Job 3:14

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Job.3.14", "source": "עִם־מְ֭לָכִים וְיֹ֣עֲצֵי אָ֑רֶץ הַבֹּנִ֖ים חֳרָב֣וֹת לָֽמוֹ׃", "text": "*ʿim-məlākîm wəyōʿăṣê ʾāreṣ habbōnîm ḥŏrābôt lāmô*", "grammar": { "*ʿim-məlākîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - with kings", "*wəyōʿăṣê*": "conjunction + verb, Qal participle, masculine plural construct - and counselors of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land", "*habbōnîm*": "definite article + verb, Qal participle, masculine plural - the ones building", "*ḥŏrābôt*": "noun, feminine plural - ruins/desolate places", "*lāmô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - for themselves" }, "variants": { "*məlākîm*": "kings/rulers", "*yōʿăṣê*": "counselors of/advisors of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground", "*habbōnîm*": "the ones building/the ones constructing", "*ḥŏrābôt*": "ruins/desolate places/empty monuments", "*lāmô*": "for themselves/for them" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

עִם־מְ֭לָכִים וְיֹ֣עֲצֵי אָ֑רֶץ הַבֹּנִ֖ים חֳרָב֣וֹת לָֽמוֹ׃

Transliteration

ʿim-məlākîm wəyōʿăṣê ʾāreṣ habbōnîm ḥŏrābôt lāmô

Grammar Details

• *ʿim-məlākîm*: preposition + noun, masculine plural - with kings
• *wəyōʿăṣê*: conjunction + verb, Qal participle, masculine plural construct - and counselors of
• *ʾāreṣ*: noun, feminine singular - earth/land
• *habbōnîm*: definite article + verb, Qal participle, masculine plural - the ones building
• *ḥŏrābôt*: noun, feminine plural - ruins/desolate places
• *lāmô*: preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - for themselves

Word Meanings

• *məlākîm*: kings/rulers
• *yōʿăṣê*: counselors of/advisors of
• *ʾāreṣ*: earth/land/ground
• *habbōnîm*: the ones building/the ones constructing
• *ḥŏrābôt*: ruins/desolate places/empty monuments
• *lāmô*: for themselves/for them

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  With kings and counselors of the earth who built ruins for themselves.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  With kings and counsellers of the earth, which built desolate places for themselves;

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  With kings and counselors of the earth, who built ruins for themselves;

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  With kings and counsellors of the earth, which built desolate places for themselves;

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  With kings{H4428} and counsellors{H3289} of the earth,{H776} Who built{H1129} up waste places{H2723} for themselves;

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  With kings{H4428} and counsellors{H3289}{(H8802)} of the earth{H776}, which built{H1129}{(H8802)} desolate places{H2723} for themselves;

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  like as the kynges ad lordes of ye earth, which buylde them selues speciall places:

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  With the Kings & counselers of the earth, which haue buylded themselues desolate places:

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Lyke as the kinges and lordes of the earth, which haue buylded them selues speciall places,

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  With kings and counsellors of the earth, which built desolate places for themselves;

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  With kings and counselors of the earth, Who built up waste places for themselves;

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  With kings and counsellors of earth, These building wastes for themselves.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  With kings and counsellors of the earth, Who built up waste places for themselves;

• American Standard Version (1901)

  With kings and counsellors of the earth, Who built up waste places for themselves;

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  With kings and the wise ones of the earth, who put up great houses for themselves;

• World English Bible (2000)

  with kings and counselors of the earth, who built up waste places for themselves;

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  with kings and counselors of the earth who built for themselves places now desolate,

