.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And I writ it in the booke and signed it, and tooke witnesses, and weighed him the siluer in the balances.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And I writ it in a booke, and sealed it, and toke witnesses, and wayed hym there the money vpon the waightes.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And I subscribed the evidence, and sealed [it], and took witnesses, and weighed [him] the money in the balances.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  I subscribed the deed, and sealed it, and called witnesses, and weighed him the money in the balances.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And I write in a book, and seal, and cause witnesses to testify, and weigh the silver in balances;

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And I subscribed the deed, and sealed it, and called witnesses, and weighed him the money in the balances.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And I subscribed the deed, and sealed it, and called witnesses, and weighed him the money in the balances.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And I put it in writing, stamping it with my stamp, and I took witnesses and put the money into the scales.

• World English Bible (2000)

  I subscribed the deed, and sealed it, and called witnesses, and weighed him the money in the balances.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  I signed the deed of purchase, sealed it, and had some men serve as witnesses to the purchase. I weighed out the silver for him on a scale.

Referenced Verses

• Jer 32:44 : 44 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.32.44", "source": "שָׂד֞וֹת בַּכֶּ֣סֶף יִקְנ֗וּ וְכָת֨וֹב בַּסֵּ֥פֶר ׀ וְחָתוֹם֮ וְהָעֵ֣ד עֵדִים֒ בְּאֶ֨רֶץ בִּנְיָמִ֜ן וּבִסְבִיבֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם וּבְעָרֵ֤י יְהוּדָה֙ וּבְעָרֵ֣י הָהָ֔ר וּבְעָרֵ֥י הַשְּׁפֵלָ֖ה וּבְעָרֵ֣י הַנֶּ֑גֶב כִּֽי־אָשִׁ֥יב אֶת־שְׁבוּתָ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה", "text": "*Śādôt* with-*hakkesef* *yiqnû* *wə*-*kātôb* in-*hassēfer* *wə*-*ḥātôm* *wə*-*hāʿēd* *ʿēdîm* in-*ʾereṣ* *Binyāmin* *û*-in-surroundings-of *Yərûšālaim* *û*-in-*ʿārê* *Yəhûdāh* *û*-in-*ʿārê* *hāhār* *û*-in-*ʿārê* *haššəfēlāh* *û*-in-*ʿārê* *hannegeb*, *kî*-*ʾāšîb* *ʾet*-*šəbûtām* *nəʾum*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*Śādôt*": "noun, masculine plural - fields", "*hakkesef*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the money/silver", "*yiqnû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will buy", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*kātôb*": "qal infinitive absolute - writing", "*hassēfer*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the book/document", "*ḥātôm*": "qal infinitive absolute - sealing", "*hāʿēd*": "hiphil infinitive absolute - witnessing/calling to witness", "*ʿēdîm*": "noun, masculine plural - witnesses", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*Binyāmin*": "proper noun - Benjamin", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*Yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*ʿārê*": "noun, feminine plural construct - cities of", "*Yəhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*hāhār*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the hill country", "*haššəfēlāh*": "definite noun, feminine singular - the lowland", "*hannegeb*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the Negev/south", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾāšîb*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st singular - I will restore/return", "*šəbûtām*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their captivity/fortunes", "*nəʾum*": "construct noun - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD" }, "variants": { "*Śādôt*": "fields/lands/properties", "*hakkesef*": "money/silver/currency", "*yiqnû*": "they will buy/purchase/acquire", "*kātôb*": "writing/recording", "*hassēfer*": "book/scroll/document/deed", "*ḥātôm*": "sealing/affixing seal", "*hāʿēd*": "calling to witness/having witnesses", "*haššəfēlāh*": "lowland/foothills/plain", "*hannegeb*": "Negev/south country/southern region", "*ʾāšîb*": "will restore/return/bring back", "*šəbûtām*": "their captivity/their fortunes/their restoration", "*nəʾum*": "declaration/oracle/utterance" } }
