Luke 23:38

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Luke.23.38", "source": "Ἦν δὲ καὶ ἐπιγραφὴ γεγραμμένη ἐπʼ αὐτῷ γράμμασιν Ἑλληνικοῖς, καὶ Ρωμαϊκοῖς, καὶ Ἑβραϊκοῖς, Οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ Βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων.", "text": "*Ēn* *de* also *epigraphē* *gegrammenē* over him in-letters *Hellēnikois*, and *Rōmaikois*, and *Hebraikois*, This *estin* the *Basileus* of-the *Ioudaiōn*.", "grammar": { "*Ēn*": "imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular - was", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and", "*epigraphē*": "nominative singular feminine - inscription", "*gegrammenē*": "perfect passive participle, nominative singular feminine - having been written", "αὐτῷ": "dative singular masculine - him", "*Hellēnikois*": "dative plural neuter - Greek", "*Rōmaikois*": "dative plural neuter - Roman/Latin", "*Hebraikois*": "dative plural neuter - Hebrew/Aramaic", "*estin*": "present active indicative, 3rd singular - is", "*Basileus*": "nominative singular masculine - King", "*Ioudaiōn*": "genitive plural masculine - of Jews" }, "variants": { "*Ēn*": "was/existed", "*epigraphē*": "inscription/title/notice", "*gegrammenē*": "having been written/inscribed", "*Hellēnikois*": "Greek", "*Rōmaikois*": "Roman/Latin", "*Hebraikois*": "Hebrew/Aramaic", "*Basileus*": "King/Ruler", "*Ioudaiōn*": "Jews/Judeans" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

Ἦν δὲ καὶ ἐπιγραφὴ γεγραμμένη ἐπʼ αὐτῷ γράμμασιν Ἑλληνικοῖς, καὶ Ρωμαϊκοῖς, καὶ Ἑβραϊκοῖς, Οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ Βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων.

Transliteration

Ēn de also epigraphē gegrammenē over him in-letters Hellēnikois, and Rōmaikois, and Hebraikois, This estin the Basileus of-the Ioudaiōn.

Grammar Details

• *Ēn*: imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular - was
• *de*: postpositive conjunction - but/and
• *epigraphē*: nominative singular feminine - inscription
• *gegrammenē*: perfect passive participle, nominative singular feminine - having been written
• αὐτῷ: dative singular masculine - him
• *Hellēnikois*: dative plural neuter - Greek
• *Rōmaikois*: dative plural neuter - Roman/Latin
• *Hebraikois*: dative plural neuter - Hebrew/Aramaic
• *estin*: present active indicative, 3rd singular - is
• *Basileus*: nominative singular masculine - King
• *Ioudaiōn*: genitive plural masculine - of Jews

Word Meanings

• *Ēn*: was/existed
• *epigraphē*: inscription/title/notice
• *gegrammenē*: having been written/inscribed
• *Hellēnikois*: Greek
• *Rōmaikois*: Roman/Latin
• *Hebraikois*: Hebrew/Aramaic
• *Basileus*: King/Ruler
• *Ioudaiōn*: Jews/Judeans

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Above Him was written an inscription: This is the King of the Jews.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And a superscription also was written over him in letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew, THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And an inscription was also written over Him in letters of Greek, Latin, and Hebrew: THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And a superscription also was written over him in letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew, THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And there was also a {G1125} superscription over him, {G1121} {G1673} {G4513} {G1444} THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And a superscription also was written over him in letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew, THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  And his superscripcio was writte over him in greke in latine and Ebreu: This is the kynge of the Iewes.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  And aboue ouer him was this superscripcion wrytten with letters of Greke, Latyn, and Hebrue: This is the kynge of the Iewes.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And a superscription was also written ouer him, in Greeke letters, and in Latin, and in Hebrewe, This is that King of The Iewes.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And a superscription was written ouer him, with letters of greke, and latin, and hebrue, This is the king of the Iewes.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And a superscription also was written over him in letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew, THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  An inscription was also written over him in letters of Greek, Latin, and Hebrew: "THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS."