Referenced Verses

• Job 15:28 : 28 { "verseID": "Job.15.28", "source": "וַיִּשְׁכּוֹן עָרִים נִכְחָדוֹת בָּתִּים לֹא־יֵשְׁבוּ לָמוֹ אֲשֶׁר הִתְעַתְּדוּ לְגַלִּים", "text": "*wayyiškôn* *ʿārîm* *niḵḥādôt* *bāttîm* *lōʾ-yēšḇû* *lāmô* *ʾăšer* *hitʿattədû* *ləḡallîm*", "grammar": { "*wayyiškôn*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he dwells", "*ʿārîm*": "noun, feminine plural - cities", "*niḵḥādôt*": "niphal participle, feminine plural - desolate", "*bāttîm*": "noun, masculine plural - houses", "*lōʾ-yēšḇû*": "negative particle + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they do not dwell", "*lāmô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - in them", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*hitʿattədû*": "hithpael perfect, 3rd common plural - are ready", "*ləḡallîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - for ruins" }, "variants": { "*šāḵan*": "to dwell, abide, reside", "*ʿîr*": "city, town", "*kāḥad*": "to hide, conceal, desolate", "*bayit*": "house, dwelling, family", "*yāšaḇ*": "to sit, dwell, remain", "*ʿātad*": "to be ready, prepare", "*gal*": "heap, wave, spring" } }
• Isa 14:10-16 : 10 { "verseID": "Isaiah.14.10", "source": "כֻּלָּ֣ם יַֽעֲנ֔וּ וְיֹאמְר֖וּ אֵלֶ֑יךָ גַּם־אַתָּ֛ה חֻלֵּ֥יתָ כָמ֖וֹנוּ אֵלֵ֥ינוּ נִמְשָֽׁלְתָּ׃", "text": "All-of-them *yaʿănû* and-*yōʾmǝrû* to-you: Also-you *ḥullêtā* like-us, to-us *nimšāltā*.", "grammar": { "*yaʿănû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will answer", "*yōʾmǝrû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will say", "*ḥullêtā*": "pual perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have been weakened", "*nimšāltā*": "niphal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have been made like/compared" }, "variants": { "*yaʿănû*": "answer/respond/reply", "*yōʾmǝrû*": "say/speak/tell", "*ḥullêtā*": "have been weakened/made sick/made feeble", "*nimšāltā*": "have been made like/have been compared/have become similar to" } } 11 { "verseID": "Isaiah.14.11", "source": "הוּרַ֥ד שְׁא֛וֹל גְּאוֹנֶ֖ךָ הֶמְיַ֣ת נְבָלֶ֑יךָ תַּחְתֶּ֙יךָ֙ יֻצַּ֣ע רִמָּ֔ה וּמְכַסֶּ֖יךָ תּוֹלֵעָֽה׃", "text": "*hûrad* *šǝʾôl* *gǝʾôneḵā*, *hemyat* *nǝḇāleḵā*; beneath-you *yuṣṣaʿ* *rimmāh*, and-*mǝḵasseḵā* *tôlēʿāh*.", "grammar": { "*hûrad*": "hophal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - is brought down", "*šǝʾôl*": "proper noun - Sheol/underworld", "*gǝʾôneḵā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your pride/majesty", "*hemyat*": "construct form, feminine singular - noise/sound of", "*nǝḇāleḵā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your harps/instruments", "*yuṣṣaʿ*": "hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - is spread out", "*rimmāh*": "feminine singular noun - maggot/worm", "*mǝḵasseḵā*": "plural construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your coverings", "*tôlēʿāh*": "feminine singular noun - worm/grub" }, "variants": { "*hûrad*": "is brought down/is made to descend/is lowered", "*gǝʾôneḵā*": "your pride/your pomp/your majesty/your arrogance", "*hemyat*": "noise/sound/murmur/uproar", "*nǝḇāleḵā*": "your harps/your instruments/your lutes", "*yuṣṣaʿ*": "is spread out/is laid out/is made a bed", "*rimmāh*": "maggot/worm", "*tôlēʿāh*": "worm/grub/crimson" } } 12 { "verseID": "Isaiah.14.12", "source": "אֵ֛יךְ נָפַ֥לְתָּ מִשָּׁמַ֖יִם הֵילֵ֣ל בֶּן־שָׁ֑חַר נִגְדַּ֣עְתָּ לָאָ֔רֶץ חוֹלֵ֖שׁ עַל־גּוֹיִֽם׃", "text": "*ʾêḵ* *nāp̄altā* from-*šāmayim*, *hêlēl* *ben*-*šāḥar*! *niḡdaʿtā* to-the-*ʾāreṣ*, *ḥôlēš* upon-*gôyim*.", "grammar": { "*ʾêḵ*": "interrogative adverb - how", "*nāp̄altā*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have fallen", "*šāmayim*": "masculine dual noun - heavens", "*hêlēl*": "masculine singular noun - shining one/morning star", "*ben*": "masculine singular construct - son of", "*šāḥar*": "masculine singular noun - dawn/morning", "*niḡdaʿtā*": "niphal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you are cut down", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with directional he - to the earth/land", "*ḥôlēš*": "qal active participle, masculine singular - weakening/laying prostrate", "*gôyim*": "masculine plural noun - nations" }, "variants": { "*nāp̄altā*": "have fallen/have descended/have been cast down", "*hêlēl*": "shining one/morning star/Lucifer/day star", "*šāḥar*": "dawn/morning/daybreak", "*niḡdaʿtā*": "are cut down/are hewn down/are broken off", "*ḥôlēš*": "weakening/casting down/prostrating/overthrowing" } } 13 { "verseID": "Isaiah.14.13", "source": "וְאַתָּ֞ה אָמַ֤רְתָּ בִֽלְבָבְךָ֙ הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם אֶֽעֱלֶ֔ה מִמַּ֥עַל לְכֽוֹכְבֵי־אֵ֖ל אָרִ֣ים כִּסְאִ֑י וְאֵשֵׁ֥ב בְּהַר־מוֹעֵ֖ד בְּיַרְכְּתֵ֥י צָפֽוֹן׃", "text": "And-you *ʾāmartā* in-*lǝḇāḇǝḵā*: The-*šāmayim* *ʾeʿĕleh*, above *kôḵǝḇê*-*ʾēl* *ʾārîm* *kisʾî*; and-*ʾēšēḇ* in-*har*-*môʿēd* in-*yarḵǝtê* *ṣāp̄ôn*.", "grammar": { "*ʾāmartā*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have said", "*lǝḇāḇǝḵā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your heart", "*šāmayim*": "masculine dual noun with definite article - the heavens", "*ʾeʿĕleh*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will ascend", "*kôḵǝḇê*": "masculine plural construct - stars of", "*ʾēl*": "masculine singular noun - God/deity", "*ʾārîm*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st singular - I will raise", "*kisʾî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my throne", "*ʾēšēḇ*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will sit/dwell", "*har*": "masculine singular construct - mountain of", "*môʿēd*": "masculine singular noun - assembly/meeting", "*yarḵǝtê*": "feminine plural construct - remote parts/recesses of", "*ṣāp̄ôn*": "masculine singular noun - north/northern" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmartā*": "have said/have thought/have spoken", "*lǝḇāḇǝḵā*": "your heart/your mind/your inner self", "*ʾeʿĕleh*": "I will ascend/I will go up/I will climb", "*kôḵǝḇê*": "stars of", "*ʾēl*": "God/deity/mighty one", "*ʾārîm*": "I will raise/I will lift up/I will exalt", "*ʾēšēḇ*": "I will sit/I will dwell/I will be enthroned", "*har*-*môʿēd*": "mountain of assembly/mount of meeting/mount of congregation", "*yarḵǝtê*": "remote