Psalms 32:9

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Psalms.32.9", "source": "אַל־תִּֽהְי֤וּ ׀ כְּס֥וּס כְּפֶרֶד֮ אֵ֤ין הָ֫בִ֥ין בְּמֶֽתֶג־וָרֶ֣סֶן עֶדְי֣וֹ לִבְל֑וֹם בַּ֝֗ל קְרֹ֣ב אֵלֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "*ʾal*-*tihyû* *kəsûs* *kəp̄ereḏ* *ʾên* *hāḇîn* *bəmeṯeḡ*-*wāresen* *ʿeḏyô* *liḇlôm* *bal* *qərōḇ* *ʾēleḵā*.", "grammar": { "*ʾal*-*tihyû*": "negative particle + qal imperfect jussive 2nd person masculine plural - do not be", "*kəsûs*": "preposition *kə-* + masculine singular noun - like a horse", "*kəp̄ereḏ*": "preposition *kə-* + masculine singular noun - like a mule", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*hāḇîn*": "hiphil infinitive construct - understanding", "*bəmeṯeḡ*": "preposition *bə-* + masculine singular noun - with bit", "*wāresen*": "conjunction *wə-* + masculine singular noun - and bridle", "*ʿeḏyô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its ornament/equipment", "*liḇlôm*": "preposition *lə-* + qal infinitive construct - to restrain/check", "*bal*": "negative particle - not", "*qərōḇ*": "qal infinitive construct - approaching", "*ʾēleḵā*": "preposition *ʾel* with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to you" }, "variants": { "*ʾên* *hāḇîn*": "without understanding/having no understanding", "*meṯeḡ*-*wāresen* *ʿeḏyô*": "bit and bridle for its adorning/bit and bridle which are its restraint", "*liḇlôm*": "to restrain/to hold back/to check", "*bal* *qərōḇ* *ʾēleḵā*": "or else it will not come near to you/lest it come not near to you" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

אַל־תִּֽהְי֤וּ ׀ כְּס֥וּס כְּפֶרֶד֮ אֵ֤ין הָ֫בִ֥ין בְּמֶֽתֶג־וָרֶ֣סֶן עֶדְי֣וֹ לִבְל֑וֹם בַּ֝֗ל קְרֹ֣ב אֵלֶֽיךָ׃

Transliteration

ʾal-tihyû kəsûs kəp̄ereḏ ʾên hāḇîn bəmeṯeḡ-wāresen ʿeḏyô liḇlôm bal qərōḇ ʾēleḵā.

Grammar Details

• *ʾal*-*tihyû*: negative particle + qal imperfect jussive 2nd person masculine plural - do not be
• *kəsûs*: preposition *kə-* + masculine singular noun - like a horse
• *kəp̄ereḏ*: preposition *kə-* + masculine singular noun - like a mule
• *ʾên*: particle of negation - there is not
• *hāḇîn*: hiphil infinitive construct - understanding
• *bəmeṯeḡ*: preposition *bə-* + masculine singular noun - with bit
• *wāresen*: conjunction *wə-* + masculine singular noun - and bridle
• *ʿeḏyô*: masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its ornament/equipment
• *liḇlôm*: preposition *lə-* + qal infinitive construct - to restrain/check
• *bal*: negative particle - not
• *qərōḇ*: qal infinitive construct - approaching
• *ʾēleḵā*: preposition *ʾel* with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to you

Word Meanings

• *ʾên* *hāḇîn*: without understanding/having no understanding
• *meṯeḡ*-*wāresen* *ʿeḏyô*: bit and bridle for its adorning/bit and bridle which are its restraint
• *liḇlôm*: to restrain/to hold back/to check
• *bal* *qərōḇ* *ʾēleḵā*: or else it will not come near to you/lest it come not near to you