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And there was also a superscription written over him, in letters of Greek, and Roman, and Hebrew, `This is the King of the Jews.'

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And there was also a superscription over him, THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And there was also a superscription over him, THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And these words were put in writing over him, THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS.

• World English Bible (2000)

  An inscription was also written over him in letters of Greek, Latin, and Hebrew: "THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS."

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  There was also an inscription over him,“This is the king of the Jews.”

Referenced Verses

• Mark 15:26 : 26 { "verseID": "Mark.15.26", "source": "Καὶ ἦν ἡ ἐπιγραφὴ τῆς αἰτίας αὐτοῦ ἐπιγεγραμμένη, Ὁ Βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων.", "text": "And *ēn* the *epigraphē* of-the *aitias* of-him *epigegrammenē*, The *Basileus* of-the *Ioudaiōn*.", "grammar": { "*ēn*": "verb, imperfect, active, indicative, 3rd, singular - was", "*epigraphē*": "noun, nominative, feminine, singular - inscription", "*aitias*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - charge/accusation", "*epigegrammenē*": "participle, perfect, passive, nominative, feminine, singular - having been inscribed", "*Basileus*": "noun, nominative, masculine, singular - King", "*Ioudaiōn*": "noun, genitive, masculine, plural - of Jews" }, "variants": { "*epigraphē*": "inscription/title/superscription", "*aitias*": "charge/accusation/cause", "*epigegrammenē*": "inscribed/written up/posted" } }
• Matt 27:37 : 37 { "verseID": "Matthew.27.37", "source": "Καὶ ἐπέθηκαν ἐπάνω τῆς κεφαλῆς αὐτοῦ τὴν αἰτίαν αὐτοῦ γεγραμμένην, Οὗτός ἐστιν Ἰησοῦς ὁ Βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων.", "text": "And they *epethēkan* above the *kephalēs* of him the *aitian* of him having been *gegrammenēn*, This is *Iēsous* the *Basileus* of the *Ioudaiōn*.", "grammar": { "*epethēkan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd plural - placed/put upon", "*kephalēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - head", "*aitian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - charge/accusation", "*gegrammenēn*": "perfect passive participle, accusative, feminine, singular - having been written", "*Iēsous*": "nominative, masculine, singular - proper name Jesus", "*Basileus*": "nominative, masculine, singular - king", "*Ioudaiōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - Jews/Judeans" }, "variants": { "*epethēkan*": "placed/put upon/set", "*kephalēs*": "head [referring to position above where he was crucified]", "*aitian*": "charge/accusation/legal cause [for execution]", "*gegrammenēn*": "having been written/inscribed/recorded", "*Basileus*": "king/monarch/ruler", "*Ioudaiōn*": "Jews/Judeans/people of Judea" } }
• Mark 15:32 : 32 { "verseID": "Mark.15.32", "source": "Ὁ Χριστὸς ὁ Βασιλεὺς τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ καταβάτω νῦν ἀπὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ, ἵνα ἴδωμεν καὶ πιστεύσωμεν. Καὶ οἱ συνεσταυρωμένοι αὐτῷ ὠνείδιζον αὐτόν.", "text": "The *Christos* the *Basileus* of-the *Israēl* let-him-*katabatō* now from the *staurou*, that we-*idōmen* and we-*pisteusōmen*. And those *synestaurōmenoi* with-him *ōneidizon* him.", "grammar": { "*Christos*": "noun, nominative, masculine, singular - Christ/Messiah", "*Basileus*": "noun, nominative, masculine, singular - King", "*Israēl*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - of Israel", "*katabatō*": "verb, aorist, active, imperative, 3rd, singular - let him