Proverbs 10:27

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.10.27", "source": "יִרְאַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה תּוֹסִ֣יף יָמִ֑ים וּשְׁנ֖וֹת רְשָׁעִ֣ים תִּקְצֹֽרְנָה׃", "text": "*yirʾat* *YHWH* *tôsîp* *yāmîm* *û-šənôt* *rəšāʿîm* *tiqqōṣōrnāh*", "grammar": { "*yirʾat*": "feminine singular construct - fear of", "*YHWH*": "proper name - LORD", "*tôsîp*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - adds/increases", "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural noun - days", "*û-šənôt*": "conjunction + feminine plural construct - but years of", "*rəšāʿîm*": "masculine plural adjective - wicked ones", "*tiqqōṣōrnāh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine plural - will be shortened" }, "variants": { "*yirʾat*": "fear/reverence/awe", "*tôsîp*": "adds/increases/prolongs", "*yāmîm*": "days/lifetime/time", "*šənôt*": "years/age/lifetime", "*rəšāʿîm*": "wicked ones/evil people/wrongdoers", "*tiqqōṣōrnāh*": "will be shortened/cut off/diminished" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

יִרְאַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה תּוֹסִ֣יף יָמִ֑ים וּשְׁנ֖וֹת רְשָׁעִ֣ים תִּקְצֹֽרְנָה׃

Transliteration

yirʾat YHWH tôsîp yāmîm û-šənôt rəšāʿîm tiqqōṣōrnāh

Grammar Details

• *yirʾat*: feminine singular construct - fear of
• *YHWH*: proper name - LORD
• *tôsîp*: Hiphil imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - adds/increases
• *yāmîm*: masculine plural noun - days
• *û-šənôt*: conjunction + feminine plural construct - but years of
• *rəšāʿîm*: masculine plural adjective - wicked ones
• *tiqqōṣōrnāh*: Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine plural - will be shortened

Word Meanings

• *yirʾat*: fear/reverence/awe
• *tôsîp*: adds/increases/prolongs
• *yāmîm*: days/lifetime/time
• *šənôt*: years/age/lifetime
• *rəšāʿîm*: wicked ones/evil people/wrongdoers
• *tiqqōṣōrnāh*: will be shortened/cut off/diminished

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  The fear of the LORD prolongs life, but the years of the wicked are cut short.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  The fear of the LORD olongeth days: but the years of the wicked shall be shortened.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  The fear of the LORD prolongs days, but the years of the wicked shall be shortened.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  The fear of the LORD prolongeth days: but the years of the wicked shall be shortened.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  The fear{H3374} of Jehovah{H3068} prolongeth{H3254} days;{H3117} But the years{H8141} of the wicked{H7563} shall be shortened.{H7114}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  The fear{H3374} of the LORD{H3068} prolongeth{H3254}{(H8686)} days{H3117}: but the years{H8141} of the wicked{H7563} shall be shortened{H7114}{(H8799)}.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  The feare of ye LORDE maketh a loge life, but ye yeares of ye vngodly shal be shortened.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  The feare of the Lord increaseth the dayes: but the yeeres of the wicked shalbe diminished.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  The feare of the Lorde maketh a long lyfe: but the yeres of the vngodly shalbe shortened.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  ¶ The fear of the LORD prolongeth days: but the years of the wicked shall be shortened.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  The fear of Yahweh prolongs days, But the years of the wicked shall be shortened.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  The fear of Jehovah addeth days, And the years of the wicked are shortened.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  The fear of Jehovah prolongeth days; But the years of the wicked shall be shortened.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  The fear of Jehovah prolongeth days; But the years of the wicked shall be shortened.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  The fear of the Lord gives long life, but the years of the evil-doer will be cut short.

• World English Bible (2000)

  The fear of Yahweh prolongs days, but the years of the wicked shall be shortened.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Fearing the LORD prolongs life, but the life span of the wicked will be shortened.

