Nehemiah 9:2

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.2", "source": "וַיִּבָּֽדְלוּ֙ זֶ֣רַע יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִכֹּ֖ל בְּנֵ֣י נֵכָ֑ר וַיַּעַמְד֗וּ וַיִּתְוַדּוּ֙ עַל־חַטֹּ֣אתֵיהֶ֔ם וַעֲוֺנ֖וֹת אֲבֹתֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wayyibbādəlû* *zeraʿ* *Yiśrāʾēl* from all *bənê* *nēkār*, and *wayyaʿamdû* and *wayyitwaddû* upon-*ḥaṭṭōʾtêhem* and *ʿăwōnôt* *ʾăḇōtêhem*.", "grammar": { "*wayyibbādəlû*": "niphal imperfect consecutive 3rd person plural - and they separated themselves", "*zeraʿ*": "masculine singular construct - seed/offspring of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons/children of", "*nēkār*": "masculine singular - foreign/strange", "*wayyaʿamdû*": "qal imperfect consecutive 3rd person plural - and they stood", "*wayyitwaddû*": "hitpael imperfect consecutive 3rd person plural - and they confessed", "*ḥaṭṭōʾtêhem*": "feminine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their sins", "*ʿăwōnôt*": "masculine plural construct - iniquities of", "*ʾăḇōtêhem*": "masculine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their fathers" }, "variants": { "*zeraʿ*": "seed/offspring/descendants", "*nēkār*": "foreign/strange/alien", "*ḥaṭṭōʾtêhem*": "their sins/offenses/failures", "*ʿăwōnôt*": "iniquities/guilt/wrongdoing", "*ʾăḇōtêhem*": "their fathers/ancestors/forefathers" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיִּבָּֽדְלוּ֙ זֶ֣רַע יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִכֹּ֖ל בְּנֵ֣י נֵכָ֑ר וַיַּעַמְד֗וּ וַיִּתְוַדּוּ֙ עַל־חַטֹּ֣אתֵיהֶ֔ם וַעֲוֺנ֖וֹת אֲבֹתֵיהֶֽם׃

Transliteration

And wayyibbādəlû zeraʿ Yiśrāʾēl from all bənê nēkār, and wayyaʿamdû and wayyitwaddû upon-ḥaṭṭōʾtêhem and ʿăwōnôt ʾăḇōtêhem.

Grammar Details

• *wayyibbādəlû*: niphal imperfect consecutive 3rd person plural - and they separated themselves
• *zeraʿ*: masculine singular construct - seed/offspring of
• *Yiśrāʾēl*: proper noun - Israel
• *bənê*: masculine plural construct - sons/children of
• *nēkār*: masculine singular - foreign/strange
• *wayyaʿamdû*: qal imperfect consecutive 3rd person plural - and they stood
• *wayyitwaddû*: hitpael imperfect consecutive 3rd person plural - and they confessed
• *ḥaṭṭōʾtêhem*: feminine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their sins
• *ʿăwōnôt*: masculine plural construct - iniquities of
• *ʾăḇōtêhem*: masculine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their fathers

Word Meanings

• *zeraʿ*: seed/offspring/descendants
• *nēkār*: foreign/strange/alien
• *ḥaṭṭōʾtêhem*: their sins/offenses/failures
• *ʿăwōnôt*: iniquities/guilt/wrongdoing
• *ʾăḇōtêhem*: their fathers/ancestors/forefathers

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  The descendants of Israel separated themselves from all foreigners, stood, and confessed their sins and the iniquities of their ancestors.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And the seed of Israel separated themselves from all strangers, and stood and confessed their sins, and the iniquities of their fathers.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  The descendants of Israel separated themselves from all foreigners and stood and confessed their sins and the iniquities of their ancestors.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And the seed of Israel separated themselves from all strangers, and stood and confessed their sins, and the iniquities of their fathers.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And the seed{H2233} of Israel{H3478} separated{H914} themselves from all foreigners,{H1121} and stood{H5975} and confessed{H3034} their sins,{H2403} and the iniquities{H5771} of their fathers.{H1}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And the seed{H2233} of Israel{H3478} separated{H914}{(H8735)} themselves from all strangers{H1121}{H5236}, and stood{H5975}{(H8799)} and confessed{H3034}{(H8691)} their sins{H2403}, and the iniquities{H5771} of their fathers{H1}.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  and separated the sede of Israel from all the straunge children, and stode and knowleged their synnes, and the wyckednesses of their fathers,

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  (And they that were of the seede of Israel were separated from all the strangers) and they stoode and confessed their sinnes and the iniquities of their fathers.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And they that were of the seede of Israel, were separated from all the straunge children, and stoode & knowledged their sinnes, & the wickednes of their fathers:

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And the seed of Israel separated themselves from all strangers, and stood and confessed their sins, and the iniquities of their fathers.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  The seed of Israel separated themselves from all foreigners, and stood and confessed their sins, and the iniquities of their fathers.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  and the seed of Israel are separated from all sons of a stranger, and stand and confess concerning their sins, and the iniquities of their fathers,

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And the seed of Israel separated themselves from all foreigners, and stood and confessed their sins, and the iniquities of their fathers.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And the seed of Israel separated themselves from all foreigners, and stood and confessed their sins, and the iniquities of their fathers.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And the seed of Israel made themselves separate from all the men of other nations, publicly requesting forgiveness for their sins and the wrongdoing of their fathers.

• World English Bible (2000)

  The seed of Israel separated themselves from all foreigners, and stood and confessed their sins, and the iniquities of their fathers.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Those truly of Israelite descent separated from all the foreigners, standing and confessing their sins and the iniquities of their ancestors.