come down", "*staurou*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - cross", "*idōmen*": "verb, aorist, active, subjunctive, 1st, plural - we might see", "*pisteusōmen*": "verb, aorist, active, subjunctive, 1st, plural - we might believe", "*synestaurōmenoi*": "participle, perfect, passive, nominative, masculine, plural - having been crucified with", "*ōneidizon*": "verb, imperfect, active, indicative, 3rd, plural - were reproaching/reviling" }, "variants": { "*Christos*": "Christ/Messiah/Anointed One", "*katabatō*": "let him come down/let him descend", "*staurou*": "cross/execution stake", "*idōmen*": "we might see/we may see/we can observe", "*pisteusōmen*": "we might believe/we may believe", "*synestaurōmenoi*": "having been crucified with/crucified together with", "*ōneidizon*": "were reproaching/were reviling/were insulting" } }
• Luke 23:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Luke.23.3", "source": "Ὁ δὲ Πιλάτος ἐπηρώτησεν αὐτόν, λέγων, Σὺ εἶ ὁ Βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων; Ὁ δὲ ἀποκριθεὶς αὐτῷ ἔφη, Σὺ λέγεις.", "text": "*Ho de Pilatos epērōtēsen* him, *legōn*, You *ei* the *Basileus* of the *Ioudaiōn*? *Ho de apokritheis* to him *ephē*, You *legeis*.", "grammar": { "*Ho de*": "nominative masculine singular article + particle - and he/but he", "*Pilatos*": "nominative masculine singular - Pilate", "*epērōtēsen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - questioned/asked", "*legōn*": "present active participle, nominative masculine singular - saying", "*ei*": "present active indicative, 2nd person singular - are/you are", "*Basileus*": "nominative masculine singular - King", "*Ioudaiōn*": "genitive masculine plural - of the Jews", "*apokritheis*": "aorist passive participle, nominative masculine singular - having answered", "*ephē*": "imperfect active indicative, 3rd person singular - said/was saying", "*legeis*": "present active indicative, 2nd person singular - you say/you are saying" }, "variants": { "*epērōtēsen*": "questioned/asked/interrogated", "*apokritheis*": "having answered/having responded", "*ephē*": "said/affirmed/declared", "*legeis*": "you say/you are saying/you affirm" } }
• John 19:3 : 3 { "verseID": "John.19.3", "source": "Καὶ ἔλεγον, Χαῖρε, ὁ Βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων! καὶ ἐδίδουν αὐτῷ ῥαπίσματα.", "text": "And *elegon*, *Chaire*, the *Basileus* of the *Ioudaiōn*! and *edidoun* to him *rhapismata*.", "grammar": { "*elegon*": "imperfect active, 3rd plural - were saying [continuous action]", "*Chaire*": "present active imperative, 2nd singular - rejoice/hail/greetings", "*Basileus*": "nominative, masculine, singular - King", "*Ioudaiōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of Jews/Judeans", "*edidoun*": "imperfect active, 3rd plural - were giving [continuous action]", "*rhapismata*": "accusative, neuter, plural - slaps/blows" }, "variants": { "*elegon*": "were saying/kept saying", "*Chaire*": "hail/rejoice/greetings", "*Ioudaiōn*": "of Jews/of Judeans", "*edidoun*": "were giving/kept giving", "*rhapismata*": "slaps/blows with the palm/strikes" } }
• John 19:19-22 : 19 { "verseID": "John.19.19", "source": "Ἔγραψεν δὲ καὶ τίτλον ὁ Πιλάτος, καὶ ἔθηκεν ἐπὶ τοῦ σταυροῦ. Ἦν δὲ γεγραμμένον, Ἰησοῦς ὁ Ναζωραῖος ὁ Βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων.", "text": "*Egrapsen de kai titlon* the *Pilatos*, and *ethēken epi tou staurou*. *Ēn de gegrammenon*, *Iēsous ho Nazōraios ho Basileus tōn Ioudaiōn*.", "grammar": { "*Egrapsen*": "aorist active, 3rd singular - he wrote", "*de*": "particle, contrastive - and/but", "*kai*": "conjunction, adjunctive - also", "*titlon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - title/inscription", "*Pilatos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Pilate", "*ethēken*": "aorist