Referenced Verses

• Job 15:32-33 : 32 { "verseID": "Job.15.32", "source": "בְּלֹא־יוֹמוֹ תִּמָּלֵא וְכִפָּתוֹ לֹא רַעֲנָנָה", "text": "*bəlōʾ-yômô* *timmālēʾ* *wə-ḵippātô* *lōʾ* *raʿănānāh*", "grammar": { "*bəlōʾ-yômô*": "preposition + negative particle + noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - before his day", "*timmālēʾ*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - it will be fulfilled", "*wə-ḵippātô*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his branch", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*raʿănānāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - green" }, "variants": { "*yôm*": "day, time, lifetime", "*mālēʾ*": "to fill, be full, fulfill", "*kippāh*": "branch, palm branch", "*raʿănān*": "fresh, green, luxuriant" } } 33 { "verseID": "Job.15.33", "source": "יַחְמֹס כַּגֶּפֶן בִּסְרוֹ וְיַשְׁלֵךְ כַּזַּיִת נִצָּתוֹ", "text": "*yaḥmōs* *kagep̄en* *bisrô* *wə-yašlēḵ* *kazzayit* *niṣṣātô*", "grammar": { "*yaḥmōs*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will shake off", "*kagep̄en*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - like the vine", "*bisrô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his unripe grape", "*wə-yašlēḵ*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will cast off", "*kazzayit*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - like the olive tree", "*niṣṣātô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his blossom" }, "variants": { "*ḥāmas*": "to treat violently, shake off, wrong", "*gep̄en*": "vine, grapevine", "*bōser*": "unripe/sour grape", "*šālaḵ*": "to throw, cast, fling", "*zayit*": "olive tree, olive", "*niṣṣāh*": "blossom, flower" } }
• Prov 3:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Proverbs.3.2", "source": "כִּ֤י אֹ֣רֶךְ יָ֭מִים וּשְׁנ֣וֹת חַיִּ֑ים וְ֝שָׁל֗וֹם יוֹסִ֥יפוּ לָֽךְ׃", "text": "For *ʾōrek* *yāmîm* and-*šənôt* *ḥayyîm* and-*šālôm* *yôsîpû* to-you", "grammar": { "*ʾōrek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - length of", "*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - days", "*šənôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - years of", "*ḥayyîm*": "noun, masculine plural - life", "*šālôm*": "noun, masculine singular - peace/wellbeing", "*yôsîpû*": "verb, hiphil imperfect 3rd person plural - they will add" }, "variants": { "*ʾōrek*": "length/extension", "*šālôm*": "peace/wellbeing/prosperity/completeness", "*yôsîpû*": "add/increase" } }
• Prov 9:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Proverbs.9.11", "source": "כִּי־בִ֭י יִרְבּ֣וּ יָמֶ֑יךָ וְיוֹסִ֥יפוּ לְּ֝ךָ֗ שְׁנ֣וֹת חַיִּֽים׃", "text": "*kî-bî* *yirbû* *yāmêkā* *wyôsîpû* *lkā* *šnôt* *ḥayyîm*", "grammar": { "*kî-bî*": "conjunction with preposition and 1st person singular suffix - for by me", "*yirbû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will increase/multiply", "*yāmêkā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your days", "*wyôsîpû*": "conjunction with Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they will add", "*lkā*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - to you", "*šnôt*": "feminine plural construct noun - years of", "*ḥayyîm*": "masculine plural noun - life" }, "variants": { "*kî-bî*": "for by me/because of me", "*yirbû*": "they will increase/multiply/become many", "*wyôsîpû*": "and they will add/increase/extend", "*šnôt*": "years/periods of time", "*ḥayyîm*": "life/living/existence" } }