• Jer 32:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.32.12", "source": "וָאֶתֵּ֞ן אֶת־הַסֵּ֣פֶר הַמִּקְנָ֗ה אֶל־בָּר֣וּךְ בֶּן־נֵרִיָּה֮ בֶּן־מַחְסֵיָה֒ לְעֵינֵי֙ חֲנַמְאֵ֣ל דֹּדִ֔י וּלְעֵינֵי֙ הָֽעֵדִ֔ים הַכֹּתְבִ֖ים בְּסֵ֣פֶר הַמִּקְנָ֑ה לְעֵינֵי֙ כָּל־הַיְּהוּדִ֔ים הַיֹּשְׁבִ֖ים בַּחֲצַ֥ר הַמַּטָּרָֽה׃", "text": "And *wā'ettēn* *'et*-the *sēper* the *miqnāh* to *bārûḵ* *ben*-*nērîyāh* *ben*-*maḥsēyāh* before *'ênê* *ḥănam'ēl* *dōdî* and before *'ênê* the *'ēdîm* the *kōtĕbîm* in *sēper* the *miqnāh* before *'ênê* all-the *yĕhûdîm* the *yōšĕbîm* in *ḥăṣar* the *maṭṭārāh*.", "grammar": { "*wā'ettēn*": "verb, qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 1st person singular - and I gave", "*sēper*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - document of", "*miqnāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - purchase/acquisition", "*bārûḵ*": "proper noun, masculine - Baruch", "*ben*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - son of", "*nērîyāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Neriah", "*maḥsēyāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Mahseiah", "*'ênê*": "noun, feminine, dual construct - eyes of/before", "*ḥănam'ēl*": "proper noun, masculine - Hanamel", "*dōdî*": "noun, masculine, singular with 1st person singular suffix - my uncle", "*'ēdîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - witnesses", "*kōtĕbîm*": "verb, qal participle, masculine plural - writing/who signed", "*yĕhûdîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Jews", "*yōšĕbîm*": "verb, qal participle, masculine plural - sitting/dwelling", "*ḥăṣar*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - court of", "*maṭṭārāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - guard/prison" }, "variants": { "*sēper ha-miqnāh*": "deed of purchase/purchase document", "*lĕ'ênê*": "before the eyes of/in the presence of/in sight of", "*kōtĕbîm*": "writing/signing/subscribing [to the document]", "*yōšĕbîm*": "sitting/dwelling/staying" } }
• Jer 32:25 : 25 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.32.25", "source": "וְאַתָּ֞ה אָמַ֤רְתָּ אֵלַי֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה קְנֵֽה־לְךָ֧ הַשָּׂדֶ֛ה בַּכֶּ֖סֶף וְהָעֵ֣ד עֵדִ֑ים וְהָעִ֥יר נִתְּנָ֖ה בְּיַ֥ד הַכַּשְׂדִּֽים׃", "text": "*wə-ʾattâ* *ʾāmartā* to-me *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* *qənēh*-to-*kā* the-*śādeh* with-the-*kesep* *wə-hāʿēd* *ʿēdîm* and-the-*ʿîr* *nittənâ* in-*yad* the-*kaśdîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾattâ*": "conjunction + personal pronoun 2nd person masculine singular - and you", "*ʾāmartā*": "qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you said", "*ʾēlay*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - to me", "*ʾădōnāy*": "noun masculine plural construct + 1st person singular suffix - my Lord", "*YHWH*": "proper name - divine name, tetragrammaton", "*qənēh*": "qal imperative masculine singular - buy", "*lekā*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - for yourself", "*śādeh*": "common noun masculine singular - field", "*kesep*": "common noun masculine singular - money/silver", "*wə-hāʿēd*": "conjunction + hiphil imperative masculine singular - and call to witness", "*ʿēdîm*": "common noun masculine plural - witnesses", "*ʿîr*": "common noun feminine singular - city", "*nittənâ*": "niphal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - is given", "*yad*": "common noun feminine singular construct - hand of", "*kaśdîm*": "proper noun masculine plural - Chaldeans" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmartā*": "said/spoke/commanded", "*qənēh*": "buy/purchase/acquire", "*śādeh*": "field/land/territory", "*kesep*": "money/silver/payment", "*hāʿēd*": "call to witness/take as witnesses/have witnessed", "*ʿēdîm*": "witnesses/testifiers", "*nittənâ*": "is given/delivered/handed over", "*kaśdîm*": "Chaldeans/Babylonians" } }
• Deut 32:34 : 34 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.34", "source": "הֲלֹא־ה֖וּא כָּמֻ֣ס עִמָּדִ֑י חָתֻ֖ם בְּאוֹצְרֹתָֽי׃", "text": "Is-not-it *kāmus* with-me, *ḥāṯum* in-*ʾôṣərōṯāy*?", "grammar": { "*hălōʾ*": "interrogative particle - is not", "*hûʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd person, masculine, singular - it/he", "*kāmus*": "verb, qal passive participle, masculine, singular - stored up/hidden", "*ʿimmāḏî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - with me", "*ḥāṯum*": "verb, qal passive participle, masculine, singular - sealed", "*bə*": "preposition - in", "*ʾôṣərōṯāy*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my treasuries/storehouses" }, "variants": { "*kāmus*": "stored up/hidden/kept secret", "*ʿimmāḏî*": "with me/by me/in my possession", "*ḥāṯum*": "sealed/secured/locked away", "*ʾôṣərōṯāy*": "my treasuries/storehouses/treasures" } }