Referenced Verses

• Neh 13:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.13.3", "source": "וַיְהִ֖י כְּשָׁמְעָ֣ם אֶת־הַתּוֹרָ֑ה וַיַּבְדִּ֥ילוּ כָל־עֵ֖רֶב מִיּשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And *wayhî* when *šām'ām* *'eṯ*-the *tôrāh*; and *wayyaḇdîlû* all-*'ēreḇ* from *Yiśrā'ēl*.", "grammar": { "*wayhî*": "Qal imperfect consecutive 3rd masculine singular of *hāyāh* - and it was/came to pass", "*šām'ām*": "Qal infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their hearing", "*'eṯ*": "direct object marker", "*tôrāh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - law/instruction", "*wayyaḇdîlû*": "Hiphil imperfect consecutive 3rd masculine plural - and they separated", "*'ēreḇ*": "masculine singular noun - mixed multitude/foreigners", "*Yiśrā'ēl*": "proper name - Israel" }, "variants": { "*'ēreḇ*": "mixed multitude/foreigners/mixture/mixed people", "*tôrāh*": "law/instruction/teaching" } }
• Neh 13:30 : 30 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.13.30", "source": "וְטִֽהַרְתִּ֖ים מִכָּל־נֵכָ֑ר וָאַעֲמִ֧ידָה מִשְׁמָר֛וֹת לַכֹּהֲנִ֥ים וְלַלְוִיִּ֖ם אִ֥ישׁ בִּמְלַאכְתּֽוֹ׃", "text": "And-*ṭihartîm* from-all-*nēkār*, and-*wāʾaʿămîdāh* *mišmārôt* for-*hakkōhănîm* and-for-*halwîyim*, *ʾîš* in-*bimlaktô*.", "grammar": { "*wə-ṭihartîm*": "conjunction + piel perfect 1st person singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and I cleansed them", "*mikkol-nēkār*": "preposition + construct 'all of' + masculine singular noun - from all foreign things", "*wāʾaʿămîdāh*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 1st person singular + paragogic heh - and I established", "*mišmārôt*": "feminine plural noun - duties/watches/guards", "*la-kōhănîm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - for the priests", "*wə-la-lwîyim*": "conjunction + preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - and for the Levites", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - each man", "*bi-mlaktô*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his work" }, "variants": { "*ṭihartîm*": "cleansed/purified/made ritually pure", "*nēkār*": "foreign element/alien influence/strange practice", "*mišmārôt*": "duties/watches/assigned responsibilities", "*mĕlākā*": "work/service/task" } }
• Ezra 10:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Ezra.10.11", "source": "וְעַתָּ֗ה תְּנ֥וּ תוֹדָ֛ה לַיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽי־אֲבֹתֵיכֶ֖ם וַעֲשׂ֣וּ רְצוֹנ֑וֹ וְהִבָּֽדְלוּ֙ מֵעַמֵּ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ וּמִן־הַנָּשִׁ֖ים הַנָּכְרִיּֽוֹת", "text": "And now *tᵉnû* *tôdâ* to *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê-ʾăbōtêkem* and *ʿăśû* his *rᵉṣônô*, and *hibbādᵉlû* from *ʿammê hāʾāreṣ* and from the *nāšîm hannokrîyôt*", "grammar": { "*tᵉnû*": "Qal imperative 2mp - give", "*tôdâ*": "noun, feminine singular - thanksgiving/confession", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōhê-ʾăbōtêkem*": "construct chain with 2mp suffix - God of your fathers", "*ʿăśû*": "Qal imperative 2mp - do", "*rᵉṣônô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3ms suffix - his pleasure", "*hibbādᵉlû*": "Niphal imperative 2mp - be separated", "*ʿammê hāʾāreṣ*": "construct chain - peoples of the land", "*nāšîm hannokrîyôt*": "noun + adjective with articles - the foreign women" }, "variants": { "*tôdâ*": "thanksgiving, confession, praise", "*rᵉṣônô*": "his pleasure, his will, his desire", "*hibbādᵉlû*": "separate yourselves, distinguish yourselves, set yourselves apart" } }
• Dan 9:3-9 : 3 { "verseID": "Daniel.9.3", "source": "וָאֶתְּנָ֣ה אֶת־פָּנַ֗י אֶל־אֲדֹנָי֙ הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים לְבַקֵּ֥שׁ תְּפִלָּ֖ה וְתַחֲנוּנִ֑ים בְּצ֖וֹם וְשַׂ֥ק וָאֵֽפֶר׃", "text": "And *wāʾettənāh* *ʾeṯ*-*pānay* to-*ʾăḏōnāy* the *ʾĕlōhîm* to *ḇaqqêš* *təp̄illāh* and *taḥănûnîm* in *ṣôm* and *śaq* and *ʾêp̄er*.", "grammar": { "*wāʾettənāh*": "consecutive imperfect, 1st singular - and I set/gave/directed", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*pānay*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 1st person suffix - my face", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "divine title, my Lord - used for God", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine, plural with definite article - the God", "*ḇaqqêš*": "infinitive construct, piel - to seek", "*təp̄illāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - prayer", "*taḥănûnîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - supplications/entreaties", "*ṣôm*": "noun, masculine, singular - fasting", "*śaq*": "noun, masculine, singular - sackcloth", "*ʾêp̄er*": "noun, masculine, singular - ashes" }, "variants": { "*wāʾettənāh*": "and I set/gave/directed/turned", "*pānay*": "my face/presence/attention", "*ḇaqqêš*": "to seek/search for/request", "*taḥănûnîm*": "supplications/entreaties/pleas for favor" } } 4 { "verseID": "Daniel.9.4", "source": "וָֽאֶתְפַּֽלְלָ֛ה לַיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהַ֖י וָאֶתְוַדֶּ֑ה וָאֹֽמְרָ֗ה אָנָּ֤א אֲדֹנָי֙ הָאֵ֤ל הַגָּדוֹל֙ וְהַנּוֹרָ֔א שֹׁמֵ֤ר הַבְּרִית֙ וְֽהַחֶ֔סֶד לְאֹהֲבָ֖יו וּלְשֹׁמְרֵ֥י מִצְוֺתָֽיו׃", "text": "And *wāʾeṯpallǝlāh* to *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhay* and *wāʾeṯwaddeh* and *wāʾōmǝrāh*: *ʾānnāʾ* *ʾăḏōnāy* the *ʾêl* the *gāḏôl* and the *nôrāʾ*, *šōmêr* the *bǝrîṯ* and the *ḥeseḏ* to *ʾōhăḇāyw* and to *šōmǝrê* *miṣwōṯāyw*.", "grammar": { "*wāʾeṯpallǝlāh*": "consecutive imperfect, 1st singular, hitpael - and I prayed", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōhay*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 1st person suffix - my God", "*wāʾeṯwaddeh*": "consecutive imperfect, 1st singular, hitpael - and I confessed", "*wāʾōmǝrāh*": "consecutive imperfect, 1st singular, qal - and I said", "*ʾānnāʾ*": "interjection - please/oh", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "divine title - Lord/Master", "*ʾêl*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the