Isa 28:14-22 : 14 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.28.14",
"source": "לָכֵן שִׁמְעוּ דְבַר־יְהוָה אַנְשֵׁי לָצוֹן מֹשְׁלֵי הָעָם הַזֶּה אֲשֶׁר בִּירוּשָׁלִָם",
"text": "Therefore *šimʿû* *dəḇar*-*YHWH* *ʾanšēy* *lāṣôn* *mōšəlēy* *hāʿām* *hazzeh* *ʾăšer* in-*Yərûšālāim*",
"grammar": {
"*šimʿû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - hear",
"*dəḇar*": "masculine singular construct - word of",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD",
"*ʾanšēy*": "masculine plural construct - men of",
"*lāṣôn*": "masculine singular noun - scorn/mockery",
"*mōšəlēy*": "qal participle masculine plural construct - rulers of",
"*hāʿām*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the people",
"*hazzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - this",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*Yərûšālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾanšēy*": "men of/leaders of",
"*lāṣôn*": "scorn/mockery/scoffing",
"*mōšəlēy*": "rulers of/governors of"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.28.15",
"source": "כִּי אֲמַרְתֶּם כָּרַתְנוּ בְרִית אֶת־מָוֶת וְעִם־שְׁאוֹל עָשִׂינוּ חֹזֶה שיט שׁוֹט שׁוֹטֵף כִּי־עבר יַעֲבֹר לֹא יְבוֹאֵנוּ כִּי שַׂמְנוּ כָזָב מַחְסֵנוּ וּבַשֶּׁקֶר נִסְתָּרְנוּ",
"text": "For *ʾămartem* *kāraṯnû* *ḇərîṯ* with-*māweṯ* and-with-*šəʾôl* *ʿāśînû* *ḥōzeh* *šôṭ* *šôṭēp̄* when-*yaʿăḇōr* not *yəḇôʾēnû* for *śamnû* *ḵāzāḇ* *maḥsēnû* and-in-*haššeqer* *nistārnû*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾămartem*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - you have said",
"*kāraṯnû*": "qal perfect 1st common plural - we have cut",
"*ḇərîṯ*": "feminine singular noun - covenant",
"*māweṯ*": "masculine singular noun - death",
"*šəʾôl*": "feminine singular noun - Sheol/underworld",
"*ʿāśînû*": "qal perfect 1st common plural - we have made",
"*ḥōzeh*": "masculine singular noun - agreement/vision",
"*šôṭ*": "masculine singular noun - scourge/whip",
"*šôṭēp̄*": "qal participle masculine singular - overflowing",
"*yaʿăḇōr*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - it passes",
"*yəḇôʾēnû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 1st common plural suffix - it will come to us",
"*śamnû*": "qal perfect 1st common plural - we have made",
"*ḵāzāḇ*": "masculine singular noun - lie/falsehood",
"*maḥsēnû*": "masculine singular noun + 1st common plural suffix - our refuge",
"*haššeqer*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the falsehood",
"*nistārnû*": "niphal perfect 1st common plural - we have hidden ourselves"
},
"variants": {
"*kāraṯnû*": "we have cut/we have made",
"*ḇərîṯ*": "covenant/agreement/treaty",
"*šəʾôl*": "Sheol/grave/underworld",
"*ḥōzeh*": "agreement/vision/contract",
"*šôṭ*": "scourge/whip/flood",
"*šôṭēp̄*": "overflowing/flooding/overwhelming",
"*maḥsēnû*": "our refuge/our shelter",
"*nistārnû*": "we have hidden ourselves/we have concealed ourselves"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.28.16",
"source": "לָכֵן כֹּה אָמַר אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה הִנְנִי יִסַּד בְּצִיּוֹן אָבֶן אֶבֶן בֹּחַן פִּנַּת יִקְרַת מוּסָד מוּסָּד הַמַּאֲמִין לֹא יָחִישׁ",
