Luke 2:37

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Luke.2.37", "source": "Καὶ αὐτὴ χήρα ὡς ἐτῶν ὀγδοηκοντα τεσσάρων, ἣ οὐκ ἀφίστατο ἀπὸ τοῦ ἱεροῦ, νηστείαις καὶ δεήσεσιν λατρεύουσα νύκτα καὶ ἡμέραν.", "text": "And she a *chēra* of about *etōn* *ogdoēkonta* *tessarōn*, who not *aphistato* from the *hierou*, with *nēsteiais* and *deēsesin* *latreuousa* *nykta* and *hēmeran*.", "grammar": { "*chēra*": "nominative, feminine, singular - widow", "*etōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - of years", "*ogdoēkonta*": "cardinal numeral - eighty", "*tessarōn*": "cardinal numeral, genitive - four", "*aphistato*": "imperfect indicative middle, 3rd singular - was departing/leaving", "*hierou*": "genitive, neuter, singular - from temple", "*nēsteiais*": "dative, feminine, plural - with fastings", "*deēsesin*": "dative, feminine, plural - with prayers/supplications", "*latreuousa*": "present participle active, nominative, feminine, singular - serving/worshiping", "*nykta*": "accusative, feminine, singular - night", "*hēmeran*": "accusative, feminine, singular - day" }, "variants": { "*chēra*": "widow/bereaved woman", "*etōn*": "years/periods of time", "*aphistato*": "departed/left/stayed away", "*hierou*": "temple/sanctuary", "*nēsteiais*": "fastings/abstinence from food", "*deēsesin*": "prayers/supplications/petitions", "*latreuousa*": "serving/worshiping/rendering religious service", "*nykta*": "night/nighttime", "*hēmeran*": "day/daytime" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

Καὶ αὐτὴ χήρα ὡς ἐτῶν ὀγδοηκοντα τεσσάρων, ἣ οὐκ ἀφίστατο ἀπὸ τοῦ ἱεροῦ, νηστείαις καὶ δεήσεσιν λατρεύουσα νύκτα καὶ ἡμέραν.

Transliteration

And she a chēra of about etōn ogdoēkonta tessarōn, who not aphistato from the hierou, with nēsteiais and deēsesin latreuousa nykta and hēmeran.

Grammar Details

• *chēra*: nominative, feminine, singular - widow
• *etōn*: genitive, neuter, plural - of years
• *ogdoēkonta*: cardinal numeral - eighty
• *tessarōn*: cardinal numeral, genitive - four
• *aphistato*: imperfect indicative middle, 3rd singular - was departing/leaving
• *hierou*: genitive, neuter, singular - from temple
• *nēsteiais*: dative, feminine, plural - with fastings
• *deēsesin*: dative, feminine, plural - with prayers/supplications
• *latreuousa*: present participle active, nominative, feminine, singular - serving/worshiping
• *nykta*: accusative, feminine, singular - night
• *hēmeran*: accusative, feminine, singular - day

Word Meanings

• *chēra*: widow/bereaved woman
• *etōn*: years/periods of time
• *aphistato*: departed/left/stayed away
• *hierou*: temple/sanctuary
• *nēsteiais*: fastings/abstinence from food
• *deēsesin*: prayers/supplications/petitions
• *latreuousa*: serving/worshiping/rendering religious service
• *nykta*: night/nighttime
• *hēmeran*: day/daytime

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  and then as a widow until she was eighty-four. She never left the temple but worshiped night and day with fasting and prayer.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And she was a widow of about fourscore and four years, which departed not from the temple, but served God with fastings and prayers night and day.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And she was a widow of about eighty-four years, who did not depart from the temple, but served God with fastings and prayers night and day.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And she was a widow of about fourscore and four years, which departed not from the temple, but served God with fastings and prayers night and day.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  and she had been a widow even unto fourscore and four years), who departed not from the temple, worshipping with fastings and supplications night and day.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And she was a widow of about fourscore and four years, which departed not from the temple, but served God with fastings and prayers night and day.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  And she had bene a wedowe aboute.iiii. scoore and.iiii. yere which went never oute of the temple but served God with fastinge and prayer nyght and daye.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  & had now bene a wedowe aboute foure score & foure yeares, which came neuer fro the teple, seruynge God wt fastynge and prayenge, daye and night:

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And she was widowe about foure score and foure yeeres, and went not out of the Temple, but serued God with fastings & prayers, night and day.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And she had ben a wydowe about fourescore and foure yeres, whiche departed not from the temple, but serued God with fastynges and prayers nyght and day.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And she [was] a widow of about fourscore and four years, which departed not from the temple, but served [God] with fastings and prayers night and day.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  and she had been a widow for about eighty-four years), who didn't depart from the temple, worshipping with fastings and petitions night and day.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  and she `is' a widow of about eighty-four years, who did depart not from the temple, with fasts and supplications serving, night and day,

• American Standard Version (1901)

  and she had been a widow even unto fourscore and four years), who departed not from the temple, worshipping with fastings and supplications night and day.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  and she had been a widow even unto fourscore and four years), who departed not from the temple, worshipping with fastings and supplications night and day.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  She had been a widow for eighty-four years); she was in the Temple at all times, worshipping with prayers and going without food, night and day.

• World English Bible (2000)

  and she had been a widow for about eighty-four years), who didn't depart from the temple, worshipping with fastings and petitions night and day.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  She had lived as a widow since then for eighty-four years. She never left the temple, worshiping with fasting and prayer night and day.

Referenced Verses

• 1 Tim 5:5 : 5 { "verseID": "1 Timothy.5.5", "source": "Ἡ δὲ ὄντως χήρα, καὶ μεμονωμένη, ἤλπικεν ἐπὶ τόν Θεὸν, καὶ προσμένει ταῖς δεήσεσιν καὶ ταῖς προσευχαῖς νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας.", "text": "*Hē* *de* *ontōs* *chēra*, *kai* *memonōmenē*, *ēlpiken* *epi* *ton* *Theon*, *kai* *prosmenei* *tais* *deēsesin* *kai* *tais* *proseuchais* *nuktos* *kai* *hēmeras*.", "grammar": { "*Hē*": "nominative, feminine, singular article - the", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and", "*ontōs*": "adverb - truly/really/indeed", "*chēra*": "nominative, feminine, singular - widow", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*memonōmenē*": "perfect passive participle, nominative, feminine, singular - having been left alone", "*ēlpiken*": "perfect active indicative, 3rd person singular - has hoped/set hope", "*epi*": "preposition with accusative - upon/on", "*ton*": "accusative, masculine, singular article - the", "*Theon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - God", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*prosmenei*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - continues in/persists in", "*tais*": "dative, feminine, plural article - the", "*deēsesin*": "dative, feminine, plural - supplications/entreaties", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*tais*": "dative, feminine, plural article - the", "*proseuchais*": "dative, feminine, plural - prayers", "*nuktos*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of night", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*hēmeras*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of day" }, "variants": { "*memonōmenē*": "left alone/isolated/desolate", "*ēlpiken*": "has set hope/has trusted/has hoped", "*prosmenei*": "continues in/persists in/remains devoted to", "*deēsesin*": "supplications/entreaties/petitions", "*proseuchais*": "prayers/petitions" } }