• Job 14:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Job.14.17", "source": "חָתֻ֣ם בִּצְר֣וֹר פִּשְׁעִ֑י וַ֝תִּטְפֹּ֗ל עַל־עֲוֺנִֽי׃", "text": "*ḥātum* *biṣrôr* *pišʿî* *wattiṭpōl* *ʿal*-*ʿăwōnî*", "grammar": { "*ḥātum*": "verb, qal passive participle, masculine, singular - sealed up", "*biṣrôr*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular, construct - in a bag/bundle", "*pišʿî*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct + 1st person, singular, suffix - my transgression", "*wattiṭpōl*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect, 2nd person, masculine, singular - and you cover over/plaster over", "*ʿal*": "preposition - over/upon", "*ʿăwōnî*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct + 1st person, singular, suffix - my iniquity" }, "variants": { "*ḥātum*": "sealed/sealed up/secured", "*ṣərôr*": "bag/bundle/pouch", "*pišʿî*": "my transgression/my rebellion/my offense", "*wattiṭpōl*": "you cover over/you plaster over/you patch up", "*ʿăwōnî*": "my iniquity/my guilt/my punishment" } }
• Isa 44:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Isaiah.44.5", "source": "זֶ֤ה יֹאמַר֙ לַֽיהוָ֣ה אָ֔נִי וְזֶ֖ה יִקְרָ֣א בְשֵֽׁם־יַעֲקֹ֑ב וְזֶ֗ה יִכְתֹּ֤ב יָדוֹ֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה וּבְשֵׁ֥ם יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יְכַנֶּֽה׃", "text": "*zeh* *yōʾmar* *lȧYHWH* *ʾānî* *wə-zeh* *yiqrāʾ* *ḇəšēm-yaʿăqōḇ* *wə-zeh* *yiḵtōḇ* *yādô* *lȧYHWH* *û-ḇəšēm* *yiśrāʾēl* *yəḵanneh*", "grammar": { "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this one", "*yōʾmar*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will say", "*lȧYHWH*": "preposition + divine name - to/for YHWH", "*ʾānî*": "personal pronoun, 1st person singular - I", "*wə-zeh*": "conjunction + demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - and this one", "*yiqrāʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will call", "*ḇəšēm-yaʿăqōḇ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + proper noun - by the name of Jacob", "*wə-zeh*": "conjunction + demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - and this one", "*yiḵtōḇ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will write", "*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*lȧYHWH*": "preposition + divine name - to/for YHWH", "*û-ḇəšēm*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - and by the name of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine - Israel", "*yəḵanneh*": "verb, piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will title/surname himself" }, "variants": { "*yiqrāʾ*": "he will call/proclaim/name", "*yiḵtōḇ yādô*": "he will write with his hand/he will sign", "*yəḵanneh*": "he will title himself/surname himself/give a title" } }
• Song 8:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Song of Songs.8.6", "source": "שִׂימֵ֨נִי כַֽחוֹתָ֜ם עַל־לִבֶּ֗ךָ כַּֽחוֹתָם֙ עַל־זְרוֹעֶ֔ךָ כִּֽי־עַזָּ֤ה כַמָּ֙וֶת֙ אַהֲבָ֔ה קָשָׁ֥ה כִשְׁא֖וֹל קִנְאָ֑ה רְשָׁפֶ֕יהָ רִשְׁפֵּ֕י אֵ֖שׁ שַׁלְהֶ֥בֶתְיָֽה׃", "text": "*śîmēnî* like-the-*ḥôtām* upon-*libbeḵā* like-the-*ḥôtām* upon-*zĕrôʿeḵā* for-*ʿazzâ* like-the-*māwet* *ʾahăbâ* *qāšâ* like-*šĕʾôl* *qinʾâ* *rĕšāpêhā* *rišpê* *ʾēš* *šalhebetyâ*", "grammar": { "*śîmēnî*": "qal imperative masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - place me/set me", "*ḥôtām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the seal", "*libbeḵā*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your heart", "*ḥôtām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the seal", "*zĕrôʿeḵā*": "feminine singular noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your arm", "*ʿazzâ*": "adjective feminine singular - strong", "*māwet*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the death", "*ʾahăbâ*": "feminine singular noun - love", "*qāšâ*": "adjective feminine singular - hard/cruel/severe", "*šĕʾôl*": "proper noun - Sheol/grave/underworld", "*qinʾâ*": "feminine singular noun - jealousy", "*rĕšāpêhā*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its flames", "*rišpê*": "construct masculine plural noun - flames of", "*ʾēš*": "feminine singular noun - fire", "*šalhebetyâ*": "feminine singular noun - flame of Yah/intense flame" }, "variants": { "*ḥôtām*": "seal/signet ring", "*ʿazzâ*": "strong/fierce/intense", "*qāšâ*": "hard/cruel/severe/unyielding", "*šĕʾôl*": "Sheol/grave/underworld/realm of the dead", "*qinʾâ*": "jealousy/zeal/passion", "*rĕšāpêhā*": "its flames/its sparks/its burning coals", "*šalhebetyâ*": "flame of Yah/divine flame/most intense flame" } }
