Isa 10:1-9 : 1 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.10.1",
"source": "הוֹי הַחֹקְקִים חִקְקֵי־אָוֶן וּמְכַתְּבִים עָמָל כִּתֵּבוּ",
"text": "*Hôy* the *ḥōqeqîm* *ḥiqqê*-*ʾāwen* *ûmeḵattebîm* *ʿāmāl* *kittēbû*",
"grammar": {
"*Hôy*": "interjection - woe!/alas!",
"*ḥōqeqîm*": "masculine plural participle - those decreeing/enacting",
"*ḥiqqê*": "construct state - decrees of",
"*ʾāwen*": "noun, masculine singular - iniquity/injustice/wickedness",
"*ûmeḵattebîm*": "waw conjunction + masculine plural participle - and those writing",
"*ʿāmāl*": "noun, masculine singular - trouble/misery/oppression",
"*kittēbû*": "piel perfect, 3rd person plural - they have written/inscribed"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥōqeqîm*": "those who decree/legislators/lawgivers",
"*ʾāwen*": "iniquity/wickedness/trouble/sorrow",
"*ʿāmāl*": "trouble/misery/toil/oppression/hardship"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.10.2",
"source": "לְהַטּוֹת מִדִּין דַּלִּים וְלִגְזֹל מִשְׁפַּט עֲנִיֵּי עַמִּי לִהְיוֹת אַלְמָנוֹת שְׁלָלָם וְאֶת־יְתוֹמִים יָבֹזּוּ",
"text": "*lehaṭṭôt* *middîn* *dallîm* *weligzōl* *mišpaṭ* *ʿăniyyê* *ʿammî* *lihyôt* *ʾalmānôt* *šelālām* *weʾet*-*yetômîm* *yābōzzû*",
"grammar": {
"*lehaṭṭôt*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to turn aside/pervert",
"*middîn*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from judgment",
"*dallîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - poor/needy/weak",
"*weligzōl*": "waw conjunction + preposition + qal infinitive construct - and to rob/take away",
"*mišpaṭ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - judgment/justice of",
"*ʿăniyyê*": "adjective, masculine plural construct - poor/afflicted of",
"*ʿammî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my people",
"*lihyôt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to be/become",
"*ʾalmānôt*": "noun, feminine plural - widows",
"*šelālām*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their plunder/spoil",
"*weʾet*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker",
"*yetômîm*": "noun, masculine plural - orphans/fatherless",
"*yābōzzû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they plunder/spoil"
},
"variants": {
"*middîn*": "from judgment/legal claim/case",
"*dallîm*": "poor/weak/needy/helpless",
"*ʿăniyyê*": "poor/afflicted/humble/oppressed",
"*šelālām*": "their plunder/prey/spoil"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.10.3",
"source": "וּמַה־תַּעֲשׂוּ לְיוֹם פְּקֻדָּה וּלְשׁוֹאָה מִמֶּרְחָק תָּבוֹא עַל־מִי תָּנוּסוּ לְעֶזְרָה וְאָנָה תַעַזְבוּ כְּבוֹדְכֶם",
"text": "*ûmah*-*taʿăśû* *leyôm* *peqûddāh* *ûlešôʾāh* *mimmerḥāq* *tābôʾ* *ʿal*-*mî* *tānûsû* *leʿezrāh* *weʾānāh* *taʿazbû* *kebôdeḵem*",
"grammar": {
"*ûmah*": "waw conjunction + interrogative pronoun - and what",
"*taʿăśû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you will do",
"*leyôm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - for day of",
"*peqûddāh*": "noun, feminine singular - visitation/punishment/reckoning",
"*ûlešôʾāh*": "waw conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine singular - and for devastation/destruction",
"*mimmerḥāq*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from afar/distance",
"*tābôʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it comes/will come",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/to",
"*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - whom",
"*tānûsû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you will flee",
"*leʿezrāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - for help",
"*weʾānāh*": "waw conjunction + interrogative adverb - and where",
"*taʿazbû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you will leave/abandon",
"*kebôdeḵem*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your glory/wealth"
},
"variants": {
"*peqûddāh*": "visitation/punishment/reckoning/accounting",
"*šôʾāh*": "devastation/ruin/destruction/tempest",
"*kebôdeḵem*": "your glory/wealth/riches/honor"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.10.4",
"source": "בִּלְתִּי כָרַע תַּחַת אַסִּיר וְתַחַת הֲרוּגִים יִפֹּלוּ בְּכָל־זֹאת לֹא־שָׁב אַפּוֹ וְעוֹד יָדוֹ נְטוּיָה",
"text": "*biltî* *ḵāraʿ* *taḥat* *ʾassîr* *wetaḥat* *hărûgîm* *yippōlû* *beḵāl*-*zōʾt* *lōʾ*-*šāb* *ʾappô* *weʿôd* *yādô* *neṭûyāh*",
"grammar": {
"*biltî*": "preposition/conjunction - except/without/unless",
"*ḵāraʿ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he bows down/crouches",
"*taḥat*": "preposition - under/beneath",
"*ʾassîr*": "noun, masculine singular - prisoner/captive",
"*wetaḥat*": "waw conjunction + preposition - and under",
"*hărûgîm*": "noun, masculine plural - slain/killed ones",
"*yippōlû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will fall",
"*beḵāl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in all of",
"*zōʾt*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*šāb*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has turned back/returned",
"*ʾappô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his anger",
"*weʿôd*": "waw conjunction + adverb - and still/yet",
"*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hand",
"*neṭûyāh*": "qal passive participle, feminine singular - stretched out/extended"
},
"variants": {
"*biltî*": "except/unless/without",
"*ʾassîr*": "prisoner/captive/bound one",
"*hărûgîm*": "slain/killed/pierced ones",
"*ʾappô*": "his anger/nose/face"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.10.5",
"source": "הוֹי אַשּׁוּר שֵׁבֶט אַפִּי וּמַטֶּה־הוּא בְיָדָם זַעְמִי",
"text": "*hôy* *ʾaššûr* *šēbeṭ* *ʾappî* *ûmaṭṭeh*-*hûʾ* *beyādām* *zaʿmî*",
"grammar": {
"*hôy*": "interjection - woe!/alas!",
"*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria/Assyrian",
"*šēbeṭ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - rod/staff of",