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Do not be like the horse or the mule, which have no understanding but must be controlled with bit and bridle or they will not come near you.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Be ye not as the horse, or as the mule, which have no understanding: whose mouth must be held in with bit and bridle, lest they come near unto thee.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  Do not be like the horse or like the mule, which have no understanding, whose mouth must be controlled with bit and bridle, lest they come near you.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Be ye not as the horse, or as the mule, which have no understanding: whose mouth must be held in with bit and bridle, lest they come near unto thee.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  Be ye not as the horse,{H5483} or as the mule,{H6505} which have no understanding;{H995} Whose trappings{H5716} must be bit{H4964} and bridle{H7448} to hold{H1102} them in, [Else]{H1077} they will not come near{H7126} unto thee.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  Be ye not as the horse{H5483}, or as the mule{H6505}, which have no understanding{H995}{(H8687)}: whose mouth{H5716} must be held{H1102}{(H8800)} in with bit{H4964} and bridle{H7448}, lest{H1077} they come near{H7126}{(H8800)} unto thee.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Sela. I wil enforme the, and shewe the the waye wherin thou shalt go: I wil fasten myne eyes vpon the.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Be ye not like an horse, or like a mule, which vnderstand not: whose mouthes thou doest binde with bit and bridle, least they come neere thee.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Be ye not lyke a horse or lyke a mule whiche haue no vnderstanding: whose mouthes must be holden with bit and brydle, lest they fall vpon thee.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Be ye not as the horse, [or] as the mule, [which] have no understanding: whose mouth must be held in with bit and bridle, lest they come near unto thee.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Don't be like the horse, or like the mule, which have no understanding, Who are controlled by bit and bridle, or else they will not come near to you.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  Be ye not as a horse -- as a mule, Without understanding, With bridle and bit, its ornaments, to curb, Not to come near unto thee.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Be ye not as the horse, or as the mule, which have no understanding; Whose trappings must be bit and bridle to hold them in, `Else' they will not come near unto thee.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Be ye not as the horse, or as the mule, which have no understanding; Whose trappings must be bit and bridle to hold them in, [Else] they will not come near unto thee.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Do not be like the horse or the ass, without sense; ...

• World English Bible (2000)

  Don't be like the horse, or like the mule, which have no understanding, who are controlled by bit and bridle, or else they will not come near to you.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Do not be like an unintelligent horse or mule, which will not obey you unless they are controlled by a bridle and bit.