• Isa 8:1-2 : 1 { "verseID": "Isaiah.8.1", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֵלַ֔י קַח־לְךָ֖ גִּלָּי֣וֹן גָּד֑וֹל וּכְתֹ֤ב עָלָיו֙ בְּחֶ֣רֶט אֱנ֔וֹשׁ לְמַהֵ֥ר שָׁלָ֖ל חָ֥שׁ בַּֽז׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* *YHWH* to-me *qaḥ-ləkā* *gillāyôn* *gādôl* and-*kətōb* on-it with-*ḥereṭ* *ʾĕnôš* to-*mahēr šālāl ḥāš baz*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and said/spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*qaḥ-ləkā*": "qal imperative masculine singular + preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - take for yourself", "*gillāyôn*": "noun masculine singular - tablet/scroll/writing surface", "*gādôl*": "adjective masculine singular - large/great", "*kətōb*": "qal imperative masculine singular - write", "*ḥereṭ*": "noun masculine singular construct - stylus/engraving tool", "*ʾĕnôš*": "noun masculine singular - man/common person", "*mahēr šālāl ḥāš baz*": "phrase meaning 'quick to plunder, swift to spoil' - symbolic name" }, "variants": { "*gillāyôn*": "tablet/large scroll/writing surface", "*ḥereṭ ʾĕnôš*": "stylus of man/common writing tool/ordinary pen", "*mahēr šālāl ḥāš baz*": "quick to the spoil, swift to the prey/hasten to plunder, hurry to loot/speed to the spoil, haste to the prey" } } 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.8.2", "source": "וְאָעִ֣ידָה לִּ֔י עֵדִ֖ים נֶאֱמָנִ֑ים אֵ֚ת אוּרִיָּ֣ה הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְאֶת־זְכַרְיָ֖הוּ בֶּ֥ן יְבֶרֶכְיָֽהוּ׃", "text": "*wə-ʾāʿîdāh* to-me *ʿēdîm neʾĕmānîm* *ʾēt* *ʾûrîyāh* *ha-kōhēn* and-*ʾet*-*zəkarəyāhû* *ben yəberekyāhû*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾāʿîdāh*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 1st person singular cohortative - and I will call as witness", "*ʿēdîm*": "noun masculine plural - witnesses", "*neʾĕmānîm*": "niphal participle masculine plural - faithful/reliable/trustworthy", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ʾûrîyāh*": "proper noun - Uriah", "*ha-kōhēn*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the priest", "*zəkarəyāhû*": "proper noun - Zechariah", "*ben*": "noun masculine singular construct - son of", "*yəberekyāhû*": "proper noun - Jeberechiah" }, "variants": { "*ʾāʿîdāh*": "I will take as witness/I will call to testify/I will summon as witness", "*neʾĕmānîm*": "faithful/reliable/trustworthy" } }
• Isa 30:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Isaiah.30.8", "source": "עַתָּה בּוֹא כָתְבָהּ עַל־לוּחַ אִתָּם וְעַל־סֵפֶר חֻקָּהּ וּתְהִי לְיוֹם אַחֲרוֹן לָעַד עַד־עוֹלָם׃", "text": "Now, *bôʾ* *kotebāh* upon a *lûaḥ* with them and upon a *sēper* *ḥuqqāh*, and *tehî* for a day *ʾaḥărôn*, for a witness unto *ʿôlām*.", "grammar": { "*bôʾ*": "qal imperative masculine singular - go/come", "*kotebāh*": "qal imperative masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - write it", "*lûaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - tablet/board", "*sēper*": "masculine singular noun - book/scroll/document", "*ḥuqqāh*": "qal imperative masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - inscribe it", "*tehî*": "qal jussive 3rd person feminine singular - let it be", "*ʾaḥărôn*": "masculine singular adjective - latter/future/last", "*ʿôlām*": "masculine singular noun - forever/eternity" }, "variants": { "*bôʾ*": "go/come/enter", "*kotebāh*": "write it/inscribe it", "*lûaḥ*": "tablet/board/panel", "*sēper*": "book/scroll/document/letter", "*ḥuqqāh*": "inscribe it/engrave it", "*tehî*": "let it be/may it become", "*ʾaḥărôn*": "latter/future/last/coming", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/eternity/perpetuity" } }
• Josh 18:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Joshua.18.9", "source": "וַיֵּלְכוּ הָאֲנָשִׁים וַיַּעַבְרוּ בָאָרֶץ וַיִּכְתְּבוּהָ לֶעָרִים לְשִׁבְעָה חֲלָקִים עַל־סֵפֶר וַיָּבֹאוּ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אֶל־הַמַּחֲנֶה שִׁלֹה", "text": "*wa-yyēləkû hā-ʾănāšîm wa-yyaʿabrû bā-ʾāreṣ wa-yyiktəbûhā le-ʿārîm lə-šibʿâ ḥălāqîm ʿal-sēper wa-yyābōʾû ʾel-yəhôšuaʿ ʾel-ha-mmaḥăneh šilōh*", "grammar": { "*wa-yyēləkû*": "consecutive waw + Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they went", "*hā-ʾănāšîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the men", "*wa-yyaʿabrû*": "consecutive waw + Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they passed through", "*bā-ʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - in the land", "*wa-yyiktəbûhā*": "consecutive waw + Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - and they wrote it", "*le-ʿārîm*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural - by cities", "*lə-šibʿâ*": "preposition + numeral, feminine - into seven", "*ḥălāqîm*": "noun, masculine plural - portions/divisions", "*ʿal-sēper*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - on a scroll/book", "*wa-yyābōʾû*": "consecutive waw + Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they came", "*ʾel-yəhôšuaʿ*": "preposition + proper noun - to Joshua", "*ʾel-ha-mmaḥăneh*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - to the camp", "*šilōh*": "proper noun - Shiloh" }, "variants": { "*wa-yyaʿabrû*": "passed through/traversed/crossed over", "*wa-yyiktəbûhā*": "wrote it down/recorded it/described it", "*le-ʿārîm*": "by cities/according to cities/city by city", "*ḥălāqîm*": "portions/divisions/parts", "*ʿal-sēper*": "on a scroll/in a book/written document" } }
• Ruth 4:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "Ruth.4.9", "source": "וַיֹּאמֶר֩ בֹּ֨עַז לַזְּקֵנִ֜ים וְכָל־הָעָ֗ם עֵדִ֤ים אַתֶּם֙ הַיּ֔וֹם כִּ֤י קָנִ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֶֽאֱלִימֶ֔לֶךְ וְאֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְכִלְי֖וֹן וּמַחְל֑וֹן מִיַּ֖ד נָעֳמִֽי׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *Bōʿaz* to-the-*zəqēnîm* and-all-the-*ʿām* *ʿēdîm* you the-*yôm* that *qānîtî* *ʾet*-all-that to-*ʾĔlîmelek* and-*ʾēt* all-that to-*Kilyôn* and-*Maḥlôn* from-hand-of *Noʿŏmî*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*Bōʿaz*": "proper noun - Boaz", "*zəqēnîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article and preposition - to the elders", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people", "*ʿēdîm*": "noun, masculine plural - witnesses", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the day", "*qānîtî*": "Qal perfect, 1st singular - I have bought", "*ʾĔlîmelek*": "proper noun with preposition - to Elimelech", "*Kilyôn*": "proper noun with preposition - to Kilion", "*Maḥlôn*": "proper noun - Mahlon", "*Noʿŏmî*": "proper noun - Naomi" }, "variants": { "*zəqēnîm*": "elders/older men/city officials", "*ʿām*": "people/community/assembly", "*qānîtî*": "I have bought/I have acquired/I have purchased", "*ʿēdîm*": "witnesses/testifiers" } } 10 { "verseID": "Ruth.4.10", "source": "וְגַ֣ם אֶת־ר֣וּת הַמֹּאֲבִיָּה֩ אֵ֨שֶׁת מַחְל֜וֹן קָנִ֧יתִי לִ֣י לְאִשָּׁ֗ה לְהָקִ֤ים שֵׁם־הַמֵּת֙ עַל־נַ֣חֲלָת֔וֹ וְלֹא־יִכָּרֵ֧ת שֵׁם־הַמֵּ֛ת מֵעִ֥ם אֶחָ֖יו וּמִשַּׁ֣עַר מְקוֹמ֑וֹ עֵדִ֥ים אַתֶּ֖ם הַיּֽוֹם׃", "text": "*wə-gam* *ʾet*-*Rût* the-*Môʾăbîyâ* *ʾēšet* *Maḥlôn* *qānîtî* to-me for-*ʾiššâ* *ləhāqîm* *šēm*-the-*mēt* upon-*naḥălātô* and-not-*yikkārēt* *šēm*-the-*mēt* from-with *ʾeḥāyw* and-from-*šaʿar* *məqômô* *ʿēdîm* you the-*yôm*", "grammar": { "*wə-gam*": "conjunction + adverb - and also", "*Rût*": "proper noun with direct object marker - Ruth", "*Môʾăbîyâ*": "gentilic adjective, feminine singular with definite article - the Moabitess", "*ʾēšet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - wife of", "*Maḥlôn*": "proper noun - Mahlon", "*qānîtî*": "Qal perfect, 1st singular - I have bought", "*ʾiššâ*": "noun, feminine singular with preposition - for a wife", "*ləhāqîm*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - to raise up", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - name of", "*mēt*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with definite article - the dead man", "*naḥălātô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix with preposition - upon his inheritance", "*yikkārēt*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will be cut off", "*ʾeḥāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix with preposition - from his brothers", "*šaʿar*": "noun, masculine singular construct with preposition - from gate of", "*məqômô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his place", "*ʿēdîm*": "noun, masculine plural - witnesses", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the day" }, "variants": { "*qānîtî*": "I have bought/I have acquired/I have taken", "*ləhāqîm* *šēm*": "to raise up name/to preserve lineage/to continue family line", "*yikkārēt*": "will be cut off/will be removed/will be eliminated", "*šaʿar* *məqômô*": "gate of his place/his hometown/his community" } } 11 { "verseID": "Ruth.4.11", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמְר֜וּ כָּל־הָעָ֧ם אֲשֶׁר־בַּשַּׁ֛עַר וְהַזְּקֵנִ֖ים עֵדִ֑ים יִתֵּן֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֶֽת־הָאִשָּׁ֜ה הַבָּאָ֣ה אֶל־בֵּיתֶ֗ךָ כְּרָחֵ֤ל ׀ וּכְלֵאָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר בָּנ֤וּ שְׁתֵּיהֶם֙ אֶת־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַעֲשֵׂה־חַ֣יִל בְּאֶפְרָ֔תָה וּקְרָא־שֵׁ֖ם בְּבֵ֥ית