• Acts 14:23 : 23 { "verseID": "Acts.14.23", "source": "Χειροτονήσαντες δὲ αὐτοῖς πρεσβυτέρους κατʼ ἐκκλησίαν, προσευξάμενοι μετὰ νηστειῶν, παρέθεντο αὐτοὺς τῷ Κυρίῳ, εἰς ὃν πεπιστεύκεισαν.", "text": "Having *cheirotonēsantes* *de* for them *presbyterous* according to *ekklēsian*, having *proseuxamenoi* with *nēsteiōn*, they *parethento* them to the *Kyriō*, into whom they had *pepisteukēsan*.", "grammar": { "*cheirotonēsantes*": "aorist active participle, nominative masculine plural - having appointed", "*de*": "postpositive particle - and/but", "*presbyterous*": "accusative masculine plural - elders", "*kat'*": "preposition with accusative - according to/in", "*ekklēsian*": "accusative feminine singular - church/assembly", "*proseuxamenoi*": "aorist middle participle, nominative masculine plural - having prayed", "*nēsteiōn*": "genitive feminine plural - fastings", "*parethento*": "aorist middle indicative, 3rd person plural - committed/entrusted", "*Kyriō*": "dative masculine singular - Lord", "*pepisteukēsan*": "pluperfect active indicative, 3rd person plural - had believed" }, "variants": { "*cheirotonēsantes*": "having appointed/having elected (by stretching out the hand)", "*presbyterous kat' ekklēsian*": "elders in each church/elders for every church", "*proseuxamenoi meta nēsteiōn*": "having prayed with fastings", "*parethento autous tō Kyriō*": "committed them to the Lord/entrusted them to the Lord" } }
• Acts 26:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Acts.26.7", "source": "Εἰς ἣν τὸ δωδεκάφυλον ἡμῶν, ἐν ἐκτενείᾳ νύκτα καὶ ἡμέραν λατρεῦον, ἐλπίζει καταντῆσαι. Περὶ ἧς ἐλπίδος ἐγκαλοῦμαι, βασιλεῦ Ἀγρίππα, ὑπὸ τῶν Ἰουδαίων.", "text": "To which the *dōdekaphylon* of us, in *ekteneia* night and day *latreuon*, *elpizei* to *katantēsai*. Concerning which *elpidos* I am *enkaloumai*, *basileu* *Agrippa*, *hypo* the *Ioudaiōn*.", "grammar": { "*dōdekaphylon*": "nominative, neuter, singular - twelve tribes", "*ekteneia*": "dative, feminine, singular - earnestness/intensity", "*latreuon*": "present active participle, nominative, neuter, singular - serving/worshiping", "*elpizei*": "present active, 3rd singular - hopes", "*katantēsai*": "aorist active infinitive - to attain/arrive at", "*elpidos*": "genitive, feminine, singular - hope", "*enkaloumai*": "present passive, 1st singular - I am accused", "*basileu*": "vocative, masculine, singular - king", "*Agrippa*": "vocative, masculine, singular - proper name", "*hypo*": "preposition + genitive - by", "*Ioudaiōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - Jews" }, "variants": { "*dōdekaphylon*": "twelve tribes/twelve-tribed [nation]", "*ekteneia*": "earnestness/intensity/diligence", "*latreuon*": "serving/worshiping/rendering religious service", "*elpizei*": "hopes/expects", "*katantēsai*": "to attain/arrive at/reach", "*enkaloumai*": "I am accused/charged/brought to trial", "*hypo*": "by/under/at the hands of" } }
• Acts 13:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Acts.13.3", "source": "Τότε νηστεύσαντες καὶ προσευξάμενοι, καὶ ἐπιθέντες τὰς χεῖρας αὐτοῖς, ἀπέλυσαν.", "text": "Then *nēsteusantes* and *proseuxamenoi*, and *epithentes* the *cheiras* to them, *apelysan*.", "grammar": { "*nēsteusantes*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having fasted", "*proseuxamenoi*": "aorist middle participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having prayed", "*epithentes*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having laid on/placed upon", "*cheiras*": "accusative, feminine, plural - hands", "*autois*": "dative, masculine, plural - to them", "*apelysan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - they sent away/released" }, "variants": { "*nēsteusantes*": "having fasted/abstained from food", "*proseuxamenoi*": "having prayed/petitioned", "*epithentes*": "having laid on/placed upon/imposed", "*cheiras*": "hands", "*apelysan*": "sent away/released/dismissed/let go" } }