"*ʾappî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my anger",
"*ûmaṭṭeh*": "waw conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and staff/rod",
"*hûʾ*": "personal pronoun, 3rd person masculine singular - he/it",
"*beyādām*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in their hand",
"*zaʿmî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my indignation/wrath"
},
"variants": {
"*šēbeṭ*": "rod/staff/tribe/scepter",
"*ʾappî*": "my anger/nose/face",
"*maṭṭeh*": "staff/rod/branch/tribe",
"*zaʿmî*": "my indignation/wrath/fury"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.10.6",
"source": "בְּגוֹי חָנֵף אֲשַׁלְּחֶנּוּ וְעַל־עַם עֶבְרָתִי אֲצַוֶּנּוּ לִשְׁלֹל שָׁלָל וְלָבֹז בַּז וּלְשׂוּמוֹ מִרְמָס כְּחֹמֶר חוּצוֹת",
"text": "*begôy* *ḥānēp̄* *ʾăšalleḥennû* *weʿal*-*ʿam* *ʿebrātî* *ʾăṣawwennû* *lišlōl* *šālāl* *welābōz* *baz* *ûleśûmô* *mirmās* *keḥōmer* *ḥûṣôt*",
"grammar": {
"*begôy*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - against nation",
"*ḥānēp̄*": "adjective, masculine singular - godless/profane/impious",
"*ʾăšalleḥennû*": "piel imperfect, 1st person singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - I will send him",
"*weʿal*": "waw conjunction + preposition - and against",
"*ʿam*": "noun, masculine singular - people",
"*ʿebrātî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my wrath",
"*ʾăṣawwennû*": "piel imperfect, 1st person singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - I will command him",
"*lišlōl*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to plunder",
"*šālāl*": "noun, masculine singular - plunder/spoil",
"*welābōz*": "waw conjunction + preposition + qal infinitive construct - and to seize",
"*baz*": "noun, masculine singular - spoil/booty",
"*ûleśûmô*": "waw conjunction + preposition + qal infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and to make it",
"*mirmās*": "noun, masculine singular - trampling place/trodden thing",
"*keḥōmer*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - like clay/mire",
"*ḥûṣôt*": "noun, feminine plural - streets/outside places"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥānēp̄*": "godless/profane/impious/hypocritical",
"*ʿebrātî*": "my wrath/fury/rage/anger",
"*šālāl*": "plunder/spoil/prey/booty",
"*baz*": "spoil/booty/prey",
"*mirmās*": "trampling place/thing trodden down",
"*ḥōmer*": "clay/mire/mud",
"*ḥûṣôt*": "streets/outside places/marketplaces"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.10.7",
"source": "וְהוּא לֹא־כֵן יְדַמֶּה וּלְבָבוֹ לֹא־כֵן יַחְשֹׁב כִּי לְהַשְׁמִיד בִּלְבָבוֹ וּלְהַכְרִית גּוֹיִם לֹא מְעָט",
"text": "*wehûʾ* *lōʾ*-*ḵēn* *yedammeh* *ûlebābô* *lōʾ*-*ḵēn* *yaḥšōb* *kî* *lehašmîd* *bilbābô* *ûlehaḵrît* *gôyim* *lōʾ* *meʿāṭ*",
"grammar": {
"*wehûʾ*": "waw conjunction + personal pronoun, 3rd person masculine singular - but he",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*ḵēn*": "adverb - so/thus",
"*yedammeh*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he thinks/intends",
"*ûlebābô*": "waw conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his heart",
"*yaḥšōb*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he thinks/plans",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*lehašmîd*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to destroy",
"*bilbābô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his heart",
"*ûlehaḵrît*": "waw conjunction + preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - and to cut off",
"*gôyim*": "noun, masculine plural - nations",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*meʿāṭ*": "adjective, masculine singular - few/little"
},
"variants": {
"*yedammeh*": "he thinks/intends/imagines/plans",
"*lebāb*": "heart/inner man/mind/will",
"*yaḥšōb*": "he thinks/plans/devises/intends",
"*lehašmîd*": "to destroy/exterminate/annihilate",
"*lehaḵrît*": "to cut off/destroy/eliminate"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.10.8",
"source": "כִּי יֹאמַר הֲלֹא שָׂרַי יַחְדָּו מְלָכִים",
"text": "*kî* *yōʾmar* *hălōʾ* *śāray* *yaḥdāw* *melāḵîm*",
"grammar": {
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*yōʾmar*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he says/will say",
"*hălōʾ*": "interrogative particle + negative particle - are not?",
"*śāray*": "noun, masculine plural + 1st person singular suffix - my princes/officials",
"*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together/altogether",
"*melāḵîm*": "noun, masculine plural - kings"
},
"variants": {
"*śāray*": "my princes/officials/commanders/chiefs",
"*yaḥdāw*": "together/altogether/all of them"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.10.9",
"source": "הֲלֹא כְּכַרְכְּמִישׁ כַּלְנוֹ אִם־לֹא כְאַרְפַּד חֲמָת אִם־לֹא כְדַמֶּשֶׂק שֹׁמְרוֹן",
"text": "*hălōʾ* *keḵarkeměôš* *kalnô* *ʾim*-*lōʾ* *keʾarpad* *ḥămāt* *ʾim*-*lōʾ* *ḵedammeśeq* *šōmerôn*",
"grammar": {
"*hălōʾ*": "interrogative particle + negative particle - is not?",
"*keḵarkeměôš*": "preposition + proper noun - like Carchemish",
"*kalnô*": "proper noun - Calno",
"*ʾim*": "conjunction - if",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*keʾarpad*": "preposition + proper noun - like Arpad",
"*ḥămāt*": "proper noun - Hamath",
"*ḵedammeśeq*": "preposition + proper noun - like Damascus",
"*šōmerôn*": "proper noun - Samaria"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾim*-*lōʾ*": "if not/indeed/surely"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.10.10",
"source": "כַּאֲשֶׁר מָצְאָה יָדִי לְמַמְלְכֹת הָאֱלִיל וּפְסִילֵיהֶם מִירוּשָׁלַ͏ִם וּמִשֹּׁמְרוֹן",
"text": "*kaʾăšer* *māṣeʾāh* *yādî* *lemamlekōt* *hāʾĕlîl* *ûp̄esîlêhem* *mîrûšālaim* *ûmiššōmerôn*",
"grammar": {
"*kaʾăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - just as",
"*māṣeʾāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it found/reached",