לָֽחֶם׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmərû* all-the-*ʿām* who-in-the-*šaʿar* and-the-*zəqēnîm* *ʿēdîm* *yittēn* *YHWH* *ʾet*-the-*ʾiššâ* the-*bāʾâ* to-*bêtekā* like-*Rāḥēl* and-like-*Lēʾâ* who *bānû* both-of-them *ʾet*-*bêt* *Yiśrāʾēl* *wa-ʿăśēh*-*ḥayil* in-*ʾEprātâ* *ûqərā*-*šēm* in-*Bêt* *Lāḥem*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmərû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they said", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people", "*šaʿar*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article with preposition - in the gate", "*zəqēnîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the elders", "*ʿēdîm*": "noun, masculine plural - witnesses", "*yittēn*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular jussive - may he give", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*ʾiššâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article with direct object marker - the woman", "*bāʾâ*": "Qal participle, feminine singular with definite article - the one coming", "*bêtekā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix with preposition - to your house", "*Rāḥēl*": "proper noun with preposition of comparison - like Rachel", "*Lēʾâ*": "proper noun with preposition of comparison - like Leah", "*bānû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they built", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct with direct object marker - house of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wa-ʿăśēh*": "conjunction + Qal imperative, masculine singular - and do/make", "*ḥayil*": "noun, masculine singular - strength/wealth/power", "*ʾEprātâ*": "proper noun with preposition - in Ephrathah", "*ûqərā*": "conjunction + Qal imperative, masculine singular - and call/proclaim", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular - name", "*Bêt* *Lāḥem*": "proper noun with preposition - in Bethlehem" }, "variants": { "*ʿăśēh*-*ḥayil*": "do worthily/achieve wealth/gain power/be prosperous", "*bāʾâ*": "coming/entering/going", "*qərā*-*šēm*": "call a name/become famous/gain renown" } }
• Dan 8:26 : 26 { "verseID": "Daniel.8.26", "source": "וּמַרְאֵ֨ה הָעֶ֧רֶב וְהַבֹּ֛קֶר אֲשֶׁ֥ר נֶאֱמַ֖ר אֱמֶ֣ת ה֑וּא וְאַתָּה֙ סְתֹ֣ם הֶֽחָז֔וֹן כִּ֖י לְיָמִ֥ים רַבִּֽים׃", "text": "And-*marʾēh* the-*ʿereḇ* and-the-*bōqer* which *neʾĕmar* *ʾĕmeṯ* he. And-you *sᵊṯōm* the-*ḥāzôn*, for to-*yāmîm* *rabbîm*.", "grammar": { "*marʾēh*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - vision of", "*ʿereḇ*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the evening", "*bōqer*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the morning", "*neʾĕmar*": "niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - was told/spoken", "*ʾĕmeṯ*": "noun, feminine, singular - truth", "*sᵊṯōm*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - seal up/keep secret", "*ḥāzôn*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the vision", "*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - days", "*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine, plural - many" }, "variants": { "*marʾēh*": "vision/appearance", "*ʿereḇ*": "evening/sunset", "*bōqer*": "morning/dawn", "*neʾĕmar*": "was told/was spoken/was said", "*ʾĕmeṯ*": "truth/faithful/reliable", "*sᵊṯōm*": "seal up/keep secret/close up", "*ḥāzôn*": "vision/revelation", "*yāmîm*": "days/time", "*rabbîm*": "many/numerous/long" } }
• John 3:33 : 33 { "verseID": "John.3.33", "source": "Ὁ λαβὼν αὐτοῦ τὴν μαρτυρίαν ἐσφράγισεν ὅτι ὁ Θεὸς ἀληθής ἐστιν.", "text": "The one *labōn autou tēn martyrian esphragisen hoti ho Theos alēthēs estin*.", "grammar": { "*labōn*": "aorist participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having received", "*autou*": "personal pronoun, genitive, masculine - his", "*martyrian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - testimony", "*esphragisen*": "aorist, 3rd singular - has sealed/certified", "*hoti*": "conjunction - that", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*alēthēs*": "nominative, masculine, singular - true", "*estin*": "present, 3rd singular - is" }, "variants": { "*labōn*": "receiving/accepting", "*esphragisen*": "sealed/certified/confirmed/attested", "*alēthēs*": "true/truthful/genuine" } }