God", "*gāḏôl*": "adjective, masculine, singular with definite article - the great", "*nôrāʾ*": "participle, niphal, masculine, singular with definite article - the awesome/fearful", "*šōmêr*": "participle, qal, masculine, singular - keeping/preserving", "*bǝrîṯ*": "noun, feminine, singular with definite article - the covenant", "*ḥeseḏ*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the steadfast love/mercy", "*ʾōhăḇāyw*": "participle, qal, masculine, plural construct with 3ms suffix - those loving him", "*šōmǝrê*": "participle, qal, masculine, plural construct - keepers of", "*miṣwōṯāyw*": "noun, feminine, plural with 3ms suffix - his commandments" }, "variants": { "*wāʾeṯpallǝlāh*": "and I prayed/interceded/pleaded", "*wāʾeṯwaddeh*": "and I confessed/acknowledged", "*ʾānnāʾ*": "please/I beseech you/oh", "*nôrāʾ*": "awesome/fearful/terrible/dreadful", "*ḥeseḏ*": "steadfast love/mercy/kindness/faithfulness" } } 5 { "verseID": "Daniel.9.5", "source": "חָטָ֥אנוּ וְעָוִ֖ינוּ *והרשענו **הִרְשַׁ֣עְנוּ וּמָרָ֑דְנוּ וְס֥וֹר מִמִּצְוֺתֶ֖ךָ וּמִמִּשְׁפָּטֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "*ḥāṭāʾnû* and *ʿāwînû* and *hiršaʿnû* and *mārāḏnû* and *sôr* from *miṣwōṯeḵā* and from *mišpāṭeḵā*.", "grammar": { "*ḥāṭāʾnû*": "perfect, 1st plural, qal - we have sinned", "*ʿāwînû*": "perfect, 1st plural, qal - we have committed iniquity", "*hiršaʿnû*": "perfect, 1st plural, hiphil - we have done wickedly", "*mārāḏnû*": "perfect, 1st plural, qal - we have rebelled", "*sôr*": "infinitive absolute, qal - turning away", "*miṣwōṯeḵā*": "noun, feminine, plural with 2ms suffix - your commandments", "*mišpāṭeḵā*": "noun, masculine, plural with 2ms suffix - your judgments/ordinances" }, "variants": { "*ḥāṭāʾnû*": "we have sinned/missed the mark/failed", "*ʿāwînû*": "we have committed iniquity/twisted/perverted", "*hiršaʿnû*": "we have acted wickedly/done wrong/been guilty", "*mārāḏnû*": "we have rebelled/been disobedient/revolted", "*sôr*": "turning away/departing/deviating", "*mišpāṭeḵā*": "your judgments/ordinances/laws" } } 6 { "verseID": "Daniel.9.6", "source": "וְלֹ֤א שָׁמַ֙עְנוּ֙ אֶל־עֲבָדֶ֣יךָ הַנְּבִיאִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר דִּבְּרוּ֙ בְּשִׁמְךָ֔ אֶל־מְלָכֵ֥ינוּ שָׂרֵ֖ינוּ וַאֲבֹתֵ֑ינוּ וְאֶ֖ל כָּל־עַ֥ם הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "And not *šāmaʿnû* to *ʿăḇāḏeḵā* the *nəḇîʾîm* who *dibbərû* in *šimḵā* to *məlāḵênû* *śārênû* and *ʾăḇōṯênû* and to all-*ʿam* the *ʾāreṣ*.", "grammar": { "*šāmaʿnû*": "perfect, 1st plural, qal - we have listened", "*ʿăḇāḏeḵā*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 2ms suffix - your servants", "*nəḇîʾîm*": "noun, masculine, plural with definite article - the prophets", "*dibbərû*": "perfect, 3rd plural, piel - they spoke", "*šimḵā*": "noun, masculine, singular with 2ms suffix - your name", "*məlāḵênû*": "noun, masculine, plural with 1st plural suffix - our kings", "*śārênû*": "noun, masculine, plural with 1st plural suffix - our princes/officials", "*ʾăḇōṯênû*": "noun, masculine, plural with 1st plural suffix - our fathers", "*ʿam*": "construct state, masculine, singular - people of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular with definite article - the land" }, "variants": { "*šāmaʿnû*": "we have listened/heard/obeyed", "*ʿăḇāḏeḵā*": "your servants/slaves", "*dibbərû*": "they spoke/declared/proclaimed", "*śārênû*": "our princes/officials/rulers", "*ʿam*": "people/nation/folk" } } 7 { "verseID": "Daniel.9.7", "source": "לְךָ֤ אֲדֹנָי֙ הַצְּדָקָ֔ה וְלָ֛נוּ בֹּ֥שֶׁת הַפָּנִ֖ים כַּיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה לְאִ֤ישׁ יְהוּדָה֙ וּלְיוֹשְׁבֵ֣י יְרֽוּשָׁלִַ֔ם וּֽלְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֞ל הַקְּרֹבִ֣ים וְהָרְחֹקִ֗ים בְּכָל־הָֽאֲרָצוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִדַּחְתָּ֣ם שָׁ֔ם בְּמַעֲלָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר מָֽעֲלוּ־בָֽךְ׃", "text": "To you *ʾăḏōnāy* the *ṣəḏāqāh*, and to us *bōšeṯ* the *pānîm* as the *yôm* the *zeh*, to *ʾîš* *yəhûḏāh* and to *yôšḇê* *yərûšālayim* and to all-*yiśrāʾêl* the *qərōḇîm* and the *rəḥōqîm* in all-the *ʾărāṣôṯ* which *hiddaḥtām* there in *maʿălām* which *māʿălû*-in you.", "grammar": { "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "divine title - Lord/Master", "*ṣəḏāqāh*": "noun, feminine, singular with definite article - the righteousness", "*bōšeṯ*": "noun, feminine, singular - shame", "*pānîm*": "noun, masculine, plural with definite article - the face", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the day", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine, singular - this", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - men of", "*yəhûḏāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*yôšḇê*": "participle, qal, masculine, plural construct - inhabitants of", "*yərûšālayim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*yiśrāʾêl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*qərōḇîm*": "adjective, masculine, plural with definite article - the near ones", "*rəḥōqîm*": "adjective, masculine, plural with definite article - the far ones", "*ʾărāṣôṯ*": "noun, feminine, plural with definite article - the lands", "*hiddaḥtām*": "perfect, 2nd masculine singular, hiphil with 3mp suffix - you have driven them", "*maʿălām*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3mpl suffix - their unfaithfulness", "*māʿălû*": "perfect, 3rd plural, qal - they committed/acted unfaithfully" }, "variants": { "*ṣəḏāqāh*": "righteousness/justice/rightness", "*bōšeṯ*": "shame/humiliation/disgrace", "*pānîm*": "face/presence/countenance", "*qərōḇîm*": "near ones/those who are near", "*rəḥōqîm*": "far ones/those who are far", "*hiddaḥtām*": "you have driven/scattered/banished them", "*maʿălām*": "their unfaithfulness/treachery/rebellion" } } 8 { "verseID": "Daniel.9.8", "source": "יְהוָ֗ה לָ֚נוּ בֹּ֣שֶׁת הַפָּנִ֔ים לִמְלָכֵ֥ינוּ לְשָׂרֵ֖ינוּ וְלַאֲבֹתֵ֑ינוּ אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטָ֖אנוּ לָֽךְ׃", "text": "*YHWH*, to us *bōšeṯ* the *pānîm*, to *məlāḵênû*, to *śārênû*, and to *ʾăḇōṯênû* who *ḥāṭāʾnû* to you.", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*bōšeṯ*": "noun, feminine, singular - shame", "*pānîm*": "noun, masculine, plural with definite article - the face", "*məlāḵênû*": "noun, masculine, plural with 1pl suffix - our kings", "*śārênû*": "noun, masculine, plural with 1pl suffix - our princes/officials", "*ʾăḇōṯênû*": "noun, masculine, plural with 1pl suffix - our fathers", "*ḥāṭāʾnû*": "perfect, 1st plural, qal - we have sinned" }, "variants": { "*bōšeṯ*": "shame/humiliation/disgrace", "*pānîm*": "face/presence/countenance", "*śārênû*": "our princes/officials/rulers", "*ḥāṭāʾnû*": "we have sinned/missed the mark/failed" } } 9 { "verseID": "Daniel.9.9", "source": "לַֽאדֹנָ֣י אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ הָרַחֲמִ֖ים וְהַסְּלִח֑וֹת כִּ֥י מָרַ֖דְנוּ בּֽוֹ׃", "text": "To *ʾăḏōnāy* *ʾĕlōhênû* the *raḥămîm* and the *səliḥôṯ* for *māraḏnû* against him.", "grammar": { "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "divine title - Lord/Master", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun, masculine, plural with 1pl suffix - our God", "*raḥămîm*": "noun, masculine, plural with definite article - the compassions", "*səliḥôṯ*": "noun, feminine, plural with definite article - the forgivenesses", "*māraḏnû*": "perfect, 1st plural, qal - we have rebelled" }, "variants": { "*raḥămîm*": "compassions/mercies/tender mercies", "*səliḥôṯ*": "forgivenesses/pardons", "*māraḏnû*": "we have rebelled/revolted/been disobedient" } } 10 { "verseID": "Daniel.9.10", "source": "וְלֹ֣א שָׁמַ֔עְנוּ בְּק֖וֹל יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ לָלֶ֤כֶת בְּתֽוֹרֹתָיו֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָתַ֣ן לְפָנֵ֔ינוּ בְּיַ֖ד עֲבָדָ֥יו הַנְּבִיאִֽים׃", "text": "And not *šāmaʿnû* in *qôl* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhênû* to *lāleḵeṯ* in *tôrōṯāyw* which *nāṯan* before *pānênû* by *yaḏ* *ʿăḇāḏāyw* the *nəḇîʾîm*.", "grammar": { "*šāmaʿnû*": "perfect, 1st plural, qal - we have listened", "*qôl*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - voice of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun, masculine, plural with 1pl suffix - our God", "*lāleḵeṯ*": "infinitive construct, qal with prefix - to walk", "*tôrōṯāyw*": "noun, feminine, plural with 3ms suffix - his laws", "*nāṯan*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular, qal - he gave", "*pānênû*": "noun, masculine, plural with 1pl suffix - our faces", "*yaḏ*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - hand of", "*ʿăḇāḏāyw*": "noun, masculine, plural with 3ms suffix - his servants", "*nəḇîʾîm*": "noun, masculine, plural with definite article - the prophets" }, "variants": { "*šāmaʿnû*": "we have listened/heard/obeyed", "*qôl*": "voice/sound", "*lāleḵeṯ*": "to walk/go/follow", "*tôrōṯāyw*": "his laws/instructions/teachings", "*pānênû*": "our faces/presence/before us" } }
• Dan 9:20 : 20 { "verseID": "Daniel.9.20", "source": "וְע֨וֹד אֲנִ֤י מְדַבֵּר֙ וּמִתְפַּלֵּ֔ל וּמִתְוַדֶּה֙ חַטָּאתִ֔י וְחַטַּ֖את עַמִּ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּמַפִּ֣יל תְּחִנָּתִ֗י לִפְנֵי֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהַ֔י עַ֖ל הַר־קֹ֥דֶשׁ אֱלֹהָֽי׃", "text": "And while still I *məḏabbêr* and *miṯpallêl* and *miṯwaddeh* *ḥaṭṭāṯî* and *ḥaṭṭaʾṯ* *ʿammî* *yiśrāʾêl* and *mappîl* *təḥinnāṯî* before *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhay* for *har*-*qōḏeš* *ʾĕlōhāy*.", "grammar": { "*məḏabbêr*": "participle, piel, masculine, singular - speaking", "*miṯpallêl*": "participle, hitpael, masculine, singular - praying", "*miṯwaddeh*": "participle, hitpael, masculine, singular - confessing", "*ḥaṭṭāṯî*": "noun, feminine, singular with 1s suffix - my sin", "*ḥaṭṭaʾṯ*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - sin of", "*ʿammî*": "noun, masculine, singular with 1s suffix - my people", "*yiśrāʾêl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*mappîl*": "participle, hiphil, masculine, singular - presenting", "*təḥinnāṯî*": "noun, feminine, singular with 1s suffix - my supplication", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōhay*": "noun, masculine, plural with 1s suffix - my God", "*har*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - mountain of", "*qōḏeš*": "noun, masculine, singular - holiness", "*ʾĕlōhāy*": "noun, masculine, plural with 1s suffix - my God" }, "variants": { "*məḏabbêr*": "speaking/talking", "*miṯpallêl*": "praying/interceding", "*miṯwaddeh*": "confessing/acknowledging", "*ḥaṭṭāṯî*": "my sin/error/failure", "*mappîl*": "presenting/laying down/causing to fall", "*təḥinnāṯî*": "my supplication/plea/petition", "*har*": "mountain/hill", "*qōḏeš*": "holiness/sanctuary/holy place" } }
• Hos 5:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Hosea.5.7", "source": "בַּיהוָ֣ה בָּגָ֔דוּ כִּֽי־בָנִ֥ים זָרִ֖ים יָלָ֑דוּ עַתָּ֛ה יֹאכְלֵ֥ם חֹ֖דֶשׁ אֶת־חֶלְקֵיהֶֽם׃ ס", "text": "Against-*YHWH* *bāḡāḏû* for-*ḇānîm* *zārîm* *yālāḏû*; *ʿattâ* *yōʾḵlēm* *ḥōḏeš* *ʾeṯ*-portions-of-them.", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*bāḡāḏû*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they have dealt treacherously", "*ḇānîm*": "noun, masculine plural - children/sons", "*zārîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - strange/foreign", "*yālāḏû*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they have borne/begotten", "*ʿattâ*": "adverb - now", "*yōʾḵlēm*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - it will devour them", "*ḥōḏeš*": "noun, masculine singular - new moon/month", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker" }, "variants": { "*bāḡāḏû*": "they have dealt treacherously/they have been faithless/they have betrayed", "*ḇānîm*": "children/sons", "*zārîm*": "strange/foreign/alien", "*yālāḏû*": "they have borne/they have begotten/they have given birth to", "*yōʾḵlēm*": "it will devour them/it will consume them", "*ḥōḏeš*": "new moon/month/lunar cycle" } }