parts/recesses/furthest parts", "*ṣāp̄ôn*": "north/northern/north side" } } 14 { "verseID": "Isaiah.14.14", "source": "אֶעֱלֶ֖ה עַל־בָּ֣מֳתֵי עָ֑ב אֶדַּמֶּ֖ה לְעֶלְיֽוֹן׃", "text": "*ʾeʿĕleh* upon-*bāmŏtê* *ʿāḇ*; *ʾeddammeh* to-*ʿelyôn*.", "grammar": { "*ʾeʿĕleh*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will ascend", "*bāmŏtê*": "feminine plural construct - heights of", "*ʿāḇ*": "masculine singular noun - cloud/thick cloud", "*ʾeddammeh*": "hithpael imperfect, 1st singular - I will make myself like", "*ʿelyôn*": "adjective/divine title - Most High" }, "variants": { "*ʾeʿĕleh*": "I will ascend/I will go up/I will climb", "*bāmŏtê*": "heights/high places/backs", "*ʿāḇ*": "cloud/thick cloud/dark cloud", "*ʾeddammeh*": "I will make myself like/I will compare myself to/I will resemble", "*ʿelyôn*": "Most High/Highest One/Supreme" } } 15 { "verseID": "Isaiah.14.15", "source": "אַ֧ךְ אֶל־שְׁא֛וֹל תּוּרָ֖ד אֶל־יַרְכְּתֵי־בֽוֹר׃", "text": "Yet to-*šǝʾôl* *tûrād* to-*yarḵǝtê*-*ḇôr*.", "grammar": { "*šǝʾôl*": "proper noun - Sheol/underworld", "*tûrād*": "hophal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you will be brought down", "*yarḵǝtê*": "feminine plural construct - remote parts/recesses of", "*ḇôr*": "masculine singular noun - pit/cistern" }, "variants": { "*šǝʾôl*": "Sheol/underworld/grave/realm of the dead", "*tûrād*": "you will be brought down/you will be thrust down/you will be lowered", "*yarḵǝtê*": "remote parts/recesses/furthest parts", "*ḇôr*": "pit/cistern/dungeon" } } 16 { "verseID": "Isaiah.14.16", "source": "רֹאֶ֙יךָ֙ אֵלֶ֣יךָ יַשְׁגִּ֔יחוּ אֵלֶ֖יךָ יִתְבּוֹנָ֑נוּ הֲזֶ֤ה הָאִישׁ֙ מַרְגִּ֣יז הָאָ֔רֶץ מַרְעִ֖ישׁ מַמְלָכֽוֹת׃", "text": "*rōʾêḵā* to-you *yašgîḥû*, to-you *yitbônānû*: Is-this the-*ʾîš* *margîz* the-*ʾāreṣ*, *marʿîš* *mamlāḵôt*?", "grammar": { "*rōʾêḵā*": "qal active participle with 2nd masculine singular suffix - those seeing you", "*yašgîḥû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will gaze/stare", "*yitbônānû*": "hithpolel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will consider/contemplate", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the man", "*margîz*": "hiphil active participle, masculine singular - causing to tremble", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the earth/land", "*marʿîš*": "hiphil active participle, masculine singular - causing to quake", "*mamlāḵôt*": "feminine plural noun - kingdoms" }, "variants": { "*rōʾêḵā*": "those seeing you/those who look at you/your observers", "*yašgîḥû*": "they will gaze/they will stare/they will look intently", "*yitbônānû*": "they will consider/they will contemplate/they will ponder", "*margîz*": "causing to tremble/agitating/disturbing", "*marʿîš*": "causing to quake/shaking/making to tremble" } }
• Isa 58:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Isaiah.58.12", "source": "וּבָנ֤וּ מִמְּךָ֙ חָרְב֣וֹת עוֹלָ֔ם מוֹסְדֵ֥י דוֹר־וָד֖וֹר תְּקוֹמֵ֑ם וְקֹרָ֤א לְךָ֙ גֹּדֵ֣ר פֶּ֔רֶץ מְשֹׁבֵ֥ב נְתִיב֖וֹת לָשָֽׁבֶת׃", "text": "*û*-*bānû* from-you *ḥorbôt* *ʿôlām* *môsədê* generation-*wā*-generation *təqômēm* *wə*-*qōrāʾ* to-you *gōdēr* *pereṣ* *məšōbēb* *nətîbôt* to-*šābet*", "grammar": { "*û*-*bānû*": "conjunction with perfect 3rd person common plural - and they will build", "*mi*-*mmekā*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - from you", "*ḥorbôt*": "noun, plural construct - ruins of", "*ʿôlām*": "noun - ancient times/eternity", "*môsədê*": "noun, plural construct - foundations of", "*dôr*-*wā*-*dôr*": "noun with conjunction with noun - generation and generation", "*təqômēm*": "imperfect 2nd person masculine singular polel - you will raise up", "*wə*-*qōrāʾ*": "conjunction with perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he will call", "*lə*-*kā*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to you", "*gōdēr*": "participle - repairer of", "*pereṣ*": "noun - breach", "*məšōbēb*": "participle polel - restorer of", "*nətîbôt*": "noun plural - paths", "*lā*-*šābet*": "preposition with infinitive construct - for dwelling" }, "variants": { "*bānû*": "they will build/they will rebuild", "*ḥorbôt*": "ruins/waste places/desolations", "*ʿôlām*": "ancient times/eternity/long duration", "*môsədê*": "foundations/base", "*dôr*-*wā*-*dôr*": "generation and generation/many generations", "*təqômēm*": "you will raise up/you will establish", "*qōrāʾ*": "he will call/he will name", "*gōdēr*": "repairer of/one who walls up", "*pereṣ*": "breach/gap/broken wall", "*məšōbēb*": "restorer of/one who brings back", "*nətîbôt*": "paths/ways", "*šābet*": "dwelling/inhabiting/sitting" } }
• Ezek 26:20 : 20 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.26.20", "source": "וְהוֹרַדְתִּיךְ֩ אֶת־י֨וֹרְדֵי ב֜וֹר אֶל־עַ֣ם עוֹלָ֗ם וְ֠הוֹשַׁבְתִּיךְ בְּאֶ֨רֶץ תַּחְתִּיּ֜וֹת כָּחֳרָב֤וֹת מֵֽעוֹלָם֙ אֶת־י֣וֹרְדֵי ב֔וֹר לְמַ֖עַן לֹ֣א תֵשֵׁ֑בִי וְנָתַתִּ֥י צְבִ֖י בְּאֶ֥רֶץ חַיִּֽים׃", "text": "And *wehôradtîk* with *yôredê* *bôr* to *'am* *'ôlām*, and *wehôshabtîk* in *'erets* *tachtiyyôt* like *kochorābôt* from *mē'ôlām* with *yôredê* *bôr*, so that not *tēshēbî*; and *wenātattî* *tsebî* in *'erets* *chayyîm*.", "grammar": { "*wehôradtîk*": "hiphil perfect, 1st person singular with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - I will bring you down", "*yôredê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - those who go down to", "*bôr*": "masculine singular noun - pit", "*'am*": "masculine singular construct - people of", "*'ôlām*": "masculine singular noun - long duration/antiquity", "*wehôshabtîk*": "hiphil perfect, 1st person singular with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - I will make you dwell", "*'erets*": "feminine singular construct - land of", "*tachtiyyôt*": "feminine plural noun - lower parts", "*kochorābôt*": "preposition + feminine plural noun - like ruins", "*mē'ôlām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - from ancient time", "*yôredê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - those who go down to", "*bôr*": "masculine singular noun - pit", "*tēshēbî*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you will be inhabited", "*wenātattî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I will set", "*tsebî*": "masculine singular noun - beauty/glory", "*'erets*": "feminine singular construct - land of", "*chayyîm*": "masculine plural noun - living" }, "variants": { "*yôredê bôr*": "those who go down to the pit/those who descend to the grave", "*'am 'ôlām*": "people of old/ancient people/people of long ago", "*'erets tachtiyyôt*": "land of the depths/netherworld/lowest parts of the earth", "*tsebî*": "beauty/glory/splendor", "*'erets chayyîm*": "land of the living/realm of life" } }