"text": "Therefore thus *ʾāmar* *ʾăḏōnāy* *YHWH* *hinənî* *yissaḏ* in-*ṣiyyôn* *ʾāḇen* *ʾeḇen* *bōḥan* *pinnaṯ* *yiqraṯ* *mûsāḏ* *mûssāḏ* *hammaʾămîn* not *yāḥîš*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he says",
"*ʾăḏōnāy*": "divine title - Lord/my Lord",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD",
"*hinənî*": "interjection + 1st common singular suffix - behold me",
"*yissaḏ*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he has founded",
"*ṣiyyôn*": "proper noun - Zion",
"*ʾāḇen*": "feminine singular noun - stone",
"*ʾeḇen*": "feminine singular construct - stone of",
"*bōḥan*": "masculine singular noun - testing",
"*pinnaṯ*": "feminine singular construct - corner of",
"*yiqraṯ*": "feminine singular construct - preciousness of",
"*mûsāḏ*": "masculine singular noun - foundation",
"*mûssāḏ*": "pual participle masculine singular - being founded",
"*hammaʾămîn*": "definite article + hiphil participle masculine singular - the one believing",
"*yāḥîš*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will hasten/flee"
},
"variants": {
"*yissaḏ*": "has founded/has established/has laid",
"*ʾeḇen*": "stone of testing/tested stone",
"*bōḥan*": "testing/tried/approved",
"*pinnaṯ*": "corner of/cornerstone of",
"*yiqraṯ*": "preciousness of/value of",
"*mûsāḏ*": "foundation/base",
"*mûssāḏ*": "being founded/being established",
"*hammaʾămîn*": "the one believing/the one trusting",
"*yāḥîš*": "will hasten/will flee/will panic"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.28.17",
"source": "וְשַׂמְתִּי מִשְׁפָּט לְקָו וּצְדָקָה לְמִשְׁקָלֶת וְיָעָה בָרָד מַחְסֵה כָזָב וְסֵתֶר מַיִם יִשְׁטֹפוּ",
"text": "*Wə-śamtî* *mišpāṭ* for-*qāw* and-*ṣəḏāqāh* for-*mišqāleṯ* and-*yāʿāh* *ḇārāḏ* *maḥsēh* *ḵāzāḇ* and-*sēṯer* *mayim* *yišṭōp̄û*",
"grammar": {
"*Wə-śamtî*": "conjunction + qal perfect 1st common singular - and I will make",
"*mišpāṭ*": "masculine singular noun - judgment",
"*qāw*": "masculine singular noun - line/measuring line",
"*ṣəḏāqāh*": "feminine singular noun - righteousness",
"*mišqāleṯ*": "feminine singular noun - plummet/level",
"*yāʿāh*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - it sweeps away",
"*ḇārāḏ*": "masculine singular noun - hail",
"*maḥsēh*": "masculine singular construct - refuge of",
"*ḵāzāḇ*": "masculine singular noun - lie/falsehood",
"*sēṯer*": "masculine singular noun - hiding place",
"*mayim*": "masculine plural noun - waters",
"*yišṭōp̄û*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will overflow"
},
"variants": {
"*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice",
"*qāw*": "line/measuring line/rule",
"*ṣəḏāqāh*": "righteousness/justice",
"*mišqāleṯ*": "plummet/level/plumb line",
"*yāʿāh*": "sweeps away/washes away",
"*maḥsēh*": "refuge of/shelter of",
"*sēṯer*": "hiding place/secret place",
"*yišṭōp̄û*": "will overflow/will wash away"
}
}
18 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.28.18",
"source": "וְכֻפַּר בְּרִיתְכֶם אֶת־מָוֶת וְחָזוּתְכֶם אֶת־שְׁאוֹל לֹא תָקוּם שׁוֹט שׁוֹטֵף כִּי יַעֲבֹר וִהְיִיתֶם לוֹ לְמִרְמָס",
"text": "*Wə-ḵuppar* *bərîṯəḵem* with-*māweṯ* and-*ḥāzûṯəḵem* with-*šəʾôl* not *ṯāqûm* *šôṭ* *šôṭēp̄* when *yaʿăḇōr* *wihyîṯem* to-him for-*mirəmās*",
"grammar": {
"*Wə-ḵuppar*": "conjunction + pual perfect 3rd masculine singular - and will be annulled",
