1{
"verseID": "Isaiah.23.1",
"source": "מַשָּׂ֖א צֹ֑ר הֵילִ֣ילוּ ׀ אֳנִיּ֣וֹת תַּרְשִׁ֗ישׁ כִּֽי־שֻׁדַּ֤ד מִבַּ֙יִת֙ מִבּ֔וֹא מֵאֶ֥רֶץ כִּתִּ֖ים נִגְלָה־לָֽמוֹ׃",
"text": "*Maśśā* *Ṣōr* *hêlîlû* *ʾŏnîyôt* *Taršîš* *kî*-*šuddad* *mibbayit* *mibbôʾ* from-*ʾereṣ* *Kittîm* *niglāh*-to-them",
"grammar": {
"*Maśśā*": "construct, masculine singular - burden/oracle against",
"*Ṣōr*": "proper noun - Tyre",
"*hêlîlû*": "imperative, masculine plural - wail/howl",
"*ʾŏnîyôt*": "noun, feminine plural - ships",
"*Taršîš*": "proper noun - Tarshish",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*šuddad*": "pual perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it is devastated/destroyed",
"*mibbayit*": "preposition + noun - from house/home",
"*mibbôʾ*": "preposition + infinitive construct - from entering/coming",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of",
"*Kittîm*": "proper noun - Kittim/Cyprus/Mediterranean islands",
"*niglāh*-*lāmô*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular + preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - it is revealed to them"
},
"variants": {
"*Maśśā*": "burden/oracle/pronouncement/prophecy",
"*šuddad*": "destroyed/devastated/laid waste",
"*mibbayit*": "from house/without a house/from port",
"*mibbôʾ*": "from entering/from harbor/from haven",
"*Kittîm*": "Cyprus/Mediterranean coast/Greek islands",
"*niglāh*-*lāmô*": "it is revealed/disclosed/made known to them"
}
}
2{
"verseID": "Isaiah.23.2",
"source": "דֹּ֖מּוּ יֹ֣שְׁבֵי אִ֑י סֹחֵ֥ר צִיד֛וֹן עֹבֵ֥ר יָ֖ם מִלְאֽוּךְ׃",
"text": "*Dōmmû* *yōšbê* *ʾî* *sōḥēr* *Ṣîdôn* *ʿōbēr* *yām* *milʾûk*",
"grammar": {
"*Dōmmû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - be silent/still",
"*yōšbê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - inhabitants/dwellers of",
"*ʾî*": "noun, masculine singular - island/coastland",
"*sōḥēr*": "qal participle, masculine singular construct - merchant/trader of",
"*Ṣîdôn*": "proper noun - Sidon",
"*ʿōbēr*": "qal participle, masculine singular construct - crossing/passing over",
"*yām*": "noun, masculine singular - sea",
"*milʾûk*": "piel perfect, 3rd common plural + 2nd masculine singular suffix - they have filled you"
},
"variants": {
"*Dōmmû*": "be silent/be still/be dumbfounded",
"*yōšbê*": "inhabitants/dwellers/residents",
"*ʾî*": "island/coastland/shore",
"*sōḥēr*": "merchant/trader/seafarer",
"*ʿōbēr*": "crossing/passing over/traveling",
"*milʾûk*": "filled you/replenished you/enriched you"
}
}
3{
"verseID": "Isaiah.23.3",
"source": "וּבְמַ֤יִם רַבִּים֙ זֶ֣רַע שִׁחֹ֔ר קְצִ֥יר יְא֖וֹר תְּבֽוּאָתָ֑הּ וַתְּהִ֖י סְחַ֥ר גּוֹיִֽם׃",
"text": "And-on-*mayim* *rabbîm* *zeraʿ* *Šiḥōr* *qĕṣîr* *yĕʾôr* *tĕbûʾātāh* *wattĕhî* *sĕḥar* *gôyim*",
"grammar": {
"*mayim*": "noun, masculine plural - waters",
"*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - great/many",
"*zeraʿ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - seed of",
"*Šiḥōr*": "proper noun - Shihor/Nile",
"*qĕṣîr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - harvest of",
"*yĕʾôr*": "noun, masculine singular - Nile/river",
"*tĕbûʾātāh*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its produce/revenue",
"*wattĕhî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - and it became",
"*sĕḥar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - merchandise/trade of",
"*gôyim*": "noun, masculine plural - nations"
},
"variants": {
"*zeraʿ* *Šiḥōr*": "seed of Shihor/grain of the Nile/harvest of Egypt",
"*qĕṣîr* *yĕʾôr*": "harvest of the Nile/river harvest",
"*tĕbûʾātāh*": "its produce/its revenue/its income",
"*sĕḥar*": "merchandise/market/emporium"
}
}
4{
"verseID": "Isaiah.23.4",
"source": "בּ֣וֹשִׁי צִיד֔וֹן כִּֽי־אָמַ֣ר יָ֔ם מָע֥וֹז הַיָּ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר לֹֽא־חַ֣לְתִּי וְלֹֽא־יָלַ֗דְתִּי וְלֹ֥א גִדַּ֛לְתִּי בַּחוּרִ֖ים רוֹמַ֥מְתִּי בְתוּלֽוֹת׃",
"text": "*Bôšî* *Ṣîdôn* *kî*-*ʾāmar* *yām* *māʿôz* *hayyām* *lēʾmōr* not-*ḥaltî* and-not-*yāladtî* and-not *giddaltî* *baḥûrîm* *rômamtî* *bĕtûlôt*",
"grammar": {
"*Bôšî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - be ashamed",
"*Ṣîdôn*": "proper noun - Sidon",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has said",
"*yām*": "noun, masculine singular - sea",
"*māʿôz*": "noun, masculine singular construct - stronghold of",
"*hayyām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the sea",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*ḥaltî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I have travailed/labored in birth",
"*yāladtî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I have given birth",
"*giddaltî*": "piel perfect, 1st singular - I have raised",
"*baḥûrîm*": "noun, masculine plural - young men",
"*rômamtî*": "polel perfect, 1st singular - I have brought up",
"*bĕtûlôt*": "noun, feminine plural - virgins/maidens"
},
"variants": {
"*Bôšî*": "be ashamed/be embarrassed/be disgraced",
"*māʿôz*": "stronghold/fortress/haven",
"*ḥaltî*": "travailed/labored in birth/been in pain",
"*giddaltî*": "raised/brought up/nourished",
"*rômamtî*": "brought up/raised/exalted"
}
}
5{
"verseID": "Isaiah.23.5",
"source": "כַּֽאֲשֶׁר־שֵׁ֖מַע לְמִצְרָ֑יִם יָחִ֖ילוּ כְּשֵׁ֥מַע צֹֽר׃",
"text": "*Kaʾăšer*-*šēmaʿ* to-*Miṣrāyim* *yāḥîlû* *kĕšēmaʿ* *Ṣōr*",
"grammar": {
"*Kaʾăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - when/as",
"*šēmaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - report/news",
"*Miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*yāḥîlû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will be in anguish",
"*kĕšēmaʿ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - at the report of",
"*Ṣōr*": "proper noun - Tyre"
},
"variants": {
"*šēmaʿ*": "report/news/rumor",
"*yāḥîlû*": "be in anguish/writhe/be in pain",
"*kĕšēmaʿ*": "at the report of/when the news reaches/as the rumor of"
}
}