• Rev 3:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Revelation.3.12", "source": "Ὁ νικῶν ποιήσω αὐτὸν στῦλον ἐν τῷ ναῷ τοῦ Θεοῦ μου, καὶ ἔξω οὐ μὴ ἐξέλθῃ ἔτι: καὶ γράψω ἐπʼ αὐτὸν τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Θεοῦ μου, καὶ τὸ ὄνομα τῆς πόλεως τοῦ Θεοῦ μου, Τῆς καινῆς Ἰερουσαλήμ, ἡ καταβαίνουσα ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ μου: καὶ τὸ ὄνομά μου τὸ καινόν.", "text": "The *nikōn poiēsō* him *stylon* in the *naō* of-the *Theou* of-me, and outside not not *exelthē eti*: and *grapsō* upon him the *onoma* of-the *Theou* of-me, and the *onoma* of-the *poleōs* of-the *Theou* of-me, the *kainēs Ierousalēm*, the *katabainousa* from the *ouranou* from the *Theou* of-me: and the *onoma* of-me the *kainon*.", "grammar": { "*nikōn*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - overcoming/conquering", "*poiēsō*": "future active, 1st singular - I will make", "*stylon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - pillar", "*naō*": "dative, masculine, singular - temple/sanctuary", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God", "*exelthē*": "aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular - might go out", "*eti*": "adverb - still/anymore", "*grapsō*": "future active, 1st singular - I will write", "*onoma*": "accusative, neuter, singular - name", "*poleōs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of city", "*kainēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of new", "*Ierousalēm*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of Jerusalem", "*katabainousa*": "present active participle, nominative, feminine, singular - coming down", "*ouranou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of heaven", "*kainon*": "accusative, neuter, singular - new", "οὐ μὴ": "double negative - emphasizing certainty of negative" }, "variants": { "*nikōn*": "overcoming/conquering/being victorious", "*poiēsō*": "will make/create/cause to be", "*stylon*": "pillar/column/support", "*naō*": "temple/sanctuary/shrine", "*exelthē*": "might go out/depart/leave", "*grapsō*": "will write/inscribe", "*poleōs*": "city/town", "*kainēs*": "new/fresh/unused", "*katabainousa*": "coming down/descending", "*ouranou*": "heaven/sky" } }
• Rev 7:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Revelation.7.15", "source": "Διὰ τοῦτό εἰσιν ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ λατρεύουσιν αὐτῷ ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτὸς ἐν τῷ ναῷ αὐτοῦ: καὶ ὁ καθήμενος ἐπὶ τοῦ θρόνου σκηνώσει ἐπʼ αὐτούς.", "text": "Because of this *eisin* *enōpion* of the *thronou* of the *Theou*, and *latreuousin* to him *hēmeras* and *nyktos* in the *naō* of him: and the one *kathēmenos* upon the *thronou* will *skēnōsei* over them.", "grammar": { "*eisin*": "present active indicative, 3rd plural - they are", "*enōpion*": "preposition + genitive - before/in presence of", "*thronou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - throne", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God", "*latreuousin*": "present active indicative, 3rd plural - they serve", "*hēmeras*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of day", "*nyktos*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of night", "*naō*": "dative, masculine, singular - temple/sanctuary", "*kathēmenos*": "present middle participle, nominative, masculine, singular - sitting one", "*thronou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - throne", "*skēnōsei*": "future active indicative, 3rd singular - will dwell/tabernacle" }, "variants": { "*enōpion*": "before/in presence of/in the sight of", "*latreuousin*": "serve/worship/minister to", "*naō*": "temple/sanctuary/shrine", "*kathēmenos*": "sitting/seated/enthroned one", "*skēnōsei*": "will dwell/spread his tent/tabernacle" } }