"*bərîṯəḵem*": "feminine singular noun + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your covenant",
"*māweṯ*": "masculine singular noun - death",
"*ḥāzûṯəḵem*": "feminine singular noun + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your vision/agreement",
"*šəʾôl*": "feminine singular noun - Sheol/underworld",
"*ṯāqûm*": "qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - it will stand",
"*šôṭ*": "masculine singular noun - scourge/whip",
"*šôṭēp̄*": "qal participle masculine singular - overflowing",
"*yaʿăḇōr*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - it passes",
"*wihyîṯem*": "conjunction + qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - and you will be",
"*mirəmās*": "masculine singular noun - trampling place"
},
"variants": {
"*ḵuppar*": "will be annulled/will be cancelled",
"*bərîṯəḵem*": "your covenant/your agreement",
"*ḥāzûṯəḵem*": "your vision/your agreement/your pact",
"*šəʾôl*": "Sheol/grave/underworld",
"*ṯāqûm*": "will stand/will be established",
"*šôṭ*": "scourge/whip/flood",
"*šôṭēp̄*": "overflowing/flooding",
"*mirəmās*": "trampling place/something trodden down"
}
}
19 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.28.19",
"source": "מִדֵּי עָבְרוֹ יִקַּח אֶתְכֶם כִּי־בַבֹּקֶר בַּבֹּקֶר יַעֲבֹר בַּיּוֹם וּבַלָּיְלָה וְהָיָה רַק־זְוָעָה הָבִין שְׁמוּעָה",
"text": "From-*middēy* *ʿāḇərô* *yiqqaḥ* *ʾeṯəḵem* for-in-*habbōqer* in-*habbōqer* *yaʿăḇōr* in-*hayyôm* and-in-*hallāyəlāh* *wə-hāyāh* only-*zəwāʿāh* *hāḇîn* *šəmûʿāh*",
"grammar": {
"*middēy*": "preposition + construct - from time of",
"*ʿāḇərô*": "qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - its passing",
"*yiqqaḥ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - it will take",
"*ʾeṯəḵem*": "direct object marker + 2nd masculine plural suffix - you",
"*habbōqer*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the morning",
"*habbōqer*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the morning",
"*yaʿăḇōr*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - it will pass",
"*hayyôm*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the day",
"*hallāyəlāh*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the night",
"*wə-hāyāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and will be",
"*zəwāʿāh*": "feminine singular noun - terror/horror",
"*hāḇîn*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to understand",
"*šəmûʿāh*": "feminine singular noun - report/message"
},
"variants": {
"*yiqqaḥ*": "will take/will seize",
"*yaʿăḇōr*": "will pass/will pass through/will cross over",
"*zəwāʿāh*": "terror/horror/trembling",
"*hāḇîn*": "to understand/to comprehend",
"*šəmûʿāh*": "report/message/rumor"
}
}
20 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.28.20",
"source": "כִּי־קָצַר הַמַּצָּע מֵהִשְׂתָּרֵעַ וְהַמַסֵּכָה צָרָה כְּהִתְכַּנֵּס",
"text": "For-*qāṣar* *hammaṣṣāʿ* from-*hīśtārēaʿ* and-*hammasēḵāh* *ṣārāh* when-*hiṯkannēs*",
"grammar": {
"*qāṣar*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - is too short",
"*hammaṣṣāʿ*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the bed/couch",
"*hīśtārēaʿ*": "hitpael infinitive construct - to stretch oneself",
"*hammasēḵāh*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the covering/blanket",
"*ṣārāh*": "qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - is narrow",