• Ps 55:23 : 23 { "verseID": "Psalms.55.23", "source": "הַשְׁלֵ֤ךְ עַל־יְהוָ֨ה ׀ יְהָבְךָ֮ וְה֢וּא יְכַ֫לְכְּלֶ֥ךָ לֹא־יִתֵּ֖ן לְעוֹלָ֥ם מ֗וֹט לַצַּדִּֽיק׃", "text": "*hašlēk* upon *YHWH yəhābəkā* and he *yəkalkelekā*; not *yittēn* forever *môṭ* for the *ṣaddîq*", "grammar": { "*hašlēk*": "hiphil imperative, masculine singular - cast", "*YHWH*": "proper divine name with prefixed preposition ʿal (upon) - upon Yahweh", "*yəhābəkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your burden", "*wəhûʾ*": "waw conjunction with 3rd person masculine singular pronoun - and he", "*yəkalkelekā*": "pilpel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - he will sustain you", "*yittēn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will give/allow", "*ləʿôlām*": "masculine singular noun with prefixed preposition lamed (for) - forever", "*môṭ*": "masculine singular noun - tottering/falling", "*ṣaddîq*": "masculine singular adjective with prefixed preposition lamed (for) - for the righteous" }, "variants": { "*hašlēk*": "cast/throw/fling", "*YHWH*": "Yahweh/LORD", "*yəhābəkā*": "your burden/what he has given you/your lot", "*yəkalkelekā*": "he will sustain you/he will provide for you/he will maintain you", "*yittēn*": "he will give/he will allow/he will permit", "*ləʿôlām*": "forever/eternally", "*môṭ*": "tottering/falling/being moved", "*ṣaddîq*": "righteous person/just one" } }
• Ps 91:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Psalms.91.16", "source": "אֹ֣רֶךְ יָ֭מִים אַשְׂבִּיעֵ֑הוּ וְ֝אַרְאֵ֗הוּ בִּֽישׁוּעָתִֽי׃", "text": "*ʾōrek yāmîm* *ʾaśbîʿēhû* and *ʾarʾēhû* in *yĕšûʿātî*.", "grammar": { "*ʾōrek*": "masculine singular construct - length", "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural noun - days", "*ʾaśbîʿēhû*": "Hiphil imperfect, 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - I will satisfy him", "*ʾarʾēhû*": "Hiphil imperfect, 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - I will show him", "*yĕšûʿātî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my salvation" }, "variants": { "*ʾōrek yāmîm*": "length of days/long life", "*ʾaśbîʿēhû*": "I will satisfy him/I will fill him/I will give him his fill", "*ʾarʾēhû*": "I will show him/I will let him see/I will cause him to behold", "*yĕšûʿātî*": "my salvation/my deliverance/my rescue" } }
• Prov 3:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Proverbs.3.16", "source": "אֹ֣רֶךְ יָ֭מִים בִּֽימִינָ֑הּ בִּ֝שְׂמֹאולָ֗הּ עֹ֣שֶׁר וְכָבֽוֹד׃", "text": "*ʾōrek* *yāmîm* in-*yəmînāh* in-*śəmōʾwlāh* *ʿōšer* and-*kābôd*", "grammar": { "*ʾōrek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - length of", "*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - days", "*yəmînāh*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her right hand", "*śəmōʾwlāh*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her left hand", "*ʿōšer*": "noun, masculine singular - riches", "*kābôd*": "noun, masculine singular - honor/glory" }, "variants": { "*ʾōrek*": "length/extension", "*yāmîm*": "days/lifetime", "*yəmînāh*": "right hand/right side", "*śəmōʾwlāh*": "left hand/left side", "*ʿōšer*": "riches/wealth/prosperity", "*kābôd*": "honor/glory/dignity" } }
• Job 22:15-16 : 15 { "verseID": "Job.22.15", "source": "הַאֹ֣רַח עוֹלָ֣ם תִּשְׁמֹ֑ר אֲשֶׁ֖ר דָּרְכ֣וּ מְתֵי־אָֽוֶן׃", "text": "*ha-ʾōraḥ ʿôlām tišmōr ʾăšer dārəkhû mətê-ʾāwen*", "grammar": { "*ha-ʾōraḥ*": "interrogative + noun, masculine singular construct - the path of", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular - antiquity/ancient time", "*tišmōr*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you keep/observe", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*dārəkhû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they trod/walked", "*mətê-ʾāwen*": "noun, masculine plural construct + noun, masculine singular - men of wickedness" }, "variants": { "*ʾōraḥ*": "path/way/road", "*ʿôlām*": "antiquity/ancient time/long duration", "*tišmōr*": "to keep/observe/guard", "*dārəkhû*": "to tread/walk/march", "*mətê*": "men/people/mortals", "*ʾāwen*": "wickedness/iniquity/trouble" } } 16 { "verseID": "Job.22.16", "source": "אֲשֶֽׁר־קֻמְּט֥וּ וְלֹא־עֵ֑ת נָ֝הָ֗ר יוּצַ֥ק יְסוֹדָֽם׃", "text": "*ʾăšer-qummᵉṭû wə-lōʾ-ʿēt nāhār yûṣaq yəsôdām*", "grammar": { "*ʾăšer-qummᵉṭû*": "relative