• Ps 144:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Psalms.144.11", "source": "פְּצֵ֥נִי וְהַצִּילֵנִי֮ מִיַּ֢ד בְּֽנֵי־נֵ֫כָ֥ר אֲשֶׁ֣ר פִּ֭יהֶם דִּבֶּר־שָׁ֑וְא וִֽ֝ימִינָ֗ם יְמִ֣ין שָֽׁקֶר׃", "text": "*Pĕṣēnî wĕhaṣṣîlēnî miyyad bĕnê-nēkār ʾăšer pîhem dibber-šāwʾ*, and their *wîmînām yĕmîn šāqer*.", "grammar": { "*pĕṣēnî*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - rescue me", "*wĕhaṣṣîlēnî*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperative, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - and deliver me", "*miyyad*": "preposition + noun feminine singular construct - from the hand of", "*bĕnê*": "noun masculine plural construct - sons of", "*nēkār*": "noun masculine singular - foreignness/foreign", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/which/that", "*pîhem*": "noun masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their mouth", "*dibber*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has spoken", "*šāwʾ*": "noun masculine singular - emptiness/falsehood/vanity", "*wîmînām*": "conjunction + noun feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their right hand", "*yĕmîn*": "noun feminine singular construct - right hand of", "*šāqer*": "noun masculine singular - falsehood/deception" }, "variants": { "*pĕṣēnî*": "rescue me/deliver me/free me", "*wĕhaṣṣîlēnî*": "and deliver me/and save me/and rescue me", "*bĕnê-nēkār*": "sons of foreignness/foreigners/strangers", "*pîhem*": "their mouth (collective singular for plural 'mouths')", "*dibber-šāwʾ*": "has spoken emptiness/vanity/falsehood", "*yĕmîn šāqer*": "right hand of falsehood (idiom for deceptive oaths/promises)" } }
• Isa 2:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Isaiah.2.6", "source": "כִּ֣י נָטַ֗שְׁתָּה עַמְּךָ֙ בֵּ֣ית יַעֲקֹ֔ב כִּ֤י מָלְאוּ֙ מִקֶּ֔דֶם וְעֹֽנְנִ֖ים כַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וּבְיַלְדֵ֥י נָכְרִ֖ים יַשְׂפִּֽיקוּ׃", "text": "For *nāṭaštâ* *ʿamməkā* *bêt* *Yaʿăqōb*, for *mālʾû* from-*qedem* and-*ʿōnenîm* like-the-*Pəlištîm*, and-in-*yaldê* *nōkrîm* *yaśpîqû*.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*nāṭaštâ*": "verb, qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have forsaken/abandoned", "*ʿamməkā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your people", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*Yaʿăqōb*": "proper noun - Jacob", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*mālʾû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they are full/filled", "*mi-qedem*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from the east", "*wə-ʿōnenîm*": "conjunction + verb, poel participle, masculine plural - and soothsayers/diviners", "*ka-Pəlištîm*": "preposition + proper noun, masculine plural - like the Philistines", "*û-bə-yaldê*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - and with the children of", "*nōkrîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - foreigners/strangers", "*yaśpîqû*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they strike hands/join/ally themselves" }, "variants": { "*nāṭaštâ*": "you have forsaken/abandoned/rejected/cast off", "*mālʾû*": "they are full of/filled with", "*qedem*": "east/ancient times/former things", "*ʿōnenîm*": "soothsayers/diviners/fortune-tellers/those practicing magic", "*yaldê nōkrîm*": "children of foreigners/foreign customs", "*yaśpîqû*": "they strike hands with/join/ally themselves/abound in" } }
• Neh 1:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.1.6", "source": "תְּהִ֣י נָ֣א אָזְנְךָֽ־קַשֶּׁ֣בֶת וְֽעֵינֶ֪יךָ פְתֻוּח֟וֹת לִשְׁמֹ֣עַ אֶל־תְּפִלַּ֣ת עַבְדְּךָ֡ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָנֹכִי֩ מִתְפַּלֵּ֨ל לְפָנֶ֤יךָ הַיּוֹם֙ יוֹמָ֣ם וָלַ֔יְלָה עַל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עֲבָדֶ֑יךָ וּמִתְוַדֶּ֗ה עַל־חַטֹּ֤אות בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֣אנוּ לָ֔ךְ וַאֲנִ֥י וּבֵית־אָבִ֖י חָטָֽאנוּ׃", "text": "*təhî* *nāʾ* *ʾāznəkā*-*qaššebet* and-*ʿênêkā* *pətuḥôt* to-*šəmōaʿ* to-*təpillat* *ʿabdəkā* which *ʾānōkî* *mitpallēl* before-you *ha-yôm* *yômām* and-*laylāh* for-*bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *ʿăbādêkā* and-*mitwadreh* about-*ḥaṭṭōʾwt* *bənê*-*Yiśrāʾēl* which *ḥāṭāʾnû* to-you and-*ănî* and-*bêt*-*ʾābî* *ḥāṭāʾnû*.", "grammar": { "*təhî*": "qal jussive, 3rd person feminine singular - may it be", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please/now", "*ʾāznəkā*": "feminine singular noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your ear", "*qaššebet*": "hiphil participle, feminine singular - attentive/listening", "*ʿênêkā*": "common dual noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your eyes", "*pətuḥôt*": "qal passive participle, feminine plural - open", "*šəmōaʿ*": "qal infinitive construct - to hear", "*təpillat*": "feminine singular construct - prayer of", "*ʿabdəkā*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your servant", "*ʾānōkî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*mitpallēl*": "hithpael participle, masculine singular - praying", "*ha-yôm*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - today/this day", "*yômām*": "adverb - by day", "*laylāh*": "masculine singular noun - night", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons/children of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*ʿăbādêkā*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your servants", "*mitwadreh*": "hithpael participle, masculine singular - confessing", "*ḥaṭṭōʾwt*": "feminine plural noun - sins", "*ḥāṭāʾnû*": "qal perfect, 1st person plural - we have sinned", "*ănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*bêt*": "masculine singular construct - house of", "*ʾābî*": "masculine singular noun + 1st person singular suffix - my father" }, "variants": { "*qaššebet*": "attentive/listening/paying attention", "*təpillat*": "prayer/supplication", "*yômām*": "by day/daily/daytime", "*ḥaṭṭōʾwt*": "sins/offenses/failures" } }