"*yādî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my hand",
"*lemamlekōt*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural construct - to kingdoms of",
"*hāʾĕlîl*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the idol/worthless deity",
"*ûp̄esîlêhem*": "waw conjunction + noun, masculine plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and their carved images",
"*mîrûšālaim*": "preposition + proper noun - from Jerusalem",
"*ûmiššōmerôn*": "waw conjunction + preposition + proper noun - and from Samaria"
},
"variants": {
"*māṣeʾāh* *yādî*": "my hand found/reached/attained/seized",
"*ʾĕlîl*": "idol/worthless deity/nothingness",
"*pesîlîm*": "carved images/idols/graven images"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.10.11",
"source": "הֲלֹא כַּאֲשֶׁר עָשִׂיתִי לְשֹׁמְרוֹן וְלֶאֱלִילֶיהָ כֵּן אֶעֱשֶׂה לִירוּשָׁלַ͏ִם וְלַעֲצַבֶּיהָ",
"text": "*hălōʾ* *kaʾăšer* *ʿāśîtî* *lešōmerôn* *weleʾĕlîleyhā* *kēn* *ʾeʿĕśeh* *lîrûšālaim* *welaʿăṣabbeyhā*",
"grammar": {
"*hălōʾ*": "interrogative particle + negative particle - shall not?",
"*kaʾăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - just as",
"*ʿāśîtî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have done",
"*lešōmerôn*": "preposition + proper noun - to Samaria",
"*weleʾĕlîleyhā*": "waw conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine plural + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - and to her idols",
"*kēn*": "adverb - thus/so",
"*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will do",
"*lîrûšālaim*": "preposition + proper noun - to Jerusalem",
"*welaʿăṣabbeyhā*": "waw conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine plural + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - and to her idols/images"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾĕlîlîm*": "idols/worthless deities/nothings",
"*ʿăṣabbîm*": "idols/images/figures"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.10.12",
"source": "וְהָיָה כִּי־יְבַצַּע אֲדֹנָי אֶת־כָּל־מַעֲשֵׂהוּ בְּהַר צִיּוֹן וּבִירוּשָׁלָ͏ִם אֶפְקֹד עַל־פְּרִי־גֹדֶל לְבַב מֶלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר וְעַל־תִּפְאֶרֶת רוּם עֵינָיו",
"text": "*wehāyāh* *kî*-*yebaṣṣaʿ* *ʾădōnāy* *ʾet*-*kāl*-*maʿăśēhû* *behar* *ṣiyyôn* *ûbîrûšālāim* *ʾep̄qōd* *ʿal*-*perî*-*gōdel* *lebab* *meleḵ*-*ʾaššûr* *weʿal*-*tip̄ʾeret* *rûm* *ʿênāyw*",
"grammar": {
"*wehāyāh*": "waw conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and it will be",
"*kî*": "conjunction - when/that",
"*yebaṣṣaʿ*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he completes/finishes",
"*ʾădōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person plural suffix used as divine title - the Lord",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*kāl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of",
"*maʿăśēhû*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his work",
"*behar*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in mountain of",
"*ṣiyyôn*": "proper noun - Zion",
"*ûbîrûšālāim*": "waw conjunction + preposition + proper noun - and in Jerusalem",
"*ʾep̄qōd*": "qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will punish/visit",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/against",
"*perî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - fruit of",
"*gōdel*": "noun, masculine singular construct - greatness of",
"*lebab*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of",
"*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of",
"*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria",
"*weʿal*": "waw conjunction + preposition - and upon",
"*tip̄ʾeret*": "noun, feminine singular construct - glory/splendor of",
"*rûm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - height/haughtiness of",
"*ʿênāyw*": "noun, feminine dual + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his eyes"
},
"variants": {
"*baṣṣaʿ*": "complete/finish/accomplish/cut off",
"*pāqad*": "visit/punish/attend to/muster",
"*perî*": "fruit/result/outcome/product",
"*gōdel*": "greatness/pride/arrogance",
"*tip̄ʾeret*": "glory/splendor/beauty/pride",
"*rûm*": "height/haughtiness/loftiness/exaltation"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.10.13",
"source": "כִּי אָמַר בְּכֹחַ יָדִי עָשִׂיתִי וּבְחָכְמָתִי כִּי נְבֻנוֹתִי וְאָסִיר גְּבוּלֹת עַמִּים וַעֲתוּדוֹתֵיהֶם שׁוֹשֵׂתִי וְאוֹרִיד כַּאבִּיר יוֹשְׁבִים",
"text": "*kî* *ʾāmar* *beḵōaḥ* *yādî* *ʿāśîtî* *ûbeḥāḵmātî* *kî* *nebûnôtî* *weʾāsîr* *gebûlōt* *ʿammîm* *waʿătûdôtêhem* *šôśētî* *weʾôrîd* *kaʾabbîr* *yôšebîm*",
"grammar": {
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he said",
"*beḵōaḥ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - by strength of",
"*yādî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my hand",
"*ʿāśîtî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have done",
"*ûbeḥāḵmātî*": "waw conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - and by my wisdom",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*nebûnôtî*": "niphal perfect, 1st person singular - I am discerning/understanding",
"*weʾāsîr*": "waw conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 1st person singular - and I removed",
"*gebûlōt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - borders of",
"*ʿammîm*": "noun, masculine plural - peoples",
"*waʿătûdôtêhem*": "waw conjunction + noun, masculine plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and their reserves/treasures",
"*šôśētî*": "polel perfect, 1st person singular - I plundered",
"*weʾôrîd*": "waw conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 1st person singular - and I brought down",
"*kaʾabbîr*": "preposition + adjective, masculine singular - like a mighty one",
"*yôšebîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - inhabitants/those dwelling"
},