active, 3rd singular - he put/placed", "*epi*": "preposition with genitive - on/upon", "*tou staurou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of the cross", "*Ēn*": "imperfect active, 3rd singular - it was", "*de*": "particle, contrastive - and/but", "*gegrammenon*": "perfect passive participle, nominative, neuter, singular - having been written", "*Iēsous*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Jesus", "*ho Nazōraios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - the Nazarene", "*ho Basileus*": "nominative, masculine, singular - the King", "*tōn Ioudaiōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of the Jews/Judeans" }, "variants": { "*Egrapsen*": "wrote/inscribed", "*titlon*": "title/inscription/notice", "*ethēken*": "put/placed/set", "*gegrammenon*": "written/inscribed", "*ho Nazōraios*": "the Nazarene/of Nazareth", "*Basileus*": "King/ruler" } } 20 { "verseID": "John.19.20", "source": "Τοῦτον οὖν τὸν τίτλον πολλοὶ ἀνέγνωσαν τῶν Ἰουδαίων: ὅτι ἐγγὺς ἦν ὁ τόπος τῆς πόλεως ὅπου ἐσταυρώθη ὁ Ἰησοῦς: καὶ ἦν γεγραμμένον Ἑβραϊστί, Ἑλληνιστί, Ῥωμαϊστί.", "text": "*Touton oun ton titlon polloi anegnōsan tōn Ioudaiōn*: *hoti eggys ēn ho topos tēs poleōs hopou estaurōthē ho Iēsous*: and *ēn gegrammenon Hebraisti*, *Hellēnisti*, *Rhōmaisti*.", "grammar": { "*Touton*": "demonstrative pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular - this", "*oun*": "conjunction, inferential - therefore/then", "*ton titlon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - the title", "*polloi*": "adjective, nominative, masculine, plural - many", "*anegnōsan*": "aorist active, 3rd plural - they read", "*tōn Ioudaiōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of the Jews/Judeans", "*hoti*": "conjunction - because", "*eggys*": "adverb - near/close", "*ēn*": "imperfect active, 3rd singular - was", "*ho topos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - the place", "*tēs poleōs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of the city", "*hopou*": "adverb, relative - where", "*estaurōthē*": "aorist passive, 3rd singular - was crucified", "*ho Iēsous*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Jesus", "*ēn*": "imperfect active, 3rd singular - it was", "*gegrammenon*": "perfect passive participle, nominative, neuter, singular - having been written", "*Hebraisti*": "adverb - in Hebrew/Aramaic", "*Hellēnisti*": "adverb - in Greek", "*Rhōmaisti*": "adverb - in Latin" }, "variants": { "*anegnōsan*": "read/recognized", "*eggys*": "near/close to", "*topos*": "place/location", "*poleōs*": "city/town", "*estaurōthē*": "was crucified/was executed", "*gegrammenon*": "written/inscribed", "*Hebraisti*": "in Hebrew/in Aramaic", "*Hellēnisti*": "in Greek", "*Rhōmaisti*": "in Latin/in Roman" } } 21 { "verseID": "John.19.21", "source": "Ἔλεγον οὖν τῷ Πιλάτῳ οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς τῶν Ἰουδαίων, Μὴ γράφε, Ὁ Βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων· ἀλλʼ ὅτι ἐκεῖνος εἶπεν, Βασιλεύς εἰμι τῶν Ἰουδαίων.", "text": "*Elegon oun tō Pilatō hoi archiereis tōn Ioudaiōn*, *Mē graphe*, *Ho Basileus tōn Ioudaiōn*; *all hoti ekeinos eipen*, *Basileus eimi tōn Ioudaiōn*.", "grammar": { "*Elegon*": "imperfect active, 3rd plural - were saying", "*oun*": "conjunction, inferential - therefore/then", "*tō Pilatō*": "dative, masculine, singular - to Pilate", "*hoi archiereis*": "nominative, masculine, plural - the chief priests", "*tōn Ioudaiōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of the Jews/Judeans", "*Mē*": "negation with imperative - not [don't]", "*graphe*": "present active imperative, 2nd singular - write", "*Ho Basileus*": "nominative, masculine, singular - The King", "*tōn Ioudaiōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of