• 1 John 1:7-9 : 7 { "verseID": "1 John.1.7", "source": "Ἐὰν δὲ ἐν τῷ φωτὶ περιπατῶμεν, ὡς αὐτός ἐστιν ἐν τῷ φωτί, κοινωνίαν ἔχομεν μετʼ ἀλλήλων, καὶ τὸ αἷμα Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ Υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ καθαρίζει ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ πάσης ἁμαρτίας.", "text": "If *de* in the *phōti* we *peripatōmen*, as he *estin* in the *phōti*, *koinōnian* we *echomen* with *allēlōn*, and the *haima* of *Iēsou Christou* the *Huiou* of him *katharizei* us from all *hamartias*.", "grammar": { "*de*": "postpositive particle - but/and/moreover [connecting with contrast]", "*phōti*": "dative, neuter, singular - light [locative use]", "*peripatōmen*": "present subjunctive, 1st plural, active - we might walk/conduct ourselves [potential ongoing action]", "*estin*": "present, 3rd singular - is [ongoing state]", "*koinōnian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - fellowship/communion", "*echomen*": "present, 1st plural, active - we have/possess [ongoing state]", "*allēlōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - one another/each other", "*haima*": "nominative, neuter, singular - blood", "*Iēsou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - Jesus", "*Christou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - Christ/Anointed One", "*Huiou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - Son", "*katharizei*": "present, 3rd singular, active - cleanses/purifies [ongoing action]", "*hamartias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - sin" }, "variants": { "*de*": "but/and/moreover/yet [contrasting]", "*phōti*": "light/illumination/radiance/truth", "*peripatōmen*": "walk/conduct ourselves/live/behave", "*estin*": "is/exists/remains", "*koinōnian*": "fellowship/communion/participation/partnership/sharing", "*echomen*": "have/possess/hold/maintain", "*allēlōn*": "one another/each other/mutually", "*haima*": "blood/bloodshed/life", "*Iēsou*": "Jesus [personal name]", "*Christou*": "Christ/Messiah/Anointed One", "*Huiou*": "Son/descendant/offspring", "*katharizei*": "cleanses/purifies/makes clean", "*hamartias*": "sin/wrongdoing/error/failure" } } 8 { "verseID": "1 John.1.8", "source": "Ἐὰν εἴπωμεν ὅτι ἁμαρτίαν οὐκ ἔχομεν, ἑαυτοὺς πλανῶμεν, καὶ ἡ ἀλήθεια οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν ἡμῖν.", "text": "If we *eipōmen* that *hamartian* not we *echomen*, *heautous* we *planōmen*, and the *alētheia* not *estin* in us.", "grammar": { "*eipōmen*": "aorist subjunctive, 1st plural, active - we might say/claim [potential action]", "*hamartian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - sin [direct object]", "*echomen*": "present, 1st plural, active - we have/possess [ongoing state]", "*heautous*": "accusative, masculine, plural, reflexive pronoun - ourselves", "*planōmen*": "present, 1st plural, active - we deceive/lead astray [ongoing action]", "*alētheia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - truth", "*estin*": "present, 3rd singular - is [ongoing state]" }, "variants": { "*eipōmen*": "might say/declare/claim", "*hamartian*": "sin/wrongdoing/error/failure", "*echomen*": "have/possess/hold/maintain", "*heautous*": "ourselves/our own selves", "*planōmen*": "deceive/lead astray/cause to wander/mislead", "*alētheia*": "truth/reality/genuineness", "*estin*": "is/exists/remains" } } 9 { "verseID": "1 John.1.9", "source": "Ἐὰν ὁμολογῶμεν τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν, πιστός ἐστιν καὶ δίκαιος ἵνα ἀφῇ ἡμῖν τὰς ἁμαρτίας, καὶ καθαρίσῃ ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ πάσης ἀδικίας.", "text": "If we *homologōmen* the *hamartias* of us, *pistos* *estin* and *dikaios* *hina* he might *aphē* to us the *hamartias*, and might *katharisē* us from all *adikias*.", "grammar": { "*homologōmen*": "present subjunctive, 1st plural, active - we might confess/acknowledge [potential ongoing action]", "*hamartias*": "accusative, feminine, plural - sins [direct object]", "*pistos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - faithful/trustworthy", "*estin*": "present, 3rd singular - is [ongoing state]", "*dikaios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - righteous/just", "*hina*": "conjunction introducing purpose clause - so that/in order that", "*aphē*": "aorist subjunctive, 3rd singular, active - might forgive/release [potential action]", "*hamartias*": "accusative, feminine, plural - sins [direct object]", "*katharisē*": "aorist subjunctive, 3rd singular, active - might cleanse/purify [potential action]", "*adikias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - unrighteousness/wrongdoing" }, "variants": { "*homologōmen*": "confess/acknowledge/agree/admit", "*hamartias*": "sins/wrongdoings/errors/failures", "*pistos*": "faithful/trustworthy/reliable/believable", "*estin*": "is/exists/remains", "*dikaios*": "righteous/just/fair/right", "*hina*": "so that/in order that/with the purpose that", "*aphē*": "forgive/release/let go/remit", "*katharisē*": "cleanse/purify/make clean", "*adikias*": "unrighteousness/injustice/wrongdoing/wickedness" } }
• Ps 106:6-7 : 6 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.6", "source": "חָטָ֥אנוּ עִם־אֲבוֹתֵ֗ינוּ הֶעֱוִ֥ינוּ הִרְשָֽׁעְנוּ׃", "text": "*ḥāṭā'nū* with-*'ăbōtênū* *he'ĕwînū* *hiršā'nū*", "grammar": { "*ḥāṭā'nū*": "qal perfect, 1st person plural - we have sinned", "*'ăbōtênū*": "noun + 1st person plural suffix, masculine, plural - our fathers", "*he'ĕwînū*": "hiphil perfect, 1st person plural - we have committed iniquity", "*hiršā'nū*": "hiphil perfect, 1st person plural - we have done wickedly" }, "variants": { "*ḥāṭā'nū*": "we have sinned/missed the mark/failed", "*'ăbōtênū*": "our fathers/ancestors/forefathers", "*he'ĕwînū*": "we have committed iniquity/done wrong/perversely acted", "*hiršā'nū*": "we have done wickedly/been guilty/acted wickedly" } } 7 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.7", "source": "אֲב֘וֹתֵ֤ינוּ בְמִצְרַ֨יִם ׀ לֹא־הִשְׂכִּ֬ילוּ נִפְלְאוֹתֶ֗יךָ לֹ֣א זָ֭כְרוּ אֶת־רֹ֣ב חֲסָדֶ֑יךָ וַיַּמְר֖וּ עַל־יָ֣ם