pronoun + Pual perfect, 3rd common plural - who were snatched away", "*wə-lōʾ-ʿēt*": "conjunction + negative particle + noun, feminine singular - and not time", "*nāhār*": "noun, masculine singular - river/stream", "*yûṣaq*": "Hophal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was poured out", "*yəsôdām*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their foundation" }, "variants": { "*qummᵉṭû*": "to be seized/snatched away/cut off", "*ʿēt*": "time/proper time", "*nāhār*": "river/stream/flood", "*yûṣaq*": "to be poured out/melted/cast", "*yəsôdām*": "their foundation/base" } }
• Ps 21:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.21.4", "source": "‫כִּֽי־תְ֭קַדְּמֶנּוּ בִּרְכ֣וֹת ט֑וֹב תָּשִׁ֥ית לְ֝רֹאשׁ֗וֹ עֲטֶ֣רֶת פָּֽז׃‬", "text": "For *təqaddəmennû* *birkôt* *ṭôb* *tāšît* to-*rōʾšô* *ʿăṭeret* *pāz*", "grammar": { "*təqaddəmennû*": "2nd person masculine singular Piel imperfect with 3rd person masculine singular suffix + conjunction ki - for you meet/greet him", "*birkôt*": "feminine plural construct noun - blessings of", "*ṭôb*": "masculine singular adjective - good", "*tāšît*": "2nd person masculine singular Qal imperfect - you place/set", "*rōʾšô*": "masculine singular noun 'head' with 3rd person masculine singular suffix + preposition lamed - on his head", "*ʿăṭeret*": "feminine singular construct noun - crown of", "*pāz*": "masculine singular noun - fine/pure gold" }, "variants": { "*təqaddəmennû*": "meet him/come before him/receive him", "*birkôt*": "blessings/benefits/gifts", "*ṭôb*": "good/pleasant/beneficial", "*tāšît*": "set/place/put", "*ʿăṭeret*": "crown/wreath/diadem", "*pāz*": "fine gold/pure gold/refined gold" } }
• Ps 34:11-13 : 11 { "verseID": "Psalms.34.11", "source": "כְּ֭פִירִים רָשׁ֣וּ וְרָעֵ֑בוּ וְדֹרְשֵׁ֥י יְ֝הוָ֗ה לֹא־יַחְסְר֥וּ כָל־טֽוֹב׃", "text": "*Kəpîrîm* *rāšû* *wərāʿēbû* and those seeking *YHWH* not-*yaḥsərû* any-*ṭôb*", "grammar": { "*Kəpîrîm*": "noun masculine plural - young lions", "*rāšû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they are impoverished", "*wərāʿēbû*": "conjunction with Qal perfect 3rd common plural - and they hunger", "*dōrəšê*": "Qal participle masculine plural construct - those seeking", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*yaḥsərû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they lack", "*ṭôb*": "adjective masculine singular - good" }, "variants": { "*Kəpîrîm*": "young lions/strong young men", "*rāšû*": "they are impoverished/dispossessed/destitute", "*wərāʿēbû*": "and they hunger/starve/famish", "*dōrəšê*": "those seeking/inquiring of/requiring", "*yaḥsərû*": "they lack/want/diminish" } } 12 { "verseID": "Psalms.34.12", "source": "לְֽכוּ־בָ֭נִים שִׁמְעוּ־לִ֑י יִֽרְאַ֥ת יְ֝הוָ֗ה אֲלַמֶּדְכֶֽם׃", "text": "Come-*bānîm* listen-to me *yirʾat* *YHWH* *ʾălammədkem*", "grammar": { "*ləkû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - come", "*bānîm*": "noun masculine plural - sons/children", "*šimʿû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - hear/listen", "*yirʾat*": "noun feminine singular construct - fear of", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ʾălammədkem*": "Piel imperfect 1st person singular with 2nd masculine plural suffix - I will teach you" }, "variants": { "*bānîm*": "sons/children/descendants", "*yirʾat*": "fear of/reverence for/awe of", "*ʾălammədkem*": "I will teach/instruct/train you" } } 13 { "verseID": "Psalms.34.13", "source": "מִֽי־הָ֭אִישׁ הֶחָפֵ֣ץ חַיִּ֑ים אֹהֵ֥ב יָ֝מִ֗ים לִרְא֥וֹת טֽוֹב׃", "text": "Who is the *hāʾîš* the *heḥāpēṣ* *ḥayyîm* *ʾōhēb* *yāmîm* to see *ṭôb*", "grammar": { "*hāʾîš*": "definite article with noun masculine singular - the man", "*heḥāpēṣ*": "definite article with Qal participle masculine singular - the desiring", "*ḥayyîm*": "noun masculine plural - life", "*ʾōhēb*": "Qal participle masculine singular - loving", "*yāmîm*": "noun masculine plural - days", "*lirʾôt*": "preposition with Qal infinitive construct - to see", "*ṭôb*": "adjective masculine singular - good" }, "variants": { "*hāʾîš*": "the man/person/husband", "*heḥāpēṣ*": "the one desiring/delighting in/pleased with", "*ḥayyîm*": "life/living/lifetime", "*ʾōhēb*": "loving/liking/desiring", "*yāmîm*": "days/time/years" } }
