2{
"verseID": "Proverbs.1.2",
"source": "לָדַ֣עַת חָכְמָ֣ה וּמוּסָ֑ר לְ֝הָבִ֗ין אִמְרֵ֥י בִינָֽה׃",
"text": "*lada'at* *ḥokmah* *wəmusar* *ləhavin* *'imrei* *vinah*",
"grammar": {
"*lada'at*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to know",
"*ḥokmah*": "feminine singular noun - wisdom",
"*wəmusar*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and discipline/instruction",
"*ləhavin*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to understand/discern",
"*'imrei*": "construct state, masculine plural - sayings of",
"*vinah*": "feminine singular noun - understanding/discernment"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥokmah*": "wisdom/skill/prudence",
"*musar*": "discipline/instruction/correction",
"*vinah*": "understanding/discernment/insight"
}
}
3{
"verseID": "Proverbs.1.3",
"source": "לָ֭קַחַת מוּסַ֣ר הַשְׂכֵּ֑ל צֶ֥דֶק וּ֝מִשְׁפָּ֗ט וּמֵישָׁרִֽים׃",
"text": "*laqaḥat* *musar* *haskel* *tsedeq* *umishpat* *umeisharim*",
"grammar": {
"*laqaḥat*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to receive",
"*musar*": "masculine singular construct - instruction of",
"*haskel*": "article + hiphil infinitive absolute - the prudence/understanding",
"*tsedeq*": "masculine singular noun - righteousness",
"*umishpat*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and justice",
"*umeisharim*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun - and equity/uprightness"
},
"variants": {
"*musar*": "instruction/discipline/correction",
"*haskel*": "prudence/insight/understanding",
"*tsedeq*": "righteousness/justice/rightness",
"*mishpat*": "justice/judgment/ordinance",
"*meisharim*": "equity/uprightness/straightness"
}
}
4{
"verseID": "Proverbs.1.4",
"source": "לָתֵ֣ת לִפְתָאיִ֣ם עָרְמָ֑ה לְ֝נַ֗עַר דַּ֣עַת וּמְזִמָּֽה׃",
"text": "*latet* *lifta'im* *'ormah* *ləna'ar* *da'at* *umezimmah*",
"grammar": {
"*latet*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to give",
"*lifta'im*": "preposition + masculine plural noun - to the simple/naive",
"*'ormah*": "feminine singular noun - shrewdness/prudence",
"*ləna'ar*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - to the youth",
"*da'at*": "feminine singular noun - knowledge",
"*umezimmah*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun - and discretion/planning"
},
"variants": {
"*fta'im*": "simple ones/naive/inexperienced",
"*'ormah*": "shrewdness/prudence/craftiness",
"*na'ar*": "youth/young man/servant",
"*da'at*": "knowledge/perception/skill",
"*mezimmah*": "discretion/planning/device"
}
}
5{
"verseID": "Proverbs.1.5",
"source": "יִשְׁמַ֣ע חָ֭כָם וְי֣וֹסֶף לֶ֑קַח וְ֝נָב֗וֹן תַּחְבֻּל֥וֹת יִקְנֶֽה׃",
"text": "*yishma'* *ḥakam* *wəyosef* *leqaḥ* *wənavon* *taḥbulot* *yiqneh*",
"grammar": {
"*yishma'*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will hear/listen",
"*ḥakam*": "masculine singular adjective - wise/skillful",
"*wəyosef*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he will increase",
"*leqaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - learning/instruction",
"*wənavon*": "conjunction + niphal participle, masculine singular - and understanding one",
"*taḥbulot*": "feminine plural noun - guidance/direction/wise counsel",
"*yiqneh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will acquire"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥakam*": "wise/skillful/experienced",
"*leqaḥ*": "learning/instruction/insight",
"*navon*": "discerning/understanding/intelligent",
"*taḥbulot*": "guidance/direction/wise counsel/strategies"
}
}
6{
"verseID": "Proverbs.1.6",
"source": "לְהָבִ֣ין מָ֭שָׁל וּמְלִיצָ֑ה דִּבְרֵ֥י חֲ֝כָמִ֗ים וְחִידֹתָֽם׃",
"text": "*ləhavin* *mashal* *umlitsah* *divrei* *ḥakamim* *wəḥidotam*",
"grammar": {
"*ləhavin*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to understand",
"*mashal*": "masculine singular noun - proverb/parable",
"*umlitsah*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun - and figure/enigma",
"*divrei*": "construct state, masculine plural - words of",
"*ḥakamim*": "masculine plural adjective - wise ones",
"*wəḥidotam*": "conjunction + feminine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their riddles"
},
"variants": {
"*mashal*": "proverb/parable/comparison",
"*mlitsah*": "figure/enigma/satire",
"*divrei*": "words/matters/things",
"*ḥakamim*": "wise ones/sages/skilled persons",
"*ḥidotam*": "their riddles/enigmas/difficult questions"
}
}
7{
"verseID": "Proverbs.1.7",
"source": "יִרְאַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה רֵאשִׁ֣ית דָּ֑עַת חָכְמָ֥ה וּ֝מוּסָ֗ר אֱוִילִ֥ים בָּֽזוּ׃ פ",
"text": "*yir'at* *YHWH* *reshit* *da'at* *ḥokmah* *umusar* *'ewilim* *bazu*",
"grammar": {
"*yir'at*": "construct state, feminine singular - fear of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD",
"*reshit*": "feminine singular construct - beginning of",
"*da'at*": "feminine singular noun - knowledge",
"*ḥokmah*": "feminine singular noun - wisdom",
"*umusar*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and instruction",
"*'ewilim*": "masculine plural noun - fools",
"*bazu*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have despised"
},
"variants": {
"*yir'at*": "fear/reverence/awe",
"*reshit*": "beginning/first/chief",
"*da'at*": "knowledge/perception/skill",
"*ḥokmah*": "wisdom/skill/prudence",
"*musar*": "instruction/discipline/correction",
"*'ewilim*": "fools/stupid ones",
"*bazu*": "despise/disdain/hold in contempt"
}
}
8{
"verseID": "Proverbs.1.8",
"source": "שְׁמַ֣ע בְּ֭נִי מוּסַ֣ר אָבִ֑יךָ וְאַל־תִּ֝טֹּ֗שׁ תּוֹרַ֥ת אִמֶּֽךָ׃",
"text": "*shema'* *bni* *musar* *avika* *wə'al*-*tittosh* *torat* *'immeka*",
"grammar": {
"*shema'*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - hear/listen",
"*bni*": "masculine singular noun + 1st person suffix - my son",
"*musar*": "construct state, masculine singular - instruction of",
"*avika*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your father",
"*wə'al*": "conjunction + negative particle - and do not",
"*tittosh*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular jussive - forsake",
"*torat*": "construct state, feminine singular - teaching of",
"*'immeka*": "feminine singular noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your mother"
},
"variants": {
"*shema'*": "hear/listen/obey",
"*musar*": "instruction/discipline/correction",
"*tittosh*": "forsake/abandon/reject",
"*torat*": "teaching/law/instruction"
}
}