• Exod 38:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Exodus.38.8", "source": "וַיַּ֗עַשׂ אֵ֚ת הַכִּיּ֣וֹר נְחֹ֔שֶׁת וְאֵ֖ת כַּנּ֣וֹ נְחֹ֑שֶׁת בְּמַרְאֹת֙ הַצֹּ֣בְאֹ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֣ר צָֽבְא֔וּ פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ ס", "text": "And *wayyaʿas* [he made] *ʾēt* *hakkîyôr* [the laver] *nəḥōšet* [bronze], and *wəʾēt* *kannô* [its base] *nəḥōšet* [bronze], *bəmarʾōt* [with mirrors of] *haṣṣōbəʾōt* [the serving women] *ʾăšer* [who] *ṣābəʾû* [assembled] *petaḥ* [at entrance of] *ʾōhel* [tent of] *môʿēd* [meeting].", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿas*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he made", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*hakkîyôr*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the laver/basin", "*nəḥōšet*": "feminine singular noun - bronze, copper", "*wəʾēt*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker - and", "*kannô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - its base/stand", "*bəmarʾōt*": "preposition + feminine plural construct - with mirrors of", "*haṣṣōbəʾōt*": "definite article + Qal participle feminine plural - the serving women", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who, which", "*ṣābəʾû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they assembled/served", "*petaḥ*": "construct state, masculine singular - entrance of", "*ʾōhel*": "construct state, masculine singular - tent of", "*môʿēd*": "masculine singular noun - meeting, appointed time" }, "variants": { "*hakkîyôr*": "laver, basin, washing vessel", "*kannô*": "stand, base, pedestal", "*bəmarʾōt*": "with mirrors, looking glasses", "*haṣṣōbəʾōt*": "serving women, women who assembled, women who ministered", "*ṣābəʾû*": "they assembled, they served, they ministered", "*ʾōhel môʿēd*": "tent of meeting, tabernacle of congregation" } }
• 1 Sam 2:2 : 2 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.2.2", "source": "אֵין־קָד֥וֹשׁ כַּיהוָ֖ה כִּ֣י אֵ֣ין בִּלְתֶּ֑ךָ וְאֵ֥ין צ֖וּר כֵּאלֹהֵֽינוּ׃", "text": "*ʾên*-*qādôš* like *YHWH*, because *ʾên* besides *biltekā*, and *ʾên* *ṣûr* like *ʾĕlōhênû*.", "grammar": { "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*qādôš*": "adjective masculine singular - holy one", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*biltekā*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - besides you", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*ṣûr*": "noun masculine singular - rock", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun masculine plural construct with 1st person plural suffix - our God" }, "variants": { "*qādôš*": "holy one/set apart one", "*biltekā*": "besides you/apart from you/except you", "*ṣûr*": "rock/fortress/strength" } }
• Ps 22:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Psalms.22.2", "source": "אֵלִ֣י אֵ֭לִי לָמָ֣ה עֲזַבְתָּ֑נִי רָח֥וֹק מִֽ֝ישׁוּעָתִ֗י דִּבְרֵ֥י שַׁאֲגָתִֽי׃", "text": "*ʾēlî ʾēlî* *lāmâ* *ʿăzabtānî* far from-*yəšûʿātî* *dibrê šaʾăgātî*", "grammar": { "*ʾēlî*": "noun, masculine, singular with 1st person singular possessive suffix - 'my God'", "*lāmâ*": "interrogative adverb - 'why/for what reason'", "*ʿăzabtānî*": "verb, qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular with 1st person singular object suffix - 'you have forsaken me'", "*yəšûʿātî*": "noun, feminine, singular with 1st person singular possessive suffix - 'my salvation/deliverance'", "*dibrê šaʾăgātî*": "construct phrase, 'words of my roaring/groaning'" }, "variants": { "*ʾēlî*": "my God/my El", "*ʿăzabtānî*": "you have forsaken/abandoned/left me", "*yəšûʿātî*": "my salvation/deliverance/help", "*dibrê šaʾăgātî*": "words of my roaring/groaning/crying out" } }