בְּיַם־סֽוּף׃", "text": "*'ăbōtênū* in-*miṣrayim* not-*hiśkîlū* *niflə'ōteykā* not *zākrū* *'et*-abundance-of-*ḥăsādeykā* *wayyamrū* at-*yām* in-*yam-sūf*", "grammar": { "*'ăbōtênū*": "noun + 1st person plural suffix, masculine, plural - our fathers", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*hiśkîlū*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person plural - they understood/considered", "*niflə'ōteykā*": "noun + 2nd person suffix, feminine, plural - your wonders", "*zākrū*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they remembered", "*ḥăsādeykā*": "noun + 2nd person suffix, masculine, plural - your lovingkindnesses", "*wayyamrū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they rebelled", "*yām*": "noun, masculine, singular - sea", "*yam-sūf*": "proper noun - Red Sea/Sea of Reeds" }, "variants": { "*'ăbōtênū*": "our fathers/ancestors/forefathers", "*miṣrayim*": "Egypt/Mitzrayim", "*hiśkîlū*": "understood/considered/comprehended/paid attention to", "*niflə'ōteykā*": "your wonders/marvels/miracles", "*zākrū*": "remembered/recalled/were mindful of", "*ḥăsādeykā*": "your lovingkindnesses/mercies/covenant faithfulness", "*wayyamrū*": "and they rebelled/were rebellious/disobeyed", "*yam-sūf*": "Red Sea/Sea of Reeds" } }
• Ps 144:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Psalms.144.7", "source": "שְׁלַ֥ח יָדֶ֗יךָ מִמָּ֫ר֥וֹם פְּצֵ֣נִי וְ֭הַצִּילֵנִי מִמַּ֣יִם רַבִּ֑ים מִ֝יַּ֗ד בְּנֵ֣י נֵכָֽר׃", "text": "*Šĕlaḥ* your *yādeykā* from *mimmārôm*, *pĕṣēnî* and *wĕhaṣṣîlēnî* from *mimmayim rabbîm*, from *miyyad bĕnê nēkār*.", "grammar": { "*šĕlaḥ*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - send/stretch out", "*yādeykā*": "noun feminine dual + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your hands", "*mimmārôm*": "preposition + noun masculine singular - from on high", "*pĕṣēnî*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - rescue me", "*wĕhaṣṣîlēnî*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperative, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - and deliver me", "*mimmayim*": "preposition + noun masculine plural - from waters", "*rabbîm*": "adjective masculine plural - many/great", "*miyyad*": "preposition + noun feminine singular construct - from the hand of", "*bĕnê*": "noun masculine plural construct - sons of", "*nēkār*": "noun masculine singular - foreignness/foreign" }, "variants": { "*šĕlaḥ*": "send/stretch out/extend", "*mimmārôm*": "from on high/from the height/from above", "*pĕṣēnî*": "rescue me/deliver me/free me", "*wĕhaṣṣîlēnî*": "and deliver me/and save me/and rescue me", "*mimmayim rabbîm*": "from many waters/from great waters (metaphor for danger)", "*bĕnê nēkār*": "sons of foreignness/foreigners/strangers" } }
• Lev 26:39-40 : 39 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.39", "source": "וְהַנִּשְׁאָרִ֣ים בָּכֶ֗ם יִמַּ֙קּוּ֙ בּֽ͏ַעֲוֺנָ֔ם בְּאַרְצֹ֖ת אֹיְבֵיכֶ֑ם וְאַ֛ף בַּעֲוֺנֹ֥ת אֲבֹתָ֖ם אִתָּ֥ם יִמָּֽקּוּ׃", "text": "*wə-hannišʾārîm* *bākem* *yimmaqû* *baʿăwōnām* *bəʾarṣōt* *ʾōyəbêkem* *wə-ʾap* *baʿăwōnōt* *ʾăbōtām* *ʾittām* *yimmāqû*", "grammar": { "*wə-hannišʾārîm*": "conjunction + definite article + Niphal participle masculine plural - and those remaining", "*bākem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - among you", "*yimmaqû*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they shall waste away/rot", "*baʿăwōnām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in their iniquity", "*bəʾarṣōt*": "preposition + feminine plural construct - in lands of", "*ʾōyəbêkem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your enemies", "*wə-ʾap*": "conjunction + adverb/conjunction - and also/moreover", "*baʿăwōnōt*": "preposition + masculine plural construct - in iniquities of", "*ʾăbōtām*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their fathers", "*ʾittām*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - with them", "*yimmāqû*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they shall waste away/rot" }, "variants": { "*nišʾārîm*": "remaining/left over/survivors", "*yimmaqû*": "rot/waste away/decay/pine away", "*ʿăwōn*": "iniquity/guilt/punishment for iniquity", "*ʾăbōt*": "fathers/ancestors/forefathers" } } 40 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.40", "source": "וְהִתְוַדּ֤וּ אֶת־עֲוֺנָם֙ וְאֶת־עֲוֺ֣ן אֲבֹתָ֔ם בְּמַעֲלָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר מָֽעֲלוּ־בִ֑י וְאַ֕ף אֲשֶׁר־הֽ͏ָלְכ֥וּ עִמִּ֖י בְּקֶֽרִי׃", "text": "*wə-hitwaddû* *ʾet*-*ʿăwōnām* *wə-ʾet*-*ʿăwōn* *ʾăbōtām* *bəmaʿălām* *ʾăšer* *māʿălû*-*bî* *wə-ʾap* *ʾăšer*-*hālḵû* *ʿimmî* *bəqerî*", "grammar": { "*wə-hitwaddû*": "conjunction + Hithpael perfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they shall confess", "*ʾet*-*ʿăwōnām*": "direct object marker + masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their iniquity", "*wə-ʾet*-*ʿăwōn*": "conjunction + direct object marker + masculine singular construct - and iniquity of", "*ʾăbōtām*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their fathers", "*bəmaʿălām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in their unfaithfulness", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*māʿălû*-*bî*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural + preposition with 1st person singular suffix - they have committed against me", "*wə-ʾap*": "conjunction + adverb/conjunction - and also", "*ʾăšer*-*hālḵû*": "relative pronoun + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural - which they walked/went", "*ʿimmî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - with me", "*bəqerî*": "preposition + masculine noun - in hostility/contrary" }, "variants": { "*hitwaddû*": "confess/acknowledge", "*ʿăwōn*": "iniquity/guilt/punishment for iniquity", "*maʿal*": "unfaithfulness/treachery/trespass", "*qerî*": "hostility/contrariness/opposition/stubbornness" } }