"variants": {
"*kōaḥ*": "strength/power/might",
"*ḥāḵmāh*": "wisdom/skill/cleverness",
"*nebûnôtî*": "I am discerning/understanding/intelligent",
"*gebûlōt*": "borders/boundaries/territories",
"*ʿătûdôt*": "reserves/treasures/stores/prepared things",
"*šāsāh*": "plunder/spoil/rob",
"*ʾabbîr*": "mighty one/strong one/bull"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.10.14",
"source": "וַתִּמְצָא כַקֵּן יָדִי לְחֵיל הָעַמִּים וְכֶאֱסֹף בֵּיצִים עֲזֻבוֹת כָּל־הָאָרֶץ אֲנִי אָסָפְתִּי וְלֹא הָיָה נֹדֵד כָּנָף וּפֹצֶה פֶה וּמְצַפְצֵף",
"text": "*wattimṣāʾ* *ḵaqqēn* *yādî* *leḥêl* *hāʿammîm* *weḵeʾĕsōp̄* *bêṣîm* *ʿăzubôt* *kāl*-*hāʾāreṣ* *ʾănî* *ʾāsāp̄tî* *welōʾ* *hāyāh* *nōdēd* *kānāp̄* *ûp̄ōṣeh* *p̄eh* *ûmeṣap̄ṣēp̄*",
"grammar": {
"*wattimṣāʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - and it found/reached",
"*ḵaqqēn*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - like the nest",
"*yādî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my hand",
"*leḥêl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - to wealth of",
"*hāʿammîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the peoples",
"*weḵeʾĕsōp̄*": "waw conjunction + preposition + qal infinitive construct - and like gathering",
"*bêṣîm*": "noun, feminine plural - eggs",
"*ʿăzubôt*": "qal passive participle, feminine plural - abandoned/forsaken",
"*kāl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of",
"*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the earth/land",
"*ʾănî*": "personal pronoun, 1st person singular - I",
"*ʾāsāp̄tî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I gathered",
"*welōʾ*": "waw conjunction + negative particle - and not",
"*hāyāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - there was",
"*nōdēd*": "qal participle, masculine singular - fluttering/moving",
"*kānāp̄*": "noun, feminine singular - wing",
"*ûp̄ōṣeh*": "waw conjunction + qal participle, masculine singular - and opening",
"*p̄eh*": "noun, masculine singular - mouth",
"*ûmeṣap̄ṣēp̄*": "waw conjunction + pilpel participle, masculine singular - and chirping/peeping"
},
"variants": {
"*qēn*": "nest/dwelling place",
"*ḥêl*": "wealth/strength/army/resources",
"*ʿăzubôt*": "abandoned/forsaken/left",
"*nōdēd*": "fluttering/moving/wandering",
"*pōṣeh* *p̄eh*": "opening mouth/protesting",
"*meṣap̄ṣēp̄*": "chirping/peeping/twittering"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.10.15",
"source": "הֲיִתְפָּאֵר הַגַּרְזֶן עַל הַחֹצֵב בּוֹ אִם־יִתְגַּדֵּל הַמַּשּׂוֹר עַל־מְנִיפוֹ כְּהָנִיף שֵׁבֶט וְאֶת־מְרִימָיו כְּהָרִים מַטֶּה לֹא־עֵץ",
"text": "*hăyitp̄āʾēr* *haggarzen* *ʿal* *haḥōṣēb* *bô* *ʾim*-*yitgaddēl* *hammaśśôr* *ʿal*-*menîp̄ô* *kehānîp̄* *šēbeṭ* *weʾet*-*merîmāyw* *kehārîm* *maṭṭeh* *lōʾ*-*ʿēṣ*",
"grammar": {
"*hăyitp̄āʾēr*": "interrogative particle + hitpael imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - shall it boast",
"*haggarzen*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the axe",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - against",
"*haḥōṣēb*": "definite article + qal participle, masculine singular - the one who hews",
"*bô*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - with it",
"*ʾim*": "conjunction - whether/if",
"*yitgaddēl*": "hitpael imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - magnifies itself",
"*hammaśśôr*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the saw",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - against",
"*menîp̄ô*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - the one who wields it",
"*kehānîp̄*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - like wielding",
"*šēbeṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - rod/staff",
"*weʾet*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker",
"*merîmāyw*": "hiphil participle, masculine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - those raising it",
"*kehārîm*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - like raising",
"*maṭṭeh*": "noun, masculine singular - staff",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*ʿēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - wood"
},
"variants": {
"*pāʾar*": "boast/glorify/beautify",
"*garzen*": "axe/hatchet",
"*ḥāṣab*": "hew/cut/dig",
"*gādal*": "become great/magnify oneself",
"*maśśôr*": "saw/cutting tool",
"*nûp̄*": "wield/wave/brandish",
"*rûm*": "raise/lift up/exalt",
"*maṭṭeh* *lōʾ*-*ʿēṣ*": "staff not-wood/something not wooden"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.10.16",
"source": "לָכֵן יְשַׁלַּח הָאָדוֹן יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת בְּמִשְׁמַנָּיו רָזוֹן וְתַחַת כְּבֹדוֹ יֵקַד יְקֹד כִּיקוֹד אֵשׁ",
"text": "*lāḵēn* *yešallaḥ* *hāʾādôn* *Yhwh* *ṣebāʾôt* *bemišmannāyw* *rāzôn* *wetaḥat* *kebōdô* *yēqad* *yeqōd* *kîqôd* *ʾēš*",
"grammar": {
"*lāḵēn*": "adverb - therefore",
"*yešallaḥ*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will send",
"*hāʾādôn*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the Lord",
"*Yhwh*": "divine name - YHWH/LORD",
"*ṣebāʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural - of hosts/armies",
"*bemišmannāyw*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - among his fat ones",
"*rāzôn*": "noun, masculine singular - leanness/wasting",
"*wetaḥat*": "waw conjunction + preposition - and under",
"*kebōdô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his glory",
"*yēqad*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will burn",
"*yeqōd*": "noun, masculine singular - burning",
"*kîqôd*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - like the burning of",
"*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular - fire"
},
"variants": {
"*mišmannîm*": "fat ones/robust ones/strong ones",
"*rāzôn*": "leanness/wasting disease/emaciation",
"*kebōd*": "glory/honor/abundance/weight",
"*yāqad*": "burn/kindle/be kindled",
