1 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.1",
"source": "לְמוֹאָ֡ב כֹּֽה־אָמַר֩ יְהוָ֨ה צְבָא֜וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל ה֤וֹי אֶל־נְבוֹ֙ כִּ֣י שֻׁדָּ֔דָה הֹבִ֥ישָׁה נִלְכְּדָ֖ה קִרְיָתָ֑יִם הֹבִ֥ישָׁה הַמִּשְׂגָּ֖ב וָחָֽתָּה׃",
"text": "To *Môʾāḇ* thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH* *ṣᵉḇāʾôṯ* *ʾĕlōhê* *Yiśrāʾēl*, *hôy* to *Nᵉḇô* because *šuddāḏāh* [she is devastated], *hōḇîšāh* [she is put to shame], *nilkᵉḏāh* *Qiryāṯāyim*; *hōḇîšāh* *hammisĝāḇ* and *wāḥāttāh* [it is dismayed].",
"grammar": {
"*lᵉ-Môʾāḇ*": "preposition + proper noun, masculine singular - 'to/concerning Moab'",
"*kōh*": "adverb - 'thus, so'",
"*ʾāmar*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'said/speaks'",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - 'LORD'",
"*ṣᵉḇāʾôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - 'of hosts/armies'",
"*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - 'God of'",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - 'Israel'",
"*hôy*": "interjection - 'woe'",
"*ʾel-Nᵉḇô*": "preposition + proper noun - 'to/against Nebo'",
"*kî*": "conjunction - 'because, for'",
"*šuddāḏāh*": "Pual perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she is devastated/destroyed'",
"*hōḇîšāh*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she is put to shame/disgraced'",
"*nilkᵉḏāh*": "Niphal perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she is captured/seized'",
"*Qiryāṯāyim*": "proper noun - 'Kiriathaim'",
"*hōḇîšāh*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she is put to shame/disgraced'",
"*hammisĝāḇ*": "article + noun, masculine singular - 'the stronghold/high refuge'",
"*wāḥāttāh*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'and she is dismayed/shattered'"
},
"variants": {
"*Môʾāḇ*": "Moab (nation east of Dead Sea)",
"*YHWH ṣᵉḇāʾôṯ*": "LORD of hosts/armies/celestial forces",
"*hôy*": "woe/alas (cry of lament)",
"*šuddāḏāh*": "devastated/destroyed/plundered",
"*hōḇîšāh*": "put to shame/disgraced/humiliated",
"*misĝāḇ*": "stronghold/high refuge/fortress",
"*ḥāttāh*": "dismayed/shattered/broken"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.2",
"source": "אֵ֣ין עוֹד֮ תְּהִלַּ֣ת מוֹאָב֒ בְּחֶשְׁבּ֗וֹן חָשְׁב֤וּ עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ רָעָ֔ה לְכ֖וּ וְנַכְרִיתֶ֣נָּה מִגּ֑וֹי גַּם־מַדְמֵ֣ן תִּדֹּ֔מִּי אַחֲרַ֖יִךְ תֵּ֥לֶךְ חָֽרֶב׃",
"text": "*ʾên* again *tᵉhillaṯ* *Môʾāḇ*; in *Ḥešbôn* they *ḥāšᵉḇû* against her *rāʿāh* [evil]: 'Come and *wᵉnaḵrîṯennāh* from being a *gôy*.' Also *Maḏmēn*, *tiḏōmmî* [you will be silenced]; after you *tēleḵ* *ḥāreḇ* [a sword will go].",
"grammar": {
"*ʾên*": "particle of negation - 'there is not/no more'",
"*ʿôḏ*": "adverb - 'still/again/anymore'",
"*tᵉhillaṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - 'praise of/glory of'",
"*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - 'Moab'",
"*bᵉ-Ḥešbôn*": "preposition + proper noun - 'in Heshbon'",
"*ḥāšᵉḇû*": "Qal perfect 3rd plural - 'they planned/devised'",
"*ʿāleyhā*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'against her'",
"*rāʿāh*": "noun, feminine singular - 'evil/harm/calamity'",
"*lᵉḵû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - 'go/come'",
"*wᵉnaḵrîṯennāh*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 1st plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'and let us cut her off'",
"*mi-gôy*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'from [being] a nation'",
"*gam*": "adverb - 'also/even'",
"*Maḏmēn*": "proper noun - 'Madmen (city in Moab)'",
"*tiḏōmmî*": "Qal imperfect 2nd feminine singular - 'you will be silent/silenced/destroyed'",
"*ʾaḥărayiḵ*": "preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - 'after you'",
"*tēleḵ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she will go/follow'",