• Ps 23:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Psalms.23.6", "source": "אַ֤ךְ ׀ ט֤וֹב וָחֶ֣סֶד יִ֭רְדְּפוּנִי כָּל־יְמֵ֣י חַיָּ֑י וְשַׁבְתִּ֥י בְּבֵית־יְ֝הוָ֗ה לְאֹ֣רֶךְ יָמִֽים׃", "text": "*'Ak ṭôb wāḥesed yirdepûnî kol-yemê ḥayyāy wešabtî bebêt-YHWH le'ōrek yāmîm*.", "grammar": { "*'ak*": "adverb - surely/only/indeed", "*ṭôb*": "noun, masculine, singular - goodness", "*wāḥesed*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular - and lovingkindness/mercy", "*yirdepûnî*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - they will pursue/follow me", "*kol-yemê*": "noun, masculine, singular + noun, masculine, plural construct - all days of", "*ḥayyāy*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my life", "*wešabtî*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 1st person singular - and I will dwell/return", "*bebêt*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular construct - in house of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*le'ōrek*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular construct - for length of", "*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - days" }, "variants": { "*'ak*": "surely/only/indeed", "*ṭôb wāḥesed*": "goodness and mercy/goodness and lovingkindness/favor and covenant faithfulness", "*yirdepûnî*": "they will pursue me/they will follow me/they will chase after me", "*wešabtî*": "and I will dwell/and I will return/and I will sit", "*bebêt-YHWH*": "in the house of YHWH/in YHWH's temple/in YHWH's dwelling", "*le'ōrek yāmîm*": "for length of days/for a long time/forever" } }
• Ps 27:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.27.4", "source": "אַחַ֤ת ׀ שָׁאַ֣לְתִּי מֵֽאֵת־יְהוָה֮ אוֹתָ֢הּ אֲבַ֫קֵּ֥שׁ שִׁבְתִּ֣י בְּבֵית־יְ֭הוָה כָּל־יְמֵ֣י חַיַּ֑י לַחֲז֥וֹת בְּנֹֽעַם־יְ֝הוָ֗ה וּלְבַקֵּ֥ר בְּהֵיכָלֽוֹ׃", "text": "*ʾaḥat* ׀ *šāʾaltî* *mē-ʾēt*-*YHWH* *ʾôtāh* *ʾăbaqqēš* *šibtî* *bə-bēyt*-*YHWH* *kol*-*yəmê* *ḥayyay* *la-ḥăzôt* *bə-nōʿam*-*YHWH* *û-ləbaqqēr* *bə-hêkālô*", "grammar": { "*ʾaḥat*": "numeral feminine singular - one (thing)", "*šāʾaltî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I asked/requested", "*mē-ʾēt*": "compound preposition - from with", "*YHWH*": "divine name - tetragrammaton", "*ʾôtāh*": "direct object marker + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - it/that", "*ʾăbaqqēš*": "piel imperfect 1st person singular - I seek/request", "*šibtî*": "infinitive construct + 1st person singular suffix - my dwelling", "*bə-bēyt*": "preposition + noun construct - in house of", "*kol*": "noun construct - all of", "*yəmê*": "noun masculine plural construct - days of", "*ḥayyay*": "noun + 1st person singular suffix - my life", "*la-ḥăzôt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to gaze upon/behold", "*bə-nōʿam*": "preposition + noun construct - in beauty/pleasantness of", "*û-ləbaqqēr*": "conjunction + preposition + piel infinitive construct - and to inquire/visit", "*bə-hêkālô*": "preposition + noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his temple" }, "variants": { "*ʾaḥat*": "one (thing)/one request", "*šāʾaltî*": "I asked/requested/inquired", "*šibtî*": "my dwelling/sitting/remaining", "*yəmê*": "days/time/lifetime", "*ḥayyay*": "my life/lifetime", "*la-ḥăzôt*": "to gaze upon/behold/contemplate/enjoy", "*nōʿam*": "beauty/pleasantness/delightfulness/favor", "*ləbaqqēr*": "to inquire/visit/examine/seek", "*hêkālô*": "his temple/palace/sanctuary" } }