the Jews/Judeans", "*all*": "conjunction, strong adversative - but", "*hoti*": "conjunction - that/because", "*ekeinos*": "demonstrative pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular - that one", "*eipen*": "aorist active, 3rd singular - said", "*Basileus*": "nominative, masculine, singular - King", "*eimi*": "present active, 1st singular - I am", "*tōn Ioudaiōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of the Jews/Judeans" }, "variants": { "*Elegon*": "were saying/kept saying", "*archiereis*": "chief priests/high priests", "*Mē graphe*": "do not write", "*ekeinos*": "that one/he", "*eipen*": "said/spoke", "*eimi*": "am/exist" } } 22 { "verseID": "John.19.22", "source": "Ἀπεκρίθη ὁ Πιλάτος, Ὃ γέγραφα γέγραφα.", "text": "*Apekrithē ho Pilatos*, *Ho gegrapha gegrapha*.", "grammar": { "*Apekrithē*": "aorist passive, 3rd singular - answered/replied", "*ho Pilatos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Pilate", "*Ho*": "relative pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular - what", "*gegrapha*": "perfect active, 1st singular - I have written", "*gegrapha*": "perfect active, 1st singular - I have written [repetition for emphasis]" }, "variants": { "*Apekrithē*": "answered/replied/responded", "*Ho gegrapha gegrapha*": "What I have written, I have written [emphatic repetition indicating finality]" } }
• Mark 15:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Mark.15.18", "source": "Καὶ ἤρξαντο ἀσπάζεσθαι αὐτόν, Χαῖρε, Βασιλεῦ τῶν Ἰουδαίων!", "text": "And they-*ērxanto* *aspazesthai* him, *Chaire*, *Basileu* of-the *Ioudaiōn*!", "grammar": { "*ērxanto*": "verb, aorist, middle, indicative, 3rd, plural - they began", "*aspazesthai*": "verb, present, middle, infinitive - to greet/salute", "*Chaire*": "verb, present, active, imperative, 2nd, singular - hail/rejoice/greetings", "*Basileu*": "noun, vocative, masculine, singular - King", "*Ioudaiōn*": "noun, genitive, masculine, plural - of Jews" }, "variants": { "*ērxanto*": "began/started", "*aspazesthai*": "to greet/to salute/to pay homage to", "*Chaire*": "hail/rejoice/greetings (formal Roman salutation)" } }
• Matt 27:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Matthew.27.11", "source": "Ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς ἔστη ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ ἡγεμόνος: καὶ ἐπηρώτησεν αὐτὸν ὁ ἡγεμών, λέγων, Σὺ εἶ ὁ Βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων; Ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς ἔφη αὐτῷ, Σὺ λέγεις.", "text": "*Ho* *de* *Iēsous* *estē* *emprosthen* of the *hēgemonos*: and *epērōtēsen* him the *hēgemōn*, *legōn*, You *ei* the *Basileus* of the *Ioudaiōn*? *Ho* *de* *Iēsous* *ephē* to him, You *legeis*.", "grammar": { "*Ho*": "article, nominative, masculine, singular - the", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and", "*Iēsous*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Jesus", "*estē*": "aorist, 3rd singular, active - stood", "*emprosthen*": "preposition + genitive - before/in front of", "*hēgemonos*": "genitive, masculine, singular - governor", "*epērōtēsen*": "aorist, 3rd singular, active - questioned/asked", "*hēgemōn*": "nominative, masculine, singular - governor", "*legōn*": "present participle, nominative, masculine, singular, active - saying", "*ei*": "present, 2nd singular - you are", "*Basileus*": "nominative, masculine, singular - King", "*Ioudaiōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - Jews", "*ephē*": "imperfect, 3rd singular, active - said/was saying", "*legeis*": "present, 2nd singular, active - you say/are saying" }, "variants": { "*emprosthen*": "before/in front of", "*epērōtēsen*": "questioned/asked", "*Sy legeis*": "You say so/You are saying it/It is as you say" } }