Referenced Verses

• Prov 26:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Proverbs.26.3", "source": "שׁ֣וֹט לַ֭סּוּס מֶ֣תֶג לַחֲמ֑וֹר וְ֝שֵׁ֗בֶט לְגֵ֣ו כְּסִילִֽים׃", "text": "*Shot* for *sus*, *meteg* for *ḥamor*, and *shevet* for *gev* *kesilim*.", "grammar": { "*shot*": "noun, masculine, singular - whip", "*sus*": "noun, masculine, singular with preposition (לַ) - horse", "*meteg*": "noun, masculine, singular - bridle/bit", "*ḥamor*": "noun, masculine, singular with preposition (לַ) - donkey", "*shevet*": "noun, masculine, singular - rod/staff", "*gev*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with preposition (לְ) - back of", "*kesilim*": "noun, masculine, plural - fools" }, "variants": { "*shot*": "whip/scourge", "*sus*": "horse", "*meteg*": "bridle/bit/halter", "*ḥamor*": "donkey/ass", "*shevet*": "rod/staff/club/scepter", "*gev*": "back/body", "*kesilim*": "fools/stupid persons (plural of *kesil*)" } }
• Jas 3:3 : 3 { "verseID": "James.3.3", "source": "Ἰδε, τῶν ἵππων τοὺς χαλινοὺς εἰς τὰ στόματα βάλλομεν, πρὸς τὸ πείθεσθαι αὐτοὺς ἡμῖν· καὶ ὅλον τὸ σῶμα αὐτῶν μετάγομεν.", "text": "*Ide*, of the *hippōn* the *chalinous* into the *stomata* we *ballomen*, *pros* the *peithesthai* them to us; and *holon* the *sōma* of them we *metagomen*.", "grammar": { "*Ide*": "aorist imperative, active, 2nd singular - behold/see/look", "*hippōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - horses", "*chalinous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - bits/bridles", "*stomata*": "accusative, neuter, plural - mouths", "*ballomen*": "present indicative, active, 1st plural - we put/place", "*pros*": "preposition + accusative - toward/for", "*peithesthai*": "present infinitive, middle - to obey/be persuaded", "*holon*": "accusative, neuter, singular - whole/entire", "*sōma*": "accusative, neuter, singular - body", "*metagomen*": "present indicative, active, 1st plural - we guide/direct/turn" }, "variants": { "*Ide*": "behold/see/look", "*chalinous*": "bits/bridles", "*ballomen*": "put/place/throw", "*peithesthai*": "obey/be persuaded/comply", "*metagomen*": "guide/direct/turn/lead" } }
• Jas 4:7-9 : 7 { "verseID": "James.4.7", "source": "Ὑποτάγητε οὖν τῷ Θεῷ. Ἀντίστητε τῷ διαβόλῳ, καὶ φεύξεται ἀφʼ ὑμῶν.", "text": "*Hypotagēte* therefore to the *Theō*. *Antistēte* to the *diabolō*, and he will *pheuxetai* from you.", "grammar": { "*Hypotagēte*": "aorist passive imperative, 2nd plural - submit/be subject", "*Theō*": "dative, masculine, singular - God", "*Antistēte*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd plural - resist/oppose", "*diabolō*": "dative, masculine, singular - devil/slanderer", "*pheuxetai*": "future middle indicative, 3rd singular - will flee/escape" }, "variants": { "*Hypotagēte*": "submit/be subject/be subordinate", "*Theō*": "God/deity", "*Antistēte*": "resist/oppose/stand against", "*diabolō*": "devil/slanderer/accuser", "*pheuxetai*": "will flee/escape/run away" } } 8 { "verseID": "James.4.8", "source": "Ἐγγίσατε τῷ Θεῷ, καὶ ἐγγιεῖ ὑμῖν. Καθαρίσατε χεῖρας, ἁμαρτωλοί· καὶ ἁγνίσατε καρδίας, δίψυχοι.", "text": "*Engisate* to the *Theō*, and he will *engiei* to you. *Katharisate cheiras*, *hamartōloi*; and *hagnisate kardias*, *dipsychoi*.", "grammar": { "*Engisate*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd plural - draw near/approach", "*Theō*": "dative, masculine, singular - God", "*engiei*": "future active indicative, 3rd singular - will draw near/approach", "*Katharisate*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd plural - cleanse/purify", "*cheiras*": "accusative, feminine, plural - hands", "*hamartōloi*": "vocative, masculine, plural - sinners", "*hagnisate*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd plural - purify/cleanse", "*kardias*": "accusative, feminine, plural - hearts", "*dipsychoi*": "vocative, masculine, plural - double-minded/wavering" }, "variants": { "*Engisate*": "draw near/approach/come close", "*Theō*": "God/deity", "*engiei*": "will draw near/approach/come close", "*Katharisate*": "cleanse/purify/make clean", "*cheiras*": "hands", "*hamartōloi*": "sinners/wrongdoers", "*hagnisate*": "purify/cleanse/make holy", "*kardias*": "hearts", "*dipsychoi*": "double-minded/doubters/wavering" } } 9 { "verseID": "James.4.9", "source": "Ταλαιπωρήσατε, καὶ πενθήσατε, καὶ κλαύσατε: ὁ γέλως ὑμῶν εἰς πένθος μεταστραφήτω, καὶ ἡ χαρὰ εἰς κατήφειαν.", "text": "*Talaipōrēsate*, and *penthēsate*, and *klausate*: the *gelōs* of you into *penthos metastraphētō*, and the *chara* into *katēpheian*.", "grammar": { "*Talaipōrēsate*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd plural - be wretched/lament", "*penthēsate*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd plural - mourn/grieve", "*klausate*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd plural - weep/wail", "*gelōs*": "nominative, masculine, singular - laughter", "*penthos*": "accusative, neuter, singular - mourning/grief", "*metastraphētō*": "aorist passive imperative, 3rd singular - let be turned/transformed", "*chara*": "nominative, feminine, singular - joy/gladness", "*katēpheian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - gloom/dejection" }, "variants": { "*Talaipōrēsate*": "be wretched/lament/endure hardship", "*penthēsate*": "mourn/grieve/lament", "*klausate*": "weep/wail/cry", "*gelōs*": "laughter", "*penthos*": "mourning/grief/sorrow", "*metastraphētō*": "let be turned/transformed/changed", "*chara*": "joy/gladness/delight", "*katēpheian*": "gloom/dejection/downcast face" } } 10 { "verseID": "James.4.10", "source": "Ταπεινώθητε ἐνώπιον τοῦ Κυρίου, καὶ ὑψώσει ὑμᾶς.", "text": "*Tapeinōthēte enōpion* of the *Kyriou*, and he will *hypsōsei* you.", "grammar": { "*Tapeinōthēte*": "aorist passive imperative, 2nd plural - humble yourselves/be humbled", "*enōpion*": "preposition - before/in the sight of", "*Kyriou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - Lord", "*hypsōsei*": "future active indicative, 3rd singular - will exalt/lift up" }, "variants": { "*Tapeinōthēte*": "humble yourselves/be humbled/be brought low", "*enōpion*": "before/in the sight of/in the presence of", "*Kyriou*": "Lord/master/owner", "*hypsōsei*": "will exalt/lift up/raise" } }
• Job 35:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Job.35.11", "source": "מַ֭לְּפֵנוּ מִבַּהֲמ֣וֹת אָ֑רֶץ וּמֵע֖וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם יְחַכְּמֵֽנוּ׃", "text": "*mallpēnû mibbahămôt ʾāreṣ û-mēʿôf haššāmayim yəḥakkəmēnû*", "grammar": { "*mallpēnû*": "masculine singular participle + 1st plural suffix - teaching us", "*mibbahămôt*": "preposition + feminine plural noun - from the beasts/animals", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun - earth/land", "*û-mēʿôf*": "conjunction + preposition + masculine singular noun - and from the birds/fowl", "*haššāmayim*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the heavens/sky", "*yəḥakkəmēnû*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 1st plural suffix - he makes us wise" }, "variants": { "*mallpēnû*": "teaching us/instructing us", "*bahămôt*": "beasts/animals/cattle", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground", "*ʿôf*": "birds/fowl/flying creatures", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*yəḥakkəmēnû*": "makes us wise/teaches us wisdom" } }