• John 6:27 : 27 { "verseID": "John.6.27", "source": "Ἐργάζεσθε μὴ τὴν βρῶσιν τὴν ἀπολλυμένην, ἀλλὰ τὴν βρῶσιν τὴν μένουσαν εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον, ἣν ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ὑμῖν δώσει: τοῦτον γὰρ ὁ Πατὴρ ἐσφράγισεν ὁ Θεός.", "text": "*Ergazesthe* not for the *brōsin* the *apollymenēn*, but for the *brōsin* the *menousan* into *zōēn* *aiōnion*, which the *Hyios* of the *anthrōpou* to you *dōsei*: this one *gar* the *Patēr* *esphragisen* the *Theos*.", "grammar": { "*Ergazesthe*": "present, imperative, middle, 2nd plural - work/labor", "*brōsin*": "accusative, feminine, singular - food", "*apollymenēn*": "present, participle, middle, accusative, feminine, singular - perishing", "*menousan*": "present, participle, active, accusative, feminine, singular - remaining/enduring", "*zōēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - life", "*aiōnion*": "accusative, feminine, singular - eternal/everlasting", "*Hyios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Son", "*anthrōpou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - man/mankind", "*dōsei*": "future, indicative, active, 3rd singular - will give", "*gar*": "postpositive particle - for/because", "*Patēr*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Father", "*esphragisen*": "aorist, indicative, active, 3rd singular - sealed/certified", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God" }, "variants": { "*Ergazesthe*": "work/labor/strive", "*brōsin*": "food/nourishment/meat", "*apollymenēn*": "perishing/decaying/being destroyed", "*menousan*": "remaining/enduring/lasting", "*zōēn*": "life/existence", "*aiōnion*": "eternal/everlasting/age-lasting", "*Hyios*": "Son", "*anthrōpou*": "man/mankind/humanity", "*Patēr*": "Father", "*esphragisen*": "sealed/certified/authorized", "*Theos*": "God/deity" } }
• 2 Cor 1:22 : 22 { "verseID": "2 Corinthians.1.22", "source": "Ὁ καὶ σφραγισάμενος ἡμᾶς, καὶ δοὺς τὸν ἀρραβῶνα τοῦ Πνεύματος ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ἡμῶν.", "text": "Who also *sphragisamenos* us, and *dous* the *arrabōna* of the *Pneumatos* in the *kardiais* of us.", "grammar": { "*sphragisamenos*": "aorist participle, middle, nominative, masculine, singular - having sealed", "*dous*": "aorist participle, active, nominative, masculine, singular - having given", "*arrabōna*": "accusative, masculine, singular - pledge/deposit/down payment", "*Pneumatos*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of Spirit", "*kardiais*": "dative, feminine, plural - in hearts" }, "variants": { "*sphragisamenos*": "having sealed/marked/secured", "*dous*": "having given/granted/bestowed", "*arrabōna*": "pledge/deposit/down payment/guarantee", "*Pneumatos*": "Spirit/wind/breath", "*kardiais*": "hearts/inner beings/minds" } }
• Eph 1:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Ephesians.1.13", "source": "Ἐν ᾧ καὶ ὑμεῖς, ἀκούσαντες τὸν λόγον τῆς ἀληθείας, τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς σωτηρίας ὑμῶν: ἐν ᾧ καὶ, πιστεύσαντες ἐσφραγίσθητε τῷ Πνεύματι τῆς ἐπαγγελίας τῷ Ἁγίῳ,", "text": "In whom also you, having *akousantes* the *logon* of the *alētheias*, the *euangelion* of the *sōtērias* of you: in whom also, having *pisteusantes* you *esphragisthēte* with the *Pneumati* of the *epangelias* the *Hagiō*,", "grammar": { "*En*": "preposition governing dative - sphere/location", "*hō*": "relative pronoun, dative, masculine, singular - referring to *Christō*", "*kai*": "adverb - also/even", "*hymeis*": "nominative, plural - subject (elliptical verb)", "*akousantes*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - circumstantial", "*logon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - direct object", "*alētheias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - descriptive", "*euangelion*": "accusative, neuter, singular - apposition", "*sōtērias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - descriptive", "*hymōn*": "genitive, plural - possessive", "*en*": "preposition governing dative - sphere/location", "*hō*": "relative pronoun, dative, masculine, singular - referring to *Christō*", "*kai*": "adverb - also/even", "*pisteusantes*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - circumstantial", "*esphragisthēte*": "aorist passive indicative, 2nd plural - main verb", "*Pneumati*": "dative, neuter, singular - means/instrument", "*epangelias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - descriptive", "*Hagiō*": "dative, neuter, singular - attributive" }, "variants": { "*akousantes*": "heard/listened to", "*logon*": "word/message/account", "*alētheias*": "truth/reality", "*euangelion*": "gospel/good news", "*sōtērias*": "salvation/deliverance/preservation", "*pisteusantes*": "believed/trusted/had faith", "*esphragisthēte*": "sealed/marked/authenticated", "*Pneumati*": "Spirit/spirit/breath", "*epangelias*": "promise/pledge", "*Hagiō*": "Holy/set apart" } }