"*yeqōd*": "burning/kindling"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.10.17",
"source": "וְהָיָה אוֹר־יִשְׂרָאֵל לְאֵשׁ וּקְדוֹשׁוֹ לְלֶהָבָה וּבָעֲרָה וְאָכְלָה שִׁיתוֹ וּשְׁמִירוֹ בְּיוֹם אֶחָד",
"text": "*wehāyāh* *ʾôr*-*yiśrāʾēl* *leʾēš* *ûqedôšô* *lelehābāh* *ûbāʿărāh* *weʾāḵelāh* *šîtô* *ûšemîrô* *beyôm* *ʾeḥād*",
"grammar": {
"*wehāyāh*": "waw conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and will be",
"*ʾôr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - light of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*leʾēš*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - for a fire",
"*ûqedôšô*": "waw conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his Holy One",
"*lelehābāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - for a flame",
"*ûbāʿărāh*": "waw conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - and it will burn",
"*weʾāḵelāh*": "waw conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - and it will devour",
"*šîtô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his thorns",
"*ûšemîrô*": "waw conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his briers",
"*beyôm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - in day",
"*ʾeḥād*": "numeral, masculine singular - one"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾôr*": "light/luminary/flame",
"*qādôš*": "holy one/sacred one",
"*lehābāh*": "flame/blaze",
"*bāʿar*": "burn/consume/kindle",
"*ʾāḵal*": "eat/devour/consume",
"*šît*": "thorns/thistles/briars",
"*šāmîr*": "briers/thorns/brambles"
}
}
18 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.10.18",
"source": "וּכְבוֹד יַעְרוֹ וְכַרְמִלּוֹ מִנֶּפֶשׁ וְעַד־בָּשָׂר יְכַלֶּה וְהָיָה כִּמְסֹס נֹסֵס",
"text": "*ûḵebôd* *yaʿrô* *weḵarmillô* *minnep̄eš* *weʿad*-*bāśār* *yeḵalleh* *wehāyāh* *kimsōs* *nōsēs*",
"grammar": {
"*ûḵebôd*": "waw conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and glory of",
"*yaʿrô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his forest",
"*weḵarmillô*": "waw conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his fruitful field",
"*minnep̄eš*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - from soul",
"*weʿad*": "waw conjunction + preposition - and to",
"*bāśār*": "noun, masculine singular - flesh",
"*yeḵalleh*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will consume/destroy",
"*wehāyāh*": "waw conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and will be",
"*kimsōs*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - like melting of",
"*nōsēs*": "qal participle, masculine singular - a sick person/one wasting away"
},
"variants": {
"*yaʿar*": "forest/thicket/wooded area",
"*karmel*": "fruitful field/orchard/garden land",
"*nep̄eš*": "soul/life/person/being",
"*bāśār*": "flesh/body/person",
"*kālāh*": "finish/complete/destroy/consume",
"*māsas*": "melting/wasting away/dissolving",
"*nōsēs*": "one who is sick/standard-bearer/one wasting away"
}
}
19 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.10.19",
"source": "וּשְׁאָר עֵץ יַעְרוֹ מִסְפָּר יִהְיוּ וְנַעַר יִכְתְּבֵם",
"text": "*ûšeʾār* *ʿēṣ* *yaʿrô* *mispār* *yihyû* *wenaʿar* *yiḵtebēm*",
"grammar": {
"*ûšeʾār*": "waw conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and remainder of",
"*ʿēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - trees of",
"*yaʿrô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his forest",
"*mispār*": "noun, masculine singular - number/few",
"*yihyû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will be",
"*wenaʿar*": "waw conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and a child/youth",
"*yiḵtebēm*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - will write them"
},
"variants": {
"*šeʾār*": "remainder/remnant/residue",
"*mispār*": "number/few/count",
"*naʿar*": "child/youth/servant/boy",
"*kātab*": "write/record/inscribe"
}
}
20 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.10.20",
"source": "וְהָיָה בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא לֹא־יוֹסִיף עוֹד שְׁאָר יִשְׂרָאֵל וּפְלֵיטַת בֵּית־יַעֲקֹב לְהִשָּׁעֵן עַל־מַכֵּהוּ וְנִשְׁעַן עַל־יְהוָה קְדוֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל בֶּאֱמֶת",
"text": "*wehāyāh* *bayyôm* *hahûʾ* *lōʾ*-*yôsîp̄* *ʿôd* *šeʾār* *yiśrāʾēl* *ûp̄elêṭat* *bêt*-*yaʿăqōb* *lehiššāʿēn* *ʿal*-*makkēhû* *wenišʿan* *ʿal*-*Yhwh* *qedôš* *yiśrāʾēl* *beʾĕmet*",
"grammar": {
"*wehāyāh*": "waw conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and it will be",
"*bayyôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the day",
"*hahûʾ*": "definite article + pronoun, masculine singular - that",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yôsîp̄*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will continue/add",
"*ʿôd*": "adverb - again/anymore",
"*šeʾār*": "noun, masculine singular construct - remnant of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ûp̄elêṭat*": "waw conjunction + noun, feminine singular construct - and escaped ones of",
"*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of",
"*yaʿăqōb*": "proper noun - Jacob",
"*lehiššāʿēn*": "preposition + niphal infinitive construct - to lean/rely",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon",
"*makkēhû*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - the one striking him",
"*wenišʿan*": "waw conjunction + niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and will rely",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon",
"*Yhwh*": "divine name - YHWH/LORD",
"*qedôš*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - Holy One of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*beʾĕmet*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - in truth"
},
"variants": {
"*yāsap̄*": "add/continue/do again",
"*šeʾār*": "remnant/residue/remainder",
"*pelêṭāh*": "escape/deliverance/escaped ones",