• Jer 4:22 : 22 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.4.22", "source": "כִּ֣י ׀ אֱוִ֣יל עַמִּ֗י אוֹתִי֙ לֹ֣א יָדָ֔עוּ בָּנִ֤ים סְכָלִים֙ הֵ֔מָּה וְלֹ֥א נְבוֹנִ֖ים הֵ֑מָּה חֲכָמִ֥ים הֵ֙מָּה֙ לְהָרַ֔ע וּלְהֵיטִ֖יב לֹ֥א יָדָֽעוּ׃", "text": "For *ʾĕwîl* my *ʿammî*, me not *yādāʿû*; *bānîm* *səḵālîm* they, and not *nəbônîm* they; *ḥăḵāmîm* they to *hāraʿ*, and to *hêṭîb* not *yādāʿû*", "grammar": { "*ʾĕwîl*": "adjective, masculine singular - foolish", "*ʿammî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my people", "*yādāʿû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have known", "*bānîm*": "masculine plural noun - children/sons", "*səḵālîm*": "masculine plural adjective - foolish/senseless", "*nəbônîm*": "niphal participle, masculine plural - understanding ones", "*ḥăḵāmîm*": "masculine plural adjective - wise/skilled", "*hāraʿ*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to do evil", "*hêṭîb*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to do good", "*yādāʿû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have known" }, "variants": { "*ʾĕwîl*": "foolish/stupid/silly", "*ʿammî*": "my people/nation/folk", "*yādāʿû*": "known/understood/perceived", "*bānîm*": "children/sons/descendants", "*səḵālîm*": "foolish/senseless/stupid", "*nəbônîm*": "understanding ones/discerning ones/intelligent ones", "*ḥăḵāmîm*": "wise/skilled/clever", "*hāraʿ*": "to do evil/harm/wrong", "*hêṭîb*": "to do good/act well/do right" } }
• Jer 8:6-7 : 6 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.8.6", "source": "הִקְשַׁ֤בְתִּי וָֽאֶשְׁמָע֙ לוֹא־כֵ֣ן יְדַבֵּ֔רוּ אֵ֣ין אִ֗ישׁ נִחָם֙ עַל־רָ֣עָת֔וֹ לֵאמֹ֖ר מֶ֣ה עָשִׂ֑יתִי כֻּלֹּ֗ה שָׁ֚ב *במרצותם **בִּמְר֣וּצָתָ֔ם כְּס֥וּס שׁוֹטֵ֖ף בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה׃", "text": "I *hiqšabtî* and-*wāʾešmāʿ*; not-so they *yᵊdabbērû*. There is-not *ʾîš* *niḥām* concerning-*rāʿātô*, *lēʾmōr*, \"*Meh* *ʿāśîtî*?\" *Kullōh* *šāb* in-*mᵊrûṣātām* like-*sûs* *šôṭēp* in-the-*milḥāmāh*.", "grammar": { "*hiqšabtî*": "hiphil perfect 1st person singular - I have given attention/listened", "*wāʾešmāʿ*": "qal imperfect 1st person singular with waw consecutive - and I heard", "*yᵊdabbērû*": "piel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they speak", "*ʾîš*": "noun - man/person", "*niḥām*": "niphal participle masculine singular - repenting/being sorry", "*rāʿātô*": "noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his evil/wickedness", "*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying", "*Meh*": "interrogative pronoun - what", "*ʿāśîtî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I have done", "*Kullōh*": "noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - all of it/everyone", "*šāb*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he has returned/turned", "*mᵊrûṣātām*": "noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their running/course", "*sûs*": "noun - horse", "*šôṭēp*": "qal participle masculine singular - rushing/charging", "*milḥāmāh*": "noun with definite article - the battle/war" }, "variants": { "*hiqšabtî*": "listened/paid attention/hearkened", "*wāʾešmāʿ*": "heard/listened/understood", "*yᵊdabbērû*": "speak/talk/utter", "*niḥām*": "repenting/regretting/being sorry", "*rāʿātô*": "his evil/wickedness/calamity", "*Meh*": "what/how/why", "*ʿāśîtî*": "done/made/performed", "*Kullōh*": "all of it/everyone/the whole", "*šāb*": "returned/turned/repented", "*mᵊrûṣātām*": "their running/course/rush", "*šôṭēp*": "rushing/charging/flooding", "*milḥāmāh*": "battle/war/fighting" } } 