• Ezek 27:18-32 : 18 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.27.18", "source": "דַּמֶּ֧שֶׂק סֹחַרְתֵּ֛ךְ בְּרֹ֥ב מַעֲשַׂ֖יִךְ מֵרֹ֣ב כָּל־ה֑וֹן בְּיֵ֥ין חֶלְבּ֖וֹן וְצֶ֥מֶר צָֽחַר׃", "text": "*Dammeśeq* *sōḥartēk* with-*rōb* *maʿăśayik* from-*rōb* all-*hôn*; with-*yên* *Ḥelbôn* and-*ṣemer* *ṣāḥar*", "grammar": { "*Dammeśeq*": "proper noun - Damascus", "*sōḥartēk*": "feminine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your merchant", "*rōb*": "masculine singular - abundance/multitude", "*maʿăśayik*": "masculine plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your works/products", "*hôn*": "masculine singular - wealth/riches", "*yên*": "construct state, masculine singular - wine of", "*Ḥelbôn*": "proper noun - Helbon", "*ṣemer*": "masculine singular - wool", "*ṣāḥar*": "masculine singular - white/bright" }, "variants": { "*sōḥartēk*": "your merchant/trader/customer", "*maʿăśayik*": "your works/products/handiwork", "*hôn*": "wealth/riches/goods", "*yên Ḥelbôn*": "wine of Helbon/Helbon wine", "*ṣemer ṣāḥar*": "white wool/bright wool" } } 19 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.27.19", "source": "וְדָ֤ן וְיָוָן֙ מְאוּזָּ֔ל בְּעִזְבוֹנַ֖יִךְ נָתָ֑נּוּ בַּרְזֶ֤ל עָשׁוֹת֙ קִדָּ֣ה וְקָנֶ֔ה בְּמַעֲרָבֵ֖ךְ הָיָֽה׃", "text": "And-*Dān* and-*Yāwān* from-*ʾûzzāl* in-*ʿizbônayik* *nātānnû*; *barzel* *ʿāšôt* *qiddāh* and-*qāneh* in-*maʿărābēk* *hāyāh*", "grammar": { "*Dān*": "proper noun - Dan", "*Yāwān*": "proper noun - Javan/Greece", "*ʾûzzāl*": "proper noun - Uzal", "*ʿizbônayik*": "masculine plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your wares", "*nātānnû*": "perfect, 3rd plural - they gave", "*barzel*": "masculine singular - iron", "*ʿāšôt*": "feminine singular/passive participle - wrought/manufactured", "*qiddāh*": "feminine singular - cassia/spice", "*qāneh*": "masculine singular - cane/calamus", "*maʿărābēk*": "masculine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your merchandise", "*hāyāh*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was/became" }, "variants": { "*ʾûzzāl*": "Uzal/Yemen", "*ʿāšôt*": "wrought/manufactured/prepared", "*qiddāh*": "cassia/spice", "*qāneh*": "cane/calamus/aromatic reed" } } 20 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.27.20", "source": "דְּדָן֙ רֹֽכַלְתֵּ֔ךְ בְבִגְדֵי־חֹ֖פֶשׁ לְרִכְבָּֽה׃", "text": "*Dədān* *rōkaltēk* in-*bigdê*-*ḥōpeš* *lərikbāh*", "grammar": { "*Dədān*": "proper noun - Dedan", "*rōkaltēk*": "feminine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your merchant", "*bigdê*": "construct state, masculine plural - clothes of", "*ḥōpeš*": "masculine singular - freedom/leisure/finery", "*lərikbāh*": "preposition + feminine singular - for riding/for chariots" }, "variants": { "*rōkaltēk*": "your merchant/trader", "*bigdê-ḥōpeš*": "clothes of freedom/valuable garments/fancy clothes", "*lərikbāh*": "for riding/for saddles/for chariots" } } 21 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.27.21", "source": "עֲרַב֙ וְכָל־נְשִׂיאֵ֣י קֵדָ֔ר הֵ֖מָּה סֹחֲרֵ֣י יָדֵ֑ךְ בְּכָרִ֤ים וְאֵילִים֙ וְעַתּוּדִ֔ים בָּ֖ם סֹחֲרָֽיִךְ׃", "text": "*ʿĂrab* and-all-*nəśîʾê* *Qēdār* they [were] *sōḥărê* *yādēk*; with-*kārîm* and-*ʾêlîm* and-*ʿattûdîm* with-them *sōḥărāyik*", "grammar": { "*ʿĂrab*": "proper noun - Arabia", "*nəśîʾê*": "construct state, masculine plural - princes/chieftains of", "*Qēdār*": "proper noun - Kedar", "*sōḥărê*": "construct state, masculine plural participle - merchants of", "*yādēk*": "feminine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your hand", "*kārîm*": "masculine plural - lambs", "*ʾêlîm*": "masculine plural - rams", "*ʿattûdîm*": "masculine plural - he-goats", "*sōḥărāyik*": "masculine plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your merchants" }, "variants": { "*nəśîʾê*": "princes/chieftains/leaders of", "*sōḥărê yādēk*": "merchants of your hand/traders under your control", "*ʿattûdîm*": "he-goats/male goats" } } 22 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.27.22", "source": "רֹכְלֵ֤י שְׁבָא֙ וְרַעְמָ֔ה הֵ֖מָּה רֹכְלָ֑יִךְ בְּרֹ֨אשׁ כָּל־בֹּ֜שֶׂם וּבְכָל־אֶ֤בֶן יְקָרָה֙ וְזָהָ֔ב נָתְנ֖וּ עִזְבוֹנָֽיִךְ׃", "text": "*rōkəlê* *Šəbāʾ* and-*Raʿmāh* they [were] *rōkəlāyik*; with-*rōʾš* all-*bōśem* and-with-all-*ʾeben* *yəqārāh* and-*zāhāb* *nātnû* *ʿizbônāyik*", "grammar": { "*rōkəlê*": "construct state, masculine plural participle - merchants of", "*Šəbāʾ*": "proper noun - Sheba", "*Raʿmāh*": "proper noun - Raamah", "*rōkəlāyik*": "masculine plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your merchants", "*rōʾš*": "construct state, masculine singular - chief/finest of", "*bōśem*": "masculine singular - spice/balsam", "*ʾeben*": "construct state, feminine singular - stone of", "*yəqārāh*": "feminine singular - precious", "*zāhāb*": "masculine singular - gold", "*nātnû*": "perfect, 3rd plural - they gave", "*ʿizbônāyik*": "masculine plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your wares" }, "variants": { "*rōʾš kol-bōśem*": "chief of all spices/finest spices", "*ʾeben yəqārāh*": "precious stone/jewel" } } 23 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.27.23", "source": "חָרָ֤ן וְכַנֵּה֙ וָעֶ֔דֶן רֹכְלֵ֖י שְׁבָ֑א אַשּׁ֖וּר כִּלְמַ֥ד רֹכַלְתֵּֽךְ׃", "text": "*Ḥārān* and-*Kannēh* and-*ʿEden* *rōkəlê* *Šəbāʾ*; *ʾAššûr* *Kilmad* *rōkaltēk*", "grammar": { "*Ḥārān*": "proper noun - Haran", "*Kannēh*": "proper noun - Canneh", "*ʿEden*": "proper noun - Eden", "*rōkəlê*": "construct state, masculine plural participle - merchants of", "*Šəbāʾ*": "proper noun - Sheba", "*ʾAššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*Kilmad*": "proper noun - Chilmad", "*rōkaltēk*": "feminine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your merchant" }, "variants": { "*rōkəlê Šəbāʾ*": "merchants of