• Eph 4:30 : 30 { "verseID": "Ephesians.4.30", "source": "Καὶ μὴ λυπεῖτε τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἐν ᾧ ἐσφραγίσθητε εἰς ἡμέραν ἀπολυτρώσεως.", "text": "And not *lypeite* the *Pneuma* the *Hagion* of the *Theou*, in whom you were *esphragisthēte* for *hēmeran apolytrōseōs*.", "grammar": { "*lypeite*": "present active imperative, 2nd plural - grieve", "*Pneuma*": "accusative neuter singular - Spirit", "*Hagion*": "accusative neuter singular - Holy", "*Theou*": "genitive masculine singular - of God", "*esphragisthēte*": "aorist passive indicative, 2nd plural - you were sealed", "*hēmeran*": "accusative feminine singular - day", "*apolytrōseōs*": "genitive feminine singular - of redemption" }, "variants": { "*lypeite*": "grieve/cause sorrow to", "*Pneuma* *Hagion*": "Holy Spirit", "*Theou*": "God/deity", "*esphragisthēte*": "were sealed/marked/secured", "*hēmeran*": "day/time", "*apolytrōseōs*": "redemption/deliverance/release by payment" } }
• Rev 7:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Revelation.7.2", "source": "Καὶ εἶδον ἄλλον ἄγγελον ἀναβαίνοντα ἀπὸ ἀνατολῆς ἡλίου, ἔχοντα σφραγῖδα Θεοῦ ζῶντος: καὶ ἔκραξεν φωνῇ μεγάλῃ τοῖς τέσσαρσιν ἀγγέλοις, οἷς ἐδόθη αὐτοῖς ἀδικῆσαι τὴν γῆν καὶ τὴν θάλασσαν,", "text": "And *eidon* another *angelon* *anabainonta* from *anatolēs* *hēliou*, *echonta* *sphragida* of *Theou* *zōntos*: and *ekraxen* with *phōnē* *megalē* to the four *angelois*, to whom *edothē* to them to *adikēsai* the *gēn* and the *thalassan*,", "grammar": { "*eidon*": "aorist active indicative, 1st singular - I saw", "*angelon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - angel/messenger", "*anabainonta*": "present active participle, accusative, masculine, singular - ascending/rising", "*anatolēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - rising/east", "*hēliou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of sun", "*echonta*": "present active participle, accusative, masculine, singular - having", "*sphragida*": "accusative, feminine, singular - seal", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God", "*zōntos*": "present active participle, genitive, masculine, singular - living", "*ekraxen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - he cried out", "*phōnē*": "dative, feminine, singular - voice/sound", "*megalē*": "dative, feminine, singular - great/loud", "*angelois*": "dative, masculine, plural - to angels", "*edothē*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular - it was given", "*adikēsai*": "aorist active infinitive - to harm/damage", "*gēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - earth/land", "*thalassan*": "accusative, feminine, singular - sea" }, "variants": { "*anatolēs*": "rising/east/dayspring", "*sphragida*": "seal/signet", "*zōntos*": "living/alive", "*phōnē*": "voice/sound/tone", "*adikēsai*": "to harm/injure/damage/wrong" } }
• Rev 9:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Revelation.9.4", "source": "Καὶ ἐρρέθη αὐταῖς ἵνα μὴ ἀδικήσωσιν τὸν χόρτον τῆς γῆς, οὐδὲ πᾶν χλωρὸν, οὐδὲ πᾶν δένδρον· εἰ μὴ τοὺς ἀνθρώπους μόνους οἵτινες οὐκ ἔχουσιν τὴν σφραγῖδα τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐπὶ τῶν μετώπων αὐτῶν.", "text": "And *errethē* to them that *hina* not *adikēsōsin* the *chorton* of the *gēs*, neither any *chlōron*, neither any *dendron*; *ei mē* the *anthrōpous* *monous* *hoitines* not *echousin* the *sphragida* of the *Theou* upon the *metōpōn* of them.", "grammar": { "*errethē*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person singular - it was said/told", "*hina*": "conjunction - that/in order that", "*adikēsōsin*": "aorist active subjunctive, 3rd person plural - they should harm/injure", "*chorton*": "accusative, masculine, singular - grass/vegetation", "*gēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - earth/land", "*chlōron*": "accusative, neuter, singular - green thing", "*dendron*": "accusative, neuter, singular - tree", "*ei mē*": "except/but only", "*anthrōpous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - men/humans", "*monous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - only/alone", "*hoitines*": "nominative, masculine, plural, relative pronoun - who/whoever", "*echousin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person plural - have/possess", "*sphragida*": "accusative, feminine, singular - seal/mark", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - God", "*metōpōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - foreheads" }, "variants": { "*adikēsōsin*": "harm/injure/damage", "*chorton*": "grass/hay/vegetation", "*chlōron*": "green thing/vegetation", "*sphragida*": "seal/mark/signet" } }