"*šāʿan*": "lean/support/rely",
"*makkeh*": "smiter/one who strikes",
"*ʾĕmet*": "truth/faithfulness/firmness"
}
}
21 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.10.21",
"source": "שְׁאָר יָשׁוּב שְׁאָר יַעֲקֹב אֶל־אֵל גִּבּוֹר",
"text": "*šeʾār* *yāšûb* *šeʾār* *yaʿăqōb* *ʾel*-*ʾēl* *gibbôr*",
"grammar": {
"*šeʾār*": "noun, masculine singular - remnant",
"*yāšûb*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will return",
"*šeʾār*": "noun, masculine singular construct - remnant of",
"*yaʿăqōb*": "proper noun - Jacob",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to",
"*ʾēl*": "noun, masculine singular - God",
"*gibbôr*": "adjective, masculine singular - mighty"
},
"variants": {
"*šeʾār* *yāšûb*": "a remnant will return/Shear-jashub (proper name)",
"*ʾēl*": "God/deity/mighty one",
"*gibbôr*": "mighty/strong/valiant/warrior"
}
}
22 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.10.22",
"source": "כִּי אִם־יִהְיֶה עַמְּךָ יִשְׂרָאֵל כְּחוֹל הַיָּם שְׁאָר יָשׁוּב בּוֹ כִּלָּיוֹן חָרוּץ שׁוֹטֵף צְדָקָה",
"text": "*kî* *ʾim*-*yihyeh* *ʿammeḵā* *yiśrāʾēl* *keḥôl* *hayyām* *šeʾār* *yāšûb* *bô* *killāyôn* *ḥārûṣ* *šôṭēp̄* *ṣedāqāh*",
"grammar": {
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/though",
"*ʾim*": "conjunction - if/though",
"*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will be",
"*ʿammeḵā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your people",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*keḥôl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - like sand of",
"*hayyām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the sea",
"*šeʾār*": "noun, masculine singular - remnant",
"*yāšûb*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will return",
"*bô*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in it/among them",
"*killāyôn*": "noun, masculine singular - destruction/annihilation",
"*ḥārûṣ*": "adjective, masculine singular - determined/decreed",
"*šôṭēp̄*": "qal participle, masculine singular - overflowing",
"*ṣedāqāh*": "noun, feminine singular - righteousness"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥôl*": "sand/grains of sand",
"*šeʾār* *yāšûb*": "a remnant will return/Shear-jashub (proper name)",
"*killāyôn*": "destruction/consumption/annihilation",
"*ḥārûṣ*": "determined/decreed/sharp/decisive",
"*šāṭap̄*": "overflowing/flooding/sweeping away",
"*ṣedāqāh*": "righteousness/justice/righteous acts"
}
}
23 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.10.23",
"source": "כִּי כָלָה וְנֶחֱרָצָה אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה צְבָאוֹת עֹשֶׂה בְּקֶרֶב כָּל־הָאָרֶץ",
"text": "*kî* *ḵālāh* *weneḥĕrāṣāh* *ʾădōnāy* *Yhwh* *ṣebāʾôt* *ʿōśeh* *beqereb* *kāl*-*hāʾāreṣ*",
"grammar": {
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*ḵālāh*": "noun, feminine singular - complete destruction",
"*weneḥĕrāṣāh*": "waw conjunction + niphal participle, feminine singular - and decreed",
"*ʾădōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person plural suffix used as divine title - the Lord",
"*Yhwh*": "divine name - YHWH/LORD",
"*ṣebāʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural - of hosts/armies",
"*ʿōśeh*": "qal participle, masculine singular - making/doing",
"*beqereb*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in midst of",
"*kāl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of",
"*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the earth/land"
},
"variants": {
"*ḵālāh*": "complete destruction/completion/annihilation",
"*neḥĕrāṣāh*": "decreed/determined/decided",
"*qereb*": "midst/inner part/interior"
}
}
24 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.10.24",
"source": "לָכֵן כֹּה־אָמַר אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה צְבָאוֹת אַל־תִּירָא עַמִּי יֹשֵׁב צִיּוֹן מֵאַשּׁוּר בַּשֵּׁבֶט יַכֶּכָּה וּמַטֵּהוּ יִשָּׂא־עָלֶיךָ בְּדֶרֶךְ מִצְרָיִם",
"text": "*lāḵēn* *kōh*-*ʾāmar* *ʾădōnāy* *Yhwh* *ṣebāʾôt* *ʾal*-*tîrāʾ* *ʿammî* *yōšēb* *ṣiyyôn* *mēʾaššûr* *baššēbeṭ* *yakkekāh* *ûmaṭṭēhû* *yiśśāʾ*-*ʿāleykā* *bedereḵ* *miṣrāyim*",
"grammar": {
"*lāḵēn*": "adverb - therefore",
"*kōh*": "adverb - thus",
"*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - says/has said",
"*ʾădōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person plural suffix used as divine title - the Lord",
"*Yhwh*": "divine name - YHWH/LORD",
"*ṣebāʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural - of hosts/armies",
"*ʾal*": "negative particle - do not",
"*tîrāʾ*": "qal imperfect jussive, 2nd person masculine singular - fear",
"*ʿammî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my people",
"*yōšēb*": "qal participle, masculine singular construct - who dwell in",
"*ṣiyyôn*": "proper noun - Zion",
"*mēʾaššûr*": "preposition + proper noun - from Assyria",
"*baššēbeṭ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - with the rod",
"*yakkekāh*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - he will strike you",
"*ûmaṭṭēhû*": "waw conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his staff",
"*yiśśāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will lift/raise",
"*ʿāleykā*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - against you",
"*bedereḵ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in way of",
"*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt"
},
"variants": {
"*yārēʾ*": "fear/be afraid/reverence",
"*yōšēb*": "inhabitant/dweller/resident",
"*šēbeṭ*": "rod/staff/club/scepter",
"*nāḵāh*": "strike/smite/hit",
"*maṭṭeh*": "staff/rod/branch/tribe",
"*nāśāʾ*": "lift/carry/raise/bear",
"*dereḵ*": "way/road/path/manner"
}
}
25 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.10.25",
"source": "כִּי־עוֹד מְעַט מִזְעָר וְכָלָה זַעַם וְאַפִּי עַל־תַּבְלִיתָם",
"text": "*kî*-*ʿôd* *meʿaṭ* *mizʿār* *weḵālāh* *zaʿam* *weʾappî* *ʿal*-*tablîtām*",