Sheba/Sheba traders" } } 24 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.27.24", "source": "הֵ֤מָּה רֹכְלַ֙יִךְ֙ בְּמַכְלֻלִ֔ים בִּגְלוֹמֵי֙ תְּכֵ֣לֶת וְרִקְמָ֔ה וּבְגִנְזֵ֖י בְּרֹמִ֑ים בַּחֲבָלִ֧ים חֲבֻשִׁ֛ים וַאֲרֻזִ֖ים בְּמַרְכֻלְתֵּֽךְ׃", "text": "They [were] *rōkəlayik* with-*maklulîm*, with-*gəlômê* *təkēlet* and-*riqmāh*, and-with-*ginzê* *bərōmîm*, with-*ḥăbālîm* *ḥăbušîm* and-*ʾăruzîm* in-*markultēk*", "grammar": { "*rōkəlayik*": "masculine plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your merchants", "*maklulîm*": "masculine plural - perfect items/expensive goods", "*gəlômê*": "construct state, masculine plural - cloaks/wrappings of", "*təkēlet*": "feminine singular - blue/purple", "*riqmāh*": "feminine singular - embroidery/multicolored fabric", "*ginzê*": "construct state, masculine plural - treasures of", "*bərōmîm*": "masculine plural - rich/colorful fabrics", "*ḥăbālîm*": "masculine plural - ropes/cords", "*ḥăbušîm*": "masculine plural passive participle - bound/wrapped", "*ʾăruzîm*": "masculine plural passive participle - cedared/packed firmly", "*markultēk*": "feminine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your market/trading place" }, "variants": { "*maklulîm*": "perfect items/expensive goods/finery", "*gəlômê*": "cloaks of/wrappings of/garments of", "*ginzê*": "treasures of/chests of", "*bərōmîm*": "rich clothes/colorful fabrics/variegated cloth", "*ḥăbušîm*": "bound/wrapped/tied", "*ʾăruzîm*": "cedared/firmly packed/sturdy", "*markultēk*": "your market/trading place/merchandise" } } 25 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.27.25", "source": "אֳנִיּ֣וֹת תַּרְשִׁ֔ישׁ שָׁרוֹתַ֖יִךְ מַעֲרָבֵ֑ךְ וַתִּמָּלְאִ֧י וַֽתִּכְבְּדִ֛י מְאֹ֖ד בְּלֵ֥ב־יַמִּֽים׃", "text": "*ʾŏniyyôt* *Taršîš* *šārôtayik* *maʿărābēk*; and-*timmālʾî* and-*tikbədî* *məʾōd* in-*lēb*-*yammîm*", "grammar": { "*ʾŏniyyôt*": "construct state, feminine plural - ships of", "*Taršîš*": "proper noun - Tarshish", "*šārôtayik*": "feminine plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your caravans/trading fleets", "*maʿărābēk*": "masculine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your merchandise", "*timmālʾî*": "niphal consecutive imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - you were filled", "*tikbədî*": "qal consecutive imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - you were honored/became weighty", "*məʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly", "*lēb*": "construct state, masculine singular - heart of", "*yammîm*": "masculine plural - seas" }, "variants": { "*ʾŏniyyôt Taršîš*": "ships of Tarshish/Tarshish ships/ocean-going vessels", "*šārôtayik*": "your caravans/trading fleets/carriers", "*timmālʾî*": "you were filled/became full", "*tikbədî*": "you were honored/became weighty/were glorious", "*lēb-yammîm*": "heart of the seas/midst of the seas/deep waters" } } 26 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.27.26", "source": "בְּמַ֤יִם רַבִּים֙ הֱבִיא֔וּךְ הַשָּׁטִ֖ים אֹתָ֑ךְ ר֚וּחַ הַקָּדִ֔ים שְׁבָרֵ֖ךְ בְּלֵ֥ב יַמִּֽים׃", "text": "In-*mayim* *rabbîm* *hēbîʾûk* the-*šāṭîm* you [object]; *rûaḥ* the-*qādîm* *šəbārēk* in-*lēb* *yammîm*", "grammar": { "*mayim*": "masculine plural - waters", "*rabbîm*": "masculine plural - many/great", "*hēbîʾûk*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix - they brought you", "*šāṭîm*": "definite article + masculine plural participle - the rowers", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular - wind/spirit", "*qādîm*": "definite article + masculine singular - east", "*šəbārēk*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - it broke you", "*lēb*": "masculine singular - heart", "*yammîm*": "masculine plural - seas" }, "variants": { "*mayim rabbîm*": "many waters/great waters/deep waters", "*hēbîʾûk*": "they brought you/carried you", "*rûaḥ ha-qādîm*": "east wind/eastern wind", "*šəbārēk*": "broke you/wrecked you/shattered you", "*lēb yammîm*": "heart of the seas/midst of the seas/deep waters" } } 27 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.27.27", "source": "הוֹנֵךְ֙ וְעִזְבוֹנַ֔יִךְ מַעֲרָבֵ֕ךְ מַלָּחַ֖יִךְ וְחֹבְלָ֑יִךְ מַחֲזִיקֵ֣י בִדְקֵ֣ך וְֽעֹרְבֵ֣י מַ֠עֲרָבֵךְ וְכָל־אַנְשֵׁ֨י מִלְחַמְתֵּ֜ךְ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֗ךְ וּבְכָל־קְהָלֵךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּתוֹכֵ֔ךְ יִפְּלוּ֙ בְּלֵ֣ב יַמִּ֔ים בְּי֖וֹם מַפַּלְתֵּֽךְ׃", "text": "*hônēk* and-*ʿizbônayik*, *maʿărābēk*, *mallāḥayik* and-*ḥōbəlāyik*, *maḥăzîqê* *bidqēk* and-*ʿōrəbê* *maʿărābēk*, and-all-*ʾanšê* *milḥamtēk* who-in-you [feminine], and-in-all-*qəhālēk* which [is] in-*tôkēk*, *yippəlû* in-*lēb* *yammîm* in-*yôm* *mappaltēk*", "grammar": { "*hônēk*": "masculine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your wealth", "*ʿizbônayik*": "masculine plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your wares", "*maʿărābēk*": "masculine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your merchandise", "*mallāḥayik*": "masculine plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your sailors", "*ḥōbəlāyik*": "masculine plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your pilots", "*maḥăzîqê*": "construct state, masculine plural participle - repairers of", "*bidqēk*": "masculine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your breaches", "*ʿōrəbê*": "construct state, masculine plural participle - exchangers of", "*ʾanšê*": "construct state, masculine plural - men of", "*milḥamtēk*": "feminine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your war/battle", "*qəhālēk*": "masculine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your assembly", "*tôkēk*": "masculine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your midst", "*yippəlû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they will fall", "*lēb*": "masculine singular - heart", "*yammîm*": "masculine plural - seas", "*yôm*": "masculine singular - day", "*mappaltēk*": "feminine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your fall/ruin" }, "variants": { "*maḥăzîqê bidqēk*": "repairers of your breaches/caulkers/maintainers", "*ʿōrəbê maʿărābēk*": "exchangers of your merchandise/traders/merchants", "*ʾanšê milḥamtēk*": "men of your war/warriors/soldiers", "*qəhālēk*": "your