"*ḥāreḇ*": "noun, feminine singular - 'sword'"
},
"variants": {
"*tᵉhillaṯ*": "praise/glory/renown",
"*Ḥešbôn*": "Heshbon (city in Moab); wordplay with *ḥāšᵉḇû* (planned)",
"*ḥāšᵉḇû*": "planned/devised/thought",
"*rāʿāh*": "evil/harm/calamity",
"*naḵrîṯennāh*": "cut her off/destroy her/silence her",
"*gôy*": "nation/people",
"*Maḏmēn*": "Madmen (city); wordplay with *tiḏōmmî* (be silent)",
"*tiḏōmmî*": "be silent/perish/be destroyed",
"*ḥāreḇ*": "sword/warfare/destruction"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.3",
"source": "ק֥וֹל צְעָקָ֖ה מֵחֹֽרוֹנָ֑יִם שֹׁ֖ד וָשֶׁ֥בֶר גָּדֽוֹל׃",
"text": "*qôl* *ṣᵉʿāqāh* from *Ḥōrônāyim*: *šōḏ* and *šeḇer* *gāḏôl* [great devastation and destruction].",
"grammar": {
"*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'sound of/voice of'",
"*ṣᵉʿāqāh*": "noun, feminine singular - 'outcry/cry'",
"*mē-Ḥōrônāyim*": "preposition + proper noun - 'from Horonaim'",
"*šōḏ*": "noun, masculine singular - 'devastation/destruction'",
"*wā-šeḇer*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - 'and breaking/destruction'",
"*gāḏôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - 'great/large'"
},
"variants": {
"*qôl ṣᵉʿāqāh*": "sound of crying/voice of distress/outcry",
"*šōḏ*": "devastation/destruction/violence",
"*šeḇer*": "breaking/fracture/destruction",
"*gāḏôl*": "great/mighty/significant"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.4",
"source": "נִשְׁבְּרָ֖ה מוֹאָ֑ב הִשְׁמִ֥יעוּ זְּעָקָ֖ה *צעוריה **צְעִירֶֽיהָ׃",
"text": "*nišbᵉrāh* *Môʾāḇ*; they *hišmîʿû* *zᵉʿāqāh* [have made heard a cry], her *ṣᵉʿîreyhā* [little ones].",
"grammar": {
"*nišbᵉrāh*": "Niphal perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she is broken/shattered'",
"*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - 'Moab'",
"*hišmîʿû*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd plural - 'they made heard/caused to be heard'",
"*zᵉʿāqāh*": "noun, feminine singular - 'outcry/cry/distress call'",
"*ṣᵉʿîreyhā*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her little ones/young ones'"
},
"variants": {
"*nišbᵉrāh*": "broken/shattered/destroyed",
"*hišmîʿû*": "made heard/announced/proclaimed",
"*zᵉʿāqāh*": "outcry/distress call/wailing",
"*ṣᵉʿîreyhā*": "her little ones/her young ones/her children"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.5",
"source": "כִּ֚י מַעֲלֵ֣ה *הלחות **הַלּוּחִ֔ית בִּבְכִ֖י יַֽעֲלֶה־בֶּ֑כִי כִּ֚י בְּמוֹרַ֣ד חוֹרֹנַ֔יִם צָרֵ֥י צַֽעֲקַת־שֶׁ֖בֶר שָׁמֵֽעוּ׃",
"text": "For [at] *maʿălēh* *hallûḥîṯ* with *beḵî* he *yaʿăleh-beḵî* [ascends with weeping]; for in *môraḏ* *Ḥôrōnayim* *ṣārê* *ṣaʿăqaṯ-šeḇer* *šāmēʿû* [the adversaries have heard a cry of destruction].",
"grammar": {
"*kî*": "conjunction - 'for/because'",
"*maʿălēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'ascent of'",
"*hallûḥîṯ*": "article + proper noun - 'the Luhith'",
"*bi-ḇḵî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'with weeping'",
"*yaʿăleh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'he goes up/ascends'",
"*beḵî*": "noun, masculine singular - 'weeping'",
"*kî*": "conjunction - 'for/because'",
"*bᵉ-môraḏ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - 'in descent of'",
"*Ḥôrōnayim*": "proper noun - 'Horonaim'",
"*ṣārê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - 'adversaries of/distress of'",
"*ṣaʿăqaṯ-šeḇer*": "noun, feminine singular construct + noun, masculine singular - 'cry of destruction'",
"*šāmēʿû*": "Qal perfect 3rd plural - 'they heard'"
},
"variants": {
"*maʿălēh*": "ascent/slope/going up",
"*bi-ḇḵî*": "with weeping/in tears",
"*yaʿăleh-beḵî*": "ascends with weeping/goes up in tears",
"*môraḏ*": "descent/slope/going down",
"*ṣārê*": "adversaries/enemies/distresses",
"*ṣaʿăqaṯ-šeḇer*": "cry of destruction/outcry of breaking"
}
}