7 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.8.7", "source": "גַּם־חֲסִידָ֣ה בַשָּׁמַ֗יִם יָֽדְעָה֙ מֽוֹעֲדֶ֔יהָ וְתֹ֤ר *וסוס **וְסִיס֙ וְעָג֔‪[t]‬וּר שָׁמְר֖וּ אֶת־עֵ֣ת בֹּאָ֑נָה וְעַמִּ֕י לֹ֣א יָֽדְע֔וּ אֵ֖ת מִשְׁפַּ֥ט יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "Even-*ḥăsîdāh* in-the-*šāmayim* *yādᵊʿāh* *môʿădêhā*, and-*tōr* and-*wᵊsîs* and-*ʿāgûr* *šāmᵊrû* *ʾet*-*ʿēt* *bōʾānāh*; but-*ʿammî* not *yādᵊʿû* *ʾēt* *mišpaṭ* *YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*ḥăsîdāh*": "noun - stork", "*šāmayim*": "noun with definite article - the heavens/sky", "*yādᵊʿāh*": "qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - she knows", "*môʿădêhā*": "plural noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her appointed times", "*tōr*": "noun - turtledove", "*wᵊsîs*": "noun - swift/swallow", "*ʿāgûr*": "noun - crane", "*šāmᵊrû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they observe/keep", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿēt*": "construct state - time of", "*bōʾānāh*": "qal infinitive construct with 3rd person feminine plural suffix - their coming", "*ʿammî*": "noun with 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*yādᵊʿû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they know", "*mišpaṭ*": "construct state - judgment/ordinance of", "*YHWH*": "divine name" }, "variants": { "*ḥăsîdāh*": "stork/kind bird", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*yādᵊʿāh*": "knows/recognizes/is aware of", "*môʿădêhā*": "her appointed times/seasons/festivals", "*tōr*": "turtledove/dove", "*wᵊsîs*": "swift/swallow", "*ʿāgûr*": "crane/thrush", "*šāmᵊrû*": "observe/keep/maintain", "*bōʾānāh*": "their coming/arrival", "*yādᵊʿû*": "know/recognize/understand", "*mišpaṭ*": "judgment/ordinance/law" } }
• Jer 31:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.31.18", "source": "שָׁמ֣וֹעַ שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ מִתְנוֹדֵ֔ד יִסַּרְתַּ֙נִי֙ וָֽאִוָּסֵ֔ר כְּעֵ֖גֶל לֹ֣א לֻמָּ֑ד הֲשִׁיבֵ֣נִי וְאָשׁ֔וּבָה כִּ֥י אַתָּ֖ה יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהָֽי׃", "text": "*šāmôaʿ šāmaʿtî ʾep̄rayim mitnôḏēḏ yissartanî wā-ʾiwwāsēr kəʿēḡel lōʾ lummāḏ hăšîḇēnî wə-ʾāšûḇāh kî ʾattāh YHWH ʾĕlōhāy*.", "grammar": { "*šāmôaʿ šāmaʿtî*": "infinitive absolute + qal perfect 1st person singular - hearing I heard (emphatic)", "*ʾep̄rayim*": "proper noun - Ephraim", "*mitnôḏēḏ*": "hithpael participle masculine singular - mourning/lamenting himself", "*yissartanî*": "piel perfect 2nd person masculine singular + 1st person suffix - you have disciplined me", "*wā-ʾiwwāsēr*": "conjunction + niphal imperfect 1st person singular - and I was disciplined", "*kəʿēḡel*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - like a calf", "*lōʾ lummāḏ*": "negative particle + pual participle masculine singular - not trained", "*hăšîḇēnî*": "hiphil imperative masculine singular + 1st person suffix - cause me to return/restore me", "*wə-ʾāšûḇāh*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 1st person singular cohortative - and I will return", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾattāh*": "2nd person masculine singular pronoun - you", "*YHWH ʾĕlōhāy*": "divine name + noun + 1st person singular suffix - YHWH my God" }, "variants": { "*mitnôḏēḏ*": "mourning/lamenting/wandering/shaking himself", "*yissartanî*": "disciplined me/chastised me/corrected me", "*ʾiwwāsēr*": "was disciplined/was chastened/was corrected", "*lummāḏ*": "trained/taught/instructed", "*hăšîḇēnî*": "restore me/turn me back/cause me to return" } }