assembly/company/crowd", "*yippəlû*": "they will fall/collapse/go down", "*mappaltēk*": "your fall/downfall/ruin" } } 28 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.27.28", "source": "לְק֖וֹל זַעֲקַ֣ת חֹבְלָ֑יִךְ יִרְעֲשׁ֖וּ מִגְרֹשֽׁוֹת׃", "text": "At-*qôl* *zaʿăqat* *ḥōbəlāyik* *yirʿăšû* *migrōšôt*", "grammar": { "*qôl*": "masculine singular - sound/voice", "*zaʿăqat*": "construct state, feminine singular - cry of", "*ḥōbəlāyik*": "masculine plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your pilots", "*yirʿăšû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they will shake/tremble", "*migrōšôt*": "feminine plural - open lands/suburbs/pasturelands" }, "variants": { "*qôl zaʿăqat*": "sound of the cry/noise of the wailing", "*yirʿăšû*": "they will shake/tremble/quake", "*migrōšôt*": "open lands/suburbs/coastlands/shore regions" } } 29 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.27.29", "source": "וְֽיָרְד֞וּ מֵאָנִיּֽוֹתֵיהֶ֗ם כֹּ֚ל תֹּפְשֵׂ֣י מָשׁ֔וֹט מַלָּחִ֕ים כֹּ֖ל חֹבְלֵ֣י הַיָּ֑ם אֶל־הָאָ֖רֶץ יַעֲמֹֽדוּ׃", "text": "And-*yārədû* from-*ʾŏniyyôtêhem* all *tōpəśê* *māšôṭ*, *mallāḥîm*, all *ḥōbəlê* the-*yām*; to-the-*ʾāreṣ* *yaʿămōdû*", "grammar": { "*yārədû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they will come down", "*ʾŏniyyôtêhem*": "feminine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their ships", "*tōpəśê*": "construct state, masculine plural participle - handlers of", "*māšôṭ*": "masculine singular - oar", "*mallāḥîm*": "masculine plural - sailors", "*ḥōbəlê*": "construct state, masculine plural participle - pilots of", "*yām*": "masculine singular - sea", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular - land/earth", "*yaʿămōdû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they will stand" }, "variants": { "*yārədû*": "they will come down/disembark/descend", "*tōpəśê māšôṭ*": "handlers of oar/oarsmen", "*ḥōbəlê ha-yām*": "pilots of the sea/mariners/captains" } } 30 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.27.30", "source": "וְהִשְׁמִ֤יעוּ עָלַ֙יִךְ֙ בְּקוֹלָ֔ם וְיִזְעֲק֖וּ מָרָ֑ה וְיַעֲל֤וּ עֽ͏ָפָר֙ עַל־רָ֣אשֵׁיהֶ֔ם בָּאֵ֖פֶר יִתְפַּלָּֽשׁוּ׃", "text": "And-*hišmîʿû* against-you [feminine] with-*qôlām*, and-*yizʿăqû* *mārāh*, and-*yaʿălû* *ʿāpār* upon-*rāʾšêhem*, in-the-*ʾēper* *yitpallāšû*", "grammar": { "*hišmîʿû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd plural - they will cause to hear/sound", "*qôlām*": "masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their voice", "*yizʿăqû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they will cry out", "*mārāh*": "feminine singular - bitterly", "*yaʿălû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd plural - they will bring up", "*ʿāpār*": "masculine singular - dust", "*rāʾšêhem*": "masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their heads", "*ʾēper*": "masculine singular - ashes", "*yitpallāšû*": "hithpael imperfect, 3rd plural - they will roll themselves" }, "variants": { "*hišmîʿû*": "they will cause to hear/raise/lift up", "*mārāh*": "bitterly/with bitterness", "*yitpallāšû*": "they will roll themselves/wallow" } } 31 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.27.31", "source": "וְהִקְרִ֤יחוּ אֵלַ֙יִךְ֙ קָרְחָ֔ה וְחָגְר֖וּ שַׂקִּ֑ים וּבָכ֥וּ אֵלַ֛יִךְ בְּמַר־נֶ֖פֶשׁ מִסְפֵּ֥ד מָֽר׃", "text": "And-*hiqrîḥû* to-you [feminine] *qorḥāh*, and-*ḥāgərû* *śaqqîm*, and-*bākû* to-you [feminine] with-*mar*-*nepeš* *mispēd* *mār*", "grammar": { "*hiqrîḥû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd plural - they will make bald", "*qorḥāh*": "feminine singular - baldness", "*ḥāgərû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they will gird", "*śaqqîm*": "masculine plural - sackcloth", "*bākû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they will weep", "*mar*": "masculine singular - bitterness", "*nepeš*": "feminine singular - soul", "*mispēd*": "masculine singular - mourning/lamentation", "*mār*": "masculine singular - bitter" }, "variants": { "*hiqrîḥû qorḥāh*": "they will make baldness/shave their heads", "*ḥāgərû śaqqîm*": "they will gird sackcloth/wrap themselves in sackcloth", "*mar-nepeš*": "bitterness of soul/bitter soul/inner grief", "*mispēd mār*": "bitter lamentation/bitter mourning" } } 32 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.27.32", "source": "וְנָשְׂא֨וּ אֵלַ֤יִךְ בְּנִיהֶם֙ קִינָ֔ה וְקוֹנְנ֖וּ עָלָ֑יִךְ מִ֣י כְצ֔וֹר כְּדֻמָ֖ה בְּת֥וֹךְ הַיָּֽם׃", "text": "And-*nāśəʾû* to-you [feminine] in-*nîhem* *qînāh*, and-*qônənû* over-you [feminine]; who [is] like-*Ṣôr*, like-*dūmāh* in-*tôk* the-*yām*", "grammar": { "*nāśəʾû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they will lift up", "*nîhem*": "masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their wailing", "*qînāh*": "feminine singular - lamentation/dirge", "*qônənû*": "polel imperfect, 3rd plural - they will chant a dirge", "*Ṣôr*": "proper noun - Tyre", "*dūmāh*": "feminine singular - silence/the silenced one", "*tôk*": "masculine singular - midst", "*yām*": "masculine singular - sea" }, "variants": { "*nāśəʾû*": "they will lift up/raise/take up", "*nîhem*": "their wailing/lament", "*qônənû*": "they will chant a dirge/lament", "*dūmāh*": "silence/one brought to silence/destroyed" } }
• Job 30:23 : 23 { "verseID": "Job.30.23", "source": "כִּֽי־יָ֭דַעְתִּי מָ֣וֶת תְּשִׁיבֵ֑נִי וּבֵ֖ית מוֹעֵ֣ד לְכָל־חָֽי", "text": "For I *yāḏaʿtî* *māweṯ* You *təšîḇēnî*, and *bêṯ* *môʿēḏ* for all *ḥāy*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*yāḏaʿtî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I know", "*māweṯ*": "noun, masculine singular - death", "*təšîḇēnî*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - you will bring me back/return me", "*û-ḇêṯ*": "conjunction with noun, masculine singular construct - and house of", "*môʿēḏ*": "noun, masculine singular - appointed place/meeting", "*lə-ḵāl-ḥāy*": "preposition with noun, masculine singular construct with adjective - for all living" }, "variants": { "*yāḏaʿtî*": "I know/I am aware", "*māweṯ*": "death/dying", "*təšîḇēnî*": "bring me back/return me/restore me", "*bêṯ*": "house/place/abode", "*môʿēḏ*": "appointed place/meeting place/assembly", "*ḥāy*": "living/alive" } }