• Ps 84:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.84.4", "source": "גַּם־צִפּ֨וֹר ׀ מָ֪צְאָה בַ֡יִת וּדְר֤וֹר ׀ קֵ֥ן לָהּ֮ אֲשֶׁר־שָׁ֢תָה אֶפְרֹ֫חֶ֥יהָ אֶֽת־מִ֭זְבְּחוֹתֶיךָ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת מַ֝לְכִּ֗י וֵאלֹהָֽי׃", "text": "Even *ṣippôr* *māṣəʾāh* *bayit* and *dərôr* *qên* for her which *šātāh* *ʾeprōḥeyhā* *ʾet*-*mizbəḥôteykā* *YHWH* *ṣəbāʾôt* *malkî* and *ʾēlōhāy*", "grammar": { "*ṣippôr*": "feminine singular noun - 'bird/sparrow'", "*māṣəʾāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - 'she has found'", "*bayit*": "masculine singular noun with preposition bə- - 'a house'", "*dərôr*": "masculine singular noun - 'swallow/swift'", "*qên*": "masculine singular noun - 'nest'", "*šātāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - 'she has put'", "*ʾeprōḥeyhā*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular possessive suffix - 'her young ones'", "*mizbəḥôteykā*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular possessive suffix - 'your altars'", "*YHWH*": "divine name - 'LORD'", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "masculine plural noun - 'hosts/armies'", "*malkî*": "masculine singular noun + 1st person singular possessive suffix - 'my king'", "*ʾēlōhāy*": "masculine plural noun + 1st person singular possessive suffix - 'my God'" }, "variants": { "*ṣippôr*": "bird/sparrow", "*dərôr*": "swallow/swift/free-flying bird", "*qên*": "nest/home", "*šātāh*": "placed/put/established", "*ʾeprōḥeyhā*": "young ones/chicks/brood", "*mizbəḥôteykā*": "altars/places of sacrifice" } }
• Ps 84:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Psalms.84.10", "source": "מָ֭גִנֵּנוּ רְאֵ֣ה אֱלֹהִ֑ים וְ֝הַבֵּ֗ט פְּנֵ֣י מְשִׁיחֶֽךָ׃", "text": "*māginnēnû* *rəʾēh* *ʾĕlōhîm* and *habbēṭ* *pənê* *məšîḥekā*", "grammar": { "*māginnēnû*": "masculine singular noun + 1st person plural possessive suffix - 'our shield'", "*rəʾēh*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - 'see/look'", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - 'God'", "*habbēṭ*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine singular - 'look upon'", "*pənê*": "masculine plural noun construct - 'face of'", "*məšîḥekā*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd person masculine singular possessive suffix - 'your anointed'" }, "variants": { "*māginnēnû*": "our shield/our protector/our defense", "*rəʾēh*": "see/look/behold", "*habbēṭ*": "look upon/behold/consider", "*pənê*": "face/presence/person", "*məšîḥekā*": "your anointed one/your messiah/your chosen one" } }
• Ps 92:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Psalms.92.13", "source": "צַ֭דִּיק כַּתָּמָ֣ר יִפְרָ֑ח כְּאֶ֖רֶז בַּלְּבָנ֣וֹן יִשְׂגֶּֽה׃", "text": "*Ṣaddîq* like the *tāmār* *yiprāḥ* like *ʾerez* in the *lebānôn* *yiśgeh*.", "grammar": { "*Ṣaddîq*": "adjective masculine singular - righteous one", "like the": "preposition kə + definite article ha - like the", "*tāmār*": "noun masculine singular - palm tree", "*yiprāḥ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he will flourish", "like": "preposition kə - like/as", "*ʾerez*": "noun masculine singular - cedar", "in the": "preposition bə + definite article ha - in the", "*lebānôn*": "proper noun - Lebanon", "*yiśgeh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he will grow/thrive" }, "variants": { "*Ṣaddîq*": "righteous one/just person/righteous man", "*tāmār*": "palm tree/date palm", "*yiprāḥ*": "he will flourish/he will blossom/he will sprout", "*ʾerez*": "cedar/cedar tree", "*lebānôn*": "Lebanon (mountain range)", "*yiśgeh*": "he will grow/he will thrive/he will increase" } }