"grammar": {
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*ʿôd*": "adverb - yet/still",
"*meʿaṭ*": "adjective, masculine singular - little",
"*mizʿār*": "adjective, masculine singular - very little",
"*weḵālāh*": "waw conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and will be completed",
"*zaʿam*": "noun, masculine singular - indignation/wrath",
"*weʾappî*": "waw conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - and my anger",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/toward",
"*tablîtām*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their destruction"
},
"variants": {
"*meʿaṭ* *mizʿār*": "very little/a very short time",
"*kālāh*": "be complete/finished/accomplished",
"*zaʿam*": "indignation/wrath/anger",
"*ʾap*": "anger/nose/face",
"*tablît*": "destruction/annihilation/consumption"
}
}
26 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.10.26",
"source": "וְעוֹרֵר עָלָיו יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת שׁוֹט כְּמַכַּת מִדְיָן בְּצוּר עוֹרֵב וּמַטֵּהוּ עַל־הַיָּם וּנְשָׂאוֹ בְּדֶרֶךְ מִצְרָיִם",
"text": "*weʿôrēr* *ʿālāyw* *Yhwh* *ṣebāʾôt* *šôṭ* *kemakkat* *midyān* *beṣûr* *ʿôrēb* *ûmaṭṭēhû* *ʿal*-*hayyām* *ûneśāʾô* *bedereḵ* *miṣrāyim*",
"grammar": {
"*weʿôrēr*": "waw conjunction + polel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and will stir up",
"*ʿālāyw*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - against him",
"*Yhwh*": "divine name - YHWH/LORD",
"*ṣebāʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural - of hosts/armies",
"*šôṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - whip/scourge",
"*kemakkat*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - like the striking of",
"*midyān*": "proper noun - Midian",
"*beṣûr*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - at rock of",
"*ʿôrēb*": "proper noun - Oreb",
"*ûmaṭṭēhû*": "waw conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his staff",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - over",
"*hayyām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the sea",
"*ûneśāʾô*": "waw conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and he will lift it",
"*bedereḵ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in the way of",
"*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿûr*": "stir up/awaken/rouse",
"*šôṭ*": "whip/scourge/lash",
"*makkāh*": "blow/striking/wound/defeat",
"*ṣûr*": "rock/cliff/boulder",
"*nāśāʾ*": "lift/carry/raise/bear",
"*dereḵ*": "way/road/path/manner"
}
}
27 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.10.27",
"source": "וְהָיָה בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא יָסוּר סֻבֳּלוֹ מֵעַל שִׁכְמֶךָ וְעֻלּוֹ מֵעַל צַוָּארֶךָ וְחֻבַּל עֹל מִפְּנֵי־שָׁמֶן",
"text": "*wehāyāh* *bayyôm* *hahûʾ* *yāsûr* *subŏlô* *mēʿal* *šiḵmeḵā* *weʿullô* *mēʿal* *ṣawwāreḵā* *weḥubbal* *ʿōl* *mippenê*-*šāmen*",
"grammar": {
"*wehāyāh*": "waw conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and it will happen",
"*bayyôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the day",
"*hahûʾ*": "definite article + pronoun, masculine singular - that",
"*yāsûr*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will depart/turn aside",
"*subŏlô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his burden",
"*mēʿal*": "preposition + preposition - from upon",
"*šiḵmeḵā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your shoulder",
"*weʿullô*": "waw conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his yoke",
"*ṣawwāreḵā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your neck",
"*weḥubbal*": "waw conjunction + pual perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and will be destroyed",
"*ʿōl*": "noun, masculine singular - yoke",
"*mippenê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - from before/because of",
"*šāmen*": "noun, masculine singular - fatness/oil"
},
"variants": {
"*sûr*": "turn aside/depart/remove",
"*sōbel*": "burden/load",
"*ʿōl*": "yoke/burden",
"*ḥābal*": "destroy/spoil/corrupt/ruin",
"*šemen*": "oil/fat/fatness/richness"
}
}
28 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.10.28",
"source": "בָּא עַל־עַיַּת עָבַר בְּמִגְרוֹן לְמִכְמָשׂ יַפְקִיד כֵּלָיו",
"text": "*bāʾ* *ʿal*-*ʿayyat* *ʿābar* *bemigĕrôn* *lemiḵmāś* *yap̄qîd* *kēlāyw*",
"grammar": {
"*bāʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has come",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - against",
"*ʿayyat*": "proper noun - Aiath",
"*ʿābar*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has passed",
"*bemigĕrôn*": "preposition + proper noun - through Migron",
"*lemiḵmāś*": "preposition + proper noun - at Michmash",
"*yap̄qîd*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he stores/deposits",
"*kēlāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his equipment/vessels"
},
"variants": {
"*bôʾ*": "come/enter/arrive",
"*ʿābar*": "pass/cross over/go through",
"*pāqad*": "store/deposit/entrust/attend to",
"*kēlîm*": "equipment/weapons/vessels/articles"
}
}
29 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.10.29",
"source": "עָבְרוּ מַעְבָּרָה גֶּבַע מָלוֹן לָנוּ חָרְדָה הָרָמָה גִּבְעַת שָׁאוּל נָסָה",
"text": "*ʿāberû* *maʿbārāh* *gebaʿ* *mālôn* *lānû* *ḥāredāh* *hārāmāh* *gibʿat* *šāʾûl* *nāsāh*",
"grammar": {
"*ʿāberû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they have crossed over",
"*maʿbārāh*": "noun, feminine singular - the pass/ford",
"*gebaʿ*": "proper noun - Geba",
"*mālôn*": "noun, masculine singular - lodging place",
"*lānû*": "preposition + 1st person common plural suffix - for us",
"*ḥāredāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - trembles",
"*hārāmāh*": "definite article + proper noun - Ramah",
"*gibʿat*": "proper noun, construct state - Gibeah of",