• Ps 49:6-9 : 6 { "verseID": "Psalms.49.6", "source": "לָ֣מָּה אִ֭ירָא בִּ֣ימֵי רָ֑ע עֲוֺ֖ן עֲקֵבַ֣י יְסוּבֵּֽנִי׃", "text": "*lāmmāh* *ʾîrāʾ* in-*yəmê* *rāʿ* *ʿăwōn* *ʿăqēbay* *yəsubbēnî*", "grammar": { "*lāmmāh*": "interrogative - 'why'", "*ʾîrāʾ*": "verb qal imperfect 1st person singular - 'I should fear'", "*yəmê*": "noun masculine plural construct - 'days of'", "*rāʿ*": "adjective masculine singular - 'evil/adversity'", "*ʿăwōn*": "noun masculine singular - 'iniquity/guilt'", "*ʿăqēbay*": "noun masculine dual with 1st person suffix - 'my heels'", "*yəsubbēnî*": "verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 1st person suffix - 'surrounds me'" }, "variants": { "*rāʿ*": "evil/adversity/calamity", "*ʿăwōn*": "iniquity/guilt/punishment", "*ʿăqēbay*": "my heels/footsteps/tracks" } } 7 { "verseID": "Psalms.49.7", "source": "הַבֹּטְחִ֥ים עַל־חֵילָ֑ם וּבְרֹ֥ב עָ֝שְׁרָ֗ם יִתְהַלָּֽלוּ׃", "text": "The-*bōṭəḥîm* upon-*ḥêlām* *û*-in-*rōb* *ʿošrām* *yithallālû*", "grammar": { "*bōṭəḥîm*": "verb qal participle masculine plural with definite article - 'those who trust'", "*ḥêlām*": "noun masculine singular with 3rd person plural suffix - 'their wealth/strength'", "*û*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*rōb*": "noun masculine singular construct - 'abundance of'", "*ʿošrām*": "noun masculine singular with 3rd person plural suffix - 'their riches'", "*yithallālû*": "verb hithpael imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - 'they boast'" }, "variants": { "*ḥêlām*": "their wealth/strength/power/might", "*rōb*": "abundance/greatness/multitude", "*yithallālû*": "they boast/praise themselves/glory" } } 8 { "verseID": "Psalms.49.8", "source": "אָ֗ח לֹא־פָדֹ֣ה יִפְדֶּ֣ה אִ֑ישׁ לֹא־יִתֵּ֖ן לֵאלֹהִ֣ים כָּפְרֽוֹ׃", "text": "*ʾāḥ* not-*pādōh* *yifdeh* *ʾîš* not-*yittēn* to-*ʾelōhîm* *kofrô*", "grammar": { "*ʾāḥ*": "noun masculine singular - 'brother'", "*pādōh*": "verb qal infinitive absolute - 'redeeming'", "*yifdeh*": "verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'can redeem'", "*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - 'man/person'", "*yittēn*": "verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'can give'", "*ʾelōhîm*": "noun masculine plural with prefixed preposition lamed - 'to God'", "*kofrô*": "noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'his ransom'" }, "variants": { "*pādōh* *yifdeh*": "emphatic construction - 'surely cannot redeem'", "*kofrô*": "his ransom/atonement price/bribe" } } 9 { "verseID": "Psalms.49.9", "source": "וְ֭יֵקַר פִּדְי֥וֹן נַפְשָׁ֗ם וְחָדַ֥ל לְעוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "*wə*-*yēqar* *pidyôn* *nafšām* *wə*-*ḥādal* *lə*-*ʿôlām*", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*yēqar*": "verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'is precious/costly'", "*pidyôn*": "noun masculine singular construct - 'redemption of'", "*nafšām*": "noun feminine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'their soul/life'", "*wə*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*ḥādal*": "verb qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'ceases'", "*lə*": "preposition - 'for'", "*ʿôlām*": "noun masculine singular - 'forever/eternity'" }, "variants": { "*yēqar*": "is precious/costly/rare/valuable", "*pidyôn*": "redemption/ransom price", "*nafšām*": "their soul/life/self", "*ḥādal*": "ceases/leaves off/forbears" } } 10 { "verseID": "Psalms.49.10", "source": "וִֽיחִי־ע֥וֹד לָנֶ֑צַח לֹ֖א יִרְאֶ֣ה הַשָּֽׁחַת׃", "text": "*wî*-*yəḥî*-*ʿôd* *lā*-*neṣaḥ* not *yirʾeh* the-*šāḥat*", "grammar": { "*wî*": "conjunction with modal prefix - 'so that'", "*yəḥî*": "verb qal jussive 3rd person masculine singular - 'he might live'", "*ʿôd*": "adverb - 'still/yet/again'", "*lā*": "preposition lamed - 'to/for'", "*neṣaḥ*": "noun masculine singular - 'perpetuity/eternity'", "*yirʾeh*": "verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'he would see'", "*šāḥat*": "noun feminine singular with definite article - 'the pit/corruption'" }, "variants": { "*neṣaḥ*": "perpetuity/eternity/forever", "*šāḥat*": "pit/corruption/grave/destruction" } }
• Ps 49:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Psalms.49.14", "source": "זֶ֣ה דַ֭רְכָּם כֵּ֣סֶל לָ֑מוֹ וְאַחֲרֵיהֶ֓ם ׀ בְּפִיהֶ֖ם יִרְצ֣וּ סֶֽלָה׃", "text": "This *darkām* *kēsel* to-them *wə*-*ʾaḥărêhem* in-*pîhem* *yirṣû* *selāh*", "grammar": { "*darkām*": "noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'their way'", "*kēsel*": "noun masculine singular - 'folly/confidence'", "*lāmô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'to/for them'", "*wə*": "conjunction - 'and/yet'", "*ʾaḥărêhem*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'after them'", "*pîhem*": "noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix with prefixed preposition bet - 'with their mouth'", "*yirṣû*": "verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - 'they approve/delight in'", "*selāh*": "musical notation or liturgical direction" }, "variants": { "*kēsel*": "folly/confidence/stupidity", "*yirṣû*": "they approve/delight in/find pleasure in", "*selāh*": "musical notation/pause/lift up" } }
• Ps 89:48 : 48 { "verseID": "Psalms.89.48", "source": "זְכָר־אֲנִי מֶה־חָלֶד עַל־מַה־שָּׁוְא בָּרָאתָ כָל־בְּנֵי־אָדָם", "text": "Remember-*ʾănî* what-*ḥāled*; for-what-*šāwᵉʾ* you-*bārāʾtā* all-*bᵉnê*-*ʾādām*", "grammar": { "*zᵉkār*": "verb, qal imperative masculine singular - remember", "*ʾănî*": "pronoun, 1st person singular - I", "*meh-ḥāled*": "interrogative + noun - what (is) lifetime", "*ʿal-mah-ššāwᵉʾ*": "preposition + interrogative + noun - for what vanity", "*bārāʾtā*": "verb, qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you have created", "*kol-bᵉnê*": "noun + noun construct - all sons of", "*ʾādām*": "noun, proper name/mankind - Adam/mankind" }, "variants": { "*zᵉkār*": "remember/call to mind", "*ḥāled*": "lifetime/duration/world", "*šāwᵉʾ*": "vanity/emptiness/futility", "*bārāʾtā*": "you have created/formed", "*bᵉnê-ʾādām*": "sons of man/humans/mankind" } }