• Ps 135:1-2 : 1 { "verseID": "Psalms.135.1", "source": "הַ֥לְלוּ יָ֨הּ ׀ הַֽ֭לְלוּ אֶת־שֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֑ה הֽ͏ַ֝לְלוּ עַבְדֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*Halelu* *Yah* *halelu* *ʾet*-*šēm* *YHWH* *halelu* *ʿabdē* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*Halelu*": "imperative, masculine plural - praise", "*Yah*": "proper noun - shortened form of YHWH", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*šēm*": "construct form, masculine singular - name of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʿabdē*": "construct form, masculine plural - servants of" }, "variants": { "*Halelu*": "praise/celebrate/extol", "*Yah*": "JAH/LORD/Yahweh (shortened form)", "*šēm*": "name/reputation/character", "*ʿabdē*": "servants/slaves/worshippers" } } 2 { "verseID": "Psalms.135.2", "source": "שֶׁ֣֭עֹֽמְדִים בְּבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה בְּ֝חַצְר֗וֹת בֵּ֣ית אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃", "text": "*šeʿōmdīm* *bᵉbēyt* *YHWH* *bᵉḥaṣrōt* *bēyt* *ʾĕlōhēynû*", "grammar": { "*šeʿōmdīm*": "relative particle + participle, masculine plural - who stand/are standing", "*bᵉbēyt*": "preposition + construct noun, masculine singular - in house of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*bᵉḥaṣrōt*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural - in courts of", "*bēyt*": "construct noun, masculine singular - house of", "*ʾĕlōhēynû*": "noun + 1st person plural suffix - our God" }, "variants": { "*šeʿōmdīm*": "who stand/who are positioned/who serve", "*bēyt*": "house/temple/dwelling", "*ḥaṣrōt*": "courts/enclosures/yards", "*ʾĕlōhēynû*": "our God/our deity" } }
• Luke 5:33 : 33 { "verseID": "Luke.5.33", "source": "¶Οἱ δὲ εἶπον πρὸς αὐτόν, Διὰ τί οἱ μαθηταὶ Ἰωάννου νηστεύουσιν πυκνὰ, καὶ δεήσεις ποιοῦνται, ὁμοίως καὶ οἱ τῶν Φαρισαίων· οἱ δὲ σοὶ ἐσθίουσιν καὶ πίνουσιν;", "text": "They *de eipon pros auton*, Through what the *mathētai Iōannou nēsteuousin pykna*, and *deēseis poiountai*, *homoiōs* also those of the *Pharisaiōn*; those *de soi esthiousin kai pinousin*?", "grammar": { "*de*": "postpositive particle - but/and", "*eipon*": "aorist, 3rd plural, active - said", "*pros*": "preposition + accusative - to", "*auton*": "accusative, masculine, singular - him", "*Dia*": "preposition + accusative - because of/why", "*ti*": "interrogative pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular - what", "*mathētai*": "nominative, masculine, plural - disciples", "*Iōannou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of John", "*nēsteuousin*": "present, 3rd plural, active - fast", "*pykna*": "accusative, neuter, plural used adverbially - often/frequently", "*deēseis*": "accusative, feminine, plural - prayers", "*poiountai*": "present, 3rd plural, middle - make/offer", "*homoiōs*": "adverb - likewise/similarly", "*tōn Pharisaiōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of the Pharisees", "*de*": "postpositive particle - but/and", "*soi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - yours", "*esthiousin*": "present, 3rd plural, active - eat", "*pinousin*": "present, 3rd plural, active - drink" }, "variants": { "*eipon*": "said/spoke", "*Dia ti*": "why/for what reason", "*mathētai*": "disciples/students/followers", "*nēsteuousin*": "fast/abstain from food", "*pykna*": "often/frequently/regularly", "*deēseis*": "prayers/supplications/entreaties", "*poiountai*": "make/offer/practice", "*homoiōs*": "likewise/similarly/in the same way", "*soi*": "yours/belonging to you", "*esthiousin*": "eat/consume", "*pinousin*": "drink" } }