"*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*nāsāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - has fled"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿābar*": "cross over/pass through/go beyond",
"*maʿbārāh*": "pass/ford/crossing place",
"*mālôn*": "lodging place/inn/stopping place",
"*ḥārad*": "tremble/be afraid/be terrified",
"*nûs*": "flee/escape/take flight"
}
}
30 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.10.30",
"source": "צַהֲלִי קוֹלֵךְ בַּת־גַּלִּים הַקְשִׁיבִי לַיְשָׁה עֲנִיָּה עֲנָתוֹת",
"text": "*ṣahălî* *qôlēḵ* *bat*-*gallîm* *haqšîbî* *layšāh* *ʿăniyyāh* *ʿănātôt*",
"grammar": {
"*ṣahălî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - cry shrilly",
"*qôlēḵ*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your voice",
"*bat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of",
"*gallîm*": "proper noun - Gallim",
"*haqšîbî*": "hiphil imperative, feminine singular - listen/pay attention",
"*layšāh*": "proper noun - Laishah",
"*ʿăniyyāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - poor/afflicted",
"*ʿănātôt*": "proper noun - Anathoth"
},
"variants": {
"*ṣāhal*": "cry shrilly/neigh/shout",
"*qāšab*": "listen/pay attention/be attentive",
"*ʿānî*": "poor/afflicted/wretched/humble"
}
}
31 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.10.31",
"source": "נָדְדָה מַדְמֵנָה יֹשְׁבֵי הַגֵּבִים הֵעִיזוּ",
"text": "*nāded̄āh* *madmēnāh* *yōšebê* *haggēbîm* *hēʿîzû*",
"grammar": {
"*nāded̄āh*": "qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - has fled",
"*madmēnāh*": "proper noun - Madmenah",
"*yōšebê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - inhabitants of",
"*haggēbîm*": "definite article + proper noun - Gebim",
"*hēʿîzû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person common plural - take refuge/gather for flight"
},
"variants": {
"*nādad*": "flee/wander/be restless",
"*yōšēb*": "inhabitant/dweller/resident",
"*ʿûz*": "take refuge/flee for safety/gather for flight"
}
}
32 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.10.32",
"source": "עוֹד הַיּוֹם בְּנֹב לַעֲמֹד יְנֹפֵף יָדוֹ הַר בַּת־צִיּוֹן גִּבְעַת יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם",
"text": "*ʿôd* *hayyôm* *benōb* *laʿămōd* *yenōp̄ēp̄* *yādô* *har* *bat*-*ṣiyyôn* *gibʿat* *yerûšālāim*",
"grammar": {
"*ʿôd*": "adverb - yet/still",
"*hayyôm*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the day",
"*benōb*": "preposition + proper noun - in Nob",
"*laʿămōd*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to stand",
"*yenōp̄ēp̄*": "polel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he shakes/waves",
"*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hand",
"*har*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mountain of",
"*bat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of",
"*ṣiyyôn*": "proper noun - Zion",
"*gibʿat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hill of",
"*yerûšālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿāmad*": "stand/remain/endure",
"*nûp̄*": "wave/shake/brandish",
"*har*": "mountain/hill/hill country",
"*gibʿāh*": "hill/height/elevation"
}
}
33 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.10.33",
"source": "הִנֵּה הָאָדוֹן יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת מְסָעֵף פֻּארָה בְּמַעֲרָצָה וְרָמֵי הַקּוֹמָה גְּדוּעִים וְהַגְּבֹהִים יִשְׁפָּלוּ",
"text": "*hinnēh* *hāʾādôn* *Yhwh* *ṣebāʾôt* *mesāʿēp̄* *puʾrāh* *bemaʿărāṣāh* *werāmê* *haqqômāh* *gedûʿîm* *wehaggebōhîm* *yišpālû*",
"grammar": {
"*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/look",
"*hāʾādôn*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the Lord",
"*Yhwh*": "divine name - YHWH/LORD",
"*ṣebāʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural - of hosts/armies",
"*mesāʿēp̄*": "piel participle, masculine singular - lopping off",
"*puʾrāh*": "noun, feminine singular - branch/bough",
"*bemaʿărāṣāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - with terrifying power",
"*werāmê*": "waw conjunction + adjective, masculine plural construct - and the tall ones of",
"*haqqômāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the stature",
"*gedûʿîm*": "qal passive participle, masculine plural - cut down/hewn down",
"*wehaggebōhîm*": "waw conjunction + definite article + adjective, masculine plural - and the lofty ones",
"*yišpālû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - will be humbled/brought low"
},
"variants": {
"*sāʿap̄*": "lop off/cut away/prune",
"*puʾrāh*": "branch/bough/foliage",
"*maʿărāṣāh*": "terror/terrifying power/fearful force",
"*qômāh*": "height/stature/tallness",
"*gādaʿ*": "cut down/hew down/chop off",
"*gābōah*": "high/lofty/tall/proud",
"*šāp̄al*": "be low/be humbled/be brought down"
}
}
34 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.10.34",
"source": "וְנִקַּף סִבְכֵי הַיַּעַר בַּבַּרְזֶל וְהַלְּבָנוֹן בְּאַדִּיר יִפּוֹל",
"text": "*weniqqap̄* *sibeḵê* *hayyaʿar* *babbarzel* *wehallebānôn* *beʾaddîr* *yippôl*",
"grammar": {
"*weniqqap̄*": "waw conjunction + niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and will be cut down",
"*sibeḵê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - thickets of",
"*hayyaʿar*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the forest",
"*babbarzel*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - with the iron",
"*wehallebānôn*": "waw conjunction + definite article + proper noun - and the Lebanon",
"*beʾaddîr*": "preposition + adjective, masculine singular - by a mighty one",
"*yippôl*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will fall"
},
"variants": {
"*nāqap̄*": "cut down/strike down/go around",
"*sōbeḵ*": "thicket/entanglement/interwoven branches",
"*yaʿar*": "forest/thicket/wooded area",
"*barzel*": "iron/iron tool",
"*ʾaddîr*": "mighty one/majestic one/powerful one",
"*nāp̄al*": "fall/collapse/be cast down"
}
}