• Eccl 8:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.8.8", "source": "אֵ֣ין אָדָ֞ם שַׁלִּ֤יט בָּר֙וּחַ֙ לִכְל֣וֹא אֶת־הָר֔וּחַ וְאֵ֤ין שִׁלְטוֹן֙ בְּי֣וֹם הַמָּ֔וֶת וְאֵ֥ין מִשְׁלַ֖חַת בַּמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וְלֹֽא־יְמַלֵּ֥ט רֶ֖שַׁע אֶת־בְּעָלָֽיו׃", "text": "No *ʾādām* *šallîṭ* in-the-*rûaḥ* to-*kilôʾ* *ʾet*-the-*rûaḥ* and-no *šilṭôn* in-*yôm* the-*māwet* and-no *mišlaḥat* in-the-*milḥāmāh* and-not-*yĕmallēṭ* *rešaʿ* *ʾet*-*bĕʿālāyw*", "grammar": { "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/mankind", "*šallîṭ*": "adjective, masculine singular - having power/ruler", "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular - wind/breath/spirit", "*kilôʾ*": "qal infinitive construct - to restrain", "*šilṭôn*": "noun, masculine singular - power/authority", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - day of", "*māwet*": "noun, masculine singular - death", "*mišlaḥat*": "noun, feminine singular - discharge/release", "*milḥāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - battle/war", "*yĕmallēṭ*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - delivers/rescues", "*rešaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - wickedness", "*bĕʿālāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its masters/owners" }, "variants": { "*ʾādām*": "man/mankind/human", "*šallîṭ*": "ruler/having power over", "*rûaḥ*": "wind/breath/spirit", "*kilôʾ*": "to restrain/to hold back/to retain", "*šilṭôn*": "power/authority/control", "*yôm*": "day/time", "*māwet*": "death", "*mišlaḥat*": "discharge/release/sending away", "*milḥāmāh*": "battle/war/combat", "*yĕmallēṭ*": "delivers/rescues/saves", "*rešaʿ*": "wickedness/evil/iniquity", "*bĕʿālāyw*": "its owners/its masters/those who practice it" } }
• Isa 5:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Isaiah.5.8", "source": "ה֗וֹי מַגִּיעֵ֥י בַ֙יִת֙ בְּבַ֔יִת שָׂדֶ֥ה בְשָׂדֶ֖ה יַקְרִ֑יבוּ עַ֚ד אֶ֣פֶס מָק֔וֹם וְהֽוּשַׁבְתֶּ֥ם לְבַדְּכֶ֖ם בְּקֶ֥רֶב הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*hôy* those who *maggîʿê* *bayit* to *bəbayit*, *śādeh* to *bəśādeh* *yaqrîbû*; until *ʿad* *ʾepes* *māqôm* and *wə*-you are *hûšabttem* *ləbaddəkem* in the *bəqereb* of the *hāʾāreṣ*.", "grammar": { "*hôy*": "interjection - woe", "*maggîʿê*": "hiphil participle masculine plural construct - joining/touching", "*bayit*": "masculine singular noun - house", "*bəbayit*": "preposition with masculine singular noun - to house", "*śādeh*": "masculine singular noun - field", "*bəśādeh*": "preposition with masculine singular noun - to field", "*yaqrîbû*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they bring near/join", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*ʾepes*": "masculine singular construct - end of/no more", "*māqôm*": "masculine singular noun - place/space", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*hûšabttem*": "hophal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - you are made to dwell", "*ləbaddəkem*": "preposition with noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - by yourselves", "*bəqereb*": "preposition with masculine singular construct - in the midst of", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article with feminine singular noun - the land" }, "variants": { "*maggîʿê*": "joining/causing to touch/bringing together", "*ʾepes*": "end/extremity/ceasing", "*māqôm*": "place/space/room", "*bəqereb*": "midst/middle/interior" } }
• 1 Kgs 2:10 : 10 { "verseID": "1 Kings.2.10", "source": "וַיִּשְׁכַּ֥ב דָּוִ֖ד עִם־אֲבֹתָ֑יו וַיִּקָּבֵ֖ר בְּעִ֥יר דָּוִֽד", "text": "And *yiškab* *dāwid* with *ʿim-ʾăbōtāyw* and *yiqqābēr* in *bəʿîr* *dāwid*", "grammar": { "*yiškab*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he lay down/slept", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ʿim-ʾăbōtāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix and prefixed preposition im - with his fathers", "*yiqqābēr*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he was buried", "*bəʿîr*": "feminine singular construct with prefixed preposition bet - in the city of", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David" }, "variants": { "*yiškab*": "lay down/slept/died/rested", "*ʿim-ʾăbōtāyw*": "with his fathers/ancestors/forefathers", "*yiqqābēr*": "was buried/was entombed" } }
• 1 Kgs 11:43 : 43 { "verseID": "1 Kings.11.43", "source": "וַיִּשְׁכַּב שְׁלֹמֹה עִם־אֲבֹתָיו וַיִּקָּבֵר בְּעִיר דָּוִד אָבִיו וַיִּמְלֹךְ רְחַבְעָם בְּנוֹ תַּחְתָּיו", "text": "And *šākab* *Šəlōmōh* with-his *ʾāb* and *qābar* in *ʿîr* *Dāwid* his father and *mālak* *Rəkhab'ām* his *bēn* in his place", "grammar": { "*wa-yiškab*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he lay down/slept", "*Šəlōmōh*": "proper noun - Solomon", "*ʿim*": "preposition - with", "*ʾăbōtāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his fathers", "*wa-yiqqābēr*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular passive - and he was buried", "*bə-ʿîr*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - in city of", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ʾābîw*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father", "*wa-yimlōk*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he reigned", "*Rəkhab'ām*": "proper noun - Rehoboam", "*bənô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his son", "*takhtāyw*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his place" }, "variants": { "*šākab*": "lie down/sleep/die (euphemism)", "*ʾāb*": "father/ancestor/forefather", "*qābar*": "bury/entomb", "*ʿîr*": "city/town", "*mālak*": "reign/rule/be king", "*bēn*": "son/male child/descendant" } }
• Job 12:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Job.12.17", "source": "מוֹלִ֣יךְ יוֹעֲצִ֣ים שׁוֹלָ֑ל וְֽשֹׁפְטִ֥ים יְהוֹלֵֽל׃", "text": "*môlîk* *yôʿăṣîm* *šôlāl* *wə-šōpəṭîm* *yəhôlēl*", "grammar": { "*môlîk*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - leading", "*yôʿăṣîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - counselors", "*šôlāl*": "noun, masculine singular - stripped/barefoot/plundered", "*wə-šōpəṭîm*": "conjunction + qal participle, masculine plural - and judges", "*yəhôlēl*": "poel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he makes fools" }, "variants": { "*môlîk*": "leads/brings/causes to walk", "*yôʿăṣîm*": "counselors/advisors", "*šôlāl*": "stripped/plundered/barefoot/captive", "*šōpəṭîm*": "judges/rulers", "*yəhôlēl*": "makes foolish/makes mad" } }