• Eccl 7:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.7.17", "source": "אַל־תִּרְשַׁע הַרְבֵּה וְאַל־תְּהִי סָכָל לָמָּה תָמוּת בְּלֹא עִתֶּךָ", "text": "*ʾAl*-*tiršaʿ* *harbēh* *wə-ʾal*-*təhî* *sāḵāl* why *ṯāmûṯ* in-not *ʿitteḵā*", "grammar": { "*ʾAl*": "negative particle - do not", "*tiršaʿ*": "Qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - be wicked", "*harbēh*": "adverb - much/greatly", "*wə-ʾal*": "conjunction + negative particle - and do not", "*təhî*": "Qal jussive 2nd masculine singular - be", "*sāḵāl*": "adjective, masculine singular - foolish", "*ṯāmûṯ*": "Qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you die", "*ʿitteḵā*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your time" }, "variants": { "*tiršaʿ* *harbēh*": "be excessively wicked/be greatly evil", "*təhî* *sāḵāl*": "be a fool/act foolishly", "*ṯāmûṯ* in-not *ʿitteḵā*": "die before your time/die prematurely" } }
• Jer 17:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.17.11", "source": "קֹרֵ֤א דָגַר֙ וְלֹ֣א יָלָ֔ד עֹ֥שֶׂה עֹ֖שֶׁר וְלֹ֣א בְמִשְׁפָּ֑ט בַּחֲצִ֤י *ימו **יָמָיו֙ יַעַזְבֶ֔נּוּ וּבְאַחֲרִית֖וֹ יִהְיֶ֥ה נָבָֽל׃", "text": "*qōrēʾ* *dāgar* and-not *yālād* *ʿōśeh* *ʿōšer* and-not in-*mišpāṭ* in-half *yāmāyw* *yaʿazbennû* and-in-*ʾaḥărîtô* *yihyeh* *nābāl*", "grammar": { "*qōrēʾ*": "qal participle masculine singular - calling/gathering", "*dāgar*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - hatches", "*yālād*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he bore/begot", "*ʿōśeh*": "qal participle masculine singular - making/acquiring", "*ʿōšer*": "masculine singular noun - wealth/riches", "*mišpāṭ*": "masculine singular noun - justice/judgment", "*yāmāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his days", "*yaʿazbennû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - it will leave him", "*ʾaḥărîtô*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his end", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he will be", "*nābāl*": "masculine singular adjective - foolish/senseless" }, "variants": { "*qōrēʾ*": "partridge/caller/one who calls", "*dāgar*": "hatches/gathers/sits on", "*ʿōśeh*": "acquires/makes/gathers", "*mišpāṭ*": "justice/judgment/right/righteousness", "*nābāl*": "fool/senseless/despicable" } }
• Luke 12:20 : 20 { "verseID": "Luke.12.20", "source": "Εἶπεν δὲ αὐτῷ ὁ Θεός, Ἄφρων, ταύτῃ τῇ νυκτὶ τὴν ψυχήν σου ἀπαιτοῦσιν ἀπὸ σοῦ: ἃ δὲ ἡτοίμασας; τίνι ἔσται,", "text": "*Eipen de* to him the *Theos*, *Aphrōn*, this the *nykti* the *psychēn* of you *apaitousin apo* you: what *de hētoimasas* to whom *estai*,", "grammar": { "*Eipen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - said", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and", "*Theos*": "nominative singular masculine - God", "*Aphrōn*": "vocative singular masculine - Fool", "*nykti*": "dative singular feminine - night", "*psychēn*": "accusative singular feminine - soul/life", "*apaitousin*": "present active indicative, 3rd plural - they demand back", "*apo*": "preposition + genitive - from", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and", "*hētoimasas*": "aorist active indicative, 2nd singular - you prepared", "*estai*": "future middle indicative, 3rd singular - will be" }, "variants": { "*Theos*": "God/Deity", "*Aphrōn*": "Fool/Senseless one", "*nykti*": "night", "*psychēn*": "soul/life", "*apaitousin*": "demand back/require/ask back (impersonal construction or divine passive)", "*hētoimasas*": "prepared/made ready/stored up" } }