"*hiṯkannēs*": "hitpael infinitive construct - to wrap oneself"
},
"variants": {
"*qāṣar*": "is too short/is insufficient",
"*hammaṣṣāʿ*": "the bed/the couch",
"*hīśtārēaʿ*": "to stretch oneself/to extend oneself",
"*hammasēḵāh*": "the covering/the blanket",
"*ṣārāh*": "is narrow/is small/is tight",
"*hiṯkannēs*": "to wrap oneself/to gather oneself"
}
}
21 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.28.21",
"source": "כִּי כְהַר־פְּרָצִים יָקוּם יְהוָה כְּעֵמֶק בְּגִבְעוֹן יִרְגָּז לַעֲשׂוֹת מַעֲשֵׂהוּ זָר מַעֲשֵׂהוּ וְלַעֲבֹד עֲבֹדָתוֹ נָכְרִיָּה עֲבֹדָתוֹ",
"text": "For like-*har*-*pərāṣîm* *yāqûm* *YHWH* like-*ʿēmeq* in-*ḡiḇʿôn* *yirəgāz* to-*laʿăśôṯ* *maʿăśēhû* *zār* *maʿăśēhû* and-to-*laʿăḇōḏ* *ʿăḇōḏāṯô* *nāḵəriyyāh* *ʿăḇōḏāṯô*",
"grammar": {
"*har*": "masculine singular construct - mountain of",
"*pərāṣîm*": "proper noun - Perazim",
"*yāqûm*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will rise",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD",
"*ʿēmeq*": "masculine singular noun - valley",
"*ḡiḇʿôn*": "proper noun - Gibeon",
"*yirəgāz*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will be agitated",
"*laʿăśôṯ*": "qal infinitive construct - to do",
"*maʿăśēhû*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his work",
"*zār*": "masculine singular adjective - strange",
"*maʿăśēhû*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his work",
"*laʿăḇōḏ*": "qal infinitive construct - to work",
"*ʿăḇōḏāṯô*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his work",
"*nāḵəriyyāh*": "feminine singular adjective - strange/foreign",
"*ʿăḇōḏāṯô*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his work"
},
"variants": {
"*yāqûm*": "will rise/will stand/will arise",
"*yirəgāz*": "will be agitated/will tremble/will be in wrath",
"*zār*": "strange/foreign/alien",
"*nāḵəriyyāh*": "strange/foreign/alien"
}
}
22 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.28.22",
"source": "וְעַתָּה אַל־תִּתְלוֹצָצוּ פֶּן־יֶחְזְקוּ מוֹסְרֵיכֶם כִּי־כָלָה וְנֶחֱרָצָה שָׁמַעְתִּי מֵאֵת אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה צְבָאוֹת עַל־כָּל־הָאָרֶץ",
"text": "And-now not-*tiṯlôṣāṣû* lest-*yeḥzəqû* *môsərêḵem* for-*ḵālāh* and-*neḥĕrāṣāh* *šāmaʿtî* from-*ʾēṯ* *ʾăḏōnāy* *YHWH* *ṣəḇāʾôṯ* upon-all-*hāʾāreṣ*",
"grammar": {
"*tiṯlôṣāṣû*": "hitpael imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you scoff",
"*yeḥzəqû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they become strong",
"*môsərêḵem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your bonds",
"*ḵālāh*": "feminine singular noun - complete destruction",
"*neḥĕrāṣāh*": "niphal participle feminine singular - determined",
"*šāmaʿtî*": "qal perfect 1st common singular - I have heard",
"*ʾēṯ*": "preposition - from",
"*ʾăḏōnāy*": "divine title - Lord/my Lord",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD",
"*ṣəḇāʾôṯ*": "masculine plural noun - hosts/armies",
"*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the earth/land"
},
"variants": {
"*tiṯlôṣāṣû*": "you scoff/you mock/you scorn",
"*yeḥzəqû*": "become strong/be strengthened",
"*môsərêḵem*": "your bonds/your chains/your fetters",
"*ḵālāh*": "complete destruction/consumption/annihilation",
"*neḥĕrāṣāh*": "determined/decreed/decided"
}
}