• Ezra 9:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Ezra.9.2", "source": "כִּֽי־נָשְׂא֣וּ מִבְּנֹֽתֵיהֶ֗ם לָהֶם֙ וְלִבְנֵיהֶ֔ם וְהִתְעָֽרְבוּ֙ זֶ֣רַע הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ בְּעַמֵּ֖י הָאֲרָצ֑וֹת וְיַ֧ד הַשָּׂרִ֣ים וְהַסְּגָנִ֗ים הָ֥יְתָ֛ה בַּמַּ֥עַל הַזֶּ֖ה רִאשׁוֹנָֽה", "text": "For *nāśāʾ* from-*bǝnôtêhem* for-them and-for-*bǝnêhem*, and-*ʿārab* *zeraʿ haqqōdeš* with-*ʿammê hāʾărāṣôt*, and-*yād haśśārîm* and-the-*sǝgānîm* *hāyǝtâ* in-the-*maʿal* the-this *riʾšônâ*", "grammar": { "*nāśāʾ*": "Qal perfect 3rd plural - 'they have taken'", "*bǝnôtêhem*": "feminine plural with 3rd person plural suffix - 'their daughters'", "*bǝnêhem*": "masculine plural with 3rd person plural suffix - 'their sons'", "*ʿārab*": "Hithpael perfect 3rd plural - 'mixed themselves'", "*zeraʿ haqqōdeš*": "construct relationship - 'holy seed/offspring'", "*ʿammê hāʾărāṣôt*": "construct relationship - 'peoples of the lands'", "*yād haśśārîm*": "construct relationship - 'hand of the officials'", "*sǝgānîm*": "plural - 'deputies/rulers'", "*hāyǝtâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'was'", "*maʿal*": "singular - 'unfaithfulness/transgression'", "*riʾšônâ*": "feminine singular adjective - 'first/chief'" }, "variants": { "*nāśāʾ*": "took/carried/lifted", "*ʿārab*": "mixed/mingled/intermarried", "*zeraʿ haqqōdeš*": "holy seed/holy offspring/holy lineage", "*sǝgānîm*": "deputies/rulers/officials", "*maʿal*": "unfaithfulness/transgression/trespass", "*riʾšônâ*": "first/foremost/chief/leading" } }
• Ezra 9:6-7 : 6 { "verseID": "Ezra.9.6", "source": "וָאֹמְרָ֗ה אֱלֹהַי֙ בֹּ֣שְׁתִּי וְנִכְלַ֔מְתִּי לְהָרִ֧ים אֱלֹהַ֛י פָּנַ֖י אֵלֶ֑יךָ כִּ֣י עֲוֺנֹתֵ֤ינוּ רָבוּ֙ לְמַ֣עְלָה רֹּ֔אשׁ וְאַשְׁמָתֵ֥נוּ גָדְלָ֖ה עַ֥ד לַשָּׁמָֽיִם", "text": "And-*ʾāmar*-I, \"*ʾĕlōhay*, *bôš*-I and-*kālam*-I to-*rûm* *ʾĕlōhay* *pānay* unto-you, for *ʿăwōnôt*-our *rābâ* to-above *rōʾš*, and-*ʾašmâ*-our *gādal* unto the-*šāmayim*\"", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "Qal imperfect 1st singular with conversive waw - 'and I said'", "*ʾĕlōhay*": "masculine singular with 1st person suffix - 'my God'", "*bôš*": "Qal perfect 1st singular - 'I am ashamed'", "*kālam*": "Niphal perfect 1st singular - 'I am embarrassed/humiliated'", "*rûm*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - 'to lift up'", "*pānay*": "masculine plural with 1st person suffix - 'my face'", "*ʿăwōnôt*": "masculine plural with 1st person plural suffix - 'our iniquities'", "*rābâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd plural - 'have increased/multiplied'", "*rōʾš*": "masculine singular - 'head'", "*ʾašmâ*": "feminine singular with 1st person plural suffix - 'our guilt'", "*gādal*": "Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'has grown/increased'", "*šāmayim*": "masculine plural - 'heavens'" }, "variants": { "*bôš*": "ashamed/embarrassed/disgraced", "*kālam*": "humiliated/ashamed/dishonored", "*rûm*": "lift up/raise/elevate", "*ʿăwōnôt*": "iniquities/sins/guilt", "*rābâ*": "increased/multiplied/grown numerous", "*ʾašmâ*": "guilt/offense/sin", "*gādal*": "grown/increased/become great" } } 7 { "verseID": "Ezra.9.7", "source": "מִימֵ֣י אֲבֹתֵ֗ינוּ אֲנַ֙חְנוּ֙ בְּאַשְׁמָ֣ה גְדֹלָ֔ה עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וּבַעֲוֺנֹתֵ֡ינוּ נִתַּ֡נּוּ אֲנַחְנוּ֩ מְלָכֵ֨ינוּ כֹהֲנֵ֜ינוּ בְּיַ֣ד ׀ מַלְכֵ֣י הָאֲרָצ֗וֹת בַּחֶ֜רֶב בַּשְּׁבִ֧י וּבַבִּזָּ֛ה וּבְבֹ֥שֶׁת פָּנִ֖ים כְּהַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה", "text": "From-*yāmîm* *ʾăbōtênû* we in-*ʾašmâ* *gǝdōlâ* until the-*yôm* the-this, and-in-*ʿăwōnôt*-our *nātan* we, *mǝlākênû*, *kōhănênû* into-*yād* *malkê hāʾărāṣôt*, in-the-*ḥereb*, in-the-*šǝbî*, and-in-the-*bizzâ*, and-in-*bōšet pānîm* as-the-*yôm* the-this", "grammar": { "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural construct - 'days of'", "*ʾăbōtênû*": "masculine plural with 1st person plural suffix - 'our fathers'", "*ʾašmâ*": "feminine singular - 'guilt'", "*gǝdōlâ*": "feminine singular adjective - 'great'", "*yôm*": "masculine singular - 'day'", "*ʿăwōnôt*": "masculine plural with 1st person plural suffix - 'our iniquities'", "*nātan*": "Niphal perfect 1st plural - 'we have been given'", "*mǝlākênû*": "masculine plural with 1st person plural suffix - 'our kings'", "*kōhănênû*": "masculine plural with 1st person plural suffix - 'our priests'", "*yād*": "feminine singular construct - 'hand of'", "*malkê hāʾărāṣôt*": "construct relationship - 'kings of the lands'", "*ḥereb*": "feminine singular with prefix ב - 'by the sword'", "*šǝbî*": "masculine singular with prefix ב - 'in captivity'", "*bizzâ*": "feminine singular with prefix ב - 'to plunder'", "*bōšet pānîm*": "construct relationship - 'shame of face'" }, "variants": { "*ʾašmâ*": "guilt/offense/sin", "*nātan*": "given/delivered/handed over", "*ḥereb*": "sword/warfare/violence", "*šǝbî*": "captivity/imprisonment", "*bizzâ*": "plunder/spoil/looting", "*bōšet pānîm*": "shame of face/disgrace/humiliation" } }
• Ezra 9:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Ezra.9.15", "source": "יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ צַדִּ֣יק אַ֔תָּה כִּֽי־נִשְׁאַ֥רְנוּ פְלֵיטָ֖ה כְּהַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה הִנְנ֤וּ לְפָנֶ֙יךָ֙ בְּאַשְׁמָתֵ֔ינוּ כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין לַעֲמ֛וֹד לְפָנֶ֖יךָ עַל־זֹֽאת", "text": "*YHWH ʾĕlōhê yiśrāʾēl*, *ṣaddîq* you, for-*šāʾar*-we *pǝlêṭâ* as-the-*yôm* the-this; behold-us before-you in-*ʾašmâ*-our, for not to-*ʿāmad* before-you because-of-this", "grammar": { "*YHWH ʾĕlōhê yiśrāʾēl*": "construct relationship - 'YHWH God of Israel'", "*ṣaddîq*": "masculine singular adjective - 'righteous'", "*šāʾar*": "Niphal perfect 1st plural - 'we remain'", "*pǝlêṭâ*": "feminine singular - 'remnant/escape'", "*yôm*": "masculine singular - 'day'", "*ʾašmâ*": "feminine plural with 1st person plural suffix - 'our guilt'", "*ʿāmad*": "Qal infinitive construct - 'to stand'" }, "variants": { "*ṣaddîq*": "righteous/just/innocent", "*šāʾar*": "remain/be left/survive", "*pǝlêṭâ*": "remnant/escape/deliverance", "*ʾašmâ*": "guilt/offense/sin", "*ʿāmad*": "stand/endure/remain" } }